Characteristic Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids

Macromolecule polymer A hydrophobic

A macromolecule polymer Macromolecule composing of
composed of one or more macromolecule consisting of
Definition containing carbon, hydrogen a sugar, phosphate and
chains of amino acids in a an alcohol derivative and at
and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. nitrogenous base
specific order least one fatty acid chain
Monomer Amino acid None Monosaccahride Nucleotide
Functional
Amino and carboxyl groups CH2O Sugar, phosphate & base
group(s)
Covalent

Bond Peptide * Triglycerides (fats & Oils) Glycosidic Phosphodiester

and Phospholipids have an
ESTER bond
1. Eicosanoids: E.g. omega-
3fatty acid
2. Phospholipids: E.g.
Primary
Lecithin
Secondary e.g. keratin
3. Triacylglycerols: E.g.
-helix
Classification Butter and oils
-pleated
4. Waxes: E.g. bees wax
Tertiary e.g. catalase
5. Glycolipids: E.g.
Quaternary e.g. Hemoglobin
Cerebrosides
6. Polyprenol compounds:
E.g. Cholesterol
Monosaccharides e.g.
Fructose
Disaccharides e.g. Lactose
Oligosaccharides e.g.
Maltotriose
Polysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides No classification system
Branched E.g.
Amylopectin, Starch & Bases are classified as
Glycogen Purines e.g. Adenine and
Unbranched E.g. Guanine
Amylose, Cellulose, Pyrimidines e.g. Cytosine,
Chitin Thiamine, Uracil
Heteropolysaccharide
Branched E.g. Agar
Unbranched E.g.
Glycosaminoglycans
(GAGs)

Required for structural

Required for the structure,
function, and regulation of
Function
the body's cells, tissues, and
organs.
Required to provide energy,
components of cell
store energy, build Required to store genetic
membranes, energy storage
macromolecules, and spare information and store energy
sources and intermediates in
protein and fat for other uses
signalli8ng pathways