EAI#3_NetworkAnalysis_FNL 1/13/04 1:40 PM Page 2

Energy Automation
& Information

Network Analysis
Full, unbalanced, real-time
power flow monitor

Distribution networks are the most complex

form of electrical supply system but are also
the most lightly monitored. Even with the
addition of real-time Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) data, only a very
small proportion of network flows are actually
measured. Dispatchers are continually forced
to estimate flows in most parts of the network.
While most experienced dispatchers are highly
skilled at this process there has to be a
considerable margin of safety and abnormal
operating conditions are always a problem.

To more effectively operate a distribution network it is

essential that power flows be known with a high degree
of accuracy, particularly when projecting forward in time
to determine expected flows. This improved information
allows the dispatcher to utilize the network to its full
rated capacity and undertake switching of abnormal
configurations with confidence. E-terra distribution™
Network Analysis provides a full, unbalanced, real-time
power flow for the entire network. Study copies of the
current real-time network can be instantly created and
modified to analyze expected conditions in the future.

NETWORK ANALYSIS FEATURES

Network Analysis is a sophisticated real-time distribution

network analysis system that allows both dispatchers
and planning engineers to study either the current (real-
time) state of the network or the expected state at some
point in the future. The real-time mode utilizes the current
network conditions as per the Network Operations Model
including dynamic information from the SCADA system
Customer benefits and Network Switching Management. The core analysis
• Improved network perform- engine is the distribution Network Power Flow. The
ance leveraging accurate power flow works with a fully unbalanced model and is
network loading levels capable of solving for both radial and meshed networks.
• Reduce the risk of
equipment overloads
• Perform simulations directly
on the current network status
• Reduce requirement for
“local knowledge” to safely
operate the network

T&D
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Network Analysis
Full, unbalanced, real-time
power flow monitor

FEATURES E-terra distribution uses a Network Operations Model

that is directly derived from the detailed network data
> A real-time model for analysis of extracted from the utility’s Asset Management System.
current operating conditions The static model of the network is then updated to
reflect real-time conditions by the integration of SCADA
> Power flow supports a fully data and the manual update of switching to reflect the
unbalanced network model execution of Switch Orders by field crews.
> Capable of solving for both meshed
and radial networks UNBALANCED DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK POWER FLOW
> Multiple modes of execution: real-time and
simulation studies.
NPF is the underlying engine that supports the Network
Analysis System. NPF finds a phase domain solution to
FUNCTIONS the unbalanced network model, including the individual
bus phase voltages, network power flows and losses.
NPF can solve with equal efficiency the entire distribu-
> Distribution Network Power Flow (NPF)
tion network or a selected portion. It can solve both
radial and meshed networks (with multiple supply
> Load Allocation (LAC)
buses) and take into account the effect of the
substation transformers.
> Limit Monitor (LM)
NPF utilizes the following model attributes:
> Power Quality Analysis (PQA)
> Separate phase voltages at the bus of the
> Short Circuit Analysis (SCA) feeding substation

> Loss Analysis (LA) > Non-linear load-to-voltage dependencies

> Automatic control actions of locally controlled

A REAL-TIME NETWORK MODEL
capacitors and feeder voltage regulators

The majority of network analysis systems presently

> Distribution transformer voltage drops
available to electric distribution utilities use a separate,
simplified network model rather than a fully detailed
> Line and underground cable charging
model. In an increasingly demanding business
environment, near enough is no longer good enough.
The need is now for more effective and accurate tools
that assist network planners and dispatchers to get the
maximum return from the installed network.
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NETWORK ANALYSIS – LOSS ANALYSIS

A SET OF ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Using the Distribution Network Power Flow as a base,
the Network Analysis System provides a full range
of functions.
Also available within the e-terra distribution suite is
Network Optimizer, which enhances and extends the
functionality of Network Analysis.
The LA function is used to calculate power
system losses based on the network power
flow (NPF) results. The power losses are
available per phase for every line, trans-
former and feeder involved in the NPF.
Accumulated energy losses are calculated
for the substations and feeders within the
selected areas of analysis.

LOAD ALLOCATION
LIMIT MONITOR

LAC is the load estimation function used to provide

The LM function identifies all limit violations after the
complete and accurate information for all loads in the
execution of the network power flow. All load voltages,
network. Due to cost considerations, loads at lower
station bus voltages and line flows calculated by the
voltage levels are not usually monitored. For these
NPF, are checked against their limits. If values are
load values to be determined, an estimation procedure
outside of the acceptable range then a limit violation
is required. LAC allocates loads to buses without tele-
has occurred. The violation is both displayed to the
metered metering, automatically accounting for other
user and logged for reporting purposes.
metered loads to ensure consistency between allocated
and metered loads. The LAC procedure uses the real-
time measurements from SCADA and pre-defined SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
customer type information to scale the distribution
system loads to the real-time measurements, taking The SCA function is responsible for the simulation of
into account the expected usage at a given date/time. faults and the detection of unprotected or improperly
protected regions of the distribution network. The SCA
function is automatically activated after the network
POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS
topology changes and uses the network operations
model to calculate the short circuit currents for each
PQA function is responsible for estimating the quality
protection zone. In addition, SCA calculates the phase
of the supply based on load/voltage excursions from
to ground short circuit currents for each zone of
quality limits. Quality values are calculated on-line for
protection along the feeders of selected stations.
each feeder and stored for hourly, daily and monthly
reports (requires Network Archive option).

“A Network Operations Model derived

directly from detailed network data.”
EAI#3_NetworkAnalysis_FNL 1/13/04 1:40 PM Page 1

THE NETWORK ANALYSIS ADVANTAGE

AREVA Energy Management Systems are used by
electricity utilities throughout the world. AREVA has
a great depth of experience in the development of
network analysis tools for electricity distribution and
transmission systems. AREVA employs industry experts
that are capable of assisting utilities in all aspects of
implementation and maintenance of network models
and analysis functions. E-terra distribution Network
Analysis has been specifically designed to meet the
needs of all sizes of distribution utility.
Network Analysis extends the functionality of the
basic Network View system. Network View is a
mandatory requirement. Network Analysis uses the
Network Operations model as the repository for all
data. In order to support the functionality of Network
Analysis, additional data may be required in the
Network Operations Model but this can still be
sourced from the Asset Management System using
the same modeling process. It is the responsibility of
the utility to ensure that the appropriate data is
available within the Asset Management System/GIS.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
CPU: Pentium Class, 2GHz or greater
Memory: 512 - 2GB depending upon the size of the

• EAI-L3-NETWORKANALY-46 - © - AREVA - 2004. AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.
Network Model
Operating System: Windows 2000 or XP

The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies. - 3891982 RCS PARIS - Printed in USA.
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