Ter
ek
i
Georgia
ng ur Iron Gate
I
Sinope Bagrat IV
{1027-1072}
Rioni Kutatisi Derbent
2- {1064} Georgia pays
H 69
tribute to avoid Seljuq
as -1
{8
Al
a Tiflis
plundering raids. ti zani
ur a
hi 07
K
e
m 5
2 eGr
id }
H ab
s
irr
x e t
Byzantine Trebizond Kura
y
K a
Theodosopolis Aras
Ankyra Teleboas
Sebastia
) 1- {1064} Siwnik
Dvin Alp Arslans great
ara Su invasion into Armenia and
(K )
ak t Su Georgia; sack of Ani;
m
lir ur
a
Ha
K izi 1 permanent occupation of
lys
Arcrunid & 3 M
(
Manzikert parts of Armenia
Aras
Bagratid Vassals ias
Caesarea Arsan
{1069} {1021-1071} Mush Akhlat
Melitene 3- {1065-1070} Later Turkish raids
focus on Central Anatolia. Van
Iconium
Ti
{1067} Ardabil
gris
an
Sallarids
yh
Coxon
Se
Tabriz
Heraclea
Cilician Gates
Ce
y h an
(Musafirids)
M
Diyarbakir
arw di {916-1090} Gh
us
u p hr
ates
01 s ww 071} ez
Ti
Adana mu
s E a el
g
a
085 R -1
ris
Pyr Maragha O
} Hadhabani 5 5 za
n
Calycadnus
Edessa {943-1080?} { 9
Tarsis
es
Uqaylids Alamut
ant
Antioch
Or
Belen Pass
{990-1096} Mosul Annazids
Seleucia Aleppo Qazvin
Qirwash {1001-1050} {991-1107}
St Simeon Raqqa Rayy
The Caucasus in 1070
Ku
m a 1070
Ala
nia Terek
Ter
ek
i
Georgia
ng ur Iron Gate
I
Sinope Bagrat IV
{1027-1072}
Rioni Kutatisi Derbent
H 69
1- {1070} Byzantine strategic
as -1
{8
Al
ra Tiflis i azani
hi 07
imperatives: Ku
e t
m 5
eGr
id }
a- prevent new Turkish raids H ab
s
irr
x e t
Byzantine Trebizond
b- reconquer lost lands in Armenia y
K a
Kura
Theodosopolis Aras
Ankyra Teleboas
Sebastia
)
Dvin Siwnik
ara Su 1
(K )
ak Su
lir
m rat
Ha
K izi u
lys
Arcrunid & M
(
Manzikert
Aras
Bagratid Vassals ias
Caesarea Arsan
{1021-1071} Mush Akhlat
Melitene
Van
Iconium
Ti
Ardabil
gris
an
Sallarids
yh
Coxon
Se
Tabriz
Heraclea
Cilician Gates
Ce
y h an
(Musafirids)
M
Diyarbakir
arw di {916-1090} Gh
us
u p hr
ates
01 s ww 071} ez
Ti
Adana mu
s E a el
g
a
085 R -1
ris
Pyr Maragha O
} Hadhabani 5 5 za
n
Calycadnus
Edessa {943-1080?} { 9
Tarsis
es
Uqaylids Alamut
ant
Antioch
Or
Belen Pass
{990-1096} Mosul Annazids
Seleucia Aleppo Qazvin
Qirwash {1001-1050} {991-1107}
St Simeon Raqqa Rayy
Byzantine Strategic Crisis
1- Byzantines must defend the entire empire simultaneously = dispersal
of forces
2- Turks can concentrate their forces to plunder a single region each raid
3- Byzantines muster a field army, but with infantry; it is slower than the
Turks
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