Future spectrum technologies for

Mobile Broadband
Ulrich Rehfuess Head of Spectrum Policy
Bartlomiej Golebiowski Senior Standardization Specialist
ulrich.rehfuess@nokia.com, bartlomiej.golebiowski@nokia.com
Workshop on Frequency Policy and Spectrum Engineering
8-9 September 2016, Wroclaw, Poland
1 Nokia 2016
 Outline

Spectrum usage models

LTE in broadcast band - eMBMS field trial in Munich
Licensed-Assisted Access in unlicensed band
US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept

2 Nokia 2016
 Spectrum usage models
LTE in broadcast band - eMBMS field trial in Munich
Licensed-Assisted Access in unlicensed band
US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept

3 Nokia 2016
Harmonization and global standards drive economies of scale
Spectrum usage models

Shared approach
Mainstream approach Complementary
unlicensed
auctions license model
(Wi-Fi, LAA/LTE-U,
of cleared spectrum Licensed Shared Access
MulteFire)
Exclusive use Exclusive shared use Shared use
ensures exclusive use on a shared and binary unpredictable
Quality of Service basis in time, location, and/or frequency Quality of Service
with incumbent (government, defense etc.)
predictable Quality of Service

900, 1800, 2100, 2300 MHz, 3.5 GHz 5 GHz,

800, 2600 MHz
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Spectrum use in Europe ~2015

Licence exempt:
DECT, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz,)
Possible future mobile use:
Higher bands around 2 GHz and above deliver
LTE (700 MHz, L- and S-Band,
2.3 GHz, ...) capacity in densely populated area
Mobile use:
GSM (900, 1800 MHz),
UMTS (2.1 GHz)
LTE (800, 1800, 2600 MHz)
Broadcast use: MHz
FM, DAB, DVB-T
Other services

Most valuable spectrum e.g. for mobile between

~450 MHz and 1 GHz large area coverage;
DVB-T as of today occupies 320 MHz,
after 700 MHz repurposing still 224 MHz
Below ~450 MHz, antennas are too large for
handheld use

5 Nokia 2016
 Spectrum usage models
LTE in broadcast band - eMBMS field trial in Munich
Licensed-Assisted Access in unlicensed band
US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept

6 Nokia 2016
LTE in broadcast band 470-694 MHz: Supplemental Downlink (SDL)
Supplemental Downlink = additional capacity to exclusive (FDD) band in downlink direction
SDL provides additional capacity for broadcast content via LTE Broadcast technology (eMBMS) for mobile TV
SDL complements LTE capacity for video streaming and intense audio visual use
SDL would not harm existing DTT as it is easier to coordinate with DTT use than conventional uplink and
downlink operation within a common band

470 MHz 694 700 800 900

DTT

DTT

DTT
DTT

DTT
DTT

Supplemental Downlink (SDL) Uplink und Downlink

Uplink
Downlink

SDL may provide win-win between DTT and MBB way before 2030
7 Nokia 2016
Worlds First Demonstration of LTE Supplemental Downlink in TV Broadcast Band

Demonstration showcases co-existence

of LTE Supplemental Downlink and
Digital Terrestrial TV

The live demonstration took place at the

Nokia Executive Experience Center in
Espoo, Finland on September 2, 2016.

The flexibility option for the 470-694

MHz band is included in the draft
decision of the European Parliament and
of the Council on the use of the 470-
790 MHz frequency band in the Union,
which was published in February this
year.

8 Nokia 2016
Source: http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/2016/09/02/qualcomm-nokia-
and-yle-announce-worlds-first-demonstration-of-lte-supplemental-downlink-in-a-tv-
broadcast-band
Industry first field trial of eMBMS Single Frequency Network (SFN) in Munich, Germany
Implemented with commercially available Flexi eNodeB hardware

Q3/14: field trial start Q4/14: demo center

Pre-commercial SFN Available for
software stakeholder visits
implementation
10km Configuration
> 4 locations, 4 cells
2km > ISD 2 19 km
> Nokia Flexi Multiradio 10 BTS commercial APT700 HW
7,5km
> eMBMS pre-commercial SFN, core network emulation
> Qualcomm test terminals, eMBMS enabled measurement
equipment from Rohde & Schwarz (TSMW, ROMES)
> UHF spectrum, 3GPP band 28
> 10 MHz FDD (several SD channels, some HD channels)

9 Nokia 2016
eMBMS RS SINR *) compared to single cell RS SINR MBSFN area
Single Frequency Network (SFN) gain
PCI 400 PCI 100 PCI 300

RS SINR eMBMS SFN measurement over time

This measurement is performed only on eMBMS
reference signals in the eMBMS subframes
RS SINR measurement per single PCI over time
Blue circled areas show SFN gain
This measurement is performed on the LTE reference signals
Red circled area indicates destructive interference
in the non-MBMS subframes
*) Reference Symbol Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio
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10
Munich eMBMS trial network: spectrum configuration
LTE DL (and UL) operational in 700 MHz band despite presence of DTT multiplexes
K48 K49 K50 K51 K52 K53 K54 K55 K56 K57 K58 K59
3GPP Band 28 Uplink 3GPP Band 28 Downlink

DVB-T- DVB-T- DVB-T- DVB-T- DVB-T-

Mux eMBMS Mux Mux Mux Mux eMBMS
(Pro7/ (div Hohen- (ARD) (BFS)
trial trial
Sat1) priv.) peien- Olympic Olympic
Olympic network Olympic berg Tower Tower network
Tower Uplink Tower Downlink

V pol. H pol. V pol. H pol. V pol. V pol. H pol.

686 694 702 710 718 726 734 742 750 758 766 774 782 MHz

706 716 duplex distance 55 MHz 761 771

711 766
DVB-T transmit power: DVB-T carriers within the trial LTE uplink spectrum produce in-band interference to
100 kW ERP per carrier the LTE receiver in the base station. Therefore notch filters were deployed. In the
trial scenario this is relevant only for combined broadcast/unicast use cases.
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Smartphone applications to show LTE 4 TV Broadcast use cases
HbbTV example

eMBMS Controlled link,

TV broadcast multicast
Miracast

LTE unicast IP best effort

Program Information
Mediathek Internet
Videotext/News

The demo shows a combined broadcast/unicast use case on a smartphone:

- Switching between different TV broadcast channels
- Unicast overlay with VoD offering (HbbTV like presentation)
- Switching between broadcast and unicast screens
- Screencast via Wi-Fi to a large screen (smartphone as a set top box)
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Cooperation between broadcast and mobile broadband
Integrated UHF Multimedia Network based on UHF flexibility

Distribution of linear audio-visual content to

mobile devices
Mobile device may become the TV receiver for
the large screen
Flexible allocation of bandwidth to linear and
non-linear content as needed
Required capacity can come from Broadcast in
470-694 MHz, site infrastructure from MNOs
Broadcast - Mobile Broadband cooperation can
open win-win via more efficient spectrum use
Europe can lead this innovation with the right
policy on UHF flexibility

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 Spectrum usage models
LTE in broadcast band - eMBMS field trial in Munich
Licensed-Assisted Access in unlicensed band
US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept

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Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) using LTE
Background
Transmit Power
3GPP work targeted at bringing LTE to 5 GHz unlicensed
band, where vast amount of spectrum is available. Maximum allowed transmit power
varies from one region and frequency
band to another
The exact spectrum available @ 5GHz band varies from
one country to another. Typical range is from 23dBm to 30
dBm for a 20 MHz channel

This, along with larger path-loss at 5

GHz, limits LTE unlicensed band
operation to small cells

Summary of existing and proposed new FCC part 15 rules for 5GHz unlicensed spectrum usage

Commission Commission Mandate to CEPT-

Mandate to extension of the WAS/RLAN range
WAS/RLANs CEPT- WAS/RLANs
extension of the
WAS/RLAN
range

5.15 GHz 5.35 GHz 5.47 GHz 5.725 GHz 5.925 GHz

Summary of existing and proposed EU regulations for WAS/RLANs in the 5GHz band

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Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) using LTE
Dynamic sharing of license exempt spectrum

Unique combination of licensed + unlicensed bands

Unlicensed Licensed Licensed
downlink in downlink in uplink in
Listen-Before-Talk algorithms guarantee fair co-existence
SCell PCell PCell with other radio systems (esp. WiFi)
Licensed band provides reliable connection and quality of
service for mobility, signaling, voice and data
No Stand-alone operation on unlicensed carriers only
Unlicensed band boosts data rates Opportunistic use
LAA to be integrated into small cells beside Wi-Fi
Targets public hotspots managed by operators
downlink aggregation

Enhanced LAA (eLAA) Rel-14 currently being developed in

3GPP will provide UL in unlicensed band (still no stand-alone
operation)

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 MulteFire
Stand-alone operation in 5 GHz band

LTE-based technology for small cells operating solely in unlicensed band

Nokia is globalizing and commercializing MulteFire and is one of the two
founding members of MulteFire Alliance.
Because it relies solely upon unlicensed spectrum, MulteFire expands the
ecosystem of LTE-based technologies to new and established service
providers, including internet service providers, cable companies, mobile
operators, small medium and large enterprises, and venue owners.

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 Spectrum usage models
LTE in broadcast band - eMBMS field trial in Munich
Licensed-Assisted Access in unlicensed band
US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept

18 Nokia 2016
World 1st LSA over the air field trials proved the concept
LSA TD LTE 2300 with PMSE over the air field trial with e2e Finnish ecosystem

Trial included full e2e LSA

ecosystem in Finland:
regulator, incumbents, MNO
and supplying industry in
CORE+ project
LSA Ecosystem
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US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept
Overview

FCC has adopted rules to implement first three-tiered spectrum sharing

architecture in the world
Band 3550 3700 MHz:
- Tier 1: Incumbents
- Tier 2: Priority Access Licenses
- Tier 3: General Authorized Access
Tiers 2 & 3 are regulated under a new
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)

20 Nokia 2016
 US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept
High-Level Schematic

Tier 1: incumbents
Fixed-Satellite Service Wireless Broadband
Military Radar Services
(RX-only)

SAS:
assign frequencies in New Entrants
the 3.5 GHz band Environmental Transition
- authorize and Sensing Tier 2
manage use of
period
CBRS spectrum
Capability (ESC) Priority Access
- protect higher tier License (PAL)
operations from
interference, and Spectrum Access Tier 3
maximize frequency System (SAS) General
capacity for all
CBRS operators. Authorized
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Access (GAA)
Back-up slides

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Nokia Internal Use
Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) solution architecture
eMBMS components MBMS admission control eMBMS
New Entity
MBMS radio resource allocation eMBMS User Traffic
eMBMS Signalling

M3
MCE MME
M2
Sm
UE SGmb
MBMS CP Content
M1 BMSC
GW UP Provider
SGi-mb
eNB
Chips and Terminals MBMS packet delivery to MBMS user service provisioning and delivery
available but playout, eNBs MBMS Bearer Service authorization and initiation
rendering program guide, MBMS Session Control MBMS transmission scheduling and delivery
etc. need to be made towards E-UTRAN
Entry point for content providers transmissions
available.

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The Munich trial is part of a research project called IMB5

:Integration of Broadcast and Mobile Broadband in LTE/5G

Objectives of IMB5
Create technological models for the convergence of broadcast and mobile broadband by:
Testing the capabilities and limitations of current LTE eMBMS for nationwide broadcast infrastructure
Creating an optimized system architecture for eMBMS based networks
Defining input for modifications of the 3GPP standardization of eMBMS

What the project is not about:

Replacement of DVB-T/T2 by LTE eMBMS
Discussing business models
Tapping into the spectrum discussion

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Public
IMB5- Consortium

Associated Partners:

This project is co-funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation

(Bayerische Forschungsstiftung BFS)
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LTE Broadcast distribution may come at comparable cost like todays DVB-T
e.g. Germany: 160M spend p.a. for public broadcast vs. incremental cost of LTE-B capacity for MNO

reported annual DVB-T cost vs. estimated incremental LTE-Broadcast cost

e.g. 25 HD channels HEVC

25x 3.6 Mb/s / 1.5 b/Hz/s = 60 MHz

Estimated range
of incremental cost for LTE-B

Sensitivity analysis w.r.t.

4000-15000 base stations (eNB)
RF bandwidth 40-100 MHz required for 25 HD channels

27 Nokia 2016
CIR analysis to check guard interval violations
Inter Symbol

Interference
Channel Impulse
16,7s cyclic prefix Response (CIR)
inter-symbol chart provides path
interference delays from
individual cells and
delay spread
information

28 Nokia 2016
Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) using LTE
3GPP Band 46 plan

LAA 5 GHz band is a single TDD Band 46 with 4 sub-bands with total 655 MHz, in Rel-13
DL only with FS Type 3, 20MHz channel BW only
Sub-bands were introduced to define additional co-existence requirements for some
markets, e.g. China
Band 46 is a global band where only part of this band applies for certain
countries/regions
3GPP Band 46

5150 5250 5350 5470 5725 5925

Band 46a Band 46b Band 46c Band 46d
100 MHz 100 MHz 255 MHz 200 MHz

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US 3.5 GHz spectrum sharing concept
Overview

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

Incumbents Priority Access Licenses
(PAL)
- Military ship-borne radar - Priority users who will be
- Military ground-based radar allocated unpaired 10
- Fixed-satellite service earth MHz bands per census
stations (receive-only)
- Wireless Broadband Services
tract (areas the size of a
(will be transitioned to Tier 2 or small town) for three-
3 operation) year periods.
- Band 3550 -3650 MHz
General Authorized
Access (GAA)
- No interference
protections;
- Must protect
incumbents and PALs
- No priori bandwidth limit
or license area
- 3550-3700 MHz
- Licensed by rule

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