Chapter 1

Introduction: Digital Systems &

Logic Design

By Taweesak Reungpeerakul

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 Digital Systems

Digital and Analog Quantities

Parameters of Pulse Waveform

Basic Logic

Combinational Logic

Digital Integrated Circuits

An example of Digital System

Design Flow
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 1.1 Digital & Analog Quantities

Analog Quantity?
 Continuous Values

Digital Quantity?
 Discrete Set of Values

Which one has more advantages?
 Digital Quantity (process & transmit)

Efficiency

Reliability

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 Analog & Digital Example

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 Analog & Mixed System

Analog System

Digital and Analog System

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 1.2 Binary Digits, Logic Levels,
and Digital Waveforms

Binary Digits: 0  Low, Volts Volts(TTL)
1  High VH (max) 5.0
Logic 1

Code: (high)
Group of Bits VH (min) 2.0
Undefined

Logic Level:
VL (max) 0.8
represented by voltages Logic 0
(low)
VL (min) 0.0

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 Digital Waveforms

Pulse
H
L
Positive-going pulse Negative-going pulse

Waveform Characteristic
f = 1/T
tW : pulse width T = 1/f
tr : rise time
tf : fall time Duty Cycle =
T : period ( tw / T ) 100%
f : frequency

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 Clock and Bits Waveforms

Clock is a periodic waveform (signal) in which each interval
between pulse equals the time for one bit

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 Timing Diagrams

How 2 or more waveforms change and relate

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 1.3 Basic Logic Operations

NOT AND OR

Symbol

Truth In Out In1 In2 Out In1 In2 Out

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

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 1.4 Basic Logic Functions

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 Basic Logic Functions (cont)

Mux
Demux
Multiplexer Demultiplexer
S0 O0
2n S1 D O1
S2 D O2
S3 O3

C0 C1 En C0 C1 En

n
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 Basic Logic Functions (cont)

Flip-flops
Registers
SET
D D
SET
Q Q
CLK
CLR Q Q
CLR

Counters

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 1.5 Digital Integrated Circuits

IC Packages: DIP, SMT, SOIC, PLCC,
LCCC, FP

IC Complexity Classifications
 SSI: gate 12, basic gates & flip-flops
 MSI: 12 gate 99, logic functions
 LSI: 100 gate 9999, including memory
 VLSI: 10,000 gate 99,999
 ULSI: gate 100,000
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 Integrated Circuit Technologies

Types of Transistors
 Bipolar Junction Transistors
 MOSFETs (metal-oxide semiconductor
field-effect transistors)

Bipolar used in: transistor-transistor logic
(TTL) and emitter-couple logic (ECL)

MOSFETs used in: complementary MOS
(CMOS) and n-channel MOS (NMOS)

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 1.6 Testing and Troubleshooting
Instruments

Oscilloscope
 Analog
 Digital

Logic Analyzer

DC Power Supply

Function Generator

Digital Multimeter

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 1.7 Digital System Application

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 Design Flow

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 1.8 Conclusions

What is digital signal ?

How important ?

What are basic digital circuits ?

Where will we face it ?

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