Atomic structure
Sumari
Sumari_um@yahoo.com
Electron Configurations
Aufbau process.
Build up and minimize energy.
Pauli exclusion principle.
No two electrons can have all four
quantum numbers alike.
Hunds rule.
Degenerate orbitals are occupied singly
first.
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Orbital Energies
Orbital Filling
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Filling p Orbitals
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Transition Metals
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Sumari
Sumari_um@yahoo.com
Nonmetals
Nonconductors of heat and electricity.
Brittle solids.
Some are gases at room temperature.
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Atomic Radius
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Cationic Radii
Anionic Radii
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Ionization Energy
Mg(g) Mg+(g) + e- I1 = 738 kJ
Z
I = RH2 eff
n2
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Electron Affinity
F(1s22s22p5) + e- F-(1s22s22p6)
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Magnetic Properties
Diamagnetic atoms or ions:
All e- are paired.
Weakly repelled by a magnetic field.
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Paramagnetism
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Boiling Point
266
? 332
?
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Born-Land equation
where
NA = Avogadro constant
M = Madelung constant, relating to the geometry of the
crystal.
z + = charge number of cation z = charge number of
anion
e = elementary charge, 1.6022 1019 C
0 = permittivity of free space 40 = 1.112 1010
C/(Jm)
r0 = distance to closest ion n = Born exponent, a number
between 5 and 12, determined experimentally by
measuring the compressibility of the solid, or derived
theoretically
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