Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams

Uncracked State

b
c fc
C

d
(n-1)Ast
Tc
s fs
Ts

cross section transformed strain stress force

area block

C=Ts+Tc

Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams

In the elastic analysis of RC beams, the concrete in the tensile zone
does not resist any tensile force, ie., that it is cracked completely to
the neutral axis (NA)
b
c fc
C
kd
d
jd
nAst
T
s fs/n
cross section transformed strain linear force
section stress
block
Stress in the imaginary concrete
equivalent of the steel area. Note fs=nfc

3
 Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams
1. Determine the neutral axis position,
concrete stresses at the top and
bottom fibers and steel stress
produced by a moment of 10kNm for
the uncracked state 250

2. Find the cracking moment

500
4N24
3. Determine the neutral axis position,
concrete stresses at the top and
50
bottom fibers and steel stress
produced by a moment of 60kNm for
fc= 32MPa
the cracked state

Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams

1. Uncracked State
(a) Replace tensile steel by concrete area
(n-1)Ast 500
4N24
(b) Find dg (position of NA of equivalent
concrete section)
(c) Find moment of inertia It about NA
of equivalent concrete section
fc= 32MPa
Ec= 1.5 0.043 f c = 28602MPa (cl6.1.2 p.38) dg
Es= 200000 MPa NA
n = Es/Ec~ 7
Ast= 1810mm2 (4N24)
(n-1) Ast = 10860 mm2
(n-1) Ast

4
 Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams
1. Uncracked State
Ag = 250x550 = 137500 mm2
Total area = Ag + (n-1)Ast = 137500+10860
= 148360mm2
dg=291 500
Find dg
NA 550
148360dg = (137500x275)+(10860x500) 209

dg = 291mm
I for concrete
Stress = My/I I for steel

250 5503
IT = + 137500 (291 275) 2 + 10860 209 2
12
=3.98x109 mm4

Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams

1. Uncracked State
Concrete stress at the top 291 500

10 10 6 291 209
ct = = 0.73MPa
3.98 109 259

Concrete stress at the bottom

10 10 6 259
cb = = 0.65MPa
3.98 109
Steel stress n

7 10 10 6 209
s = = 3.68MPa
3.98 109

5
 Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams
2. Cracking Moment
(a) Find tensile strength of concrete
(b) Cracking will occur when concrete stress reaches its tensile
strength
fc= 32MPa
ft= 0 . 6 f c = 3.39MPa (cl 6.1.1.2 p.38)

Stress = My/I
If = ft, then M=Mcr
Mcr = ft IT/y

Mcr = 3.39 3.98 10

9
= 52.1 kNm
259 10 6

Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams

250
3. Cracked State
Note: concrete below the NA is cracked
500
and does not contribute to the beam 4N24
strength

nAst= 7*1810 = 12670 mm2

2
(250d cr + 12670)d cr = 250d cr + 12670 * 500 dcr
2 NA
dcr2 + 101dcr - 50680 = 0 500

dcr= 101 + 101 + 4 50680 = 180 mm

2

2
n Ast

6
 Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beams
250
3. Cracked State
Icr = 250 180 + 250 180 90 2 + 12670 320 2
3
180
12 NA

= 1.78 mm4 320

60 10 6 180 nAst =12670

ct = = 6.07MPa
1.78 109

7 60 106 320
s = = 75.5MPa
1.78 109

Doubly-Reinforced
Concrete Beam
Similar to singly-reinforced concrete beam

b nAsc c fc
Cs
kd Cc
dsc Asc sc fsc/n
d
Ast nAst
T
s fs/n
cross section transformed strain linear force
section stress
block
T=Cs+Cc
Cs=Ascfsc Cc=b kd fc/2 T=Astfs