Ancient Greece and Rome - RIP, Western Roman Empire

18/11/2016 Achieve3000:Lesson
Printedby:IsabelleGorgeu
Printedon:November18,2016
AncientGreeceandRome:RIP,WesternRomanEmpire
BeforeReadingPoll
Thousandsofyearsago,manypartsoftheworldwereruledbyRome.Today,somecountrieshavemorepowerthan
others.Somepeopledonotbelievethisisright.Whatdoyouthink?
Noonecountryshouldhavemorepowerthananother.
Agree
Disagree
Explainwhyyouvotedthewayyoudid.
Ithinkthatnoonecountryshouldimposeitsvaluesystemonanother,noonecountryshould
imposeitseconomicsystemonanother.Butonthecontrary,everycountrywithitspeculiarities
shouldbeabletohelptheothers.
http://portal.achieve3000.com/kb/lesson/do_print?lid=15665&c=76&step=all&pagebreaks=1 1/19
Article
PART1
ROME(Achieve3000,476CE).ItbeganasasmallvillageontheItalian
peninsulaandgrewintoavastempire.Now,theRomanEmpireaswe
knowitisdead.Itswesternparthassurrenderedtoforcesbeyondits
control.Still,theRomanEmpirehaschangedtheworldforever.
Romewasfoundedin753BCEalongtheTiberRiver.There,hilly
countrysideprotectedtheyoungcityfromattack.WhenRomewasabout
150yearsold,itbecamearepublic.Adultmalecitizenshadthepowerto
vote.Variousbodiesofthegovernmentbalancedoneanother.
Romesoondevelopedapowerfulmilitaryandgrewbyconquering Photocredit:AP/WJLA
surroundinglands.Byabout130BCE,theRomanrepubliccontrolled TheColiseumwasbuiltattheheight
muchoftheMediterraneanSea.Soon,theempirewouldstretchfrom oftheRomanEmpire.
southernBritaininthewesttoAsiaMinorintheeast.In27BCE,the
republicofficiallybecameanempire.Mostofthepowerfellintothehandsofanemperor,whoruledforlife.
AsRomespreadacrossEurope,sodiditsculture.Thischangedthefaceofthecontinent.Centuriesearlier,the
Greekshadmadeimportantadvancesinscienceandarchitecture.TheRomansusedtheseadvancestohelptheir
empiredevelop.Forexample,RomanbuildingsusedcolumnsdevelopedinGreece.However,theRomansaddedtheir
owntouches.Thoseincludedtheuseofconcrete,whichmadeitpossiblefortheconstructionoflargebuildingssuch
astheColiseum.Theirunderstandingofengineering,alongwithadvancestheyhadtakenfromtheGreeks,allowedthe
Romanstobuildwellorganizedcities.Theybuiltwaterwaysincities.Theyalsoconstructedroadsandbridgesallover
theempire.Theseroadsandbridgesmadetransportationandtradeeasier.
Romebecameaverystrongempirewithanallpowerfulleader.InthesecondcenturyCE,however,thewesternpartof
theempirebegantoweaken.Someoftheemperorslackedtheskilltoleadwell.Thisledtorevoltsandaseriesofcivil
wars.Thisatmospheremadetradeunsafe.ThishurttheRomaneconomy.
Variousemperorsdidwhattheycouldtosavetheempire.In284CE,theemperorDiocletianthoughtthattheempire
hadbecometoovastforoneruler.Sohedecidedtosplittheempireintwo.Diocletianremainedtheleaderintheeast.
Hegavethewesternparttoanotheremperor,Maximilian.However,Diocletian'schangesdidnotachievetheirdesired
result.AshisrulecametoacloseinthebeginningofthethirdcenturyCE,theempireremainedunsafe.
In306CE,ConstantinetheGreatbecameemperor.Constantineintroducedmajorchanges.Someofthesechanges
mighthavespeduptheempire'sfall.In313CE,ConstantineofficiallypermittedChristianityintheempire.Many
citizensbelievedthatbyallowingChristianity,Constantinehadweakenedhisownpower.
In330CE,Constantineredividedthetwoempires.HecenteredthewesternpartaroundthecityofRome.Hecentered
theeasternpartaroundthenewlyfoundedcityofConstantinople.TheeastremainedstrongduringConstantine'srule.
Butthewestshiftedbetweenperiodsofpeaceandattacksbyoutsideforces.
AsRomecontinuedtoweaken,outsidegroupswatchedclosely.Thesegroupsthenlaunchedaseriesofattacks.
Theseattackswouldprovetoomuchforthealreadyweakenedempire.Inthethirdcentury,Germanictribesmovedinto
theWesternRomanEmpire.Othersgroupsalsoattackedtheeverweakeningempire.
In476CE,theemperorRomulusAugustuluswasfinallyoverthrown.Soon,theWesternRomanEmpirewasdead.
PART2
DigDeeper
Justwhowerethese"outsidegroups"thatinvadedthewesternpartoftheRomanEmpireandledtoitsdownfall?They
wereactuallyseveraldifferenttribes.Theirinvasionstookplaceoverhundredsofyears.Theycamefromthenortha
placetheRomanscalled"Germania."TheRomanscalledtheseoutsiders"barbarians."
Today,weassociatetheword"barbarian"withalackofcivility,ororder.ButtheGermanictribeshadorganized
governments.Theyhadchiefsandtribalassemblies.Theseassembliesmadeimportantpoliticaldecisions.
ToRomans,theGermanictribeswerenotcompleteoutsiders.Someofthetribeshadformeddiplomatictieswith
Rome.TheirmembersservedinRome'sarmy.Theyprotectedthebordersoftheempireagainstinvasions.In
exchange,Romepromisedtoprotecttheirdiplomaticpartners.Highrankingbarbariansalsoreceivedvaluablegifts
fromRome.ArchaeologistshavestudiedthebordersofwheretheRomanEmpireoncestood.Theyhavefound
artifactsthatarelinkedtobarbarians.Thisshowsthatmany"outsiders"actuallyspentalotoftimeinRome,long
beforeitsdownfall.
TheWesternRomanEmpirebegantoweakeninthesecondcenturyCE.ThisencouragedGermanictribestoinvade
theformerlypowerfulempire.TheGothswereoneGermanictribethatinvadedRome.TheGothsfirstattackedinthe
thirdcenturyCE.Overmanydecades,theGothsconqueredcitieswithintheempire.Historiansestimatethathundreds
ofthousandsofGothsmayhavebeeninvolvedintheinvasion.OtherGermanictribesthatinvadedtheempireinclude
theBurgundiansandtheVandals.
Theinvasionstooktheirtollontheempire.Romewasforcedtoexhaustitseconomicandmilitaryresourcestodefend
itself.TheRomanEmpirebecamesteadilyweaker,invitingevenmoreattacks.
Dictionary
diplomatic(adjective)havingtodowithkeepinggoodrelationsbetweentwoormoregroups
empire(noun)averylargeareaorgroupofcountriesorpeoplesruledbyoneleader,usuallyanemperor
organized(adjective)havingthingssetupwell,sothateachpartdoestherightjob
overthrow(verb)tobring(agovernmentorleader)downbyforce
peninsula(noun)apieceoflandthatisalmostcompletelysurroundedbywater,exceptforapartthatjoinstoalargerpieceof
land
republic(noun)aformofgovernmentwherepeoplevoteforleaders
Activity
PART1
Question1
Whichbestreplacesthequestionmarkintheboxabove?
TheWesternRomanEmpirewasweakenedandsurrenderedtoforcesbeyonditscontrol.
TheRomanEmpirebecametoovastforonerulertocontrolandwassplitintwo.
ManycitizensbelievedthatConstantinehadweakenedhisownpower.
ConstantinecenteredthewesternpartoftheempirearoundRome.
Question2
Supposethatthisarticlecouldhaveadifferenttitle.Thebestonewouldbe__________.
RomanEmpireSplitinTwobyEmperorDiocletian
TheRiseandFalloftheWesternRomanEmpire
SeriesofCivilWarsHurtsRomanEconomy
AHistoryofGreekAdvancesinScienceandArchitecture
Question3
Whicheventinthearticlehappenedlast?
Thisquestionasksaboutwheneventshappened.Itdoesnotaskwhereinthearticletheeventsappear.Lookbackat
thearticleforclues,suchasdates.
GermanictribesandothergroupsmovedintotheWesternRomanEmpire.
ConstantinetheGreatintroducedmajorchangesthatmayhavespedupRome'sfall.
TheRomansbeganmakinguseofGreekadvancesinscience.
TheemperorDiocletiansplittheempireintwo.
Question4
Whichtwowordsfromthearticlearetheclosestsynonyms?
Vastandpowerful
Permitandweaken
Columnandculture
Conquerandoverthrow
Question5
SupposethatOmarwantstolearnmoreabouttheMediterraneanSea.Hewouldfindmostofhisinformation__________.
OnaWebsiteaboutboatinginformation
Inatextbookaboutworldgeography
OnaWebsiteabouttheTiberRiver
InatextbookaboutRomanhistory
Question6
Thenewsarticlesaysallofthefollowingexcept__________.
TheemperorRomulusAugustuluswasoverthrownin476CE.
OutsidegroupswatchedcloselyasRomecontinuedtoweaken.
AweakenedRomaneconomyledtothefalloftheEasternRomanEmpire.
ManybelievedthatConstantinetheGreathadweakenedhisownpower.
Question7
Thearticlestates:
InthesecondcenturyCE,however,thewesternpartoftheempirebegantoweaken.Someofthe
emperorslackedtheskilltoleadwell.
Whichwouldbetheclosestantonymforthewordlacked?
Transferred
Irrigated
Affected
Possessed
Question8
Thearticlestates:
Theirunderstandingofengineering,alongwithadvancestheyhadtakenfromtheGreeks,allowedthe
Romanstobuildwellorganizedcities.Theybuiltwaterwaysincities.Theyalsoconstructedroadsand
bridgesallovertheempire.Theseroadsandbridgesmadetransportationandtradeeasier.
Whydidtheauthorincludethisinformation?
TodescribeoneofthereasonswhyRome'sleaderwasallpowerful
ToshowhowtheRomansusedGreekadvancestocreateastrongempire
TohelpthereaderunderstandwhatledtotheRomanEmpire'sfall
ToexplainwhyaweakeningtradehurttheRomaneconomy
RESULTS
Activity First Second

Try Try
1.
()
Whichbestreplacesthequestionmarkintheboxabove?()
2. Supposethatthisarticlecouldhaveadifferenttitle.Thebestonewouldbe__________.()
3. Whicheventinthearticlehappenedlast?
()
4. Whichtwowordsfromthearticlearetheclosestsynonyms?
()
5. SupposethatOmarwantstolearnmoreabouttheMediterraneanSea.Hewouldfindmosto
fhisinformation__________.
()
6. Thenewsarticlesaysallofthefollowingexcept__________.
()
7. Thearticlestates:
InthesecondcenturyCE,however,thewesternpartoftheempirebegantow
eaken.Someoftheemperorslackedtheskilltoleadwell.
()
Whichwouldbetheclosestantonymforthewordlacked?()
Theirunderstandingofengineering,alongwithadvancestheyhadtakenfrom
theGreeks,allowedtheRomanstobuildwellorganizedcities.Theybuiltwat
erwaysincities.Theyalsoconstructedroadsandbridgesallovertheempire.
Theseroadsandbridgesmadetransportationandtradeeasier.
()
Whydidtheauthorincludethisinformation?()
ActivityScore 88% 88%
AfterReadingPoll
Nowthatyouhavereadthearticle,indicatewhetheryouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement.
Noonecountryshouldhavemorepowerthananother.
Agree
Disagree
ThoughtQuestion
DescribetheeventsthatledtotheweakeningofthewesternpartoftheRomanEmpire.Whatroledidbarbariansplayin
itsfall?Useinformationfromthelessoninyouranswer.
Typeyouranswerinthetextboxbelow.
PollResults
OPINIONSTATEMENT:Noonecountryshouldhavemorepowerthananother.
BEFOREREADING AFTERREADING
HOWYOUVOTED
Agree Agree
Disagree Disagree
Youdidnotchangeyouropinionafterreadingthearticles.
Click here(javascript:void(0))toseetheresponseyouwrotebeforereading.
WORLDWIDERESULTS
Agree 70% Agree 69%
Disagree 30% Disagree 31%
20%changedtheiropinionafterreadingthearticle.
Math
PART1
ThedistancefromRometoConstantinopleis1,373.7kilometers.Whatisthisdistanceinmiles?Roundyouranswerto
thenearesthundredthofamile.
1mile=1.61kilometers
2,211.66mi.
853.23mi.
837.96mi.
1,184.22mi.
RESULTS
Activity First Second

Try Try
1. ThedistancefromRometoConstantinopleis1,373.7kilometers.Whatisthisdistanceinm
iles?Roundyouranswertothenearesthundredthofamile.()
StretchArticle
PART1
ROME(Achieve3000,476CE).ItbeganasasmallvillageontheItalian
peninsulaandexpandedintoavastrealmthatspannedthousandsof
milestotheeast,west,andsouth.Itshapedthepolitical,military,and
culturallandscapeformillionsofpeople.TheRomanEmpireasweknowit
isnowdeaditswesternpartsubmittingtoforcesbeyonditscontrol.
However,itleavesbehindasubstantialandlastinglegacy.
Romewasfoundedin753BCEalongtheTiberRiver.There,hilly
countrysideprotectedtheyoungcityfrominvasion.WhenRomewas
about150yearsold,itbecamearepublic.Adultmalecitizenshadthe
powertovoteandparticipateingovernment.Variousbodiesofthe Photocredit:AP/WJLA
governmentbalancedoneanother,sothatnone,atleastintheory,could
TheColiseum,afeatofRoman
betoopowerful.
engineering,wasconstructedatthe
heightoftheRomanEmpire.
Romesoondevelopedanimposingmilitaryandexpandedgeographically
byconqueringsurroundinglands.Byabout130BCE,theRomanrepublicdominatedtheMediterraneanSea.Itwould
eventuallystretchfromSpainandsouthernBritaininthewesttoAsiaMinorintheeast.In27BCE,therepublic
officiallybecameanempire,withthebulkofthepowerfallingintothehandsofanemperor,whoruledforlife.
AsRomespreadacrossEurope,sodiditsculture,ultimatelychangingthefaceofthecontinent.Centuriesearlier,the
Greekshadmadeimportantadvancementsinscienceandarchitecture,advancementsthattheRomansappliedtohelp
theirempireflourish.Forexample,RomanbuildingsusedcolumnsandotherfeaturesdevelopedinGreece,butthe
Romansaddedtheirowntouches.Thoseincludedtheuseofconcrete,whichmadeitpossiblefortheconstructionof
largestructuressuchastheColiseum.Theirunderstandingofengineering,alongwithscientificadvancementsthey
hadinheritedfromtheGreeks,enabledtheRomanstobuildsewersystemsandwaterwaysincities,andtoconstruct
roadsandbridgesthroughouttheempire.Theseroadsandbridgesmadetransportationeasier.Theyalsoenabledthe
exportofgrains,meat,andwool,andtheimportofsilksandspicesfromAsia.
Atitsheight,Romewasapotent,influentialrealmwithanallpowerfulleader.InthesecondcenturyCE,however,the
westernpartoftheempirebegantoweaken.Someoftheemperorslackedthecompetencetoleadeffectively.Thisled
toconfusioninthearmy,whichinturnledtomutiniesandaseriesofcivilwars.Theviolentatmospheremadetrade
unsafe.Thismeantreducedcommerceandaweakenedeconomy.
Variousemperorsdidwhattheycouldtosavetheempire.In284CE,theemperorDiocletiandecidedthattheempire
hadbecometoovastforonerulerandsplittheempireintwo.Diocletianremainedatthehelmintheeastandassigned
thewesternparttoanotheremperor,Maximilian.However,Diocletian'sreformsdidnotachievetheirdesiredresult.As
hisrulecametoacloseinthebeginningofthethirdcenturyCE,theempireremainedunstable.
In306CE,ConstantinetheGreatbecameemperor.Constantineimplementedmajorchanges,someofwhichmight
havehastenedtheempire'sfall.In313CE,ConstantineshockedmanycitizensbyofficiallypermittingChristianityin
theempire.Priortothistime,theemperorwasbelievedtobeadeity.Manycitizensbelievedthatbyembracing
Christianity,Constantinehadcompromisedhissupremepower.In330CE,Constantineredividedthetwoempires.He
centeredthewesternpartaroundthecapitalcityofRome.Hecenteredtheeasternpartaroundthenewlyfoundedcity
ofConstantinople,whichtheemperornamedafterhimself.TheeastremainedstrongthroughoutConstantine'sreign.
Butthewestwaveredbetweenperiodsofrelativepeaceandprosperityandinvasionsbybarbarians.
AsRomecontinuedtoweaken,outsidegroupswatchedclosely.Theywaitedfortheiropportunitytoattack.These
groupsthenlaunchedaseriesofinvasions.Thesewouldeventuallyprovefatalforthealreadyweakenedempire.Inthe
thirdcentury,GermanictribesmovedintotheWesternRomanEmpire.Othersgroupsalsoinvadedtheeverweakening
empire.
Intheyear476CE,theemperorRomulusAugustuluswasfinallyoverthrown.Whilethisalonedidnotcausethedeath
oftheWesternRomanEmpire,itlikelyhastenedit.
Meanwhile,theEasternRomanEmpirehaswithstoodsimilarattacks.Whatwillbeitsfate?
PART2
DigDeeper
Justwhowerethese"outsidegroups"thatinvadedthewesternpartoftheRomanEmpireandhasteneditsdownfall?
Theywereactuallyseveraldifferenttribes,andtheirinvasionstookplaceoverhundredsofyears.Theycamefromthe
northaplacetheRomanscalled"Germania."TheRomanscollectivelytermedtheseoutsiders"barbarians."
Whiletodayweassociatetheword"barbarian"withalackofcivility,ororder,theGermanictribesdidhave
governments,someofthemsimilartorepublics.Theyhadchiefsdecidedbyeitherelectionorheredity,dependingon
thetribeaswellastribalassembliesthatmadeimportantpoliticaldecisions.
ToRomans,theGermanictribeswerenotcompleteoutsiders.Someofthetribeshadformeddiplomatictieswith
Rome.TheirmembersservedinRome'sarmy,protectingthebordersoftheempireagainstinvasionsbyothertribes.In
exchange,Romepromisedtoprotecttheirdiplomaticpartners.Highrankingbarbariansalsoreceivedvaluablegifts
fromRome.ArchaeologistshavefoundartifactsthatarelinkedtobarbarianswithinthebordersofwheretheRoman
Empireoncestood,indicatingthatmanyofthese"outsiders"actuallyspentagooddealoftimeinRome,longbefore
itsdownfall.
Asyoureadin"RIP,WesternRomanEmpire,"theempirebegantoweakeninthesecondcenturyCE.Forsomeofthe
Germanictribes,thiswasaninvitationtoinvadeandconquerthelandslongheldbytheformerlypowerfulempire.The
Goths,aGermanictribewhommanyhistoriansbelievedoriginatedinwhatisnowSweden,firstattackedinthethird
centuryCE.Overmanydecades,theGothsconqueredcitieswithintheempire.Historiansestimatethathundredsof
thousandsofGothsmayhavebeeninvolvedintheinvasion.OtherGermanictribesthatinvadedtheempireincludethe
BurgundiansandtheVandals.
TheinvasionsintoRometooktheirtollontheempire,whichwasforcedtoexhaustitseconomicandmilitaryresources
todefenditself.TheRomanEmpirebecamesteadilyweaker,invitingevenmoreattacks.
Dictionary
deity(noun)godorgoddess
imposing(adjective)impressiveorthreatening
legacy(noun)somethinghandeddowntoanewgeneration
potent(adjective)strongpowerful
republic(noun)aformofgovernmentwherepeoplevoteforleaders
StretchActivity
PART1
Question1
Accordingtothearticle,whatisonereasonwhytheWesternRomanEmpirebegantoweakeninthesecondcenturyCE?
TheRomanstriedtoaddtheirowntouchestothescientificadvancementstheyhadinheritedfrom
theGreeks.
SomeoftheRomanemperorslackedthecompetencetoleadeffectively.
TheRomanemperorRomulusAugustuluswasoverthrown.
ConstantinetheGreatshockedpeoplebyembracingChristianityandcompromisinghissupreme
power.
Question2
Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?
Aftermanyyearsofgrowthandpower,thewesternpartoftheRomanEmpirecollapsedin476CE.
TheRomanssetupdifferentbodiesofthegovernmenttobalanceoneanother,sothatnonecould
betoopowerful.
TheRomanEmpireflourishedafter27BCE,thankstoscientificadvancementsinheritedfromthe
Greeks.
In306CE,ConstantinetheGreatbecameemperorandimplementedmajorchanges,someof
whichhastenedtheempire'sfall.
Question3
Whicheventinthearticlehappenedsecond?
Thisquestionasksaboutwheneventshappened.Itdoesnotaskwhereinthearticletheeventsappear.Lookbackat
thearticleforclues,suchasdates.
GermanictribesmovedintotheWesternRomanEmpire.
ConstantinecenteredtheeasternpartoftheempirearoundthecityofConstantinople.
DiocletianassignedthewesternpartoftheempiretoMaximilian.
Romebecamearepublicinwhichadultmalecitizenscouldparticipateingovernment.
Question4
Whichistheclosestantonymforthewordpotent?
Intellectual
Oppressive
Feeble
Civic
Question5
SupposethatStephanowantstolearnmoreabouttheColiseum.Hewouldfindmostofhisinformation__________.
InadatabaseofGreekarchitecture
Inathesaurusundertheword"column"
InabookaboutRomanfeatsofengineering
InahistorytextbookaboutRomancommerce
Question6
Whichofthesestatementsiscontrarytotheideaspresentedinthisarticle?
AfterRomulusAugustuluswasoverthrownin476CE,Romebecamearepublicinwhichadult
malecitizenscouldvote.
TheGreekshadmadeimportantadvancementsinscienceandarchitecturethattheRomans
appliedtohelptheirempireflourish.
Priorto313CE,manycitizensoftheRomanEmpirebelievedthatConstantinetheGreatwasa
deity.
AsRomespreadacrossEurope,sodiditsculture,ultimatelychangingthefaceofthecontinent.
Question7
Thearticlestates:
Earlierthisyear,476CE,theemperorRomulusAugustuluswasfinallyoverthrown.Whilethisalonedid
notcausethedeathoftheWesternRomanEmpire,itlikelyhastenedit.
Whichwouldbetheclosestsynonymforthewordhastened?
Accelerated
Prophesied
Obstructed
Dismissed
Question8
Theauthor'spurposeforwritingthisarticlewasto__________.
TeachreadersaboutthelastingRomanlegacies,suchasorganizedsystemsofsewers,waterways,
androads
DescribetheriseandfallofConstantinetheGreat
TeachreadersabouttheviolentcivilwarsthatharmedtheRomanEmpire'seconomyduringthe
secondcentury
DescribetheriseandfalloftheRomanEmpire
RESULTS
First Second
Activity
Try Try
1. Accordingtothearticle,whatisonereasonwhytheWesternRomanEmpirebegantoweak
eninthesecondcenturyCE?()
2. Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?()
3. Whicheventinthearticlehappenedsecond?
()
4. Whichistheclosestantonymforthewordpotent?
()
5. SupposethatStephanowantstolearnmoreabouttheColiseum.Hewouldfindmostofhisi
nformation__________.()
6. Whichofthesestatementsiscontrarytotheideaspresentedinthisarticle?
()
Earlierthisyear,476CE,theemperorRomulusAugustuluswasfinallyoverthr
own.WhilethisalonedidnotcausethedeathoftheWesternRomanEmpire,i
tlikelyhastenedit.
()
Whichwouldbetheclosestsynonymforthewordhastened?()
8. Theauthor'spurposeforwritingthisarticlewasto__________.()

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18/11/2016 Achieve3000:Lesson

Activity First Second

ActivityScore 88% 88%

Agree 70% Agree 69%

Disagree 30% Disagree 31%

Activity First Second

ActivityScore 100% 100%

ActivityScore 88% 100%

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