Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition

Chapter 4 Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The main function of neutrophils is to do which of the following:

A. Release chemical substances to kill cells

B. Remembering the chemical structure of the foreign material
C. Engulf and digest foreign materials
D. Produce antibodies in response to foreign material

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

2. Fatty change within the body occurs in the following forms:

I. Glycogen storage
II. Hyaline
III. Hemochromatosis
IV. Brown Atrophy

A. I, II, and IV
B. I, III, and IV
C. II, III, and IV
D. All of the above

Ans: D

3. Mast cells contain histamine and other vasoactive amines important in the
inflammatory response. When mast cells release these mediators, what is the
response in the body?

A. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

B. Inhibit kinin from becoming bradykinin
C. Initiate the coagulation cascade
D. Trigger cytokines to down-regulate inflammation

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: A

4. Which of the following differences between transudative and exudative effusions

are correct?
I. Transudative effusions will have a high protein count
II. Transudative effusions are the result of decreased osmotic pressure
III. Exudative effusions will have a low protein count
IV. Exudative effusions are the result of increased osmotic pressure

A. I and II
B. II and IV
C. I, II, and III
D. I, III, and IV
E. All of the above

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: B

5. Examples of lesions associated with an inflammatory response include:

A. Abscesses
B. Cellulitis
C. Ulcers
D. Furuncles
E. All of the above

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: E

6. An organ is composed of:

A. Tissue
B. Parenchymal cells
C. Both
D. Neither

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

7. Necrosis is a term for cell:

A. Death
B. Degeneration
C. Inflammation
D. Atrophy

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: A

8. Cell death that is scheduled is called:

A. Degeneration
B. Atrophy
C. Pyknosis
D. Apoptosis

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: D

9. Which of the following is least likely to cause atrophy?

A. Disuse
B. Senility
C. Fatty change
D. Pressure

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

10. The leukocyte that arrives first from the blood at the site of acute inflammation is
the:

A. Mast cell
B. Macrophage
C. Lymphocyte
D. Neutrophil

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: D

11. Fibrin is the end-product of which of the following chemical systems of

inflammation?

A. Kinin
B. Arachadonate
C. Coagulation
D. Complement

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

12. Which of the following is not associated with chronic inflammation?

A. Granuloma
B. Granulation tissue
C. Purulent exudates
D. Delayed hypersensitivity

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

13. Healing in a tissue or organ in which function is fully restored is called:

A. First intention
B. Second intention
C. Regeneration
D. Fibrosis

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

14. The bodys attempt to isolate or wall-off an infection is best exemplified by an:

A. Abscess
B. Granuloma
C. Both
D. Neither

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: C

15. A patient who has abnormal infiltrates in the lungs on radiographic images has a
lung biopsy performed. The pathologist looking at the biopsy sees the tissue
infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Which of
the following best describes the process in the lung tissue:

A. Acute inflammation
B. Suppurative inflammation
C. Chronic inflammation
D. Allergy
E. Granulomatous inflammation

Ans: C

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

16. Systemic mastocytosis is a disease in which mast cells proliferate. Given your
knowledge of mast cells, which of the following do you think patients with
systemic mastocytosis are most susceptible to:

A. developing pulmonary thromboemboli

B. developing recurrent episdoes of anaphylaxis
C. developing recurrent bacterial infections
D. developing recurrent bleeding episodes
E. developing chronic inflammation in various tissues

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans: B

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

17. A college student develops severe abdominal pain and is diagnosed with acute
appendicitis. What will the surgeon most likely see when she looks into the
student's abdomen?

A. The appendix is red, swollen and covered with fibrinous debris

B. The appendix contains numerous granulomas
C. The appendix has undergone gangrenous necrosis
D. The appendix is involved with serous inflammation
E. The appendix has undergone healing by second intention

Ans: A

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

18. Which of the following is NOT an example of dystrophic calcification?

A. A patient with a history of numerous bouts of acute pancreatitis has gritty,

chalky calcified debris around the pancreas
B. There are calcifications in breast tissue within a large area of carcinoma.
C. A patient with disordered calcium homeostasis due to primary
hyperparathyroidism has calcifications in the kidneys
D. An old granuloma has a calcified center.

Ans: C

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

19. A child suffers from strep throat. Which of the following will most likely NOT
be activated in the course of her illness?

A. The complement cascade

B. Healing by first intention
C. Histamine release
D. The production of antibodies
E. Arachidonic acid metabolism

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Ans. B

True/False

20. Regeneration is the replacement of the destroyed tissue by cells similar to those
previously present.

Ans: True

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

21. Fibrous connective tissue repair replaces damaged tissue and restores original
function.

Ans: False

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Matching

22. Match the type of necrosis with its likely cause.

_____Caseous
_____Enzymatic
_____Coagulation
_____Liquefaction

A. Ischemia
B. M. tuberculosis
C. Pancreatic injury
D. Pyogenic bacteria

Ans: B, C, A, D

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Loeffler & Hart: Introduction to Human Disease, Sixth Edition
Chapter 4 Test Bank

Short Answer

23. Briefly discuss the difference between metastatic and dystrophic calcification.

Ans: Metastatic calcification is the accumulation of calcium in normal tissues.

Dystrophic calcification is calcium taken on by dying cells that remains in the
area of necrosis.

24. Distinguish between healing by primary and secondary union.

Ans: Primary union is when the edges of a wound are approximated by tape or
suture. Secondary union is when a greater injury is present, and there is a
proliferation of granulation tissue and capillaries and fibroblasts.

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