2017

Water Treatment
Mangosuthu University
Of Technology

MANGOSUTHU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SIKHAKHANE LN 21507227
 1.

2.
2.1 Coagulation is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood
clot.

2.2 Flocculation The process by which individual particles of clay aggregate into clot like
masses or precipitate into small lumps.

2.3 Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which
they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier.

2.4 Filtration the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the
use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles.

2.5 Disinfection the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical, in order to
destroy bacteria.

3.
3.1 Chlorine is added to public water supplies to kill disease-causing pathogens, such as
bacteria, viruses, and protozoans, that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls
of water mains and in storage tanks.
 3.2 Potassium permanganate is a point-of-entry treatment method that oxidizes dissolved iron,
manganese, and hydrogen sulfide into solid particles that are filtered out of the water.

3.3 Activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical adsorption

3.4 Lime is added to raw water to remove hardness (calcium and magnesium) ions by
precipitation.

3.5 Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of

montmorillonite

3.6 coagulant is added to water to "destabilize" colloidal suspensions

4.
a) Clarifier

The purpose of a clarifier is to remove solids, produce a cleaner effluent and concentrate solids.
Clarifiers work on the principle of gravity settling. The heavier suspended solids settle in the
clarifier due to the quiescent conditions provided in the Clarification zone. The settled solids
are swept to the centre well provided for collection of sludge with help of moving scraper
blades.

b) Filter

Filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal.
Filtering, chemical filtration, involves passing water through an active material that removes
impurities chemically as they pass through a filter medium.
5.

5.1 Domestic uses of water

Drinking
preparing food
bathing
washing clothes and dishes
brushing your teeth
watering the yard and garden

5.2 Industrial uses of water

Industrial water is used for:

fabricating
processing
washing
diluting
cooling
transporting a product

Water is also used by:

smelting facilities
petroleum refineries
industries producing chemical products, food, and paper products.
References:

https://www.britannica.com/science/filtration-chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination
articles.extension.org/pages/31569/drinking-water-treatment-potassium-permanganate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_filtering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite
www.explainthatstuff.com/howwaterfilterswork.html
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/wudo.html
www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/industrial/index.html