1.

During inspiration the

pressure in the
lungs increases.

True
A)

False
B)

2 During expiration, ________ pressure in the thoracic cavity causes air to leave the lungs.

increased
A)

decreased
B)

vacuum
C)

hydraulic
D)

3 Air passing along the respiratory tract is ________.

filtered
A)

warmed
B)

moistened with water

C)

all of the above

D)

4 In the nose, the cilia beat upward carrying mucus and dust.

True
A)

False
B)

5 As air moves out during expiration, it cools and loses its moisture.

True
A)

False
B)

6 The human nose contains _____ nasal cavities.

one
A)

two
B)
 four
C)

eight
D)

7 The nasal cavities empty into the _________.

larynx
A)

glottis
B)

trachea
C)

nasopharynx
D)

epiglottis
E)

8 The moist membranes of the respiratory tract are protected by ________.

a dry epidermal surface

A)

cartilage rings
B)

mucus and cilia

C)

roving macrophages from the lymphatic system

D)

acidic glands
E)

9 The ________ lead(s) from the nasopharynx to the middle ears.

larynx
A)

glottis
B)

trachea
C)

epiglottis
D)

auditory tubes
E)

10 The trachea lies behind or dorsal to the esophagus.

True
A)
 False
B)

11 The esophagus opens only during ________.

inhaling
A)

exhaling
B)

speaking
C)

swallowing
D)

12 The epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx.

True
A)

False
B)

13 The ________ is the voice box.

larynx
A)

glottis
B)

trachea
C)

epiglottis
D)

eustachian or auditory tubes

E)

14 The ________ is held open by cartilaginous rings.

larynx
A)

glottis
B)

trachea
C)

epiglottis
D)

eustachian tubes
E)

15 Inserting a tube by way of an incision made in the trachea is called a ________.

 tonsillectomy
A)

hysterectomy
B)

tracheostomy
C)

lobotomy
D)

appendectomy
E)

16 The trachea divides into two ________.

turbinates
A)

nasal passages
B)

subtrachea
C)

bronchi
D)

auditory or eustachian tubes

E)

17 The bronchi lead into the right and left ________.

larynx
A)

glottis
B)

trachea
C)

lungs
D)

auditory or eustachian tubes

E)

18 The bronchi branch into smaller passages called ________.

alveoli
A)

bronchioles
B)

microtrachea
C)

bronchiettes
D)
 auditory or eustachian tubes
E)

19 Each bronchiole terminates in a space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called ________.

alveoli
A)

bronchioles
B)

microtrachea
C)

pleural membranes
D)

auditory or eustachian tubes

E)

20 During an asthma attack the bronchioles dilate.

True
A)

False
B)

21 The right lung has ________ lobes and the left lung has ________ lobe(s).

two, one
A)

two, three
B)

three, two
C)

four, three
D)

22 Each alveolar sac is surrounded by ________.

arteries
A)

veins
B)

capillaries
C)

primarily lymphatic ducts

D)

23 Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath.

True
A)
 False
B)

24 Respiration includes _____________.

breathing
A)

external respiration
B)

internal respiration
C)

cellular respiration
D)

all of the above

E)

25 The amount of air moved in and out with each breath is called the __________.

vital capacity
A)

tidal volume
B)

residual volume
C)

dead space
D)

ventilation rate
E)

26 Air remaining in the lungs after very deep breathing is called the ________.

vital capacity
A)

tidal volume
B)

residual volume
C)

dead space
D)

ventilation rate
E)

27 Residual volume is vital in providing a reservoir for gas exchange.

True
A)

False
B)
28 The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath is called the _________.

vital capacity
A)

tidal volume
B)

residual volume
C)

dead space
D)

ventilation rate
E)

29 Most of the ribs are hinged to the vertebral column at the back and to the ________ at the front.

ventricles
A)

sternum
B)

pleural membranes
C)

diaphragm
D)

30 The ________ forms the floor of the thoracic cavity.

ventricle
A)

sternum
B)

pleural membrane
C)

diaphragm
D)

31 The lungs are enclosed by the ________ .

alveolar integument
A)

bronchiole membranes
B)

pleural membranes
C)

diaphragm
D)

sternum
E)
32 In its relaxed state, the diaphragm is _____________.

horizontally flattened
A)

vertically flattened
B)

folded like a map

C)

V-shaped like a set mousetrap

D)

dome-shaped.
E)

33 As the thoracic cavity increases in size, the lungs expand and air rushes in.

True
A)

False
B)

34 Inspiration is the passive phase of breathing.

True
A)

False
B)

35 During inspiration the following occurs:

diaphragm muscles contract.

A)

rib muscles contract.

B)

the lungs expand and air rushes in.

C)

all of the above.

D)

36 Humans breathe by negative pressure.

True
A)

False
B)

37 The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are ________ when expiration occurs.

contracted
A)
 relaxed
B)

flexed
C)

both relaxed (diaphragm) and flexed (intercostal muscles)

D)

38 The respiratory center is located in the ________.

individual body muscles that use up oxygen

A)

alveoli
B)

medulla oblongata
C)

diaphragmatic center
D)

pleural center
E)

39 The primary stimulus or stimuli for the respiratory center is/are _________.

carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

A)

oxygen gas levels in the blood

B)

oxygen gas levels in the hemoglobin

C)

conscious feeling for the need for more oxygen

D)

40 The respiratory center is directly affected by low oxygen levels.

True
A)

False
B)

41 Chemical receptors in carotid bodies respond to _____.

hydrogen ion concentration

A)

levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

B)

levels of oxygen in the blood

C)

all of the above

D)
42 When blood levels of carbon dioxide rise, the rate and depth of breathing _________.

decreases
A)

increases
B)

stays the same

C)

stops
D)

43 The respiratory center sends out nerve impulses to the _________ .

control center in the brain

A)

muscles of the body that regulate use of oxygen

B)

diaphragm and rib cage

C)

carotid and aortic bodies

D)

44 During ________ respiration, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs.

internal
A)

external
B)

aerobic cellular
C)

circulatory
D)

45 During internal respiration, hemoglobin gives up carbon dioxide to the cells.

True
A)

False
B)

46 A small amount of hemoglobin aids in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs.

True
A)

False
B)

47 ________ refers to the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.
 Internal respiration
A)

External respiration
B)

Aerobic cellular respiration

C)

Circulatory respiration
D)

48 The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar air and blood is governed by ________.

gravity
A)

blood pressure
B)

diffusion
C)

active transport
D)

49 Blood flowing into lung capillaries has a higher concentration of _________ than atmospheric air.

oxygen
A)

both carbon dioxide and oxygen

B)

water
C)

carbon dioxide
D)

50 Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into the alveoli.

True
A)

False
B)

51 Blood comes into the pulmonary capillaries as oxygenated and alveolar air is deoxygenated.

True
A)

False
B)

52 Most of the carbon dioxide is being carried as ________ ions as blood enters the pulmonary capillaries.

deoxyhemoglobin
A)
 carbaminohemoglobin
B)

bicarbonate
C)

oxyhemoglobin
D)

53 Hb is called reduced hemoglobin.

True
A)

False
B)

54 Hemoglobin retains oxygen and tends to release it in the ________.

bloodstream
A)

lungs
B)

heart
C)

tissues
D)

55 Hemoglobin takes up oxygen more readily in the warm temperatures and acidic pH of the lungs.

True
A)

False
B)

56 ________ refers to the exchange of gases between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary
capillaries.

Internal respiration
A)

External respiration
B)

Aerobic cellular respiration

C)

Circulatory respiration
D)

57 During external respiration in the lungs ___________.

carbon dioxide leaves the blood

A)
oxygen enters the blood
 B)

carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood
C)

carbon dioxide enters the blood and oxygen leaves the blood
D)

58 Blood in systemic capillaries is bright red because ________.

red cells lack oxyhemoglobin

A)

red cells contain oxyhemoglobin

B)

red cells contain carbon dioxide

C)

oxyhemoglobin in plasma is redder

D)

59 Oxygen diffuses out of blood into tissues because ___________.

oxygen concentration of tissue fluid is lower

A)

carbon dioxide concentration of tissue fluid is lower

B)

carbon dioxide concentration of tissue fluid is higher

C)

the oxygen concentration of blood is lower

D)

60 Cells continuously use up oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration.

True
A)

False
B)

61 ________ is formed when hemoglobin takes up carbon dioxide.

Deoxyhemoglobin
A)

Carbaminohemoglobin
B)

Sodium bicarbonate
C)

Oxyhemoglobin
D)

62 Most of the carbon dioxide combines with ________ forming carbonic acid.
hemoglobin
 A)

oxygen
B)

water
C)

sodium bicarbonate
D)

63 Carbonic acid dissociates into ________.

carbon dioxide and water

A)

bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

B)

carbon and acid

C)

sodium and bicarbonate salts

D)

64 HHb occurs when the globin portion of hemoglobin combines with excess ________ ions.

carbon dioxide
A)

bicarbonate
B)

hydrogen
C)

sodium
D)

65 HHb is called ________ hemoglobin.

oxidized
A)

hydrated
B)

reduced
C)

hyper
D)

66 Bicarbonate ions are carried mostly __________.

by red blood cell membranes

A)

in the plasma
B)
by white blood cells
 C)

by hemoglobin
D)

67 Blood leaving the tissue capillaries is bright red because red blood cells contain reduced hemoglobin.

True
A)

False
B)

68 Acute bronchitis usually is caused by a secondary bacterial infection of the bronchi.

True
A)

False
B)

69 Chronic bronchitis is caused by __________.

a bacterial infection
A)

a viral infection
B)

constant irritation of the lining of the bronchi

C)

70 Strep throat is a viral infection.

True
A)

False
B)

71 Tuberculosis cannot be treated by antibiotics.

True
A)

False
B)

72 Smoking destroys the cilia and is one cause of chronic bronchitis.

True
A)

False
B)

73 Pneumonia is caused by ________.

bacteria
 A)

viruses
B)

the protozoan Pneumocystis carinii in AIDS patients

C)

all of the above can cause pneumonia

D)

74 Pneumonia in AIDS patients who have a compromised immune system is caused by a protozoan.

True
A)

False
B)

75 Tuberculosis causes the alveoli to burst and the alveoli are replaced by connective tissue.

True
A)

False
B)

76 Lack of oxygen to the brain can make the person feel ________.

sleepy
A)

depressed, sluggish and irritable

B)

hyperactive
C)

like gasping for air

D)

77 Inhaling particles such as silica, coal dust and asbestos can lead to ________.

pneumonia
A)

tuberculosis
B)

pulmonary fibrosis
C)

all of the above

D)

78 The event(s) involved in the formation of lung cancer is/are _________.

callusing of cells lining the bronchi

A)
loss of cilia
B)

formation of cells with atypical nuclei

C)

all of the above

D)