LBYCVN1 PROBLEM 1- Roots of Nonlinear Equations

See, Brent J.
ABSTRACT: Case 1 requires finding the roots of a nonlinear equation relating to a Hydraulics
problem. This root is the nominal depth of an open channel system with a rectangular cross-
2 1
1
sectional area. Mannings equation, = 3 2 is used in getting the nominal depth, where =

. With the given values b = 15m, Q = 22m3/s, S = 0.00025, and n = 0.013, the equation is

transformed in a form of a function. Using MATLAB, the roots of this function are obtained as
well as its nonlinear graph. Another condition is when the value of b varies from 10m to 40m at
an increment of 5. The graphs of these different functions are plot in on graph for comparing the
effect of b to the equation. The last graph required in this program is the d vs b graph for constant
Q. The effect of b is discussed in the later part off this report.
KEYWORDS: Mannings Equations; nominal depth; graphs

1. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
1.1 Theory
Mannings equation is only one of many ways in solving the flowrate in an open channel
flow. This is also applicable in a piping system where the water inside the pipe does not occupy
the whole pipe. The roughness to be considered and the losses in a pipping system are different
compared to an open channel system. In an open channel, only the wetted perimeter and area are
considered. Since it is an open channel, roughness and slope are the factors that allows the water
to flow. These factors affect the velocity of the water flow. The following conditions helps the
calculation to be more accurate: straight for at least 200ft, uniform cross-sectional area, slope and
roughness (Chanson, 2004).
1.2 Derivation
Q = VA



=
~ = ( )

1 2 1
= 3 2

Where: k ~ conversion factor (k = 1 for SI units)
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The program does not require the user to enter any values in finding the root of the function.
The program will produce the values of d for varying values of b. It will also produce the graphs
of the functions with varying values of b. The program does not have any requirement or condition
with the structure of the code.
2.1 Illustrations
 Figure 1 and 2 shows the result from the original function with b=15m. There are two
possible graphs in this function depending on the way the equation was transposed. By following
the professors way in getting the function, the graph resulted to be negative. When the equation
was transposed differently, we obtained a positive graph with the same values with the graph in
Figure 2.

Figure 1. Value of d, when b=15m

Figure 2. Graph of F (15), when b=15m

Figure 3 shows the values or roots of the equation when b varies from 10 to 40m at an
increment of 5m. Figure 4 shows its graph for each equation similar to the previous one.
 Figure 3. Values of d, when b varies

Figure 4. Graph of F(b), when b varies

Lastly, Figure 5 is a graph of d vs b. it illustrates the effect of b with the value of d.

 Figure 5. Graph of d vs b for constant
2.2 Equations
Q = 22m3/s (flowrate)
n = 0.013 (roughness coefficient)
R=A/P (hydraulic radius)
S = 0.00025 (slope)
b = 15m (width)
A = bd (cross-sectional area)
Function used in MATLAB:
2
1
1 15 3
22 = (15) (0.013) (2+15) (0.00025)2 (1)
2
3
22 = 110.963 (2+15) f (2)
 5
3
0.198264 = 2 (3)
(2+15)3

References
Chanson, H. (2004). Fundamentals of open channel flows. Environmental Hydraulics for Open
Channel Flows,11-34. doi:10.1016/b978-075066165-2/50034-5

APPENDIX
Script 1
fplot(22-(15*d/0.013)*(15*d/(2*d+15))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0,5])
F=@(d)22-(15*d/0.013)*(15*d/(2*d+15))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2);
Fzero(F,10)

Script 2
for b = 10:5:40
F=@(d)22-(15*d/0.013)*(15*d/(2*d+15))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2);
a = fzero(F,1)
fprintf(for b = %.2f d=%.2f\n, b, fzero(F,1));
fplot
end
fplot(22-(10*d/0.013)*(10*d/(2*d+10))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], r)
hold on
fplot(22-(15*d/0.013)*(15*d/(2*d+15))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], c)
hold on
fplot(22-(20*d/0.013)*(20*d/(2*d+20))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], k)
hold on
fplot(22-(25*d/0.013)*(25*d/(2*d+25))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], g)
hold on
fplot(22-(30*d/0.013)*(30*d/(2*d+30))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], b)
hold on
fplot(22-(35*d/0.013)*(35*d/(2*d+35))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], y)
hold on
fplot(22-(40*d/0.013)*(40*d/(2*d+40))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2),[0 5], m)
hold on
legend(b=10, b=15, b=20, b=25, b=30, b=35, b=40,)
title(F(d) vs b(varies))

Script 3
for b = 10:5:40
F=@(d)22-(b*d/0.013)*(b*d/(2*d+b))^(2/3)*0.00025^(1/2);
a = fzero(F,1);
plot (b, a, o);
title(Nominal Depth (d) vs Channel Width (b) Graph)
xlabel(Channel Width (b))
ylabel(Nominal Depth (d))
hold on;
end