ANATOMY: QUIZ 1
last molar.
Skull- refers to the entire skeleton
of the head and the face, including the
mandible
Cranium- refers to the skull minus the
Mandible
Calvaria-refers to the skull after
the bones of the face have been removed
serrated bony seams- sutures
coronal suture- suture that unites
the frontal to the 2 parietal bones runs across
the skull from side to side in a crownlike
arrangement
lambdoid suture-suture which unites the
occipital to the
2 parietal bones resembles the Greek capital
letter lambda which looks like an inverted "V"
Sagitta
means arrow, and the lambdoid suture
and the sagittal suture, with the anterior
fontanelle,
have a definite resemblance to an arrow.
Bregma-meeting point between the coronal
and the sagittal sutures
lambda-point at which the sagittal and the
lambdoid
sutures meet
vertex-highest point of the skull, is on the
sagittal
suture near its middle
parietal foramen-small opening present on
either side of
the sagittal suture
bony palate, which
is formed by the palatine processes of the
maxillae
and the horizontal plates of the palatine
bones.
greater palatine fossa- transmits
the greater palatine vessels and nerves, is
found in the posterolateral corner near the
lesser palatine fossae lie im
mediately behind the greater.
Behind and
above the hard palate are the choanae (the
posterior bony apertures of the nose). These
are separated from each other by the vomer
and are bounded laterally by the medial
pterygoid plate.
pterygoid plates are a pair of large lateral
and medial processes projecting downward
from the roots of the greater wings of
the sphenoid bones.
Between these processes
is an interval known as the pterygoid fossa,
hamulus-free border of the medial
plate ends below in a hook
foramen
ovale-quite large and transmits
the mandibular nerve, the accessory
meningeal artery and some small veins that
connect the cavernous venous sinus with the
pterygoid venous plexus.
foramen spinosum, which transmits
the middle meningeal vessels.
zygomatic
arch is a prominent feature of this aspect.
At its caudal end is found the articular
fossa, which receives the articular process of
the mandible.
foramen lacerum is a large
and jagged aperture located at the base of
the medial pterygoid plate.
carotid canal, which is posterolateral to the
foramen lacerum, is a tunnel in the petrous
portion of the temporal bone through which
the internal carotid artery travels on its way to
the cranial
cavity.
jugular foramen is a large opening with
uneven margins situated directly behind the
carotid canal.
jugular foramen is opposite the
external auditory meatus
stylomastoid foramen is found immediately
at the base of the styloid process
and is the foramen that transmits the facial
nerve from the brain to the exterior of the
skull.
mastoid process can be palpated under
cover of the lobule of the auricle but is not
recognizable as a bony structure until the end
of the 2nd year.
mastoid foramen, which
is variable in size and position, is found
posterior
to the mastoid process. It transmits a vein
to the transverse sinus and a small branch of
the occipital artery to the dura mater.
foramen magnum, the largest bony foramen
in the skull, is the opening through
which the medulla oblongata, or lowest
subdivision
of the brain, becomes continuous with
the spinal cord.
occipital condyles are the large,
smooth and rather oblong protuberances that
lie at the margins of the foramen magnum.
They articulate with the atlas, and nodding
movements of the head take place at the
joints
between the atlas and the condyles.
anterior condylar canal is above the
lateral margin of the anterior part of the
condyle.
Behind the foramen magnum a bony crest
is noted, known as the external occipital
crest, which ends in an elevation called the
external occipital protuberance (inion). From
the region of the midpoint on this crest the
inferior nuchal line curves laterally on each
side, but the line is often poorly defined and
difficult to see.
superior nuchal line curves laterally
on each side from the external occipital
protuberance and separates the scalp area
above from the area for the neck muscles
(nuchal
area) below.
depression at the nasal root
is called the nasion. where the 2 nasal bones
articulate with the frontal bone, and is
opposite
the anterior extremity of the brain.
superciliary arches- These give
prominence to the eyebrows and are more
elevated in the male. The elevation that exists
between the superciliary arches (between the
eyebrows) is called the glabella, so
designated because the overlying skin is bald
or glabrous.
supraorbital foramen or notch is located
immediately above the upper border
of sphenoid bone of the orbital opening at the
junction of its
medial with its lateral two thirds. It transmits
the nerve and the vessels of the same name.
supraorbital margin ends laterally in a
prominent projection called the zygomatic
process of the frontal bone; it articulates with
the zygomatic bone.
bones that form the orbital
pyramid are the maxillary, zygomatic,
sphenoid, frontal, palatine, ethmoid and
lacrimal. apex of the
pyramid is marked by the optic foramen
superior orbital fissure-Through this fissure
the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic
division of the trigeminal and the abducens
nerves enter the orbital cavity, accompanied
by orbital branches of the middle meningeal
artery.
anterior ethmoidal foramen, which
transmits the nasociliary nerve and the
anterior
ethmoidal vessels, and the posterior
ethmoidal
foramen, which accommodates the
posterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels.