Anda di halaman 1dari 38

REFERENCES

A Basic Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms (1982) (Ed.) Urdang. New Dehli: Orient

Paperbacks.

A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English (1884 comp. John T. Platts). (1994 reprinted)

Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.

A Hindustani-English Dictionary (1849 comp. John Shakespear). (1996 reprinted). Lahore:

Sang-e-Meel Publications.

A Hindustani-English , English -Hindustani Dictionary(1837 comp. Duncan Forbes). (1987

reprinted). Lacknou: Uttar Pardesh Urdu Academy.

A New Hindustani-English Dictionary ( 1879 comp. S.W.Fallon). (1976 reprinted) Lahore:

Central Urdu Board.

Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (1st ed. 1985, 2nd ed. 2003 rev. P.Gillard)

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cambridge Word Routes Anglika-Ellinika: Michael McCarthy. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Cambridge word routes inglese-italiano Michael McCarthy. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Cambridge Word Selector Ingls-Espaol Diccionario . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Caravan Advanced Learners Dictionary (n.d.) compiled by S.M. Feroze. Lahore: Qirtaas

Publishers.

Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary (1st ed. 1987, 2nd ed. 1995 rev. J. Sinclair)

London-Glasgow: Collins

175
Collins Robert English-French, French-English dictionary (2006, 8th edition). London-Glasgow:

Collins

English Idioms (1991): (Eds.) Seidl and McMordie. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kitabisans 20th century Standard Dictionary: Urdu into(sic) English . Edited by Qureshi, B. A.

Lahore: Kitabistan.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1st ed. 1978 P. Procter, 2nd ed. 1987, 3rd ed.

1995 rev. D. Summers) Harlow: Longman

Longman Essential Activator (1997 ed. D. Summers & M. Rundell) Harlow: Longman

Longman Language Activator (1993 ed. D. Summers & M. Rundell) Harlow: Longman

Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English (1981 comp T. McArthur) Harlow: Longman

Lughat-e-Kabeer, Urdu (Greater Urdu Dictionary). Vol. 1. Haq, M.A. (1973). Karachi: Urdu

Dictionary Board.

Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2002). Ed. M. Rundell. Oxford:

Macmillan

Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of English. (7th ed. 2005. rev. Wehmeier). Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English (2002). (Ed.) Moira Runcie. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English (1986). (Ed.) Benson et. al. Amsterdam: John

Benjamins.

The Oxford Learners Word Finder Dictionary (1997). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

176
The Random House Word Menu (1992/7). edited by Stephen Glazier

http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl/9780345414410.html

Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and

Longmans, 1852 repr., London: Bloomsbury; distr., Detroit: Gale, 1987.

Urdu lughat: taareekhi usool par (Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles). (1958-) Karachi:

Urdu Dictionary Board

OTHER WORKS

Aarts, F. (1999). Syntactic Information in OAD %< LDOCE#< COBUILD@< and CICE. In In

The Perfect Learners Dictionary? Eds. Thomas Herbst and Kerstin Popp. Tubingen: Max

Niemeyer Verlag.

Ahmad, H. D. (1973). Alfaaz Shumaari (Urdu Word Count). New Dehli: Villa Academy Series

15.

Al-Ajmi, H. (2001). Which micro-structural features of bilingual dictionaries affect users look-

up performance? International Journal of Lexicography. Vol. 15, No.2, 119-131.

Al-Kasimi, M.A. (1983). The Interlingual / Translation dictionary. In Lexicography: Principles

and Practice. (Ed) R.R.K. Hartmann. Pp. 153- 162. London: Academic Press.

Al-Sulaiti, L. (2004). Designing and Developing a Corpus of Contemporary Arabic. M. Sc.

Dissertation. The University of Leeds.

Anjum, K. (1992). Bharat mein Urdu. (Urdu in India). In Urdu Zuban: Masaail aur imkanaat.

(Ed). Syed Shokat Ali Shah. Multan: Khazeen e Ilm o Adab

Baig, M. K. A (2007) Ek Bhaashaa jo mustard kr di gai. A Language that was Discarded .

Aligarh: Educational Book House.

177
Barnhart, C.L. (1962). Problems in Editing Commercial Monolingual Dictionaries. In

Householder & Saporta (1962) 161-181

Bartholomew, D. and Schoenhals, L. (1983). Bilingual Dictionaries for Indigenous Languages.

Summer Institute of Linguistics

Battenburg, J.D. (1991) English Monolingual Learners Dictionaries. A User- oriented Study

(Lexicographica Series Maior 39). Tbingen: M. Niemeyer

Bjoint, H. 1981. The foreign student's use of monolingual English dictionaries: a study of

language needs and reference skills. Applied Linguistics, 2, 3, 207-222.

Biber, D. Conrad, S. & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating language structure

and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bogaards, P. (1998). What types of words do language learners look up? In: B. T. S. Atkins (ed),

151-157.

Campoy Cubillo, M. C. 2002. Dictionary use and dictionary needs of ESP students: An

experimental approach. International Journal of Diab, T. 1990. Pedagogical Lexicography: A

Case Study of Arab Nursesas Dictionary Users. Tbingen: Niemeyer.

Census of Pakistan: (1998). Population by Mother Tongue

Http://Www.Census.Gov.Pk/Mothertongue.Htm

Cowie, A. 1983. On specifying grammar. In: R. Hartmann (ed.) 1983. Lexicography: Principles

and Practice. London: Academic Press,Inc, 99-107.

Coleman, H. (2010). Teaching and Learning in Pakistan: The Role of Language in Education.

Consultancy report for the British Council.

Dash & Chaudhuri (2001)). Why do we need to develop corpora in Indian languages? Retrieved

on Nov. 17, 2006 from http://www.elda.org/en/proj/scalla/SCALLA2001/scalla2001dash.pdf

178
Dash, N.S (2004). 'Language Corpora: Present Indian Need'. Retrieved on Nov. 17, 2006 from

http://www.elda.org/en/proj/scalla/SCALLA2004/dash.pdf

Durrani, A. (1997). Pakistani Urdu Kay Khaddo Khaal. Islamabad: National Language

Authority.

Durrani, A. (2002). Pakistani Urdu: Mazeed Mubaahas. Islamabad: National Language Authority

Durrani, A. (2011).Shakhsiyyat. The daily Express. Multan.

Ejaz, M. and Hussain, S. (2007). Corpus Based Urdu Lexicon Development. Retrieved on Nov.

16, 2007 from www.crulp.org/English site/

Faridkoti, A. H. (1972). Urdu ki Qadeem Tareekh. Lahore: Orient Research Centre. .

Farooqi, S. R. (1990). Some problems of Urdu Lexicography. Annual of Urdu Studies. Vol. 7.

p 21-30. Retrieved on Nov. 23, 2005 from

http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/annualofurdustudies/images/PK2151.A6152_ 7_028.gif

Gangla, L. 2001. Pictorial illustration in dictionaries. M. A. dissertation. University of Pretoria

Granger, S. 1993 The International Corpus of Learner English. In Aarts, J., P. de Haan and N.

Oostdijk (eds.) English Language Corpora: Design, Analysis and Exploitation. Amsterdam:

Rodopi, pp. 57-69.

Granger, S. (1998) A birds eye view of computer learner corpus research. In S. Granger and J.

Hung (eds). First International Symposium on Computer Learner Corpora ,Second Language

Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching, 14-16 December, 1998, The Chinese University of

Hong Kong: Symposium Proceedings. pp. 45-48

Grierson, G. A. (1916). Linguistic Survey of India. Calutta: Central Group. Vol. Ix. pp. 16-27.
Haas, M. R. (1962). What belongs in a bilingual dictionary? In Householder & Saporta (Eds.).
179
Haensch, G. and Omenaca, C. (2004). Los dictionaries del espanol en el siglo XXI, Salamanca:

Universidad de Salamanca.

Haq, M.A. (1973). Muqaddma (preface): Lughat-e-Kabeer Urdu (Greater Urdu Dictionary).

Vol. 1. Karachi: Urdu Dictionary Board.

Hartmann, R.R.K. (1989) Dictionaries of English: the user's perspective In Bailey (1989), pp.

121-135.

Hartmann R. R. K. (1999). Dictionaries in Language Learning. TNP Sub-project 9- Dictionaries.

Freie universtat Berlin. Retrieved on13-03-2007 from www.fu-

berlin.de/elc/TNPproducts/SP9dossier.doc

Hartmann, R. R. K. (2001) Teaching and Researching Lexicography. Harlow: Longman/Pearson

Education

Hirsh, D. and P. Nation. 1992. What vocabulary size is needed to read unsimplified texts for

pleasure? Reading in a Foreign Language 8, 2: 689-696.

Householder, F.W. & Saporta, S. eds. (1962) Problems in Lexicography. Bloomington: Indiana

U.P.

Hulstijn, (1993). Why do foreign language learners look up the meaning of unfamiliar words?

The influence of task and learning variables. The Modern Language Learner 77 (2), 139-147.

Inannucci, James. 1957. Meaning Discrimination in Bilingual Dictionaries: A New

Lexicographical Technique, The Modern Language Journal, XLI, No. 6. pp. 272-281.

Humayoun, M. (2006).Urdu Morphology, Orthography and Lexicon Extraction. Masters Thesis,

Department of Computing Science, Chalmers University of Technology. http://www.lama.univ-

savoie.fr/~humayoun/UrduMorph/downloads/HumayounThesis_Web.pdf

180
Ilson, R. (1986). General English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: Explanatory Techniques in

Dictionaries. In. Problems of the Bilingual Dictionary. (Ed.) Kucera et al. Tubingen: Max

Niemeyer Verlag

Iqbal,Z. (1987). Aspects of the Learners Dictionary with special Reference to Advanced

Pakistani Learners of English. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation. University of Aston.

Iqbal,Z. (1992). Lexical Problems in L2 Learning (Pakistan Journal of Language. Multan:

Bahauddin University.

Iqbal,Z. (1993). Language Learning Skills. Journal of Research, Humanities. Multan: Bahauddin

University.

Iqbal,Z. (1995).Providing Grammatical Information in the Learners Dictionary (Journal of

Research, Humanities. Multan: Bahauddin University.

Iqbal,Z. (1999). Lexical Features of Colloquial Speech (Journal of Research, Humanities.

Multan: Bahauddin University.

Iqbal, Z. and Ahmad, M. (2010). Some Issues with Orientalists Urdu-English. Oriental College

Magazime. Volume 85, No. 2.

Iqbal, Z. and Ahmad, M. (2010). The Role of Illustration in an Encoding Dictionary. ELT

Annual Research Journal Vol 12 Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Sindh.

Jackson, H. (2002). Lexicography: An introduction. Routledge.

James, C: (1980). Contrastive Analysis. London and New York: Longman

Johnson, S. (1755). Introduction: A Dictionary of the English Language.

Kharma, N. 1985. Wanted: a brand-new type of learner's dictionary. Multilingua, 4, 2, 85-90.

Khawar, R. (1994). Urdu Thesaurus. Islamabad: National Language Authority.

181
King, C. R. (1994). One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in the Nineteenth

Century North India, Bombay: Oxford University Press

Kipfer, B. 1987. Dictionaries and the intermediate student: communicative needs and the

development of user reference skills. In: The Dictionary and the Language Learner: Papers from

the EURALEX Seminar at the University of Leeds, 1-3 April 1985. Cowie, A. (ed.). Tbingen:

Niemeyer.

Languages of Pakistan, www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan. Article in

Wikipedia accessed on July 21, 2013

Laufer, B. (1995) A Case for Semi-Bilingual Dictionary for Productive Purposes Newsletter.

Kernerman Dictionary News. Number 3 July 1995 Retrieved on 07-01-2007

www.kdictionaries.com

Laufer, B. and Levitzky-Aviad, T., (2006) Examining the effectiveness of a Bilingual

dictionary Plus A Dictionary for Production. International Journal of Lexicography. 19(2) :

135-155.

Martynyuk, S. (2003). 'Statistical Approach to the Debate on Urdu and Hindi'. In The Annual of

Urdu Studies. Vol.18 (ed) Umar Memon. Retrieved on 21-04-2007 from

www.urdustudies.com/pdf/18/12amartynyuk.pdf

Mansoor, S. (1993). Punjabi, Urdu, English in Pakistan: A Sociolinguistic Study. Lahore:

Vanguard

McArthur, T. (1986). Worlds of Reference: Lexicography, learning and language from the clay

tablet to the computer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

McArthur, T. (1998). Living Words. University of Exeter Press.

182
McEnery, A.M. & Wilson, A. (2001). Corpus Linguistics (second edition), Edinburgh

University Press, Edinburg

Michiels, A. and Moulin, A. (1983). The Longman Lexicon on Contemporary English: A

Tentative Appraisal. Grazer Linguistic Studies. Vol. 19, pp. 106-123

Miller, G and P. Gildea (1985). How to misread a dictionary. AILA Bulletin 1985 13-26.

Mugdan, J. (1990). On the Typology of Bilingual dictionaries. In Hyldgaard-Jensen, K. &

Zettersten, 1990) A. (eds) 17-24.

Nation, I. S. P. (1990) Teaching and Learning Vocabulary Newyork: Newbury House,

Goulden, R. P. (1990). How large cab a receptive vocabulary be? Applied Linguistics. 11: 241-

363.

Nation and Waring (1997). Vocabulary Size, Text coverage and word Lists. In Schmitt, N, and

M, McCarthy (Eds). Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy (Pp. 6-19). Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Nesi, H. and R. Hail. 2002. A study of dictionary use by international students at a British

university. International Journal of Lexicography 15, 4, 277-305. Neubach, A. and A. Cohen.

1988.

Nesi, H. 1999. A user's guide to electronic dictionaries for language learners. International

Journal of Lexicography, 12, 1, 55-66.

Nesi, H. 2000. Electronic dictionaries in second language vocabulary comprehension and

acquisition: The state of the art. In: U. Heid et al. (eds.), 839-847.

183
Noor Muhammad, R. (1985): Urdu Zubaan aur Adab mein Mustashrqeen ki Ilmi Khidmaat kaa

teqiqi -o-Tanqeedi Jaiza (A Critical Assessment of the Services of the Orientalists for Urdu

Language and Literature). Ph. D. Dissertation. Lahore: Punjab University. P 58-293

Piotrowski (1994) Problems in Bilingual dictionaries. Retrieved on March 31, 2007 from

www.tadeuszpiotrowski.neostrada.pl/billex.pdf

Quirk, R. (1974) The image of the dictionary [reprint of 1973 paper The social impact of

dictionaries in the U.K.] in The Linguist and the English Language [papers by R. Quirk].

London: E. Arnold 148-163

Rahman, T. (2011). From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History. Karachi: Oxford

University Press.

Richards I. A. (1946). Introduction: Rogets Pocket Thesaurus. Edited by Mawson, S. New

York: Pocket Books.

The EMILLE Project. (2003). Retrieved on Nov. 16, 2006 from

http://www.emille.lancaster.ac.uk/

Tomioka, T. (2007). A nice dictionary, but how can I find what I want? -- On the Longman

Language Activator. Retrieved on 06-06-2008 from

http://homepage3.nifty.com/park/activator.htm

Sayyad, J. A. (1984). Kutab-i-Lughat ka Tehqiqi aur Lisani Jaizah (A Critial and Linguistic

Evaluation of Dictionaries. Vol. I. National Language Authority.

Sarfraz, S. (2011). Error Analysis of the Written English Essays of Pakistani Undergraduate

Students: A Case Study. Asian Transactions on Basic & Applied Sciences (ATBAS ISSN: 2221-

4291) Volume 01 Issue 03 accessed at www.asian-

transactions.org/Journals/Vol01Issue03/ATBAS/..on 02-07-2013.

184
Schmitt, N. (2002) An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, London: Arnold.

Scholfield, P. (1982). Using the English Dictionary for Comprehension: TESOL Quarterly 16, 2,

185-194.

Scholfield, P. (1995).'Why shouldn't monolingual dictionaries be as easy to use as bilingual

ones?' Longman Language Review 2: 6-9

Sekaninova, E. (1993). Dvojjazycna lexikografia v teorii a praxi. Bratislava: Veda. Shcherba, L.

V. (1940). Opyt obscej teoril lekskografii. ( An attempt towards General theory of

Lexicography). In Izvestija, AN SSR. Pp 89- 117

Shcherba, L. V. (1940). Opyt obscej teoril lekskografii. ( An Attempt towards General theory of

Lexicography). In Izvestija, AN SSR. Pp 89-117.

Sherani, M. K. (1928). Punjab mein Urdu. (Urdu in the Punjab). Lahore: Uknown.

Shibli, S. (2004). Urdu ki Tashkeel mein Farsi ka Hissah. (The Role of Persian in the

Construction of Urdu). Islamabad. National Language Authority.

Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sirhindi, W. (1986). Kutab-i-Lughat ka Tehqiqi aur Lisani Jaizah (A Critial and Linguistic

Evaluation of Dictionaries. Vol. II. National Language Authority.

Sirhindi, W. (1987). Kutab-i-Lughat ka Tehqiqi aur Lisani Jaizah (A Critial and Linguistic

Evaluation of Dictionaries. Vol. III. National Language Authority.

Sirhindi, W. (1995). Kutab-i-Lughat ka Tehqiqi aur Lisani Jaizah (A Critial and Linguistic

Evaluation of Dictionaries. Vol. VII. National Language Authority.

Stein (2002). Better Words: Evaluating EFL Dictionaries. University of Exeter Press.

Tomaszczyk (1979). Dictionaries: Users and Uses. -Glottodidactica 12, 103- 119

185
Steiner, R. J. (1977). How a bilingual dictionary best serves the writer? Dictionaries. DSNA.

Indiana State University.

Tono, Y. (2001). Research on Dictionary Use in the Context of Foreign Language Learning:

Focus on reading Comprehension. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.

Urdang, L. (1982). (ed). A Basic Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. Dehli: Orient

Paperbacks.

Urdang, L. (1991). (ed.) The Oxford Thesaurus In A-Z form ( 1991). Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

Wiegand, H. E. (1998). Worterbuchforscbung. Untersuchungen zur Worterbuchbenutzung, zur

Theorie, Geschichte, Kritik und Automatisierung der Lexikographie. Berlin: W. De Gruyter [Ist

of two volumes].

Worsch, W. (2005). Power to Learner: an approach towards Pedagogically Oriented Bilingual

dictionaries. Newsletter. Kernerman Dictionary News. Number 10 July 2002 Retrieved on 07-

01-2007 from www.kdictionaries.com

Zgusta, L. (1971). Manual of Lexicography. Mouton: Academia.

186

Anda mungkin juga menyukai