Analysis and comparison of energy efficiency of

android using atlas for indoor outdoor localization

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ABSTRCT
Today, everyone is using smartphones and there are many application using
location features. Many sensors and used determine accurate location of a
smartphone in indoor or outdoor. However, the average user may not realize the high
energy costs of using location services (namely the GPS) or may not make smart
decisions regarding when to enable or disable location services. As a result, a
mechanism that can make these decisions on the users behalf can significantly
improve a smartphones battery life. In this work, we analyze the energy
consumption of a smartphone by sampling battery life when using different location
features. We propose an indoor localization method using indoor atlas. This provides
a unique cloud platform that runs a disruptive geomagnetic positioning in its core to
accurately pinpoint a location inside a building. Based on our energy analysis and
implementation of our proposed system, we provide experimental results -
monitoring battery life over time

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INTRODUCTION
Location-based applications on modern smartphones have received
widespread usage in todays society - to the point where it can even be said that
many have become reliant on these types of applications. Location information is
used to geotag posts on social media websites, to deliver the local weather and news,
to help users navigate to a desired location, and to provide information on nearby
restaurants and stores. However, users often have to balance the convenience and
functionality of these location-based applications with a smartphones battery life.
Modern smartphones typically offer two main forms of determining a users
location: 1) the GPS and 2) a network based method that uses features like Wi-Fi
and the cellular radio. The tradeoff between these two comes down to accuracy vs.
energy. Applications that require fine-grained location information opt to use the
power-hungry GPS, while applications with more coarse requirements may use the
network-based provider, which is less accurate, but has greater energy savings. The
user is often given the ability to toggle location services on or off and, with Android
phones, can also selectively enable or disable the previously mentioned two methods
to fine-tune their phones accuracy/energy tradeoff. However, in most cases, the
average user will not pay much attention to these options due to forgetfulness, not
knowing such options are available, or a lack of knowledge on the energy costs.
We provide an analysis of the two localization methods available to modern
smartphones and conjecture that the addition of an indoor localization method as
well as the ability to detect indoor or outdoor context can improve battery life and
increase location accuracy. To test this, we implement an indoor/outdoor detection
service and a simple indoor localization method into the location services framework
of the Android operating system. In our design, we implement an indoor/outdoor
detection system modified from another authors previous work and implement Wi-
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Fi RSS ranging as the prototype indoor localization method. In practice, any such
indoor localization method can be used to infer the users location and future work
can focus on this aspect to further increase location accuracy.
Our contributions are as follows:
Provide an energy consumption analysis between Androids existing
localization methods (GPS and network based) and our proposed
solution.
Implement a previous indoor/outdoor detection system as a full system
service in the Android operating system.
Create a new location provider in the operating system into which an
indoor localization method can be implemented to infer the users
location in a quick and energy efficient manner
Modify the Fused Location Provider API to dynamically switch
between the GPS and an indoor-based location provider depending on
indoor/outdoor status.

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EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system provide an analysis of the two localization methods available
to modern smartphones and conjecture that the addition of an indoor localization
method as well as the ability to detect indoor or outdoor context can improve battery
life and increase location accuracy. To test this, we implement an indoor/outdoor
detection service and a simple indoor localization method into the location services
framework of the Android operating system. In our design, present system
implement an indoor/outdoor detection system modified from another authors
previous work and implement Wi-Fi RSS ranging as the prototype indoor
localization method. In practice, any such indoor localization method can be used to
infer the users location and future work can focus on this aspect to further increase
location accuracy. In this case, the detection restricts the energy efficiency of our
modified Fused Locaiton Provider. The detection accuracy also has a large effect on
the energy consumption under practical use.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Apart from the existing system the proposed system introduces an alternate
indoor localization system. This uses indoor atlas to acquire more precise location
of smartphone in indoors. Then the energy conception is calculated by analyzing the
battery charge consumed by different sensors in acquiring the location. This results
are then compared with energy conception resulted by existing system to analyze the
performance of both systems

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Modules
Location manager
Fused Location Provider
Indoor/Outdoor identifier
Indoor location provider
Outdoor location provider
Performance analyzer

Location manager
LocationManager instances receive location requests from applications and
forward them to the associated LocationManagerService. The service manages
location information requests and handles communication with the systems location
providers (GPS and network). The native and kernel services are omitted for
simplicity

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Fused Location Provider
The FusedLocationProvder API works as follows: instead of explicitly
naming a location provider, applications simply deliver their accuracy and power
requirements to the FusedLocationProvider, which then automatically returns the
most appropriate location information based on the underlying location providers.
Using this API helps to simplify and abstract the process for the developer as well
as improves location accuracy and energy consumption.

Indoor Outdoor identifier

This module identify whether the system is in indoor, outdoor or semi-indoor
And provide information about the location based on different sensor readings like
magnetic field, light detection, proximity sensor, accelerometer and also current time
Accelerometer - step-detection to trigger the indoor/outdoor detection.
Cellular radio - variance of nearby cell towers RSS over time.
Light sensor - measures environmental brightness; detection based on time-
of-day.
Magnetometer - measures fluctuations in the local magnetic field.
Proximity sensor - phone-in-pocket detection; used to validate light sensor
readings.

Indoor Location Provider

This module is used to provide location information of the mobile when the
mobile is in indoor or semi-indoor

Outdoor Location Provider

Outdoor Location Provider module is used to get outdoor location information
of the mobile. Also it is used when acquiring semi-indoor location and collects
accurate location information from GPS location provider and network location
provider

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Performance Analyzer
Performance analyzer analyses battery capacity and accuracy details of the
system according to the location provided

Hardware components
System uses the following five hardware components to determine if a
Smartphone is in one of three possible states - indoors, semi-outdoors, or outdoors:

Accelerometer - step-detection to trigger the indoor/outdoor detection.

Cellular radio - variance of nearby cell towers RSS over time.
Light sensor - measures environmental brightness; detection based on time-
of-day.
Magnetometer - measures fluctuations in the local magnetic field.
Proximity sensor - phone-in-pocket detection; used to validate light sensor
readings.

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Indoor/Outdoor Detection Process

IODetector utilizes a series of lightweight sensors for the indoor/outdoor

detection. IODetector primarily makes use of three types of lightweight detectors:
light detector, cellular detector, and magnetism detector. Light detector adopts light
sensors to capture ambient light signals to determine the surrounding environment
type. It also utilizes other two lightweight sensors, the proximity sensor and the
system time clock, to assist the detection. Cellular detector detects the attenuation of
cellular signals caused by obstacles (e.g., walls). It normally indicates the
entrance/exit of the device to/from an indoor environment. Magnetism detector
exploits the dramatic disturbance of magnetic field inside or in the vicinity of
buildings during the movement of the mobile phone. It thus can distinguish the
indoor/semi-outdoor environments from the outdoor environment. Note that each
component of IODetector shows unique advantages and disadvantages in different
environmental contexts. They process the sensor data and report the respective
partial detection results.

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

System : Pentium I3 2.4 GHz.

Hard Disk : 40 GB.
Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
Mouse : Logitech.
Ram : 4 Gb.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Operating system : Windows 7 and above

Coding Language : Java 1.6
Tool Kit : Android 5.2
IDE : Android studio

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