CHAPTER4INTRODUCTIONTODISLOCATIONS

4.1 Asinglecrystalofcopperyieldsunderashearstressofabout0.62MPa.Theshearmodulusof

copperisapproximately .Withthisdata,computeanapproximatevaluefortheratioof

thetheoreticaltotheexperimentalshearstressesincopper.

Solution:

Assumingthatthetheoreticalyieldshearstressequalsonehalftheshearmodulus,i.e.

and

4.4 (a)Howmanyequivalent{111} slipsystemsarethereinthefcclattice?

(b)Indentifyeachsystembywritingoutitsslipplaneandslipdirectionindices.

Solution:

(a) Thevariousslipsystemsarelistedbelow.

(111)[ ] ( )[110] ( )[110] ( )[ ]

(111)[ ] ( )[ ] ( )[011] ( )[011]

(111)[ ] ( )[101] ( )[ ] ( )[101]

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4.5 Assumethatthetriangleinthedrawingbelowliesonthe(111)planeofafacecenteredcubic
crystal,andthatitsedgesareequalinmagnitudetotheBurgersvectorsofthethreetotal

dislocationsthatcanglideinthisplane.Then,if liesatthecentroidofthistriangle,lines

accordinglycorrespondtothethreepossiblepartialdislocationsofthisplane.

(a)Indentifyeachline withitsproperBurgersvectorexpressedinthevector

notation.

(b)Demonstratebyvectoradditionthat:

y
C

Solution:

(a) Thedirectionvectorsofthelinesinquestionareasfollows:

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 (b) Notethattheequation involvesthevector whosedirectionindicesarethe

negativeof Thus,

4.10 (a)Writeasimplecomputerprogramthatgivestheshearstressofascrewdislocationasa
functionoftheperpendiculardistancefromthedislocation(seeEq.4.8).Assumingthatthe
shearmodulusis86GPa,andtheBurgersvectoris0.248nm,usetheprogramtoobtainthe
shearstressatthefollowingvaluesofr:50,100,150,and200nm,respectively.Plotthe

resulting versusrdata,andwiththeaidofthiscurve,determinethedistancefromthe

dislocationwhere is27.6MPa,theshearstressatwhichanironcrystalwillbegintoundergo

slip.

(b)TohowmanyBurgersvectorsdoesthisdistancecorrespond?

Solution:

(a) Equation4.8is:

Thisbecomes,onsubstitutingthegivenvaluesof and aswellasthevalueof ,

whererisgiveninnm.Thisequationisplottedinthefigurebelow.Nowasmaybeseeninthe
plot,thecriticalresolvedshearstressofiron,27.6MPa,correspondstoadistanceof122.9nm.

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 80

70

60

50
t, MPa

40 27.6 MPa

30

20

10 122.9 nm

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
r, nm
(b) Thedistancer,atwhichthestressofthedislocationbecomesequaltothecriticalresolvedshear
stressis122.9nm.ThelengthoftheironBurgersvectoris0.248nm.Thus,thenumberof
Burgersvectorstothepointwheretheshearstressofthedislocationbecomeequaltothe
criticalresolvedshearstressis122.9/0.248=496Burgersvectors.

4.14 ThestrainenergyofadislocationnormallyvariesasthesquareofitsBurgersvector.Onemay
seethisbyexaminingEqs.4.19and4.20.Thisrelationshipbetweenthedislocationstrainenergy

andtheBurgersvectorisknownasFranksrule.Thus,if whereaisanumerical

factor,then:

Showthatinanfcccrystalthedissociationofatotaldislocationintoitstwopartialsis
energeticallyfeasible.SeeEq.4.4.

Solution:

Equations4.4is:

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 Thecorrespondingenergiesofthethreedislocationsareforthetotaldislocation, ,and

forbothpartials, .Thus,

Thedissociationisenergeticallyfeasible.

4.15 The ratioofthehcpzinccrystalis1.866.Determinetheratioofthestrainenergyofa

dislocationwitha Burgersvector,tothatofabasalslipdislocationinazinccrystal.

Solution:

TheBurgersvectorofabasalslipdislocationisequaltoa,andtothatofthepyramidalslip
dislocationisproportionaltothevectorsumofanadislocationandacdislocation.Theratioof
theenergiesofthesetwoBurgervectorsisaccordingly:

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