EV charging

How EVs are charged?

What are the most important international charging standards?

Juha Vesa
SESKO
Development Manager

27.5.2016 1
Content

Short survey on standardization

What is a standard?
How they are prepared?
Standards and legislation
How EVs are charged?
What are the most important international charging standards?

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What is a standard?
Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules,
guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the
optimum degree of order in a given context.
Standards
set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service
describe in detail a particular method or procedure
facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of
components, products and services
bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing
performance and improving safety.

Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building
consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders -
including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others.

There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or
recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a
way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a
specific sector.

On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR).
These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology.

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Standardization organization

General Electrotechnology Communication

Global ISO ITU

TC 22/SC 21 SC 23H, TC 64, 69, 121B

Europe CEN ETSI

TC 301 TC 23H, 64, 69X

Finland

SK 23, SK 64, SK 69

IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission

CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

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Different electrotechnical standards
IEC-standards (Global)
IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs
European (and national) standards are based on these.
EN-standards (European)
Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS-
EN jne.)
Conflicting national standars are not allowed
Can be harmonized with regard to directives
85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx),
rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx)
(applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES)
HD-harmonization document (European)
Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are
not allowed
Energy cables, low-voltage installation
SFS-standards (Finnish)
95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx)
Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English
Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for
accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where
no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and
socket-outlet)
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Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure)
IEC CENELEC SESKO
Proposal stage (NP)
Proposal or vote on NP-draft
Technical content is fixed !!!
WG/MT members
Maintenance Preparatory stage

Last stage to give comments !!!

Committee stage (CD) Comments from expert
M groups
A
I National enquiry
N
Parallel CDV- UAP
T Enquiry stage (CDV) vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC)
E
Comments on EN-draft
N
A
N
Parallel FDIS-
C Approval stage (FDIS) Vote (IEC & CENELEC)
E vote UAP
C National enquiry
Y
C
L BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director
E

IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard

SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!!

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EU/national legislation and standards
1. Products
EU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g.
LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX
2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all
countries.
Give only essential requirements on safety, health,
environment and consumer protection.
Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to
detailed requirements.
Product complying with the EN-standard listed
under the directive, fulfills also requirements of
directive and of national legislation.
Harmonized standard gives the presumption of
conformity. The free movement of products is
ensured.
It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards
and essential requirements of the directive can be
fulfilled also by some other way.
Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of
1. directives and national legislation (products)
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2. Installations
No EU-directives for electrical installations
and equipment.
National legislation is needed for electrical
installations in Finland.
These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja
1194/1999) are like directives and they
give a special status for national
standards concerning electrical
installations (new regulation 2016)
Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable
standards (Guide S-10)
E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN
50341, SFS-EN 60079-14
and 2. national legislation (installations).
7
Intended charging modes for EVs SFS-EN 61851-1

Mode 3 charging (Basic charging)

AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or
connetor
1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or
1x70 A
Extended safety functionalities
Continuous protective earth conductor
continuity checking
No proper connection, no voltage
Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the
charging current)
Feeding back electricity from V2G

Mode 4 charging (Power charging)

DC charging from an external charger
Fixed charging cable in a charging station
Enables flexible and controllable charging with a
theoratically max. power 120-170 kW

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Occasional charging and LEV charging

Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1

1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A
Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box
(IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related
functionalities such as restriction of the charging current
IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as
mode 3

Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II or III)

IEC 61851-3
An AC charging method from household socket-
outlets
Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD
Class II equipment
Normally used for LEVs

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Wireless charging, battery swapping
Wireless charging
IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless
power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1:
General requirements
Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2
Communication between EV and
infrastructure with respect to wireless power
transfer (WPT) systems, will be published
2017
Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific
requirements for the magnetic field power
transfer systems, will be published 2017
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Battery swapping
Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric
vehicle battery swap system. Part 1:
System description and general
requirements, will be published 2016
Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2:
Safety requirements, will be published
2016
10
Safety standards for conductive charging
From charging point to EV
SFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirements
SFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMC
SFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging station
SFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EV
SFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inlet
SFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inlet
prEN 50620 Charging cable

From grid to charging point

SFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation)
SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc.
IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.)
SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emission
SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock
SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety

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Standards concerning EV, communication and security

Safety of EV
ISO 6469, ISO 17409

EMC of EV (general)
ISO 7637, 11451, 11452

Battery cells and packs

SFS-EN 62660-1, -2
Communication & Security ISO 12405-1, -2, -3
ISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G Communication
SFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodes
ISO/IEC 15408 series Security technics
ISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics

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Requirements of charging system (SFS-EN 61851-1)
Scope
Degrees of protection against access to hazardous live parts
Normative references Stored energy
Terms and definitions Disconnection of plug connected EVSE
General requirements Loss of supply voltage to permanently connected EVSE
Classification Fault protection
Charging modes and functions Protective conductor
Residual current protective devices
Communications
Safety requirements for signalling circuits between the EVSE and
Protection against electric shock the EV
Conductive electrical interface Isolating transformers
requirements
Requirements for adaptors
Cable assembly requirements
EV supply equipment constructional Mechanical switching devices (Switch, Contactor, CB,
requirements and tests Relay, etc.)
Overload and short-circuit protection Clearances and creepage distances & IP classes
Touch current
Automatic reclosing of protective devices
Dielectric withstand voltage & Insulation resistance
Emergency switching or disconnect Temperature rise
(optional) Damp heat functional test
Marking and instructions Minimum temperature functional test
Annexes (e.g. control pilot function, current Mechanical Strength
coding, charging circuit diagrams)
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Requirements of supplies for electric vehicles (SFS 6000-7-722:201x)
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Conductor arrangement and system earthing
Division of installation (a dedicated circuit for electric vehicles)
Protection for safety (protection against electric shock)
Measures against electromagnetic influences
Requirements for wireless charging
Selection and erection of electrical equipment
Operational conditions and external influences (water, foreign objects, impacts)
Isolation, switching and control
Devices for protection against indirect contact by automatic disconnection of supply (RCD)
Devices for protection against overcurrent
Co-ordination of various protective devices
Protective conductors
Socket-outlets and vehicle connectors
Low voltage generating sets (charging EV from battery banks, feeding back electricity from
electric vehicles into installation)

Modified or new requirements in italics when compared to SFS 6000-7-722:2012

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Accessories for EV charging
Mode 3 charging (basic sharging) SFS-EN 62196-2

Type 1 Type 2
max. 3 x 63 A, 480 V AC

European solution in public

Mode 4 charging (power charging) SFS-EN 62196-3 charging points according to
AFI-directive (2014/94/EU)

CCS 2 (Combo 2)
200 A, 1000 V DC
CHAdeMO

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AFID (2014/94/EU) On the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

Up to 22 kW

Above 22 kW

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 CHAdeMO
Multi-standard charger solution

AC

CCS

Source: ABB

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Requested work programme related to AFID (M/533)
European standards (ENs) on electricity supply Publication to
be availlable
Technical specifications with a single solution for wireless 31.12.2019
recharging for passenger cars and light duty vehicles
interoperable with the specification contained in IEC/TS 61980-3
Ed. 1.0 or its later edition
Technical specifications with a single solution for battery 31.12.2022
swapping for electric vehicles
Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus 31.12.2019
supply connectors and socket outlet. If feasible, this technical
interoperable solution should be based on the standard
developed for electric passenger cars and light duty vehicles

Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus 31.12.2018

wireless recharging
Specifications as a recommended interoperable solution for AC 31.12.2016
normal recharging points for L-category motor vehicles

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New applications challenge old solutions and standards

SFS-EN 62196-2 EV plugs and SFS 5610 Household plugs and

socket-outlets socket-outlets
Max. 63 A Temperature rise test 22 A, 1h
Durable construction Max. mass 0,5 kg

Socket-outlet in EV charging
Type 1 10 16 A , 8 - 10 h
Mass > 0,5 kg

Type 2

Socket-outlet should not be loaded with the

rated current more than 2 hours and
therefore charging current shall be limited
to a lower level.

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High load profile (HLP) plug and socket-outlet (Draft)
IEC 60884-1 Normal profile plug IEC 60884-1 High load profile plugs
Temperature rise test 22 A, 1 h Under preparation
T = 45 K Crimp connections
Mass 0,5 kg Solid pins
16 A/2,5 mm2
Temperature rise test 26 A, 5 h +1 h, min.
125 cycles
T = 35 K

0,5 million socket-outlets for car

heaters...

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (1)
Installation (SK 64), control and switchgear box (SK 121B ) ja connectors (SK 23)

Number Title
SFS 6000-7-722 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations
or locations. Supply of Electric vehicle (will be revised 2017)
SFS 6000-8-813 Part 8-813: Supplementary requirements. Selection and erection of plugs and socket
outlets
IEC 61439-7 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 7: Assemblies for specific
installations at public sites such as marinas, camping sites, market squares and similar
applications and for charging stations for Electrical Vehicles, will be published 2017
SFS-EN 62196-1 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of
electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
SFS-EN 62196-2 Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and
contact-tube accessories
SFS-EN 62196-3 Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for dedicated d.c.
and combined a.c./d.c. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers
IEC/TS 62196-4 Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c., d.c. and
a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric vehicles (LEV)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (2)
Charging systems (SK 69)

Number Title
SFS-EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
(3rd Ed. will be published 2016)
IEC 61851-21-1 Part 21-1: Electric vehicle onboard charger EMC requirements for conductive
connection to a.c./d.c. supply, will be published 2016
IEC 61851-21-2 Part 21-2: EMC requirements for OFF board charging systems, will be published 2017
SFS-EN 61851-23 Part 23: D.C electric vehicle charging station
Draft 61851-23-1 Part 23-1: DC Charging with an automatic connection system (Finland active!!!)

SFS-EN 61851-24 Part 24: Control communication protocol between off-board d.c. charger and EV
SFS-EN 61980-1 EV wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements
IEC/TS 61980-2 Part 2: Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to (WPT) systems
IEC/TS 61980-3 Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems.
IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric vehicle battery exchange infrastructure safety requirements
IEC 62840-2 Part 2: Safety requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (3)
Charging systems Light electric vehicles (Class II and class III) (SK 69)

Number Title
IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements
for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power supply systems
IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive
power supply systems
IEC/TS 61851-3-3 Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication

IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined
communication parameters
IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter
unit
IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (4)
Communication V2G

Number Title
ISO 15118-1 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information
and use-case definition
ISO 15118-2 Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer
requirements
ISO 15118-3 Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements
ISO 15118-4 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test
ISO 15118-5 Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests
ISO 15118-6 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication

ISO 15118-7 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication
ISO 15118-8 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (5)
Data model, security

Number Title
SFS-EN 61850-7-420 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-420:
Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes

IEC/TR 61850-90-8 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: IEC
61850 object models for electric mobility
ISO/IEC 15408-1 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Evaluation criteria for IT security --
Part 1: Introduction and general model
ISO/IEC 15408-2 Part 2: Security functional components

ISO/IEC 15408-3 Part 3: Security assurance components

ISO/IEC 27001-1 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management
systems Requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (6)
Charging cable (SK 20) and mode 2 control box (IEC SC 23E)

Number Title
prEN 50620 Cables for electric vehicles

SFS-EN 62752 In-Cable Control and Protective Device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles
(IC-CPD)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (7)
Horizontal standards

Number Title
SFS-EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments
SFS-EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment

SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related

systems

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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World is changing Future trends concerning EVs
Safety is still a key issue
Car (dangerous voltages < 400 V vs. 12 V/24 V
during normal use, maintenance, accidents)
Charging system (dangerous voltages and
currents < 1000 V/200 A (or even 350 A))
Electronics is increasing, emissions are
increasing (2-150 kHz)
Smart charging is needed
The importance of renewable energy source is
increasing (solar, water, wind, marine energy)
Electric vehicle will be an energy storage
Data security and privacy (Cyber security) will be more important
In addition to product standards, system standardization is increasing (IoT,
digitalization, Smart Grid). Interoperability is a challenge.
Nordic climate will be a challenge in future, too
Electric vehicle will be a part of a network

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National recommendation 2014 (2nd Ed.) (SK 69)
Charging of EVs - Aspects to be taken into consideration
http://www.sesko.fi/standardit/standardoinnin_aihealueita/sahkoautot_ja_latausjarjestelmat/lataussuositus_2014

Content
- Charging modes and their characteristics
- Designing of a charging network
- Requirements of charging circuits
- Maintenance and surveillance of charging
circuits and charging points
- Characteristics of charging cables
- Consumer information

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Further information concerning electrotechnical standardization
Websites
www.sesko.fi
www.iec.ch
www.cenelec.eu
www.sfs.fi
www.sfsedu.fi

Buy standards
Sales(at)sfs.fi

Standards related enquiries

SESKO office
Tel: (09) 696 3970,
Email: asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi

Participation to standardization
SESKOs IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK)
SESKOs IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR)

More information
juha.vesa(at)sesko.fi

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