Light Fixtures

What defines a Light Fixture?

Specifications:
Method of Mounting
Method to make
Electrical Connection
Keyless Housing
Porcelain Socket Lamp
Lamp Socket
Decorative Lens or
Diffuser
Shielding or Optics
Support Arms or Stem
Locking Mechanism
Way to access the lamp
Ballast or Transformer
Aperture Trim & Flange
Keyed (pull chain)
Porcelain Socket
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Light Fixtures
All Light Fixtures Need Electricity

Electrical Distribution

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Light Fixtures
LED Sources are Electronics

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Light Fixtures
Light Fixtures: A Lamp in a Box
 Light fixtures are MORE than a decorative object.

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Light Direction

Light travels in a straight lineradiates out from the source

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Light Direction

Light travels in a straight lineradiates out from the source

Omni Directional
Distribution Distribution
Light Goes Light Goes
Everywhere Downward

25% is lost

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We Define Light Fixtures by their Distribution of Light

 Goal of a luminaire is to put light where the user needs it

 Convenient way to classify luminaires is by the direction of
light emitted from the luminaire
 Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) sets up
these classifications

Light going Up / Indirect

horizontal

Light going Down / Direct

Distribution of Light

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Distribution Types

Direct Semi-Direct General Diffuse

Direct-Indirect Semi-Indirect Indirect

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Distribution: Direct
100% of the
light directed
down

Direct

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Distribution: Direct
100% of the
light directed
down

Direct

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Distribution: Semi-Direct
Smaller
portion direct
up
-
Most of the
light directed
down

Semi-Direct

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Distribution: Direct - Indirect
50% of the light
directed up
-
50% of the light
directed down

Direct-Indirect

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Distribution: General Diffuse
Light directed
evenly around

General Diffuse
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Distribution: General Diffuse

Light directed
evenly around

General Diffuse
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Distribution: Semi-Indirect
Most of the
light direct up
-
Small portion
of the light
directed down

Semi-Indirect

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Distribution: Semi-Indirect
Most of the
light direct up
-
Small portion
of the light
directed down

Semi-Indirect

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Light Fixtures
Distribution: Semi-Indirect
Most of the
light direct up
-
Small portion
of the light
directed down

Semi-Indirect

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Distribution: Indirect

100% of
the light
directed
up

Indirect
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Distribution: Indirect

100% of
the light
directed
up

Indirect
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Light Fixtures
We Define Light Fixtures by their Mounting

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Mounting
 Surface
Typical Components:

Recessed Junction
Box
Housing
Back Plate
Lamp and Lamp
Socket
Diffuser or Shielding
Base or Leg for Table
Lamp

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Surface Mounted Ceiling Light
Flush Mounts

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General Diffuse

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Light Fixtures
Wall Sconce / Wall Bracket / Wall Marker Lights
Wall Mounts

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Semi-Indirect

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Table Lamps / Floor Lamps
Task Lights

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Mounting
 Pendant
Typical Components:

Recessed Junction
Box
Housing
Canopy
Stem
Lamp and Lamp
Socket
Diffuser or Shielding

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Pendants
Suspended Lights / Chandelier

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Direct

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Industrial Pendants
High Bays / RLM Pendants

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Office Pendants
Suspended Linear Pendants

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Mounting
 Recessed
Typical Components:

Splice Box
Housing
Lamp and Lamp
Socket
Aperture Cone
Diffuse or Shielding

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Downlights
High Hats / Recessed Cans / Holes in the ceiling

Typical components of a recessed downlight.

Square Downlight Round Downlight Adjustable Accent Downlight

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Downlights
High Hats / Recessed Cans / Holes in the ceiling

Direct

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Semi-recessed Downlights
Decorative High Hats

Semi-Direct

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Step Lights
Marker Lights / Wall Path Lights

Recessed Wall Uplights

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In Grade Lights
Landscape Uplights / Burial Lights

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Glare

Direct glare from windows and

luminaries.

Reflected glare on computer screen

from ceiling luminaries.
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Downlight Glare Control

ceiling
ceiling
sig
ht
Shielding lin
from eye e
level 35-45 deg

ceiling

sig
ht
lin
ceiling
e
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Downlight Shielding

Lamp placed above ceiling

aperture or louver to provide
shielding from normal
viewing angles

Direct

sig
ht
lin
e

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Downlight Reflector

Reflectors around or above

the lamp used to increase
performance of the fixture

Direct

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Downlight Glare Control

Contour of ceiling aperture

or louver to provide Glare
Control from normal
viewing angles

Direct

sigh
t lin
e

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Trims
Aperture Cones / Aperture Trims

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Troffer Shielding

Lamp placed above ceiling

aperture or louver to provide
shielding from normal
sig
viewing angles
ht
sig lin
e ht e
lin lin
ht e
sig
e
lin
ht
sig

Direct

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Reflector

Reflectors around or above

the lamp used to increase
performance of the fixture

Direct

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Glare Control

Contour of ceiling aperture

or louver to provide Glare
Control from normal
viewing angles

sig
ht
lin
e

Direct

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Troffer

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General or Ambient : Troffer

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Exterior
Pole or Post Mounted

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Exterior
Building or Ground Mounted

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Exterior
Ground Mounted for Object Lighting

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Fixtures Inside and Out

 Underwriters Laboratory Testing

Dry Applications
Damp Applications
Wet Applications
Wet/Dry Applications
Underwater Applications
Corrosive Applications
Hazardous Applications

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Finding Fixtures

 General Lighting Mnfrs Websites

www.Lightolier.com
www.Erco.com

 Light Fixture Search Sites

www.LightSearch.com
www.eLumit.com

 Retail Sites
www.Lightology.com
www.unicahome.com
www.lumens.com
www.100watt.net
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Lighting Codes

NYC Organization Chart

. highlighting city departments and
agencies with codes or policies on lighting

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2014

revised 13 October 2014 (after presentation)

Lighting Codes

Codes (aka Rules and Laws) that regulate the use of lighting are
found in a variety of Federal, State, and City regulations..

Fixture Construction /Fabrication: Fire Codes

Illuminance (light levels):
Emergency Egress: Fire or Local Building Codes
General Illumination:
Interior: Building Codes (very minimal requirements)
Exterior: Department of Transportation (roads and public
plazas
Placement or Location on the Wall: Federal American Disability Act
Energy (power) for Lighting: Energy Codes

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Emergency Egress Lighting

American Disability Act

Maximum 4-inch projection below 80-inches AFF

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Status of State Energy Code Adoption: Commercial

Status of State Energy Code Adoption: Residential

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Power for Lighting Regulation: NY State/City Energy Codes

Lighting Power Densities

Maximum Allowable
Lighting Load
Per Square Foot (W/sqft)

Lighting Controls
Auto Shut Off

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ASHREA: Exterior Lighting

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ASHREA: Building Method (non-tradable)
Base Lighting Power Density =
Maximum Allowable Lighting Load
Per Square Foot (W/sqft)

ASHREA: Space By Space (tradable)

Base Lighting Power Density =
Maximum Allowable Lighting Load
Per Square Foot (W/sqft)

Plus Additional Allowances =

Decorative Fixtures

Retail Lighting Load

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Space By Space Example

Space By Space Example

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Space By Space Example

Space By Space Example

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Dept of Energy: ComCheck Software

Occupancy / Vacancy Sensors

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LEED

LEED

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LEED

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Documenting A Lighting Plan

Concept
Drawing / Documentation
Layout

Symbols

Fixture Specifications
Fixture Descriptions
Fixture Cuts / Mnfrs Submittals
Fixture Details

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