SECTION 042200 - CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings, conditions of the Contract (including General, Supplementary, and

Special Conditions), Division 1 Specification Sections and all other Contract
Documents apply to work of this Section.

1.2 WORK INCLUDED

A. Extent of concrete unit masonry is indicated on the drawings, including layout and
sizes of members, reinforcing and accessories.

B. The work shall include, but not be limited to the following:

1. Concrete masonry units.

2. Mortar and grout.
3. Reinforcement, anchorage, and accessories.

1.3 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE

A. Submittals Division 1 Sections.

B. Cast-In-Place Concrete - Section 033000.

C. Flashings and sheet metal - Division 7 Sections.

D. Joint sealers - Division 7 Sections.

1.4 CODE AND STANDARDS

A. Conform to the requirements of the Building Regulations and Guidelines -Green

Book - Municipality of Abu Dhabi, including latest amendments and the 2006
International Building Code

B. The following codes, specifications and standards, where more severe, shall apply
to the work. Where conflicts among codes, standards and specifications exist,
the one having the most stringent requirements shall govern.

1. Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530-99.

1.5 REFERENCES

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 A. ASTM A82-97a -- Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement; 1997.

B. ASTM A153M-95 -- Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron

and Steel Hardware; 1995.

C. ASTM A366M-97 -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-

Rolled, Commercial Quality; 1997.
D. ASTM A635-91a -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-
Thickness Coils, Carbon, Hot-Rolled; 1991.

E. ASTM C90-99 -- Standard Specification for Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry

Units; 1999.

F. ASTM C144-93 -- Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar;

1993.

G. ASTM C150M-97a -- Standard Specification for Portland Cement; 1997.

H. ASTM C207-91 -- Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry

Purposes; 1991.

I. ASTM C270-99 -- Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry; 1999.

J. ASTM C404-95 -- Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout;

1995.

K. ASTM C476-99 -- Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry; 1999.

L. ASTM D226M-97a -- Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt

used in Roofing and Waterproofing; 1997.

M. ASTM D2000-96 -- Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in

Automotive Applications; 1996.

N. ASTM D2287-96 -- Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer

and Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds; 1996.

O. ASTM E119-98 -- Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
and Materials; 1998.

P. NCMA-TEK 8-2A -- Removal of Stains from Concrete Masonry; National

Concrete Masonry Association; 1998.
1.6 INSPECTION AND TESTING

A. General: Employer will engage and pay for the services of an independent Testing
Agency acceptable to the Engineer.

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 1. Contractor shall be responsible for providing the Testing Agency and
Engineer with proper notice of the initiation of each phase and portion
of work requiring testing or inspection. Written notice of
commencement date shall be provided at least 5 working days prior to
the start of shop work and the start of field work. Subsequently,
Contractor shall give a minimum of 24 hours verbal notice of work, or
completion of work as applicable requiring inspection and/or testing.

2. Contractor shall furnish Testing Agency with the following:

a. A complete set of accepted Shop Drawings.

b. Cutting, order and shipping lists for reinforcing.
c. Grouting schedules.

3. Testing Agency may inspect and test materials and work at the source before
shipment as well as at the site before, during or at any time after
installation. Deficient or incomplete work or materials shall be
corrected or replaced, as directed by the Engineer, without additional
costs or delays to the Employer.

4. The Testing Agency shall report directly to the Employer and Engineer the
results of all testing and inspection by means of daily written reports.
When any test or inspection reveals deficient or nonconforming work,
Testing Agency shall notify Employer and Engineer immediately by
means of a written report specially and clearly marked and identified to
show deficient areas of work.

5. Performance or waiving of inspection, testing or surveillance by Testing

Agency for a given portion of the work will not relieve Contractor from
responsibility to conform strictly to the requirements of the Contract
Documents.

6. Where additional tests are deemed necessary by Engineer due to failure to

pass tests, the cost of additional testing will be deducted from payments
to contractor.

7. If, due to errors by the contractor or failure to perform his work in

accordance with the Contract Documents, the Engineer must perform
additional design or drafting work or review proposed solutions, the
Contractor shall, through the Employer, reimburse the Engineer in
accordance with the Engineer's current fee schedule plus out of pocket
expenses incurred.

B. Inspection and Control: Testing Agency shall perform inspecting and control as
required by the Building Regulations and Guidelines Green Book
Municipality of Abu Dhabi.

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 C. Services shall include, but not be limited to:

1. Inspection of all reinforcing; verifying size, number, spacing, location,

splices, support, wiring, etc. of all reinforcing bars and durowall.
Inspections shall be made only with shop drawings bearing the
Engineer's stamp and marked "No Exception Taken" or "Make
Corrections Noted" only.
2. Verification of sizes and thickness of structural members, such as wall
thickness. Layout, alignment, plumbness, etc. are the sole responsibility
of the contractor.
3. Testing of grout, in accordance with ASTM C1019. One sample shall be
taken for each 460 square meters of masonry.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Fire Ratings: Where fire-rated masonry construction is indicated or required,

provide materials and construction methods identical to those of assemblies
tested in accordance with ASTM E119 for hourly ratings required. Provide
evidence acceptable to governing authority that proposed construction
complies with fire performance requirements.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver, handle and store masonry units by means which will prevent mechanical
damage and deterioration due to moisture, temperature changes and
contamination by other materials.

B. Protect cementitious materials from precipitation and absorption of ground

moisture.

C. Store masonry accessories to prevent corrosion, dirt accumulation, and other

deterioration.

1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Construction Protection: Cover tops of incomplete masonry elements with

waterproof sheet material at end of each work day and when masonry work is
not under way.

1. Secure weather protection in place with weights or by use of temporary

fasteners.
2. Immediately remove mortar, soil and other such materials from exposed
masonry faces to prevent staining.
3. Prevent splashing and soiling of masonry near ground level by spreading
sheet material to cover soil or masonry faces.
4. Protect horizontal masonry elements from mortar droppings.

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 B. Hot-Weather Protection: Cover or shade masonry units and mortar materials and
use cool water for mortar whenever ambient air temperature is 32 degrees C or
greater. At air temperatures of 30 degrees C or above, if relative humidity is
less than 30 percent or wind is in excess of 25 kilometers per hour, provide
protection by immediately covering newly constructed walls, by providing
windbreaks, or by using fog spray to reduce rate of evaporation.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS

A. Concrete Block: Comply with referenced standards for types required and as
follows:

1. Size: Standard units with nominal face dimensions of 400 mm long and 200
mm high, with nominal thicknesses as indicated on drawings for various
locations.

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 2. Special shapes: Provide special block types where required for corners,
control joints, headers, lintels, and other special conditions, whether or
not specifically indicated on the drawings as special. Outside corners:
Square-edged units except where otherwise indicated.

3. Hollow load-bearing units: ASTM C90 and as follows:

Type II: Non-moisture-controlled units.
Normal weight.
Exposed faces: Manufacturer's standard color and texture.

4. Hollow non load-bearing units: BS6073 and as follows:

Category II.
Normal weight.
fm = 7300KPa

* In the absence from the local market of the above product,

Contractor to propose locally available hollow masonry units for
Engineers review and approval.

2.2 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS

A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150M, Type I.

B. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C207, Type S.

C. Aggregate for Mortar: ASTM C144.

D. Grout Aggregate: ASTM C404.

E. Water: Potable.

2.3 REINFORCEMENT AND ANCHORAGE

A. Reinforcing Bars: As specified in Section 033000.

B. Joint Reinforcement and Anchorage Materials: Comply with the following general
requirements for materials required in joint reinforcement and anchorage
devices:

1. Steel wire: ASTM A82M.

Hot-dip galvanizing (after fabrication):ASTM A153M, Class B-2.

Use: Exterior locations or in contact with earth.

Use: Interior locations.

2. Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet: ASTM A635M or ASTM A366M;

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 galvanizing in compliance with ASTM A153M, Class B.
Use: Anchors and miscellaneous sheet metal in masonry accessories at exterior
exposures.

C. Joint Reinforcement: Welded-wire units prefabricated into straight lengths of not

less than 3 meters, with deformed continuous side rods and plain cross rods.

1. Width: Approximately 50 millimeters less than nominal wall width,

providing not less than 16 millimeters mortar coverage on exterior
exposures and 13 millimeters elsewhere.
2. Wire sizes:
Side rod diameter: 3.766 millimeters.
Cross rod diameter: 3.766 millimeters.

3. Configuration:
Applications of single unit width: Truss design, diagonal cross rods at
not more than 400 millimeters on center.
Corners: Prefabricated L- T-shaped units.

D. Rigid Anchors: Provide straps fabricated from sheet metal, sized, shaped, and
located as indicated on the drawings.

2.4 CONCEALED FLASHING MATERIALS

A. Sheet Metal Flashing: Furnish materials and fabricate as specified in Division 7.

B. Laminated Sheet Flashing: Furnish materials as specified in Division 7.

C. Flexible Sheet Flashing: Furnish materials as specified in Division 7.

2.5 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES

A. Premolded Control Joints: Strips sized for standard sash block and designed to
allow movement while maintaining lateral stability, and as follows:

1. Either styrene-butadiene rubber compound complying with ASTM

D2000, 2AA-805; or polyvinyl chloride complying with ASTM D2287,
Type PVC 654-4.

B. Bond Breaker Strips: ASTM D 226M, Type I; No. 15 asphalt felt.

C. Sealant and Backer Rod: As specified in Division 7.

2.6 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES

A. General: Do not use admixtures unless indicated as acceptable in the contract

documents.

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 1. Do not use calcium chloride in mortar or grout mixture.

B. Mixing: Use mechanical batch mixer and comply with referenced ASTM
standards.

C. Mortar for Unit Masonry: ASTM C270, Proportion Specification.

1. Limit cementitious materials to lime and Portland cement.

2. Reinforced masonry: Type M or S.
Exterior, above-grade walls: Type M or S.

3. Interior walls: Type N

Locations for which another mortar type has not been specifically
indicated: Type N

D. Grout: ASTM C476; provide consistency required at time of placement to fill

completely all spaces indicated to be grouted.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

A. Concrete Masonry Units: Do not wet concrete masonry units prior to laying.

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 B. Reinforcement and Anchorage: Before placing metal masonry accessories,
remove loose rust, dirt and other coatings.

C. Masonry Thickness: Build masonry elements to full thickness shown.

1. Build single-wythe walls to actual thickness of masonry units.

D. Chases and Recesses: Build masonry to accommodate the work of other trades,
including chases and recesses as shown or required. Provide not less than 200
millimeters of masonry between jambs of openings and chases and recesses.

E. Openings for Equipment and Services: Leave openings in masonry as required for
subsequent installation of equipment and services. Make openings in
designated locations and in exact size required and complete masonry work
after installation of equipment, matching adjoining masonry.

F. Cutting: Where cutting is required, use power saws to provide clean, sharp
unchipped edges.

1. Do not use wet cutting techniques with concrete unit masonry.

3.2 MASONRY CONSTRUCTION - GENERAL

A. Layout: Lay out masonry for accurate pattern bond, for uniform joint widths and
for accurate location of specific features before beginning actual construction.
Avoid use of masonry units of less than 1/2 size. Do not use units with less than
nominal 100 millimeters horizontal face dimensions at corners and jambs.

B. Pattern Bond: Lay exposed masonry in running bond except where other bonds
are indicated at special features.

1. Lay concealed masonry in running bond, or lap units at least 50

millimeters.
2. Interlock wythes at corners and offsets in each course with masonry
bond.

C. Stopping Work: Lay masonry in proper sequence to avoid toothing. Rack walls
back in each course at end of each work day. Before resuming, clean exposed
surfaces and remove loose masonry units and mortar.

D. Built-in Work: As work progresses, build in items indicated for installation in

masonry, filling around built-in items solidly with masonry.

1. Fill joints between masonry and metal frames solidly with mortar, unless
specific conditions are otherwise detailed.
2. At locations where built-in items are to be connected to hollow unit
masonry, solidly grout cores to provide adequate anchorage.

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 3. Unless other conditions are specifically detailed, solidly grout cores for
at least 600 millimeters below bearing plates, lintels, and similar
features and conditions.

E. Expansion and Control Joints: Build in movement joints where indicated,

installing accessory items as masonry is constructed.

1. Install non-elastic joint fillers as indicated.

F. Nonbearing Partitions: Extend full height to solid structure above, unless

otherwise detailed.

1. Except as otherwise indicated, treat joint between top of wall and

structure above as resilient connection, using sealants specified in
Division 7.

G. Lintels: Install lintels of types indicated at all openings.

1. Bearing: Provide not less than 200 millimeters of bearing at each jamb.

H. Reinforcement: At masonry openings greater than 300 millimeters in width, install

horizontal joint reinforcement in 2 courses immediately above lintel and 2
courses immediately below sill. Except at control joints, install opening
reinforcement to extend not less than 600 millimeters beyond jamb on each
side.

3.3 LAYING MASONRY UNITS

A. Hollow Masonry Units: Install so that face shells are solidly mortared,
horizontally and vertically. Bed webs solidly in mortar at starting course.

1. Bed webs solidly in mortar at cores to be grouted.

B. Joints: Make mortar joints visually and dimensionally consistent.

1. Except as otherwise indicated, maintain mortar joint widths of 9.5

millimeters.

C. Concealed Joints: Cut flush, unless otherwise detailed.

D. Exposed Joints: Using concave jointer slightly larger than joint width, tool
exposed joints before mortar has assumed final set.

E. Resetting: Do not pound, tap or otherwise attempt to adjust masonry units after
initial set has occurred. Remove units which require adjusting, clean
thoroughly, and reset in fresh mortar.

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3.4 JOINT REINFORCEMENT, SINGLE-WYTHE WALLS

A. General: Provide continuous horizontal joint reinforcement for all single-wythe

masonry walls, unless otherwise indicated. Lap reinforcing a minimum of 150
millimeters.

B. Vertical Spacing: Not more than 400 millimeters on center.

C. Continuity: Use prefabricated L-shaped and T-shaped sections at corners and

intersections. Do not span movement joints with reinforcement.

3.5 ANCHORING MASONRY

A. Structural Framing Anchorage: Anchor masonry to structural framework at points

of adjacency, and as follows:

1. Maintain open space of 25 millimeters or more between face of framing

member and masonry elements, unless block layout allows for standard
mortar joint.
2. Fasten anchors to structure and embed in mortar joints as masonry is laid.
3. Space anchors as indicated on the drawings.
4. Fill open space with mortar if width does not exceed standard mortar joint.
Otherwise, fill with grout.

3.6 INSTALLING REINFORCED UNIT MASONRY

A. Preparation: Clean reinforcement bars of loose rust; do not use bars which have
rusted excessively or which have bends or kinks not shown on drawings.

B. Placing Reinforcement: Secure reinforcement accurately at locations indicated

and to avoid displacement; minimum spacing between bars or to masonry
surfaces shall be bar diameter or 6.5 millimeters for fine grout and 13
millimeters for coarse grout, whichever is greater.

C. Splicing: Provide lapped splices of minimum size indicated or permitted by

governing code at locations shown; other methods or locations must be
approved by the Architect.
D. Formwork: Construct formwork where required for temporary support of
reinforced masonry, bracing as required to maintain proper shape during
placement and curing of grout and adequately tight to avoid grout leakage.

3.7 GROUTING

A. Grouting Technique: Perform all grouting by means of low-lift or high-lift

technique.

1. For low-lift technique, lift shall not exceed 1.2 meters in height.

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 2. For high-lift technique total wall height shall not exceed 1.2 meters, with
each lift not exceeding 1.2 meters.

3.8 INSTALLING CONCEALED MASONRY FLASHING

A. General: Whether or not specifically indicated, install flashing at all conditions

such as lintels and shelf angles, where the downward flow of any water within
the masonry will be interrupted, so that such water will be diverted to the
exterior. Extend flashings full width at such obstructions and at least 100
millimeters into adjoining masonry, or turn up to form watertight pan at non-
masonry construction. Remove or cover protrusions or sharp edges on
substrates which could puncture flashings. Place flashings on sloped mortar
bed; seal lapped ends and penetrations of flashing before covering with mortar.

1. Extend metal flashings through exterior face of masonry and turn down to
form drip.
2. Extend fabric or laminated flashings to within 6.5 millimeters of exterior
face of masonry.

B. Heads and Sills: Turn up ends of flashing at least 50 millimeters at heads and sills
to form a pan, and seal joints.

C. Sealing: Seal all joints in flashing to assure watertight integrity.

1. Seal deformed metal flashing at ends by lapping at 50 millimeters and

interlocking deformations; install sealant at lapped edge.
2. Lap end joints on nondeformed metal flashings at least 100 millimeters; seal
laps with elastic sealant or mastic.

3. Lap end joints of flexible flashings at least 100 millimeters; seal in

accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

D. Reglets and Other Accessories: Install to receive flashing where indicated.

3.9 REPAIRING MASONRY

A. Replacement: Carefully remove areas of damaged masonry and replace with

matching, undamaged units using mortar which matches original work.

B. Pointing: As joints are being tooled, remove mortar with visible holes or mortar
which cannot be compacted properly because of hidden voids, and replace with
fresh mortar, filling each joint completely and tooling to match adjacent work.

3.10 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Clean masonry after mortar is thoroughly set and cured.

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 1. Scrape off adhered mortar particles by hand, using non-metallic tools.
2. Comply with directions of concrete unit masonry manufacturer and NCMA
Tek Bulletin No. 45 for cleaning CMU.

B. Protection: Institute protective measures as required to ensure that unit masonry

work will be clean and undamaged at substantial completion.

END OF SECTION

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