* + + , - *
= > = ? @ A B C D E F G F H I J K L MN H O P Q MP F P F RH O O MS G MP F Q P O Q H L MI H O T H L H RH U P F Q H V P N MP L Q H RW F P H V P
T L X V G N N MY F Z [ X L RH N X \ T L H V P ] H ] ^ ^ G F MV H V P O P R N X O Q X T X L G F MV H V P O V P _ ` a ^ ^ b T X L N X \ T L H O
O G T P L MX L P O H ] ^ ^ P MF I P L MX L P O H c ^ ^ P R T L P N MX T X L G F MV H V O P V MO \ MF G d P P F G F ] c e d T H L H
N X \ T L H O O G T P L MX L P O H c ^ ^ O P f H N P G F V P O N G P F Q X H O G U H RX L G F MQ H L M X V P R ` c e g h O W \ MO \ X O P O H K P
G P RH I J K L MN H F X T G P V P H Q P F V P L T P V MV X O O G T P L MX L P O H ] ^ ^ ^ G F MV H V P O g j P Q P L \ MF P RH k O l
i
P N G H N MY F k P O l G P L P T L P O P F Q H F P R N X O Q X V P G F T P V MV X d L P T L P O P F Q P S L J I MN H \ P F Q P RH O MQ G H N MY F
i
m n o p q r s t u M R RH \ H \ X O v H R F w \ P L X V P G F MV H V P O G P T MV P G F N R MP F Q P d O P H x P R N X O Q X V P R T P V MV X b
i
O P T L P O P F Q H F RH O O MS G MP F Q P O O MQ G H N M X F P O Z
x 100 y = 2800 x
M P R N X O Q X V P R T P V MV X O P L J
u 15
100 < x < 500 y = 2800
M P R N X O Q X V P R T P V MV X O P L J
2800 x
100
u 25
500 x 1000 y = 2800
M P R N X O Q X V P R T P V MV X O P L J
2800 x
100
Como vemos la situacin anterior no est definida para todos los reales si no para el intervalo
[ ]
0 , 1000 y en este no tiene una sola ecuacin que lo represente. Este tipo de situacin recibe el
h f X L H X K O P L U P \ X O O G L P T L P O P F Q H N MY F S L J I MN H
nombre de funcin definida a trozos.
2000000
1600000
1200000
800000
400000
* + + , - *
A 7 : ; < = P 7 ; B ; 5 : Q= ; 8 : ; F R CS H H C 4 5 8 ; > T A6 A7 8 ;
M N O M
3500
< > ; 8 9 = : ; U VR H = C = W VH H < C C X ; < > ; 8 ; B 9 ; 5= 8 A9 @ = 6 AK B
M M
2800 P >
N
J A6 =
M
; B 9 ; Y ; B 6 @ ; B 9 > ; 5= ; 6 @ = 6 AK B C
2100
Z ; = [ \ ] ^ _\ ` a b c d \ \ e ^ f \ g \ ] a h i c d \ h j \ i b d g k \ l m n d ]b
f (x )
e \ h \ ] k h ]b i c d \ j \ p \ a h q h i \ ] d e d h i _b r
1400 o
s b ` b e \ b p e \ i k h \ g ]h q i f t _n h g b l h d g h e b ]h \ n d h n _u g
o
700 c d \ i \ a i \ e \ g ^ \ ]h e _^ d h n _ u g v a \ i b e _ n b g b n \ ` b e n h j h d g h
j \ ]h e \ n d h n _b g \ e c d \ i \ a i \ e \ g ^ h g ]h e i \ n ^ h e h e m w x h i h
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314
x ( 0 ; 1] x (1; 2 ]
v a h i h v
f ( x ) = 700 f ( x ) = 1.400
x (2 ; 3 ] f ( x ) = 2.100 x ( 3 ; 4 ] f ( x ) = 2.800 x ( 4 ; 13 .5 ]
v v v ]h n d h ] e \ a b j i f \ e n i _p _i h e m w
f ( x ) = 3.500
700 x (0 ; 1]
1400 x (1; 2 ]
f ( x ) = 2100 x (2 ; 3 ]
2800 x (3 ; 4 ]
3500 x ( 4 ; 13.5 ]
y e ^ h e _^ d h n _u g ^ h ` p _z g i \ n _p \ \ ] g b ` p i \ j \
funcin definida a trozos.
EJERCICIOS
1. La grfica representada en el plano cartesiano corresponde a una funcin definida a trozos.
f (x ) , sin buscar la ecuacin correspondiente, dibuje:
8 a. f (x + 2 )
b. f (x ) + 2
6
c. f (x )
4
f (x )
1
d.
2 2
e. f ( x )
Determine el valor de g ( 2 ) si
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
f.
-2
g (x ) = 2 + f (x + 2)
-4
-6
-8
* + + , - *
4
4
3
3
2
2
f(x)
1 g(x)
1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-1
-2
-2
Determine:
f (1) f (2) g (1) g (2)
(f + g )(1) (f + g )(2)
(f g )(1) (f g )(2)
Haga la grfica de (f + g )(x ) Haga la grfica de (f g )(x )
Dominio y Rango de (f + g )(x ) Dominio y Rango de (f g )(x )
? 7 3 @ 3 > ?4 3 = 4 2 > = 4 : ?H 4 : 0 6 0 J K L M N O P J Q R J P O
1. I
L J Q O P O ST U M K M V
3
f (x ) f (x )
V V
W X Y Z[ 2
W [ Z\ Y Z\
1
W [ Y Z]
W ^ Z] ^
W ^ Z\ ^ Z[ 3 2 1 1 2 3
W ^ Z[ ^ Z\ 1
W ^ ^ Z]
2
W Y Z] [
W Y Z\ [ _\
3
W Y Z[ X
` a b c d e f g hi f j a g k f k g hl c b c m n ho f g k m k pc d e f g hi f q j l k f l j c q r c g hc c n c s k d pk k q t j a j a g q hb c
Z
f (x ) = [ x ] x Z
f (x ) = x Z
f (x ) = floor (x )
* + + , - *
g (x ) = x [ x ]
c d e f g hi f pc p pc m c q j m k a / 0 1 23 4 3 5 6 7 0 8 4 3 9 : ; < = < < > ? @ A B@ C < > BD @ E<
2. .
9
3
f (x )
3 2 1 1 2 3
1
1 1 si x > 0
Sgn ( x ) =
1 si x < 0
3 2 1 1 2 3
1
9 9
f (x ) f (x )
[c
` a b 3
c [d [d
` b
c [e 2
` b
[e
` f f
1
[d [c
` f f
[c [d
` f f
[e 3 2 1 1 2 3
` f f
[e c 1
` b
[d c Kd
` b
2
[c
` b a
b 3
J < E< H C @ > BD @ 7 3 g h 1 3 g 23 1 h 7 0 i h 1 j k 3 9 l F J I ? @ I J < F ; < > B< < F F B\ < J E ] < E? F I J 9 K m M A < J M
5. P
f (x ) = x
> ? @ ? > BI < > ? Q ? > J B EB@ = n M J M BQ \ ? EBN < E EJ @ J E< M B= C BJ @ A J A < \ E< I J ] < E? F J M [ C \ B^ C J
E? M _ C @ A ? M [
* + + , - *
f (x ) f (x )
. .
/ 0 1 23 3
/ 3 24 1 24
2
/ 3 1 25
/ 6 25 6
1
/ 6 24 6 23
/ 6 23 6 24
3 2 1 1 2 3
/ 6 6 25
1
/ 1 25 3
/ 1 24 3 74
2
/ 1 23 0
1 3
6
x 2 si 3 x 1 2
5 6. 8 9 : f (x ) =
x + 1 si 1 < x
4
3
2
1
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
6 y
3
f(x) 7. ; 9 < 9 = > ?@ 9 A: 9 B C = 9 D ?E @ f (x ) F 9 A: G H @ I ?E @
x 2
: < = J K J D F 9 A: L = M G ?I : I J @ D H = 9 D C 9 I < ?N J
9 6 3 3 6 9
7
F J > ?@ ?J
6
45
40
9
35
1 2 30
25
20
8. O : G ?L H = : > H 9 D < = : 9 A @ ?N 9 A F 9 A : L H : 9 @ A: < ?@ : F 9 A D 9 P J = Q : AN ?D 9 @
G H @ I ?E @ F 9 A < ?9 > C J
7 R
A D 9 P J = Q : AN ? D C H 9 F 9 : S = ?= J I 9 = = : = 9 A L = ?G J
2 15
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
5
* + + , - *
7
C H 9 F 9 9 @ < = : = J D : A?= F 9 A: < ?@ : C H 9 F 9 : S = ?= J I 9 = = : = 9 A F 9 D : L H 9 D < 9 F F 9 S 9 F 9 D I = ?S ?= 9 @
2
C : A: S = : D AJ H 9 > H 9 D < = : A: G ?L H = : ?@ F ?I : @ F J H 9 H @ ?F : F 9 D D 9 9 D < M @ = 9 C = 9 D 9 @ < : @ F J 9 @ AJ D
7
9 9 D : A A: = A: 9 B C = 9 D ?E @ D ?> S E A?I : F 9 A: G H @ I ?E @ > J D < = : F :
9. ?9 @ D 9 9 @ AJ H 9 ?K J D < : > : P : @ :
7
; ?S H 9 A: F ?D < : @ I ?: 9 @ < = 9 H D < 9 F A: I : > : 9 @ G H @ I ?E @ F 9 A
10. R
@ 9 A L = M G ?I J 9 A 9 9 N 9 = < ?I : A = 9 C = 9 D 9 @ < : A: I : @ < ?F : F F 9 ? AE > 9 < = J D : AJ D H 9 D 9 9 @ I H 9 @ < = :
7 R
: = : J @ D H 9 AJ F 9 D H I : D : 9 @ H @ < ?9 > C J < ; ?: = ?: > 9 @ < 9 : = : J @ D H 9 AJ N : : A:
: F ?I < : =
2 7
I A: D 9 AH 9 L J N : : D H 9 > C = 9 D : C : = < ? I H A: = = 9 L = 9 D : : D H I : D :
R
a. H < : @ A9 J D 9 D < M A:
F 9 A: I : D : F 9 : = : J @ D H 9 AJ
R
b. H < ?9 > C J L : D < : : = : J @ D H 9 AJ C : = : ?= : A:
d. & ' # ( ) * * ! ! ! +
# , ! %
e. - $ $ , ! . / %
1 .2
(3.15;1)
0 .8
0 .4
! 3 4 4 5 6 2" * 7 * !
3 4 5 8 9 2 : 0 ! ! 2 . 7 9 ,
* 7 + 7 * ! + ! ! 2
a. ; ' # !
# ! ! !
, ! 7
* + + , - *
b. . , / ! " 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 " # *
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c. 1 0 ! # * 7 2
d. 2 ! ! / # ! 0 ! / "
f (x )
e. 2 " 0 ! / # 3 !
! '
f. - 0 ! f (3 , 5 )
g. 2 f (7 ) f ( 1)
h. 2 # $ * 4 56 7 89 : 6 ; < 86 = 9 7 = > ? @ A B
8; M G = 9 F 9 D F G Q = ; : 6 9 9 F ; 7 = ` a c @ @ D F G = I = B D 56 G B O 9 5F 9 8; M G = 9 F 9 D F G D E N 5 8< 87 6 7 L E = 9 F ; = 5
d d
@ e 9 F N G = 5F 9 8; M G = 9 F 9 F N : = ; 87 F 9 D F G Q = ; : 6 9 B O 9 6 5 5O 7 = 5F 9 @ @ @ = I = B D 56 G = 9 Y
b. f W E O 5= 9 9 = G O ; 56 9 E : 8 587 6 7 = 9 9 8 9 = Q = ; 7 = ; g h @ @ = I = B D 56 G = 9 i
c. f W E O ; : F 9 = I = B D 56 G = 9 7 = N = G O ; Q = ; 7 = G 9 = D 6 G 6 F N : = ; = G E ; 6 9 E : 8 587 6 7 = 9 9 = B 6 ; 6 5= 9 7 = 6 5
B = ; F 9 ` g j @ @ @ Y@ @ @ i
D = G 9 F ; 6 9 8 9 = G = n ; = ; a @ X B = ; F 9 H 9 8 9 = 9 E D = G 6 ; 56 9 a @ D = G 9 F ; 6 9 U 6 < = ; E ; 6 G = N 6 I 6 7 = 5 g @ e 6
< 6 7 6 D = G 9 F ; 6 Y
7 = Q 86 I = G F 9 V U 6 M 6 56 M G O J 8< 6
b. o E [ ; n B = G F 7 = D = G 9 F ; 6 9 7 = N = ; 8G = ; 56 = m < E G 9 8X ; D 6 G 6 L E = = 5 8; M G = 9 F 7 = 56 6 M = ; < 86 9 = 6
B O m 8B F Y
c. C 9 : 6 N 5= l < 6 = 5 7 F B 8; 8F 7 = 56 J E ; < 8X ;
d
14. k ; 6 = B D G = 9 6 7 = : 6 m 89 = ; p F M F : O < F N G 6 ` @ @ @ D F G = 5 D G 8B = G S 8 5X B = : G F G = < F G G 87 F X J G 6 < < 8X ;
* + + , - *
9 8 1 5 > 8 B
2 + 4 t si 0 t < 2
6 + 2 t si 2 t < 4
p (t ) =
14 si 4 t < 12
50 3 t si 12 t < 16
C D D D
? 0 E 5 ; 5 / 7 35 9 F 6 5 1 G 6 > 8 ; H 4 6 1 t =0I ? 5 4 6 > > 5 ; F 6 1 2 5 8 /8 ; J BK K 8 9 I t = 16 ? 5
4 6 > > 5 ; F 6 1 2 5 8 /8 ; L K BK K F 9 M
b. P ? O /5 ; ; 6 1 /6 ; 1 3 @ 5 /5 ; 2 5 4 6 1 7 8 9 31 8 4 3: 1 8 /8 ; Q BK K 8 9 H L R BK K 2 5 / 2 38 H J BK K F 9 I Q BK K
F M9
3
b. T U V WX WU Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
2
c. [ \ X ] U Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
1
d. ^ X _ ` a b \ cU d e ` f a ` f WV W` X _ U Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 e. ^ X _ ` a b \ cU d e ` e ` f a ` f WV W` X _ U Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
-1
f. g U U a e ` X \ e \ d h i X _ U V j X WV U kl l l l l l l l l l l l
g. g U U a e ` X \ e \ d h i X _ U V m n WV U k l l l l l l l l l l l
h. o d p i X f Wq X i X U \ i X U r Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
i. h U a s i t r Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
j. o d f a Wu \ c\ v w x y w z{ | s i ` a ` } a ` d ` X _ \ ` c d W] i W` X _ ` _ ` n _ U Y ~ \ p i X f Wq X ` b \ ci \ e \ ` X ` d ~
k. o d f a Wu \ c\ v w x y w z{ | s i ` a ` } a ` d ` X _ \ ` c d W] i W` X _ ` _ ` n _ U Y ~ \ p i X f Wq X ` b \ ci \ e \ ` X ` d ~
l. o d f a Wu \ c\ v w x y w z{ | s i ` a ` } a ` d ` X _ \ ` c d W] i W` X _ ` _ ` n _ U Y ~ \ WV \ ] ` X e ` ` d ~ Z Z Z Z Z Z
1. f (x ) = [ x ] 2. f (x ) = x [ x ] 3. f (x ) = Sgn(x )
4 4
2
2 2
1
-4 -2 2 4
-4 -2 2 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 -2
-2 -1
-4
-2
-4
* + + , - *
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
-4 -2 2 4 -2
-4 -2 2 4
-2
-2 -4
-4 -6
-4
8. 11.
2 x 18 si x 5 9. a. La escala utilizada para
3 x 17 si 5 < x 1 10. el eje x es de una
4 4
f ( x ) = 5 si 1 < x 4
7. a. 1,2 Km unidad corresponde a
2 x 13 si 4 < x 7 una hora y en el eje y
b. 30 minutos
2 x + 15 si x > 7 cada unidad equivale a
0,2 Km 4
c. m= = 40 kilmetros
0,15h 3 recorridos.
d. Barrio Mirandela b. La razn entre la
e. A pie pues llevaba una distancia y el tiempo es
velocidad promedio de CONSTANTE y
2,4 K/hora
equivale a VELOCIDAD
Haga la grfica que
represente todo el viaje.
* + + , - *
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
d. f ( x ) = 80 x
12. 13.
a. La Utilidad = Ingresos Costos a. Calcule la funcin que
3900 x 3500 x si x 2000 representa el ingreso total de la
U (x ) = 20 agencia en funcin del nmero
3900 x + 100 (3900 x ) 3500 x si x > 2000 de viajeros y haga la grfica.
100.000 x si 0 x 30
b. Si se venden 1800 ejemplares se tiene I (x ) =
U (1800 ) = 3900 (1800 ) 3500 (1800 ) = $720 .000
90.000 x si x > 30
c. Observemos la grfica Debe venderse
2.001 ejemplares 4000000
3000000
3000000
2000000
2000000
1000000
1000000
2000 4000
30
* + + , - *
14. 15.
2.000 0 x 1.000 a.
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
b. 10, 14, 14, 8
16.
x + 4 x [ 4 , 0 ]
3
a. f (x ) = x + 4 x ( 0 , 2 ]
2
x 1 x (2 , 4 ]
b. [ 4 , 4 ]
c. [0 , 4 ]
d. ( 4 , 0 ) (2 , 4 )
e. (0 , 2 )
f. ( 4 , 0 )
g. (0 , 4 )
h. No
i.
j. f (2 ) = 1
k. f (x ) = 2
l. f (4) = 3