CE 203: Surface Water Hydrology

Assignment No: 1

Note: Use suitable software, wherever necessary. Due date for submission is 14th November, 2017

1. Analyse streamflow data for a gauge nearest to your native place by (i) plotting the time
series of the data, and (ii) examining monthly and annual variation of streamflow (in
Mm3) at the station by using box-plots. Mention inferences drawn based on the analysis.
List dates of major flood and drought events that occurred in your native place and
briefly describe its effects by citing the source for the information.
[Note: The streamflow data could be downloaded by registering in the official website of India WRIS,
http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wris.html . Steps to access the India WRIS datasets are provided in
the attached file]

2. Consider the following figure:

Pipe

Average density: b (t)

Control surface is expanding

outwards with radius R(t)
Balloon is being filled with air through a pipe of cross-sectional area A1. Let the air
velocity be V1 and air density be 1. Derive an expression for rate of change of mass of
the system within the balloon at time instant t. By considering the principle of
conservation of mass, find the relation between air density and radius of the balloon.

3. Consider a rectangular area whose (x,y) coordinates are (0,0),(4,0),(0,4) and (4,4). The
area is 4 km by 4 km (length by width) and one coordinate represents 1 km. This area
has four rain gauges (A, B, C, D). Locations of the gauges are shown in Fig.1, and the
rainfall amounts recorded at the gauges are provided in Table 1.

Table 1. Rainfall records

Gauge coordinates Rainfall

Rain gauge
(km,km) (cm)
A (1,1) 5
B (1,3) 10
C (3,3) 8
D (3,1) 12
 4
B C
3

1
A D

1 2 3 4
Fig.1. Location of rain gauges

Determine the mean rainfall using Thiessen polygon method and compare the estimate
with that obtained using arithmetic average method. Mention inference(s) drawn based
on the estimates obtained using the two methods.

4. Water is flowing over an asphalt parking lot with slope 0.5 percent and Manning's
n = 0.015. Calculate the velocity and flow rate if the flow is 1.27 cm deep. Check if the
criterion for fully turbulent flow is satisfied. Compute the velocity and flow rate using
Darcy-Weisbach equation and Moody diagram. By what percent is the velocity
obtained using this procedure different from that obtained if Manning's equation had
been used? Assume kinematic viscosity is 1 10-6 m2/s.

5. From the hydrologic records of past 50 years (1968-2017) for a drainage basin of area
500 km2, the average annual rainfall is estimated as 100 cm. Infiltration and
evapotranspiration losses in the basin are estimated as 17 cm and 50 cm, respectively.
A reservoir, having an average surface area of 1700 hectares, is planned at the basin
outlet to collect available runoff for supplying water to a nearby community having
25,000 population. The annual evaporation over the reservoir surface is estimated as
130 cm. Determine the available average annual withdrawal from the reservoir for
water supply. Predict the year when there will be shortage of water supply by
considering minimum water supply of 200 litres per capita per day (lpcd) and
population growth rate to be 2% per year.

6. Estimate precipitable water (mm) over 1 km2 area from a 10-km-high saturated
atmospheric column. Assume surface pressure = 101.3kPa, and the lapse rate =
6.5C/km. Assess variation in the estimate to different surface temperature conditions
(10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degree Celsius), and different values (1, 2 and 5 km)
considered for increment of elevation (or slice thickness) in calculations. Plot a graph
showing the variation of precipitable water depth versus surface temperature, for each
increment of elevation.