EKABHASHALIPI PRASAMSA

by V. APPARAO

Classic Literature Collection

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Title: EKABHASHALIPI PRASAMSA

Author: V. APPARAO

Language: English

Subject: Fiction, Literature

'LJLWDOPublisher: World Public Library Association

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BY

V. APP A RA O.

with an Introduction in English

BY

SARADACHARAN MITTER ESQ.. M. A., B,

Ex-Judge of the High Court of

common language and a common script are among

1 *

the factors in nation -building

Hon, Mr. Krishnaswami Iyer. C. 1- E

Kc gimlet cB.

MADRAS.

1912.
TITLE PAGE & PREFACE PRINTED'

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1-2-12
 INTRODUCTION.

One of the greatest draw-backs to the social,.

Literary, and even political unification of India is the

absence of a common script for dialects and languages-
now current in it and a common language of litera-
ture suitable to the genius of the people. India has

now more than a dozen scripts used in its different

Bengal has Bengali, Orissa Uria, Southern

parts ;

India has Telugu, Tamil, Canarese and Malayalam,.

Western India lias Maharathi and Guzarathi, North
ern India and Central India the Devanagari, Kaithi,.
Gurunutkhi and Urdu beside Mcrhajanis.' The diver-
sity is a great puzzle to linguists and the gratest

obstacle to inter-communication. Except the Urdu

which uses the Persian character all the other scripts-
are similar to the Devanagari and although they may
and
not have been derived from the Devanagari
be the original typer.
although the Asoka script might
but they are so distinguishable from
each other that
be said to be=
for ordinary purposes they may
all"

different. Time and space have immensely separated

which use these;
them. The dialects and languages
various scripts are not so different from each other
as the scripts themselves.
It is now universally admitted that a common
script and a common literary language are essential
 factors to the formation of a nation out of peoples

apparently disunited.
The most powerful bonds of
union are alphabet, script and language. Modern
Europe has shown that religion is not so important a
factor as language. Bengal has successfully asserted
nationality on the basis of the Bengali language. So
it is xvith the Hindi speaking people and Behar has
successfully claimed separation. The true unity,
however, of India, especially of its Hindu population
Avhich is substantially two-thirds of the entire unit,
must on a uniform alphabet with uniform symbols
rest
of elementary sounds and a language of literature
which all educated people through-out the length
and breadth of India must be able to read and write i

in, Sanskrit filled ancient India the desideratum of

a -common language. There was one script for it
whatever it was. Modern India, however, has not
learned the use of these essentials of We are
unity.
now politically united and a foreign language difficult
to learn and still more difficult to use is our vehicle
of
inter-communication. But an exotic and unsuitable
vehicle may, like the Latin in
Europe, be used
temporarily by a few,. The English or more
ap.
propriately the. Roman script has admittedly serious
defects and it cannot
long be used for intercommuni-
cation. India must have its own
script based on the
best phonetic rules and the science
of utterance of
sounds. In Devanagari it had such an
alphabet and
a series of characters. Modern India with its
diverse and distinguishable sounds in its different
parts may require new symbols-, but substantially a
script of Indian origin -which the great grammarian
Maharshi Panini says
"
Maha devadadhigatini "
should be adopted with additions and perhaps with
.necessary modifications.

The people, however, must be awakened and the

necessity of a common script must be impressed on
them. They must be shown the light before they
can emerge from darkness. The. vehicle of English
is not sufficient for the general public. The promoters

of Ekalipi must address the people in their own

dialects or languages. A few English knowing
gentlemen are like a drop in the vast ocean.

Mr. Appa Rao has touched the true chord. He

has adopted the Telugu for the large population
speaking that language. He has done immense
services cause of 'the diffusion of the idea of
to the
the necessity of a uniform script. He has handled
the subject with a master's hand and deserves the
thanks of the public. The Hon'ble Mr. Krishnaswami
Iyer was a devoted advocate of a common script for
India. The Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda has fully
felt its necessity and literary unifica-
for the social
tion of India. Others including myself have persis-
tently made humble efforts in its cause, but the book-
let of .Mr. Appa Rao will do more 'good than many
speeches in English*
 Spontaneous development of ideas and natural
growth must have genesis in the people themselves.
Th'e*' ideas are always in, although in a dormant
state
They h& to be touched by the magic wand to be
ij

awakehe'd afid progress fs natural. The mass of the

;

people must clamour for a common script throughout

India.

-
"
85, Grey Street,
- Saradacharan Mitter.
,-
CALCUTTA, (Sd.)
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"
Like the Pahlavi and Modern Persian, the Urdu is
also one of those unfortunate languages
o r>
which have their
alphabet determined by an alien people which is naturally
unsuited to the genius of the language and does not
express all the sounds in it. The Urdu alphabet is both
redundant and deficient. For certain words there are a
number of letters whereas other sounds are not expressed
at all , A
most useful peculiarity in the
alphabet of the Aryan languages is, that the vowel sounds
are always expressed by means of letters, whereas in the
Semitic languages the vowel is expressed by arbitrary
1

signs known as
(
zer
'
zebar
'

'pish' Tanveen' etc...

It is thus evident that the reading of an Aryan language

is very much easier than that of a Semitic one
Hence in a language like the Arabic, it is not possible to
read even a single sentence without knowledge of grammar
whereas the merest tyro, after learning the Sanskrit, Greek
and Latin alphabets is able easily to read every sentence

although he may not understand its meaning

'It is easily intelligible, how this uncongenial mode of writing
has made theacquirement of Urdu so extra-ordinanly
difficult and no one can wonder that our children take more
than two years simply to read fluently their own mother-

tongue, This difficulty in the acquirement of Urdu rea-

ding has been and is to this day the chief cause of the
backwardness of Mohamaden education "%

SD.

Co OL

oc Cc) oL C9 o

550,0

^Introduction to Saeyed AH Beligramis Tamaddun-in

Arab pp 23-26, Quoted in Hindustan Review, June 1910
by Nishi Kanth Chatophadyaya,
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