TEST & INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS (As per

IEC 60076 & IS 2026)

FAT (Factory
Pre-
Type Routine Acceptance Test)
Description of Test Commissioning Remarks
Test Test or Inspection
Test
Test
Measurement of
Y Y Y Y Y - Yes
Insulation Resistance
Measurement of
Y Y Y Y
Winding Resistance
Ratio Test Y Y Y Y
Vector Group Test Y Y Y Y
Magnetic Core C-Customer
Y Y C Y
Balance Test Choice
Measurement of No-
load loss & Exciting Y Y C Y
Current
Measurement of
Impedance Voltage Y Y C Y
& Load Loss
Calculation of Y Y N N N - No
Efficiency & Voltage
Regulation
Temperature Rise
Y N N N
Test
Measurement of
Insulation Power Y Y N N
Factor
Lightning Impulse
Y N N N
Test on Bushing
Separate Source
Voltage Withstand Y Y N N
Test
Induced Overvolatge
Y Y N N
Withstand Test
Test on On-Load Tap
Changer (If Y Y C Y
applicable)
Tests on Bushing CT
Y Y N Y
(If Applicable)
Tests on Protective
Devices (OTI, WTI,
Y Y C Y
Buch Holz Relay &
MOG)
As per
General Inspection Y Y Y Y Approved
Drawing
Vacuum Test & Oil
Y Y N N
Tightness Test
Tests on Insulation
Y Y C Y
Oil (If Applicable)

1. MEASUREMENT OF INSULATION RESISTANCE:

Transformer Temperature : oC

Make of Megger :

Sl. No. of Megger :

Recommended Test Voltage: 2.5kV or 5kV for all HV Windings & 500V or 1000V
for all LV Windings

Description HV to Earth LV to Earth HV o LV

1 Minute Value

The Minimum values of IR Values shall be :

Voltage Class of
Minimum IR Values in Mega
Winding
At 30 oC At 40 oC At 50 oC At 60 oC
66 & 132 kV 600 300 150 75
22 & 33 V 500 250 125 62.5
6.6 & 11 V 400 200 100 50
< 6.6 kV 200 100 50 25

2. MEASUREMENT OF WINDING RESISTANCE:

Use a good quality low-resistance meter or use Kelvin's Double Bridge

Perform measurement on all Taps

Check with the Transformer Routine Test Certificate

Transformer Temperature: oC

Make of Meter/Bridge

Sl. No. of Meter/Bridge

Winding Resistance in Ohms

Tap No.
1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2u2v 2v2w 2w2u
1
2

3. RATIO TEST:

Perform the test on all taps

Apply 3 Phase, 50Hz, Low Voltage, say, 415V to the HV Winding with the LV
winding open circuited and measure the voltage in the secondary winding

Use good quality voltmeters for measurement; use same meter for measuring HT &
LT Volts
 Check with the ratio declared in the transformer name plate/routine test certificate

Caution: Do not apply voltage to LV Terminals, as this would induce dangerously

high voltages at the HV Terminals

Actual
Tap Applied Volts Measured Volts Ratio Calculated
Ratio
No.
1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2u2v 2v2w 2w2u 1U1V/2u2v 1V1W/2v2w 1W1U/2w2u
1
2

4. VECTOR GROUP TEST:

Short the terminals 1U & 2u using a wire of right size (say 2.5 sq.mm Cu.)

Apply 3 Phase, 50Hz, Low Voltage, say, 415V to the HV Winding with the LV
winding open circuited and measure the voltage in the HV/LV windings

Use good quality voltmeters for measurement; use same meter for measuring HT &
LT Volts

Check if the equations for the relevant vector group are satisfied

Caution: Do not apply voltage to LV Terminals, as this would induce dangerously

high voltages at the HV Terminals

For example, for Dyn 11 Vector Group, the following equations must satisfy:

i) 1V2w = 1V2v

ii) 1W2w < 1W2v

iii) 1U2n +1V2n = 1U1V

Similarly, equations could be derived for any other vector group and test results can
be crosschecked.

5. MAGNETIC CORE BALANCE TEST:

Apply 2 Phase, 50Hz, Low Voltage, say, 415V to the HV Winding with the LV
winding open circuited and measure the voltage in the HV windings

Use good quality voltmeters for measurement; use same meter for measuring
applied & measured Volts
 Check if the balance conditions are satisfied

Caution: Do not apply voltage to LV Terminals, as this would induce dangerously

high voltages at the HV Terminals

Applied Volts Measured Volts

Remarks (Equations
1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U for Balance
Conditions)
(415) --- --- --- (398) (17) 1V1W > 1W1U

--- (415) ---- (212) ---- (213) 1U1V =1W1U

---- ---- (415) (31) (384) ---- 1U1V <1V1W

6. MEASUREMENT OF NO-LOAD LOSS & EXCITING CURRENT:

Perform the test on normal tap

Apply 3 Phase, 50Hz, Low Voltage, say, 415V to the HV Winding with the LV
winding open circuited and measure the voltage, current & power in the HV winding

Use good quality meters for measurement

Check with the exciting current/no-load loss declared in the transformer routine
test certificate

Caution: Do not apply voltage to LV Terminals, as this would induce dangerously

high voltages at the HV Terminals

Applied Volts (V) Measured Current (mA)

Terminal Volts Winding Current
1U1V 1U
1V1W 1V
1W1U 1W

Note: From the above data, we can calculate that if the exciting current is 'x'
milliamperes for the test voltage applied (say 415V), what would be the exciting
current for the rated primary volts of the transformer.

Exciting current at rated primary volts = ("x"/415) x Rated primary voltage

of the transformer.

The current calculated above shall be approximately 2% to 4% of the rated

transformer primary current.

7. MEASUREMENT OF IMPEDANCE VOLATGE & LOAD LOSS

Perform the test on normal tap

Apply 3 Phase, 50Hz, Low Voltage, say, 415V to the HV Winding with the LV
winding short circuited and measure the voltage in the HV winding and current &
power in the LV winding

Use good quality meters for measurement

Check with the % impedance/load loss declared in the transformer name

plate/routine test certificate

Caution: Do not apply voltage to LV Terminals, as this would induce dangerously

high voltages at the HV Terminals

Applied Volts (V) Measured Current in LV Winding (A)

Terminal Volts
1U1V
1V1W
1W1U

Note: From the above, we can calculate that if for the test voltage (say 415V), the SC
Current is 'y' amps, then what it would be for the rated primary voltage of the
transformer.

Rated SC Current = ('y'/415) x Rated Primary Voltage

Then, we can calculate % impedance:

% Impedance = (Rated Secondary FLC/Rated SC Current) x 100

8. Test on On-Load Tap Changer: All operational checks (Manual &

Motorised Operations)

9. Tests on Bushing CT: All tests as per IS 2705 like Polarity, Winding Resistance,
Accuracy, Ratio Test, Mag.Characteristics, etc.
10. Tests on Protective Devices: Check all protective devices for correct operation,
settings, calibration, etc.

11. General Inspection: Check for Physical Dimensions, Clearances, Creepages, etc,
as per approved drawings; Inspect for any visual damages to any components.

12. Tests on Insulating Oil: BDV shall be 60kV across a gap of 2.5mm with 12.5mm
Dia. Spheres. Ask for test certificate.