University of San Agustin

College of Technology

Department of Architecture

Green Architecture: A Sustainable Lifestyle in Iloilo

Submitted by:

Iris Joy Bergantinos

Muzziel Mae Cinco

Cris Marie Danay

Benjie Latriz

Jhophet Travia

Submitted to:

Mrs. Frances Marie Adeja-Montao

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Background and Theoretical Framework

Over the past decades, an increasing number of studies have documented that experiences in, or

of, Nature can be beneficial for human health and well-being. More specifically, contact with

Nature has been reported to have psychological benefits by reducing stress, improving attention,

by having a positive effect on mental restoration, and by coping with attention deficits.

A sustainable lifestyle in Iloilo takes time in learning, experimenting, exploring, and committing

to increasingly sustainable practices and, above all, it is the labor of love. Living green is all

about reducing pollution and creating a safe and healthy environment to provide for a sustainable

future. It is such a simple principle and yet if it is extended to include all living beings it requires

a complete shift in how we live our lives. Every choice we make impacts others through its

creation, its distribution, its use and its disposal. This case study will be a stepping stone to

Iloilos way of living in the near future.

Statement of the Problem

1. How can architecture and development play their roles in the citys sustainability?

2. what are the factors that can affect sustainability?

3. Can Green Architecture improve the daily lives of each individual?

Conceptual Framework

Roles of architecture and

development in the city's
sustainability

Factors that can affect Green architecture: A

sustainability sustainable lifestyle in iloilo

Improvement of each
individual's daily lives
Significance of the Study

This case study will benefit the following:

Interior Design Students

In this case study, Architecture students will benefit in their area of learning where

sustainability and green design can help them improve their profession.

Interior Design Instructors

This case study, Architecture instructors will benefit in their area of teaching wherein

they can use this design problem as a reference for Design courses.

This case study will serve as their future research source.

Definition of Terms

In this study, Green Architecture means a building and structure design philosophy that

aims at minimal use of non-renewable and/or polluting materials and resources in construction

and use of a facility.

In this study, Environment means a sum total of all surroundings of a living organism,

including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and

growth as well as of danger and damage.

In this study, Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative

environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy,

and development space and the ecosystem at large. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious

approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.

In this study, Environmental Sustainability means a maintenance of the factors and

practices that contribute to the quality of environment on a long-term basis.

In this study, Natural Environment means a climate, weather, and natural resources that

affect human survival and economic activity.

 In this Study, Energy efficiency means a goal to reduce the amount of energy required to

provide products and services.

In this study, Solar panels means absorb the sunlight as a source of energy to generate

electricity or heat.

In this study, Solar water heating (SWH) means a conversion of sunlight into heat for

water heating using a solar thermal collector. A variety of configurations are available at varying

cost to provide solutions in different climates and latitudes. SWHs are widely used for residential

and some industrial applications.

In this study, Heat pump means a device that transfers heat energy from a source of heat

to a destination called a "heat sink". Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy in the

opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing

it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses a small amount of external power to accomplish the work

of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.

In this study, Recycling means a process of converting waste materials into new materials

and objects. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help

lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials

and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials.

In this study, Waste management or waste disposal means an activities and actions

required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes amongst other

things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and

regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste

management encompassing guidance on recycling

In this study, Urbanism means a characteristic ways of interaction of inhabitants of towns

and cities (urban areas) with the built environment.

 In this study, Tropical Design means is the STRATEGIC arrangement of elements in

buildings and structures to respond to specific conditions of weather, sun and climate

prevalent in the Tropic Region.

Scope and Delimitation

This case study will focus on the The scope of Green architecture is about creating a

sustainable method of green building design. It is making an eco-friendly building with the

design and construction considering the environment in mind. Green architects generally work

with the key concepts of creating an energy efficient, environmentally friendly house.

Architecture can make use of creating a copy of nature as its model either by making a new

building, or adapting an existing building, both environmentally friendly, in terms of materials

used, the space it occupies, and how it can be energy efficient. This study however does not

include the applications used, the impact of green architecture to the growing technology and the

implementation of this to the society.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.0 Sustainability

According to Akadiri, P. (2012). Design of a Sustainable Building: A Conceptual

Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector. Sustainable building is

considered as a way for the building industry to move towards protecting the environment. The

promotion of sustainable building practices is to pursue a balance among economic, social, and

environmental performance in implementing construction projects. If we accept this, the link

between sustainable development and construction becomes clear; construction is of high

economic significance and has strong environmental and social impacts. With the growing

awareness on environmental protection, this issue has gained wider attention from construction

practitioners worldwide. Implementing sustainable building construction practices has been

advocated as a way forward in fostering economic advancement in the building industry while

minimizing impact on the environment. In order to reduce these detrimental impacts of

construction on the environment and to achieve sustainability in the industry, three principles

emerge: resource efficiency, cost efficiency and design for human adaptation. They form

framework for integrating sustainability principles into construction projects right from the

conceptual stage.

The researcher would adopt sustainable design as it is widely used by different designer

around the world. The sustainable technique in building design helps through economic, social,

and environmental aspects of a particular building. Since the problem of the project affect the

aspects of sustainable design the researcher in terms of space planning and overall design of the

building should sustainably responsible to its users, environment, and the building itself.

2.0 Green Architecture

According to Damati, S. (2013). Principles in green architecture: An inquiry into the

evaluation criteria of green awards. In the process of green movement, different concepts such

as ecological design, sustainable development and green design have been introduced into the

practice of architecture. Ecological design is defined as any form of

design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with

living processes116 and sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

But, coming to the more popular concept of green, the critics and theoreticians are skeptical

about it and refrain from defining green or green building, and most of the related interpretations

are approximate ones.

What is now obvious is that, the attempts are toward specifying features and principles that could

assert that a building which is green. Organizations and institutions involved in environmental

issues each provide their own criteria in order to draw a green building. The organizations

holding award programs are also among them, which specify green criteria and let the nominated

buildings compete with each other according to those criteria.

Beside award programs, the certifications such as LEED and BREEAM by environmental

organizations also evaluate the designed and constructed buildings. These programs are

evaluating projects more quantitatively, but they do not compare the buildings with each other.

They just maintain the amount of the succession of the green principles in buildings.

According to Rakotondramiaran, H. (2015). Dynamic Simulation of the Green Roofs

Impact on Building Energy Performance, Case Study of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Although

the large island of Madagascar is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn, the capital Antananarivo

has rather a cool and humid microclimate. Indeed, while comparing CDD and HDD of this city

region, energy needed for heating buildings is much higher than that required for cooling.

Coupling a hygrothermal green roof model with a thermal model of building has been developed

to dynamically evaluate the impact of the green roof on energy performance and thermal comfort

of the building. Our main conclusion is that, considering energy savings and thermal comfort

during summer and winter days, green roofs are suitable. The fluctuation range of the top face

temperature of the roof support is reduced by 28 C under Antananarivo climate conditions with

the use of a green roof. Green roof has almost a negligible thermal impact in insulated buildings,

whereas in the case of non-insulated ones their impacts are significant.

It is widely known that green design is one of the solutions in current problems in

building design as it responds to the environment issue. The researcher would adopt this design

technique for the extension of the outside environment to the building interior as it should be

design with nature. Having green areas within the building can help air to filter and the refresh

the interior environment.

3.0 Tropical design

 According to Karol, E. (2014). Climatic Design and Changing Social Needs in the

Tropics: A Case Study in Kuching, Sarawak. On the periphery of most urban centres in the

tropics, many new houses are being constructed in previously rural areas. However, the design of

these houses shows little respect for local climate or local lifestyle, as they are now developer-

constructed brick-and-concrete houses on smaller lots rather than community-built housing on

large lots. This paper proposes a set of design strategies that acknowledges the particular needs

related to climate and changing lifestyle in these tropical zones. Using case study methodology,

the design strategies are tested on a prototype for an actual site in Tapah Village on the periphery

of Kuching, Sarawak. In order to gauge the thermal performance of the prototype it was

thermally simulated. The thermal simulation of the prototype showed that temperatures generally

remained within an acceptable range without air-conditioning. An informal workshop was held

in Tapah to gauge social acceptance of the design strategies. The prototype demonstrated that

specific design strategies, some based on traditional designs, are essential in the tropics in order

to minimize the need for air conditioning. These design strategies were acknowledged as

important by the local community, although there was concern about the potential increase in the

capital cost of such housing.

According to Al-Saffar. M. (2015). Passive Cooling Strategies in Greening Existing

Residential Building in Hot Dry Climate: Case Study in Bahrain. Passive cooling design

techniques in hot arid climate are only successful if all the design elements are able to block the

heat during the summer season. In the case of Bahrain, the aim of passive design strategies is to

reduce the mechanical cooling energy consumption and to keep the indoor environment within

the comfort thresholds as per ASHRAE standards. This paper shows that upgrading the building

envelop can reduce the energy dramatically up to 21.6% via using the external insulation system,

insulated roof and double-glazing. The study used a typical existing social housing unit in

Bahrain. The case study has been validated by comparing the energy records given by Electricity

and Water Authorities in Bahrain and a simulation model created in IES software that is the main

simulation tool used in this study. Last but not the least, it can be argued that the results of this

study is not limited to Bahrain but can be applied in any location that has similar local and

climatic conditions.

According to Deshmukh, N. (2014). Case Study on Building Orientation. Buildings

account for more than 30%of electricity consumption in India being second only to industries. It
has been estimated that the total built space in the country would increase five-fold from 2005 to

2030, and by then more than 60%of the commercial built space would be air- conditioned. We

have made a detailed study on the orientation of building and worked onit, so that how it can

harness maximum daylight and reduce the heat gain by the building. In this case study we came

up with conclusion that instead of existing building orienting 4 degrees from north, if would been

oriented 200 degrees from north, the building would have become more energy efficient and

reduction in heat will be up to 7.56% and curtail on cost consumption.

Philippines is one of the tropical country in the world that experience summer during

March to May. The researcher would adopt the tropical architecture design and technique to

maximize the natural air and light inside building in terms of arranging the building orientation

properly. Also using passive cooling techniques and solar shading devices can help the air to

enter the building and to minimize the sun light from entering a particular space.

4.0 Innovative Design

According to Sultana, F. (2012). Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Consumption in

Bangladesh. Bangladesh has continuously evolving problem with water supplies, not adequate

to meet even the minimum requirements for potable water. Surface water is being incessantly

contaminated by both industrial and human pollutions; rapidly increasing demands due to

population explosion results in withdrawal of ground water at a faster rate than it is replenished

by recharge. This problem can easily be mitigated through rainwater harvesting, taking

advantage of high quantities of rainfall in the country. This study explores the possibility of

rainwater harvesting for domestic consumption in urban areas of Bangladesh and proposes some

guidelines to compute storage requirements. Based on these guidelines, computation methods for

determining the quantities of rainwater available for collection in different urban regions of

Bangladesh and adequacy of those quantities for residential consumption have been determined.

These tools can be used for (1) determining the quantities of rainwater required for domestic

consumption in urban areas of Bangladesh and (2) size of cisterns for storage of the rainwater.

According to Habacon, A. (2014). Mitigating Water Shortages With Greywater

Recycling. Greywater (GW) is wastewater that originates from showers, sinks, dishwashers,

and washing machines. It is normally combined with blackwater (BW), which is wastewater

consisting of organic human waste such as feces and urine, for disposal in a shared sewage
system that transports the water to treatment facilities. Although it may contain the same

contaminants found in BW, GW normally has lower levels of concentrated contaminants and can

be reused to flush toilets and irrigate plants (Allen, Christian-Smith, & Palaniappan, 2010).

GW constitutes 50-80% of the residential wastewater produced in a typical American household,

which equates to approximately 80 gallons of freshwater a day per person (Al Jayyousi, 2003).

In a highly populated county like Los Angeles, which currently has a population of 10 million

people (United States Census Bureau, 2013), an estimated 800 million gallons of GW would be

produced on a daily basis.

To decrease the amount of freshwater used, steps were taken to utilize alternative water sources

that were previously deemed unusable (Cohen, 2009). One of these steps is the implementation

of greywater recycling systems (GRS), which may be indoor or outdoor systems that recycle GW

for non-potable purposes such as toilet flushing, landscaping, and irrigation.

According to Aghaei, T. (2014). Solar Electric and Solar Thermal Energy: A Summary

of Current Technologies. Statistics indicate that the production, conversion and consumption of

different types of energy are the main factors for destruction and pollution of the environment

among the man-made factors. However, not only the world's energy consumption will remain

constant, but forecasts indicate that consumption will continue growing due to increasing

population, the desire for prosperity and increasing per capita GDP (gross domestic product) in

the world.

Consequences of energy consumption are increasing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and

also SOX and NOX emissions. Studies show that there are two main solutions to mitigate this

issue (1) Increasing energy efficiency and (2) Increase the share of renewable energy in the

global energy mix.

For many years, the majority of the industry relies on fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas).

Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources that need for thousands of years to create, therefore,

fossil fuels cannot always respond to all human needs and sooner or later it will end.

Innovation can help building systems to recycle the water and sun light through the use of

water harvesting, greywater recycling, and solar energy. The researcher will adopt this

technology to help lessen the consumption of electricity from the electrical service and water

from local source. This can help the building system to be sustainable in terms of service and

utility.
5.0 Culture

Acoording to Abaya, M. (2015). I Am-Filipino: A Comparative Cultural Case Study of

Filipino Diaspora in the United States and the Generational Gaps between Filipinos and Fil

Americans. The short-term perspective of Filipino immigrants is that moving to the United

States is economically beneficial, a means to a better life. However, in the long run, a possible

consequence of this transfer is the severing of ties between Filipino generations residing in the

United States. In this regard, the study seeks to determine if the initial diasporic movement

indeed affects the development of cultural differences between the three generations of Filipinos

and FilipinoAmericans. Another objective is to study the concept of the Filipino identity living in

a foreign land and the impact of transnationality on the relationship between Filipino-Americans

and their motherland. Moreover, the researcher will provide an analysis on the trends in culture

clash and gaps in relation to the sociocultural development of the three generations, specifically

in the Virginia and Maryland states. Certain cultural indicators are found that can contribute to

the analysis. These indicators will be used in a cultural indicators comparative tool to evaluate

the trends, similarities and differences across the three generations. The research shows negative

social implications caused by the migration, looking into causes of cultural gaps between the

traditional first generation Filipino and the Westernized second and third generations, and its

impact on the Filipino and transnational identity.

Adopting the Filipino culture would be the one to be considered by the researcher as it

will be the base in planning and designing the building. It can also be an identity to the location

of the proposed project.

6.0 Materials

According to Mokal, A. (2015). GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS - A Way towards

Sustainable Construction. We have studied features of all construction material which are

socially, economically benefits for construction industry and human health. Green construction

material reduces side effects on environment.to make efficient sustainable structure as well as

will lessens the environmental pollution content, and like greenhouse gas emission, resource

depletion, soil pollution , health hazards , ozone depletion etc. Hence there is an urge to use the

eco-friendly materials for the better tomorrow and healthy life of coming generation.
 According to Wahlstrm, M. (2014). Environmentally Sustainable Construction

Products and Materials Assessment of release. The main objectives of sustainable

construction activities are to avoid resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials and to

prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life

cycle. The construction sector consumes yearly about half of all natural resources extracted in

Europe and their transformation into building products has huge energy demands. Therefore the

focus of todays environmental policy is to be on the building end-of-life scenarios and material

efficiency. Here waste prevention and recycling /reuse play a key role by providing huge energy,

water and material savings. These issues are also specifically addressed in the Construction

Products Regulation1 (CPR 2011), where health and safety aspects related to use of construction

products cover of the entire lifecycle. Meanwhile the building sector is moving from new

buildings towards maintenance and renovation. This trend will probably further increase by the

energy conservation activities that will be required to achieve the 20-20-20 goals2 outlined by

EC resulting in a need of renovation of a huge amount of buildings. Until today hardly any

construction product is designed keeping recycling/reuse in mind, the Design for the

Environment -concept is one of the key steps towards increased recycling and reuse and thereby

towards minimal environmental impacts of construction and operations.

In terms of choosing materials the researcher would adopt the recyclable material for

sustainable construction and to minimize the environmental impact as it can be recycled for

another purpose.
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