Manjoine M. J., Voorhees H. R.-Compilation of Stress-Relaxation Data For Engineering Alloys PDF

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
COMPILATION OF
STRESS-RELAXATION DATA
FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
Prepared for
The Metal Properties Council
and ASTM-ASME-MPC Joint Committee on
Effect of Temperature on the
Properties of Metals
by M. J. Manjoine and H. R. Voorhees
ASTM Data Series Publication DS 60
ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN)

05-060000-30
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1982
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 81-70979
NOTE
The Society is not responsible, as a body,
for the statements and opinions
advanced in this publication.
Printed in Baltimore, Md. (c)

September 1982
Foreword
This book compiles published and known data on The members of Subcommittee 5 of The Metal
stress relaxation of metals and alloys of engineering Properties Council are as follows:
interest. It contains all data from the previous ASTM
Special Technical Publication No. 187, by the ASTM- M.J. Manjoine, Chairman (Westinghouse
ASME-MPC Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature Research Laboratories)
on the Properties of Metals. S. F. Collis (Alcoa Research Laboratories)
S. G. Epstein (The Aluminum Association)
This current project was sponsored by the Metal R. F. Gill (General Electric Company)
Properties Council, Inc. under the guidance of its F. Kull (SPS Technologies, Inc.)
Subcommittee 5 on Stress Relaxation. The data were R. W. Swindeman (Oak Ridge National Lab.)
compiled and analyzed for the Subcommittee by Dr. H. R. Voorhees (Materials Technology Corp.)
Howard R. Voorhees. R. C. Westgren (Wean United Inc.)
R. E. Z ink ham ( Reynolds Metals Company)
The Subcommittee acknowledges with gratitude
those individuals and organizations who contributed
data and services to this effort. The data sources
are referenced in the tables, and those who contrib-
uted services can take pride from the result.
Related
ASTM Publications
Formability of Metallic Materials2000 A.D., STP 753 (1982), 04-753000-23
Fracture Mechanics (13th Conference), STP 743 (1981), 04-743000-30
Stress Relaxation Testing, STP 676 (1979), 04-676000-23
Fatigue Mechanisms, STP 675 (1979), 04-675000-30
Formability TopicsMetallic Materials, STP 647 (1978), 04-647000-23
Selection and Use of Wear Tests for Metals, STP 615 (1977), 04-615000-23
Contents
Foreword i
Introduction
1. Stress Relaxation of Metals and Alloys v
2. Relaxation Mechanics v
2.1 Anelastic strain v
2.2 Plastic strain v
2.3 Microplastic strain v
2. 4 Creep vi
2.4.1 Primary creep strain vi
2.4.2 Secondary creep vi
2.4.3 Tertiary creep vi
3. Stress Relaxation Testing vi
4. Analyses of Data vi
4.1 Stress relaxation at temperatures below 0.4 Tm vii
4. 2 Stress relaxation at temperatures above 0.4 Tm vii
4. 3 Loss of stress for a bar under constant total strain vii
4. 4 Stress relief by relaxation vii
4.4.1 Thermal treatment viii
4. 4. 2 Mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment viii
5. Utilization of Stress Relaxation Data viii
5.1 Bolting design viii
5.2 Press-fitted joints, springs, and clamps viii
5.3 Creep-fatigue damage viii
5. 4 Constitutive relationships viii
6. References viii
Fig. 1 - Comparative 1000-hour Relaxation Strengths for Several Classes of Alloys x
Fig. 2 - Relaxation of Solution-annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel xi
Fig. 3 - Relaxation of a 20% Cold-worked Type 304 Stainless Steel from 900 to 1300 F
(482 to 704 C) for an Initial Inelastic Strain of 0.07% xii
Fig. 4 - Remaining Stress for an Annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel Bar at Constant
Strain, as a Function of Temperature and Time xiii
Compilation
Introduction 1
Tabular Data 1
Graphical Presentations 2
Units for Stress 2
Cast Irons 3
Gray Cast Iron 4
Nodular Cast Iron ( Ductile Iron) 20
Carbon Steels (Including carbon-manganese grades) 29
Carbon-Molybdenum Steels (Including copper-molybdenum grades) 77
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 93
Cr-Mo-V Steels ( Including Mo-V Steels) 137
Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels 207
Steels Containing 0. 6% or More Tungsten 219
Co-Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications 219
Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels 233
iii
Ultrahlgh Strength Steels 249
Modified H-ll 249
9 Ni - Co Steels 249
18 Ni Maraging Steel 249
AM-350 ; AM-355 249
12% Cr Steels 257
Austenitic Stainless Steels (Including some early superalloys) 319
High-Iron Superalloys 395
Iron-Base Superalloys with Cobalt 415
Cobalt-Base Superalloys 423
Nickel-Base Superalloys 431
Aluminum Alloys 493
Copper Alloys 527
Titanium Alloys 551
Miscellaneous Alloys 571
8. Data Sources 583
iv
Introduction
1. Stress Relaxation of Metals Anelasticity results from internal friction and

is a function of stress, o , stress rate, J , tem-
and Alloys perature, T , composition, magnetic properties,
degree of order, and elastic fields. Dislocation
dynamics are often used to explain the transient
behavior. *J A simple model can be used to
describe the general dynamics as follows:
A bar loaded to an initial stress of, say, 40,000 a,a + a,5 = b,e + b2 ,
psi and then held at constant strain and temperature
may after a time period have a remaining stress of where o is the stress, e is the strain, and a and b
only 30,000 psi. This time-dependent stress reduct- are constants.
ion of 10,000 psi is called stress relaxation. The
total strain remains fixed but a part of the elastic The anelastic strain is usually only 2 to 5% of
strain is replaced with inelastic strain. the elastic strain. [Rl, R3] It also influences the
Young's modulus; therefore, the dynamic modulus
Examples of stress relaxation are: is called the unrelaxed modulus while the static
modulus is the relaxed modulus.
a) loss of preload of a bolt in a rigid flange,
b) decrease of residual stresses, and The anelastic strain can be out of phase with
c) stress redistribution in a component with complex the stress and it will contribute to internal heating
geometry. during fatigue at high frequencies. P*4]
This book compiles stress relaxation data for

metals and alloys over a range of temperatures and 2. 2 Plastic strain, p , is the permanent strain
initial stresses. A comparison of the 1000-hour re- measured when a material is loaded to a stress
laxation strength for several classes of alloys has above the elastic limit and then unloaded. Since the
been shown in Figure 1. This comparison was made elastic limit is a function of the strain rate and the
on an approximately equal basis in the earlier ASTM temperature, this strain for a given stress is also
compilation. [D1]* Relaxation characteristics of affected. The plastic strain range for a cyclic stress
materials, methods of testing, and the utilization of range is the difference between the strain range and
relaxation data are reviewed in subsequent sections the elastic strain range.
of this Introduction.
2. 3 Mlcroplastic strain, ^p , is the transient
strain for an applied stress and is not fully recov-
ered when the stress is reversed. ^J Together
with the anelastic strain, it accounts for the time-
2. Relaxation Mechanics dependent strain observed below the macro-yield
stress and the recovery on stress reversal. The
effects of temperature and strain-rate sensitivity
In the stress relaxation process, the total strain on this strain are similar to those for the plastic
is constant and the stress reduction at constant tem- strain, but the magnitude of the mlcroplastic strain
perature occurs as elastic strain is converted to an is usually only 5 to 15% of the elastic strain and
inelastic strain. The types of inelastic strains des- reaches a finite limit at temperatures, T , below
cribed below are due to anelasticity, plasticity, 0. 4 of the absolute melting temperature, Tm, of
microplasticity, and creep. a material. Since this strain reaches a limit, it
will not be referred to as "creep" which is des-
2.1 Anelastic strain. ea , is the transient strain for cribed below for temperatures above 0. 4 Tm , al-
a stress change and it is recovered when the stress though it Rcontributes to "primary" creep and re-
change is reversed. P* 1] * covery. [ 6J D26]
* References with a prefix "D" are from the Data Sources listed in Section 8. Those with a prefix "R" are
listed under "References" in Section 6.
2.4 Creep. For temperatures above 0.4 Tm, the initial stress minus the remaining (residual) stress
thermal activation enhances the flow mechanisms. during a stress-relaxation test. Tension tests have
Creep is defined as the time-dependent deformation the advantage that the stress can be measured eas-
under applied stress, <j , which persists with time. ily and the gage length can be larger for better sen-
Under constant stress or load, three stages of creep sitivity in maintaining constraint with a given exten-
are identified for many materials: Primary, Secon- someter. The relaxation test can be performed by
dary, and Tertiary. differing loading procedures:
2.4.1 Primary creep strain, , is the limited a) Initial stress at test temperature,
strain which occurs (after loading) with a diminish- b) Initial total strain at test temperature,
ing rate; o can encompass some of the mechanisms c) Initial total strain at room temperature,
described above. This limited strain has been ex- followed by heating to a peak test tempera-
pressed as :[R78] ture for a time period,

d) Repeated loadings to selected stress"levels,
o = A[exp(-B/T)] ( o/ a0 )* [1 - exp(-Ct)], e) Holding at a given strain in a cyclic stress-
strain loop.
where t is the time and A, B, C , "o and m are
constants. The most common test employed to determine
the stress-relaxation characteristics of materials
2.4.2 Secondary creep, 't , accumulates at a creep is the tension test of a specimen with uniform cross
rate, j , as long as a stress is applied. This strain, section, instrumented with a sensitive extensometer,
therefore, is: and employing procedure (a) above. When an initial
e strain results from service displacements, proced-
= ft dt ure (b) can be used to approximate service constraint.
where k is a function of stress and temperature for a
material in a given metallurgical state. Many mech- Procedure (c) simulates the loading of a bolt at
anisms of creep have been postulated^" ^J; one based room temperature and the subsequent relaxation af-
on a diffusion process is: ter elevated service temperature is reached. This
type of loading is used in measuring stress relaxa-
k = a[exp(-Qc/kT)] Sinh ( /ae ), tion by the compliance method. [D 70] jn many bolted
where Qc is the activation constant for creep, a0 can flanges, multiple tightenings are employed to prevent
be a function of temperature, T, and a and * are leakage. Design data for frequency of tightening can
constants. be obtained for a given material from tests using
procedure (d).
2.4.3 Tertiary creep is one of increasing creep rate
above the minimum secondary rate, up to rupture. It The "Bauschinger effect" demonstrates that after
is a result of the damage processes which accompany initiating flow in a forward direction, the flow stress
the accumulated strain. The concern here is the re- in the reverse direction is lower. Therefore, the re-
duction of local ductility which can occur in some ma- laxation characteristics depend on the inelastic strain
terials under high constraint, especially multiaxial history. P^TI Reverse straining can occur from
stress[R9> 10, 11]. An example is "stress relax- thermal transients; this type of loading can be studied
ation cracking" or "reheat cracking"[12] when re- by procedure (e). fD 106]
sidual stresses in welds are relaxed.
The ASTM recommended practice suggests that
the preferred method of relaxation testing should be
similar to that of the intended application of the data.
Thus, bending, torsion and compression data are
3. Stress Relaxation Testing identified in this compilation.
Research on stress relaxation has been dictated

by the following goals:
1. Design data for bolting and spring applications

4. Analyses of Data
2. Correlation of creep- and relaxation data
3. Fundamental studies for a given theory As indicated above, relaxation has been studied
4. Hold-time effects in creep-fatigue damage. to understand the mechanisms of flow, so that anal-
yses can be made for other loading histories or states
The American Society for Testing and Materials of stress. The major effort has been to determine a
has developed standard recommended practices for correlation between creep and relaxation data, so
stress-relaxation tests for materials and structures. that the contributions of the different types of strain
[R13] which allow comparison of data from different of Section 1214
could be evaluated. The early researches
sources. The "relaxed stress" is defined there as the ofKanterf * ] , Robinson[R14], Boyd[D17], DaVis
vi
[D26], Johnson [D51], Oding [D75J and others have 4. 3 Loss of stress for a bar under constant total
been reviewed by Conway[R 16]. strain
4.1 Stress relaxation at temperatures below 0.4 Tm The relaxation of the stress in a bar under con-
stant total strain can result from a thermal expan-
The stress relaxation at temperatures below a- sion, inelastic flow, and metallurgical changes. The
bout 0. 4 Tm are a result of inelastic strains which initial stress may be a result of an external load or
after a time period reach a limit that is a function of displacement, or from a residual stress due to dif-
the initial stress and the temperature. These inelas- ferential plastic strains. Since the initial strain in
tic strains were described in Section 2, and are due the bar is constant, the stress is a product of the e-
to micro- and macro-plasticity and anelasticity. The lastic strain and the elastic modulus. This modulus
initial stress or strain can be induced in structures decreases with rising temperature; therefore, the
by fabrication loads or service thermal gradients. stress is reduced on heating. The initial stress under
simple tension can be as high as the flow stress for
An example of this relaxation limit is given in the initial total strain.
Figure 2 for an annealed Type 304 stainless steel for
which Tm is about 800 deg. F. The remaining stress The case for heating a bar of annealed Type 304
reaches a limiting value within 100 hours for tempera- stainless steel with an initial stress at room tempera-
tures up to 600 F (315 C) and 90% of this relaxation ture equal to the yield strength of 30 ksi ( 207 MPa)
takes place within 24 hours. The remaining stress is is illustrated in Figure 4. The top curve in that fig-
given in Figure 2 as a function of the initial stress. ure is the reduction of stress due to the change of the
This material at room temperature has significant modulus with temperature. The yield strength curve
relaxation which decreases with the initial stress. for a given strain rate is marked Y. This strength is
Little relaxation is observed for stresses below about less than that due to the modulus change, wherefore
one-half of the yield strength for virgin monotonic plastic flow will occur on heating and the stress will
loading. At 600 F ( 315 C ) the amount of relaxation be reduced to a value near the yield curve. Since plas-
is greater than that above for a given initial stress, tic flow is initiated, stress relaxation further reduces
and no relaxation at stresses below one-half of the the stress to "the remaining stress for an initial stress
yield strength at this temperature. In this "lower" equal to the yield strength".
temperature range, sufficient stress must be applied
to initiate micro-plasticity. However, after a rever- Below 0.4 T this stress reaches a limit value
sed stress above the proportional limit ( lowest curve within 100 hours. The dashed and lowest curve indi-
in Figure 2) relaxation is observed for stress levels cates that if the initial stress is below this curve, no
below one-half of the yield strength and negative re- plastic flow is initiated and no relaxation will occur.
laxation ( increase in stress) may occur at low for-
ward stresses where the anelastic strain is domin- If the temperature is increased above 0.4 Tm,
ant. [R 17-19] creep will continue with time and the stress will re-
lax with time of exposure. In Figure 4 the zero-time
4.2 Stress relaxation at temperatures above 0. 4 Tm curve is shown as the yield strength curve; additional
curves are given for 100 and 1000 hours for tempera-
When creep strain is the dominate inelastic strain, tures up to 1300 F (704 C).
stress relaxation occurs continually with time and as
a function of the stress and temperature. The major- Similar curves can be generated for other mater-
ity of the data tabulated in this book are in this "higher" ials by utilizing the data of this book. For materials
temperature range, above 0.4 of the absolute melting which undergo a metallurgical change with time and
temperature. temperature, the stress relaxation will be modified.
If precipitation results in a volume decrease, the re-
For a structure which is given an initial strain, maining stress will increase for a time, whereas
the percent relaxation can be measured as a function volume increases ( such as irradiation swelling) will
of time at a given temperature, and the data analyzed cause an additional stress relaxation. Metallurgical
to generate constitutive relationships for interpolation changes also influence the creep strength and this in
and extrapolation. A parameter P = log t - H/(T -0.4 turn affects the rate of relaxation.
Tp,) gives good correlation for a cold-worked Type
304 stainless steel in the creep range. tD7l] The per- 4.4 Stress relief by relaxation
cent relaxation for specimens loaded to an initial 0.07
per cent strain and tested at several temperatures is The residual stress left in a structure from fab-
plotted as the solid curves in Figure 3. The dashed rication and processing can be detrimental in service
curves were obtained using the above parameter with because of corrosion, distortion, or reduction of the
the constant H being determined by the parameter me- fatigue and rupture strengths.
thod.
vii
4.4.1 Thermal treatment Adequate residual bolt loads are required in
bolted assemblies subjected to vibratory loads to
The discussion in 4.3 illustrated how thermal prevent joint opening and the associated higher al-
exposure can reduce residual stresses and showed ternating stress on the bolt.
how the data in this book can be used to evaluate the
magnitude of the reduction. Residual stresses can 5.2 Press-fitted joints, springs, and clamps
be eliminated by reheat treatment but in some cases
this is not practical. Residual stresses may result Other types of assemblies for which the success
from differential thermal expansion in dissimilar of a design depends on the analysis of the load or
materials. interface pressure and its relaxation under service
loads and environment are: press-fitted joints,
4.4.2 Mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment springs, and clamps. Uniaxial tensile relaxation
data have been used in analyses of a cylinder on a
Residual stresses are self-equilibrated and can rigid shaft [R10] and of a rolled-in tube. [R20]
be reduced by imposing for a short time a monotonic
uniform stress sufficiently high to cause plastic flow 5. 3 Creep-fatigue damage
in the volumes where the peak stresses are of the
same sign. The stress-time history of a component for ele-
vated temperature service can be very complex dur-
Since initiation of plastic flow in the forward di- ing start-up, operation and shut-down cycles. The
rection lowers the yield stress in the reverse direc- damages from stress and strain histories are a
tion, cyclic straining with decreasing amplitude can function of the strain rate, stress state, temperature
be employed to reduce residual stresses. This proc- and environment. [R 9> 10,11,21,22], However, the
ess is similar to that for demagnitization. In roller stress redistrubution under multiaxial stresses can
leveling of plates or straightening of shafts, reverse be analyzed using uniaxial relaxation data. [R 22]
bending with decreasing amplitude can reduce the re- The strain damage during relaxation under multi-
sudual stresses and redistribute the remaining ones axial stress can be more severe for some mater-
over the entire cross section so that they will self- ials. [R 10]
equilibrate over a short distance.
5. 4 Constitutive relationships
Mechanical and thermo-mechanical methods are Constitutive equations for a material describe
used to add favorable residual stresses as well as to the mechanical-thermal responses of plastic flow,
remove distortions or residual stresses. Surface creep, stress relaxation, and cyclic strain. The
compressive stresses improve fatigue strength and material models assume that the response can be
can be produced by shot peening, autofrettage or formulated for multiaxial stress states using effect-
surface quenching ive stresses and strains, and that the time indepen-
dent part can be separated from the time dependent
Shafts can be straightened by local heating tech- part. Relaxation data,^ therefore, are an important
niques to reduce residual stresses or to induce re- portion of the data base for a material. Comparison
sidual stresses which improve the straightness. of the relaxation and creep data allow the assessment
of the comparative roles of transient and steady-state
creep in design and analysis. [D26; R8 and 22 J
5. Utilization of Stress Relaxation 6. References

Data
5.1 Bolting design. R 1. Zener, C. Elasticity and Anelasticity, Uni-
versity of Chicago Press, Chicago (1948).
A principal use of relaxation data is in the de-
sign of bolted structures. Leakage at bolted joints R2. LeMay, Iain, Principles of Mechanical Metal-
of pressure retaining structures can be prevented lurgy, Elsevier North Holland, Inc., New York;
by adequate load of the bolts. The required preload Oxford (1981).
and the allowance for relaxation can be calculated
from the data presented here. R3. Hill, W. H. , Shimmin, D. L. , and Wilcox, B.A.,
"Elevated Temperature Dynamic Moduli of Me-
When a given bolt load is required to prevent tallic Materials", Proc. ASTM, Vol.61, (1961).
fretting and wear of interfaces, then the allowance
for relaxation must be calculated for the service R4. Manjoine, M. J. and Landerman, E.I./'Tech-
period. niques for Fatigue Testing and Extrapolation of
viii
Fatigue Life for Austenitic Stainless Steels", R18. Swindeman, R. W., "Isocronous Relaxation
ASTM J. of Testing and Evaluation, May 1982. Curves for Type 304 Stainless Steel After
Monotonic and Cyclic Strain", ASTMJ. of
R5. Microplasticity, C.J. McMahon, Ed., Advances Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 2, p. 192,(1979).
in Material Research, Vol. 2, John Wiley and
Sons, (1968.) R19. Davis, E. A., "Relaxation of a Cylinder on a
Rigid Shaft", Trans. .ASME. J. Applied Mech.,
R6. Creep and Recovery, American Society for Vol. 82, Paper No. 59-A-31.
Metals, Cleveland, OH, (1957)
R20. Davis, E.A., "Relaxation of Stress in a Heat-
R7. McVelty, P.G. , "Working Stresses for High Exchanger Tube of Ideal Material", Trans.
Temperature Service", Mech. Engrg. , Vol. ASME, Vol. 74, pp.381-385, Apr. 1952.
56, p. 149,(1934).
R21. ASME-MPC Symposium on Creep-Fatigue
R8. Manjoine, M. J. and Mudge, W. L. , "Creep Interaction, MPC-3, American Society of
Properties of Annealed Unalloyed Zirconium", Mechanical Engineers, New York, (1976).
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 54,(1954), pp. 1050-1067.
R22. Henderson, J. and Snedden, J. O. , p. 163
R9. Manjoine, M. J. , "Multiaxial Stress and Frac- in Advances in Creep Design: the A. E. Johnson
ture", Fracture, Vol. 3: Engineering Funda- Memorial Volume, A.I. Smith and A. M. Nic-
mentals and Environmental Effects", Academic olson Editors, Applied Science Publishers,
Press, New York, (1970). London, (1971).
RIO. Manjoine, M.J. ."Ductility Indicies at Elevated R23. Lee.D. and Hart, E.W., "Stress Relaxation
Temperature", Trans. ASME, J. Engineering and Mechanical Behavior of Metals", Met.
Materials and Technology, Vol. 97, Apr. 1975. Trans. , Vol. 2, p. 1245, (1971).
Rll. Manjoine, M. J. ,"Elevated Temperature Mech-
anics of Metals", 1974 Symposium on Mechan-
ical Behavior or Materials, Society of Material
Science, Kyoto, Japan, (1974).
R12. Meitzner, C. F. , "Cause and Prevention of
Stress-Relief Cracking in Quenched and Tem-
pered Steel Weldments", Trans. ASME, J. of
Engrg. for Industry, Feb. 1972, pp. 336-342.
R13. "Standard Recommended Practices for Stress-
Relaxation Tests for Materials and Structures",
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, E 328-72,
American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia, (1982).
R14. Kanter, J. J. , "Interpretation and Use of Creep

Results", Trans., ASM, Vol.24, p. 900, (1936).
R15. Robinson, E. L. , "The Resistance to Relaxation
of Materials at High Temperatures", Trans.
ASME, Vol. 61, p. 543, (1939),
R16. Conway, J.B. , Stentz, R. H. , and Berling,
J.T. , "Fatigue, Tensile, and Relaxation Be-
havior of Stainless Steels", formerly TID
26135, now available Mar-Test Inc. , 1245
Hillsmith Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45215.
R17. Krempl, E. , "An Experimental Study of Room-

Temperature Rate-Sensitivity, Creep and Re-
laxation of AISI Type 304 Stainless Steel", J^_
Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 27, pp. 363-375,
Pergamon Press Ltd. , (1979).
ix
900 IOOO lira 1200 1300 1500
Temperature, F
Fig. 1 - Comparative 1000-hour relaxation strengths for several classes of alloys
Initial Stress, MPa
120 160
o\. Initial Stress, ksi

o
Fig. 2 - Relaxation of solution-annealed type 304 stainless steel
XI
100 I 1 I I | 1 1 I I | 1 1 I I | 1 1 I I | 1 TTT
90
(/) 80
01
*-
L-
CO
"<5 70
60
c
a>
o 50
Experimental
40 P=Log
T-1260 1300 F
30 _l I ''I ' I I I I I I I I I I | LJJ I I I I
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Time, hrs.
Fig. 3 - Relaxation of a 20 % cold-worked type 304 stainless steel

from 900 to 1300F (482 - 704C) for an initial inelastic strain
of 0.07%
Xll
Temperature Centigrade
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1 ' I ' I ' 1 i I i I i I r
32
28-
24-
20
16
12
8 _ No Relaxation For Initial

Stress Below This Curve
Sol. An. T304SS
J i I I I I L
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature. F
Fig. 4 - Remaining stress for an annealed type 304

stainless steel bar at constant strain as a function of
temperature and time.
Xlll
DS60-EB/Sep. 1982
Compilation of
Stress-Relaxation Data
for Engineering Alloys
Introduction
Data presented here include results published in increasing alloy content, irrespective of heat treat-
1956 ( Ref. 1 ) by the ASTM-ASME Joint Committee ment or product form. When material with a given
on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals. composition was tested in two or more different con-
The laboratories by whom those results were conditions, results are listed in turn for each treatment,
tributed are identified by code letters listed in the to allow the reader to more-readily assess the in-
original compilation, and repeated under Reference fluence of the heat treatments. Deliberate modifi-
1. Additional unpublished contributions, solicited by cations of composition to alter properties have been
The Metal Properties Council through its Subcom- placed near the end of a grouping of steels of similar
mittee 5 on Stress Relaxation came from the organi- general composition in most instances. A bold-face
zations identified by code letters listed under Refer- notation in the left-hand margin is used to call at-
ence 2. tention to such modified materials.
Applicable data found by a search of the techni- In the graphic treatment of relaxation proper-
cal literature have been added when the published ac- ties, separate plots show results for different heat
count sufficiently identified the test material and its treatments, or for different ranges of composition,
heat treatment. when sufficient data were available to justify such a
separation. On other occasions, an exception to the
Stress-relaxation properties compiled here are composition or condition of other data on the figure
for specific materials under conditions of constant has been indicated by a notation on the plot.
and uniform temperature. Such aspects as effects of
non-uniform temperature are to be covered later in Tabular Data
a separate volume.
Most of the tables are displayed on facing pages.
Overall organization of the data is by chemical The left ( upper ) page presents the chemical com-
composition, with progression from cast irons, to position and short-time mechanical properties, plus
ferritic steels of increasing alloy content, to stain- available information on type of microstructure or
less steels and superalloys, and finally to the non- other characterization; the lower page lists pertin-
ferrous alloys arranged in alphabetical order of the ent specifications, details of the history and form,
base metal. the stress-relaxation properties, and comments on
the relaxation-test procedure.
For some classes of steels, different types of
heat treatment and/or deliberate composition differ- A Material Number is assigned in sequence for
ences may be applied to meet opposing desires for each different combination of composition and heat
slow relaxation of stresses in bolts and other fasten- treatment within a given table. This Material Num-
ers; and for rapid relaxation of residual stresses in ber permits the user to readily match information
the vicinity of stress raisers or during stress-relief in the two portions of the table and corresponding
treatments. Overlap of property ranges, as well as data points shown in the figures on pages immedi-
deviation of actual compositions and properties from ately following the tables for that material.
those of any recognized standard, make impractical
separation of the data into, say, one group of bolting The major class of material is identified on the
materials and another group of piping materials. The tables and figures in large bold type. Subdivisions
tabulations therefore follow an approximate order of by range of composition or by heat treatment are
Copyright by ASTM Int'l Copyright

(all rightsreserved);
1982 by Tue
ASTM
Apr International www.astm.org
22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
INTRODUCTION
identified in smaller bold type. When data for dif- On occasion, none of the above types of plot was
ferent subdivisions were too limited to justify sepa- feasible; then, a plot of residual stress versus test
rate listing for each, a horizontal line divides the temperature (with initial stress or strain as a para-
table between such subdivisions. Headings identi- meter ) or other form has been adopted to best fit the
fying the subdivisions are then arranged one above existing data, and to make evident the influence of
the other at the top of the table. pertinent variables.
Attention is called to unusual heat treatments or Whichever form of plot was used, in each in-
compositions by bold-face notations in the margins. stance the individual data points have been keyed to
Abbreviations employed for some notations include the table from which they came by Material Numbers
the following: shown near the top of each figure.
Q+T Quenched + tempered When two or more groups of tables have been
N+T Normalized + tempered used to cover subordinate listings under the major
Ann. Annealed alloy class, the figures for each group follow im-
S. R. Stress relieved mediately after the tables for that group, before the
Mod. Modification. tables for the next sub-class.
The symbol # in a right margin calls attention Units for Stress

to an elasticity factor other than unity in the relax-
ation test. All tables feature double entries for tempera-
tures and for stresses, in customary units used
Graphical Presentations by United States engineers, and in the modernized
metric notation. The metric equivalent is listed in
Most of the tabulated data are treated in graphi- each instance immediately below the customary U.S.
cal form, but plots were not practical in some in- unit.
stances because the test results consisted of isola-
ted points for diverse compositions and conditions. Values for stress in the customary inch-pound
system are all given in ksi ( 1 ksi = 1,000 psi), to
Results obtained by re-stressing of a specimen reduce needed column width; the equivalent metric
which had already undergone a relaxation test have unit is in meganewtons per square meter ( MN/m2).
not been included on figures, but are given in the
tabular presentations. Because some readers may be more familiar
with other units, the following common unite are
In general, a separate plot of residual stress described and conversion factors are provided in
versus initial stress is shown for each of several the table below.
test temperatures, with the data coded to identify 3
results for 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 hours test ksi = 1000 psi = 10 pounds force/ square inch.
duration. Approximate curves through data for each
time have been drawn by eye, with attempts to show MN/m2 = 10" Newtons/ square metre = Mega Pascal
a reasonable family of curves for progressive devi- (MPa)
ation from the line for zero time as relaxation time 2
gets greater. kgf/mm = kilogram-force/ square millimeter.
An alternate treatment for some sets of data is Ton/in. = British long ton/square inch.
by fixed relaxation times, with test temperature for
each point shown by suitable code or notation. When
the initial stresses were not given, but the tables
listed initial strain for each test, similar plots were
constructed of residual stress versus initial strain.
CONVERSION TABLE
2
ksi MN/m2 kgf/mm Ton/in.
lksi 1 6.894747 0.7030696 0.4464286

2 0.0647214
1 MN/m 0.1450380 1 0.1019716
o
1 kgf/mm 1.422334 9.80665 1 0.6349707
2
1 ton/in. 2.240 15.44423 1.574876 1
Cast Irons
Material No.
GRAY CAST IRON
Plain 1 to 14
Alloyed ( 0. 4 to 0. 6% Mo, 0.1 to 1. 8% Ni, 0.15 to 0. 65% Cr ) 15 to 18
NODULAR CAST IRON ( DUCTILE IRON ) 19 to 26

( Material No. 25 and 26 with additions of Mo and Cu.)
Gray Cast Iron

s u. o
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. S = ~
t>IA -V> -^B Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E i * z
s
Total Graphitic
C Mn Cr Ni Mo c O
O
3.34 0.80 1.93 2.64 0.154 0.122 'Room 35.0 "BHN 205
241.3
b
Room( 32.0
b
BHN 183 E
220.6
s
o
*i
co
H
SB
B
CO
CO
5
94 0.51 1.97 0.141 0.080
2.72
s
>
3
sa
>
o
CO
1.2-inch diameter cast test bar.

b
Specimen machined from 24 x 2 x 1 inch casting.
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3
i/T
3 Re sidual stress, o
o form and size, history of material. s

1 a E
Initial
ksi
Final u
CD
C
3 o z MN/m2
stress.
> Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 too strain. stress. time,
Heat treatment jij -o -e o? a |5
0) ra M
% ksi 1 2 4 5 10 ksi h VI
(0 n l JO JS
5 Q o
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ul
1 E ASTM A126-42, Class B. 800 20.0 14.3 14.3 14.0 12.75 40 Automatic relaxation machine.
24 x 'A x 1 in. 427 137.9 98.6 98.6 96.5 88. 3. 5 inch gage length.
900 20.0 9.75 8.5 7.4 5.5 40
As cast. 482 137.9 67.2 58.6 51. 37.9
950 20.0 6.1 5.5 5.0 3.25 40
510 137.9 42.1 37.9 34.5 22.4
1000 20.0 5.7 5.0 4.3 1.7 40
538 137.9 39.3 34.5 29.6 11.7
1050 20.0 5.0 4.0 2.2 0.2 40
566 137.9 34.5 27.6 15.2 1.4
1100 20.0 2.7 1.25 0.5
593 137.9 18.6 8.6 3.4 o
>
2 94 Laboratory heat. Sand-cast ingot. 72 21.8 20.9 20.7 20.6 15 Automatic relaxation machine. H
22 150.4 144.1 142.7 142. Six inch gage length.
600 19.5 18.8 18.7 18.6 15 Data scaled from average curve
316 134.5 129.6 129. 128.3 for duplicate tests. CO
800 14.0 13.1 11.8 11.0 15

427 96.5 90.4 82.0 75.8
900 14.0 10.5 8.1 6.6 15
482 96.5 72.4 55.8 45.5
950 9.1 6.5 4.4 3.0 15
510 62.7 44.8 30.3 20.7
1000 10.8 5.6 2.6 0.6 15
538 74.5 38.6 17.9 4.1
1050 6.8 2.5
566 46.9 17.2
1100 6.8 1.2
593 46.9 8.3
Gray Cast Iron
Chemical composition, % by wt. 6 u. O fc - E ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ri
o ^
(D "* Z
=5 S o ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
0.140 0.092 O
94 3.58 0.64 2.24 0.08 0.10 0.04
O
z
o
*l
to
H
SJ
W
CO
94 3.41 0.62 2.33 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.244 0.124 CO
I
W
W
f
O
z
94 3.60 0.64 2.49 0.378 0.076
w
z
o
94 3.16 1.13 1.70 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.064 0.190

Ia
>1
t-
o
CO
Test temperature,
li Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final uID
E form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
to
106 psi
3 O
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
!s
3
strain, stress, stress. time, .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment o
V ro
% ksi 1 5 100 1000 10,000 ksi h </ro>
s CO
Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
3 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 800 9.5 8.5 7.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
427 65.5 58.6 53.8 Six inch gage length.
1000 6.1 4.2 2.95 Data scaled from average curve
538 42.1 29.0 20.3 for duplicate tests.
1050 5.6 2.7 0.6

566 38.6 18.6 4.1
1100 4.7 1.8
593 32.4 12.4
>
en
1050 8.0 3.1 0
566 55.15 21.4 0
1100 4.5 0.6 82
593 31.0 4.1
1100 3.0 1.3 0.15

593 20.7 9.0 1.0
1050 8.4 4.6 2.3
566 57.9 31.7 15.9
1100 7.4 2.3E 0.6
593 51.0 16.2 4.1
Gray Cast Iron
8
B
a
Chemical composition, % by wt. a u. o * ... E ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
= & Q> "* Z O
o *
8*1
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
94 3.47 0.89 1.90 0.20 0.10 0.04 0.097 0.089 O
E
8
55
O
"a
94 3.01 0.70 2.36 0.05 0.20 0.04 0.344 0.095
M
w
"p
a
M
IT1
>-3
25 2.98 0.78 1.22 0.20 0.056 Pearlitic. 8
2
a
w
a
s>
Ir11
tr
O
<<
<z>
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final u
form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3 03
o
106 psi
CD
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
Is
3
strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 Heat treatment
0) CO
% ksi 1 5 50 100 1000 ksi h M
s o (0 m
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
7 94 Commercial sand-cast Ingot. 1000 9.3 4.8 3.4 Automatic relaxation machine.
1100 9.3 2.7 0
593 64.1 18.6 0
Data scaled from average curve
1050 9.0 3.3 0.3
566 22.8 for duplicate tests.
62.1 2.1
1100 8.5 1.2 0
593 58.6 8.3 0
>
Com- 9 25 Diesel-cylinder liner, cast at 572 22.8 20.5 (19.2 Load reduced manually in steps of
pression 1350C ( 2462F ) . 300 157 141 132.) 0. 05 kgf/ mm2 . 3
662 11.4 30.4 28.2 26.5 Specimen axis parallel to axis of %
350 78.4 209 194 182.5 cylinder. Gage section 1.2 cm dia. TO
by 3. 5 cm long.
662 23.6 21.5 20.5
350 163 148 140 Relaxation of compressive stress.
662 22.8 19.8 17.8
350 157 136 123
662 17.2 16.2 15.4 15.1 13.4
350 118.5 110 106 104 92
662 14.4 12.8 12.2
350 99 88 84
734 22.8 19.4 17.2
390 157 133 119
734 17.2 15.1 13.2
390 118.5 104 91
734 14.2 12.7 11.1
390 98 87 76
752 28.3 23.6 20.8
400 195 163 143
[ Material 9 continued on next page. ]
Gray Cast Iron
e
1
Chemical composition, % by wt. 2
g u- u c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
I**
= S " o
Total Graphitic e
C Mn Ni Mo c S O
O
>
H
8
o
CO
H
W
W
CO
co
i

10 117 3.09 1.09 0.,55 2.31 0.18 0.103 Room 43.0 "75.7 BHN 207. Elastic modulus at room tem- >
296.5 522 perature 20. 8 x 106 psi ( 143. 5 GN/m2 ).
Medium-coarse flake graphite openly dis- o

tributed in a pearlite matrix, with some
phosphide eutectic.
>
*l

11 122 3.84 0.66 1.61 0.21 0.065 59 15.9

15 110
t
59 14.8 '0.6C
15 108 >
752 16.1 c-1
400 111 o
K)
CO
752 15.9 1.23
400 110
"Modulus of rupture = (8 L/ird3)( breaking load), where L = effective length and d = specimen Elongation, per cent in 3 inches.
diameter. Three-point bending was used on bars 5. 5 inches long x 0. 5 inch diameter.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final
form and size, history of material. u
re
ksi
GN/m2
3 S
106 psi
C
degF
MN/m2
degC
S Heat treatment o
a
re re % ksi 1 5 50 100 ksi h re
CO
1000 V>
O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 ill
Com- 9 25 [ Continuation from previous page. ] 752 24.9 21.5 19.8

pression
400 171.5 148 136
752 24.9 21.3 19.2
400 171.5 147 132
752 22.8 16.7 14.4
400 157 115 99
752 17.1 13.1 11.7
400 118 90 80
833 30.4 18.9 14.1
445 209 131 97
833 17.2 12.8 10.1
445 118.5 88 70
833 14.4 10.3 8.3 >
445 99 71 57
932
500
28.3
195
12.8
88
9.1
63 g
932 24.8 14.6 8.4
TO
500 170.5 101 58
Com- 10 117 Plain cast iron ( Lanz process ). 617 19.6 33.6 31.3 30.1
pression Automatic machine with about
Cylindrical casting 40 in. O. D. x 325 135 231.7 216 208 120 psi sensitivity.
36 in. I. D. x 18 in. long. Compression specimen 1 in. long
617 24.64 21.7 21.0
325 169.9 150 145 by 0. 249 in. diameter.
As cast ( hot mold )
752 19.1 33.6 26.0 21.7 Results were scaled from a plot.
400 132 231.7 179 149
752 24.64 20.0 18.5
400 169.9 138 127.5
887 18.3 33.6 16.4 12.8
475 126 231.7 113 88
887 24.64 14.8 12.0
475 169.9 102 82.5
10 h
11 122 Cast block 6 in. x 4 in. x 30 in. 842 8.96 6.8 4.7 3.35 19 Manual load reduction ( sliding
long. 450 61.78 47 32.5 23 weight). Results scaled from plot.
Gray Cast Iron
2
to
t Cfl
5 u- o
M
Chemical composition, % by wt. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
b .- E ._ E >._ E
= S" o> v>
= -8 o> * Z x Z
=3 S E
Total Graphitic
C Mn Cr Ni Mo Ti c O
O
117 3.30 1.56 1.18 0.05 0.02 0.02 Trace 2.47 0.18 0.069 Room 40.5 72.6 BHN 234. Elastic modulus at room tem-
279 500 perature 21. 0 x 104 psi ( 145 GN/m2 ).
Medium-flake graphite randomly distri- >

buted in a pearlite matrix. A fair amount s
of phosphide eutectic was present.
o
to
H
W
M
GO
GO
13 94 3.51 0.69 2.15 0.25 0.25 0.04 0.138 0.113

3
>
s
*l
14 94 3.29 0.97 2.18 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.112 0.135 M

JO
>1
r
F
o
CO
Modulus of rupture = (8 L/ TT d3) ( breaking load), where L = effective length and d = specimen
diameter. Three-point bending was used on bars 5. 5 inches long x 0. 5 inch diameter.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. o
re
ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C u
deg F

degC
3 MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment u
re
% ksi 1 5 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s re
at
Com-
pression 12 117 Plain cast iron ( innoculated). 617 19.0 33.6 31.4 31.4 650 Automatic relaxation machine with
Hollow octagonal castings about 325 131 231.7 216 216 about 120 psi sensitivity.
2 in. thick. Compression specimen 1 in. long
617 24. 64 22.1 22.1 500
by 0. 249 in. diameter.
325 169.9 152 152
Stress relieved 8h at 350C (662F)
400 129 231.7 186 165
752 24.64 18.5 16.9
400 169.9 127.5 116.5
887 18.0 33.6 16.8 13.3
475 124 231.7 116 92
887 24.64 12.7 10.8
475 169.9 87 74 o
>
482 53.1 42.1 35.2
g
Six inch gage length.
1000 7.7 4.7 3.5 Results were scaled from average
538 53.1 32.4 24.1 curve for duplicate tests.
1050 7.7 4.0 2.55

566 53.1 27.6 17.6
1100 6.0 3.0 1.3
593 41.4 20.7 9.0
14 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot 1000 9.6 5.8 4.3 Automatic relaxation machine.
1050 6.0 2.95 0.8

566 41.4 20.3 5.5
1050 3.0 1.3 0
566 20.7 9.0 0
1100 7.0 2.7 0
593 48.25 18.6 0
Gray Cast Iron
e
z(Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. a> u- o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c -S

*o z
o O S
Total
C Mn Cr Ni Mo C O
O
94 3.21 0.70 1.74 0.15 1.05 0.53 0.111 0.094
>
s
o
*1
tz>
H
SB
M
CO
CO
16 94 3.82 0.85 2.19 0.47 0.10 0.42 0.115 0.044
>
17 94 3.00 0.92 1.65 0.28 1.44 0.50 0.057 0.086 3to
to
It
>
a
18 3.30 0.64 1.53 0.65 1.76 0.61 2.60 0.146 0.108 Room a
51.1 BHN255.
352
o
b
Room b
41.3 BHN235.
285
b
"1. 2-inch diameter cast test bar. Specimen machined from 24 x 2 x 1 inch casting.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 3
3 ._ IN Initial
Re sidual stress,
Final
o
o
3 0) form and size, history of material. CO
ksi CO
O 1 S.B
MN/m2
C
3 torn E z strain. stress. stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments

Heat treatment o0
%
0> to
n TO
+- ksi 1 2 5 10 40 ksi h
s 2
V) CO
at
Q r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 HI
1100 10.3 5.2 2.1

593 71.0 35.9 14.5
1150 6.9 2.3 0
621 47.6 15.9 0
566 90.4 62.0 46.9 curve for duplicate tests. o
>
1100 12.5 6.7 4.5 at
593 86.2 46.2 30.4
H
3
1150 10.0 4.3 2.0 o
621 68.95 29.7 13.8 58
CO
17 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot 1000 17.0 11.4 8.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
1100 11.1 5.4 3.7
593 76.6 37.2 25.5
1150 8.9 3.1 1.6
621 61.4 21.4 11.0
4h
18 E ASTM A278-51T, Class 50. 900 20.0 12.2 11.5 9.9 8.0 52
24 x 2 x 1 in. 482 137.9 84.1 79.3 68.2 55.2
1000 20.0 11.25 10.2 8.5 0.6 52
As cast. 538 137.9 4.1
77.6 70.4 58.6
1050 20.0 5.8 4.4 2.25 0.2 40
566 137.9 40.0 30.3 15.5 1.4
1100 20.0 4.3 2.3 0.6 (0.1) 19
593 137.9 29.7 15.9 4.1 (0.7)
1150 20.0 1.5 (0)
621 137.9 10.3 (0)
CAST IRONS 17
Gray Cast Iron
Material numbers corresponding to points below

9 9 2 9 9 12 9 12
9 9 2 9 9 10 9 10
9 9 ,o 10
9 9
32

572 to 662 F (300 to 350 C)
30 1 1 1
Solid sy mbols sign fy compres sion tests

-
/ /
/ *
/ / /
/ /
/
/ ^
24
/ /
i/ / *
\1 22 Of 150
E
\
Z
/ /*/ '/ I
/ //*i
20
D
3 //
/ *C /
// /
ce.
/
/ */ /
/ /
_
/ /*
/
' lh
* 5h
A 10 h
50 h
o 100 h
- 1000 h
12 20 24 2
Initial stress, ksi
Gray Cast Iron Solid symbols signify compression tests
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below o

11 3 2 9 19 10 9 9 9 12 13 8 2 18 10 9 12
o
11 3 5 9 19 10 9 9 9 10 13 8 2 18 9 9 10
2-5l 12 1-18 12 12 F
99,9
10 1 ,0 '0 >
9
12
18
1
12
9
o5S
12 1 o
CO
1 to
752 to 842 F 887 to 932 F M
en
OQ
i
(400 to 450C) (475 to 500C) W
M
24 F
* >
i

O
20 20

: *
>
16
7
16
7
8w
a
TJ

*
*/,
,7
12 12
7*

s * y *

l10h O
8
s v
/7 / / V *
>
8
F
7J* -| 40h F
O
K!
4
12 16 20 24 28 32 36
4
12 16 20
1 24 28 32 36
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi
5 3 13 4 14 2 15 16 17 '8 5 3 13 14 8 7 1517 16 18
5 3 13 4 7 6 15 16 ,7 18 5 4 13 6 15 17 16 ,
2 2
' 18 6 18
7 6 1 ,
1 18
1 ,18
1 18
18
/
1 /
12
1000 F (538 c). / /

Alloyed 1
110<)F (593 C) /
/
10 10
-
.-
V)
8 >
X
/ 3
/
o
4/
M
<D
// /V
" 6
/
0 0
/
3 /v Alloyed
3
TJ v '1
< ^5 /
I PI<iln "irt lh
o a>
_ 4 2h
/ s^**
4h
** \0 * V 5h
V V D
A 1 10 h
//
/ /
#
"^" 'To*
2
y 1^-
Plain 1 40 h
50 h
i1
V
100 h
/ >
1000 h
0
12 16 20 8 12 16 20 24
Nodular Cast Iron (Ductile Iron)
Chemical composition, % by wt.

00
* .- E > _ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z
a. * 2
=5 S
fc -*
2 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Mg Cu O
O
19 124 3.57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.006 Room 12.25 8.25 "4.3 Ferrite-free fine pearlitic-sorbitic struc-
84.3 56.9 ture with well-formed spheroidal graphite
inclusions.
>
BHN 282 s
o
en
H
to
M
CO
20 124 3.57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.006 Room 6.8 5.1 "2.5 30 Ferritic matrix. Carbon in form of well- co
i
47.0 35.0 shaped graphite spheroids. ta
M
r
BHN 169
>
O
>
r
o
CO
"Elongation in 5 D.
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
0
u
GN/m2
CD
106 psi
c O
>
deg F
MN/m2
degC
stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is a Heat treatment stress,
strain, time,
OJ TO ksi 0.1 1 100 1000 10,000 ksi
s re % h V)
CD m
O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
19 124 662 0.2 63.4 58.5 54.7 7 Manual load reductions.

950 C ( 1742 F), 10 h, furnace cool 350 plastic 437 403 377 Specimen diameter 10 mm.
to 850C (1562 F); air cool.
842 0.2 51.6 34.5 25.2 7
450 plastic 356 238 174
1022 0.2 25.0 10.4 6.7 7
550 plastic 172 72 46
1112 0.2 13.3 4.7 2.5 7
600 plastic 92 32.5 17
20 124 662 0.1 39.9 38.3 37.0 Manual load reductions.

Heat slowly to 950C (1742 F), hold 350 plastic 275 264 255 Specimen diameter 10 mm.
11 h; furnace cool to 760 C (1400 F) 752 0.1 36.3 33.1 29.0
at 5 deg. C (9 deg. F) per hour; hold 400 228
plastic 250 200
15 h; cool to 660 C (1220 F) at 5 deg.
C/h; furnace cool to room tempera- 842 0.1 29.0 21.5 14.4
>
ture. 450 plastic 200 148 99 H
5
932 16.85 0.1 19.3 11.3 7.0 o
500 116 plastic 133 78 48 CO
1022 0.1 12.3 6.2 3.3

550 plastic 85 43 23
1022 16.1 0.2 11.8 4.3 2.55 7
550 111 plastic 81.5 29.5 17.5
1022 16.25 4.5 3.2 2.45 7
550 112 31.2 22 17
1112 0.1 7.12 3.6 2.55
600 plastic 49.0 25 15.5
1202 3.1 4.62 2.2 1.1
650 plastic 31.9 15 7.5
1292 3.1 2.92 1.3 0.7
700 plastic 20.1 9 5
1382 3.1 2.06 1.1 0.36
750 elastic 14.2 7.5 2.5
e
$
b .- E S ._ E
goo Z -* z s
I -o -a
5 s o 8 |
a
Mn Ni Mo Mg Cu
n
124 3.57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.006 Room 103.3 68.3 "10 10 Pearlitic-sorbitic structure ( from heat o
712 471 treatment in salt bath).
C
>
52!
o
*i
TO
H
50
M
TO
TOi
50
M
r
>
3
2;
22 109 3.33 0.71 2.73 0.047 0.13 0.004 77 71.8 Ferritic-pearlitic.
25 495
842 54.1 44.0 >
450 373 304
o50
M
Z
O
I
23 109 3.34 0.62 2.83 0.07 0.055 0.10 0.006 77 82.5 Pearlitic >
25 568
r
C
o
842 64.7 52.
450 446 361 TO
"Elongation/ 5 D.
JSE
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, o
Initial Final oto
GN/m2
CD
106 psi
3

C U
deg F
degC
MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3
S strain, stress, stress. time,
Heat treatment O
V
%
s Q
eg ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (A
21 124 932 17.5 0.408 37.0 19.1 12.0 7 Manual load reductions.
Same as Material Number 20; then 500 122.5 255 131.5 82.5 Specimen diameter 10 mm.
920C(1688F), 15 mln., quench in
932 17.8 0.066 11.4 8.1 6.25 7
salt bath at 400 C (752 F); hold 90
500 124.5 78.4 56 43.1
min. ; heat to 560C (1040 F), hold
60 min. ; furnace cool to 300C( 572 932 17.5 4.27 3.35 2.7 7
F); air cool to room temperature. 500 122.5 29.4 23 18.6
1022 15.1 17.1 7.7 4.25 7
550 106 117.7 53 29.4
1022 16.8 15.4 4.7 3.13 7
550 118 105.9 32.5 21.6
1022 16.1 7.26 3.6 1.85 7
550 113 50.0 24.8 12.8
1022 17.65 1.42 1.2 1.07 7 >
550 124 9.8 8.2 7.35 H
S
22 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21.1 35.6 12.7 7.1 Oding ring method. o
450 mm high. 450 145 245 87.2 49.0 CO
842 28.4 11.1 7.05

Anneal 720C(1328F), 2 h.
450 196 76.4 48.5
842 21.35 8.5 5.7
450 147 58.8 39.2
977 20.3 35.6 4.95
525 140 245 34.3
977 21.35 2.8
525 147 19.6
23 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21.9 35.6 14.2 9.9 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 151 245 98 68.5
842 28.4 12.0 8.4
As cast
450 196 82.5 58
842 21.35 10.4 7.25
450 147 71.5 50
977 21.1 35.6 9.3 1.4
525 145 245 64 10
977 21.35 7.1 (0)
525 147 49 (0)
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
*t ^9
5^
a) 5?
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO N to
MN/m2
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
3 o 0>
>-._.
deg F
degC
C c
g
ksi
3
ksi
co
a E
<D
CO
co
2 CO
D)
c
_o
O
-6
03
S C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Mg Cu P S a.
Q
UJ o
24 109 3.00 0.54 2.48 0.040 0.077 0.008 77 69.0 Ferritic
o
25 475
F
842 53.4 42.1 >
450 368 290 H
8
2,
o
S3
M
CO
m
t
S3
M
25 109 2.44 0.41 2.43 0.19 1.37 0.057 0.40 0.096 0.004 77 85.4 Pearlitic f
25 598 >
842 71.0 45.7
450 490 315 o
25
>
W
M
2!
O
26 109 3.13 0.65 2.52 0.25 0.46 0.108 0.48 0.077 0.01 77 78.2 Pearlitic
25 539
w
842 73.2 48.4
450 333 333
>
r
r
o
en
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
form and size, history of material. ksi re
GN/m2
3 u
106 psi
C
>
deg F
MN/m2
degC
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
at
a Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h M
m
S
(0
Q
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
450 mm high. 450 149 245 75.5 50
842 28.4 10.0 6.5
Anneal 720 C( 1328 F), 2 h.
450 196 69.6 45
842 21.35 8.55 5.5
450 147 59 38
977 20.9 35.6 5.7 2.85
525 144 245 39 19.5
977 21.35 4.25 1.0
525 147 29.5 6.9
450 mm high. 450 171.5 245 190.5 171.5
>
842 28.4 22.2 20.5 CO
As cast. H
450 196 153 141.5
842 21.35
3
o
16.2 14.7
450 147 112 101
977 24.0 35.6 19.2 6.4
525 166 245 132.5 44
977 21.35 12.8 3.1
525 147 88.5 21.5
450 mm high. 450 148 245 194 165
842 28.4 21.5 19.5
As cast.
450 196 148 134.5
842 21.35 16.1 14.8
450 147 111 102
977 20.7 35.6 15.6 6.8
525 143 245 108 47
977 21.35 10.7 3.1
525 147 73.5 21.5
26 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
Solid points: Pearlitic

Open points: Ferritic

25 25 26 19
26 26 25
26 25 25
25 26 26
23 20 23
22 23 22
24 22 24
23 24 23
22 23 24
24 22 22
24
36
T
842F (450C)
32
.
28
J
/MO,CU added
f
24 / / /
/ /
- 150' E
20
J/
V
Z
/ /"
O
D o
16 3
TJ
"3! /^
//
o
# " 100
M

/ V
^^ 100 h
O
12
*< o ^ O
so -"*
1000 h
_ - B-
16 24 32 40 48 54
Initial stress, ksi
CAST IRONS 27

21 21 21 20 21 21 20 25 19 252)
20 21 26 26
20 23 23
24 26
25-26 25
22 24
24 22
24
23
36
932 to 1022 F (500 to.550 C)

32
28
24
- E
1 Z
20 I
Mo.Cu
'added
O
3
T3 16 0
m 3
-a
-

12
' v
,-
^
C
'
/ T
'
"
_-A00 *
o
o
As
1 /
V
_ _ " _ 10C 0 h
VT 1 h
k/
//
o. 100 h
// D <" 1000 h
16 24 32 40 48
Initial stress, ksi
Carbon Steels
(including carbon-manganese grades)
Most of the tabulated data have been shown graphically on three sets of plots:
Residual stress versus temperature, for 0.1 to 0.2% total strain. Pages 72 and 73
Residual stress as a function of initial strain ( up to 3% ). Pages 74 and 75
Residual stress versus initial stress, for wire or strip with 0. 6% min. carbon.
( Cold-drawn or quenched + tempered condition). Page 76 .
Some tabulated data for special testing conditions have not been shown graphically:
Relaxation of torsion stress. Material numbers 3,16,27,28,31,32,42

Relaxation of combined tension and torsion. Material number 36
Relaxation of compression stress. Material number 36
Relaxation under cyclic strain. Material number 20
Relaxation of bolt assemblies. Material number 44
Relaxation of bending stress in untempered water-
quenched strip. Material number 57.
29
Carbon Steels
U5
Chemical composition, % by wl. u. o >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
-* z
2 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Al
n
50 0.045 0.33 0.074 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.035 Brinell hardness 48 to 55. o
>
8
o
*i
CO
H
W
W
CQ
co
0.075 0.41 0.12 68 70.6 49.3 *59.1 33.5 t
20 487. 340. 407.5 ra

>
H
3
>
M
Si
O
64 0.12 0.43 0.22 <0. 01 0.026 0.050 Room 60.9 38.3 35.7 61.6
264
I
420 >
r1
c-
o
CO
#
0.1% Y. S.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation.
a
3
w*
Initial
w
a> form and size, history of material. ksi CD

c o u. o o o. c
3 r O O E z MN/m2 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
J2 c o o strain, stress, stress. time,
8 Heat treatment .s o u
re *J A
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:>
(0
a K LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
l 50 Technically-pure iron. 572 9.96 7.25 200

300 68.65 50.0 I Tension specimen in automatic
1706 F ( 930 C ), 2 h, Furnace cool. 572 j relaxation machine.
12.09 8.25 200
300 83.36 56.9
572 9.96 7.25 200

300 68.65 50.0
I Oding ring method.
572 12.09 8.4 200
300 83.36 57.9
2 8 68 29.5 0.075 23 22.9 22.6 (22.1) Tested in nitrogen atmosphere.

Weld Weld metal, built up to approx. 3/4 o
metal x 3/4 in. (19x19 mm ) section on 20 203.4 158.6 158 156 (152.5 >
a piece of mild-steel strip, using 392 0.225 39.8 37.4 (34.3)
No. 6 S. W. G. coated wire, British 200 274.5 258 (236. 5
Standard 639, Class A.
392 0.075 21.2 20.8 (19.3)
200 146 143.5 (133)
M
752 0.225 31.3 28.5 (23.7)
400 216 196.5 (163.5
752 0.075 17.6 16.7 (15.4)
400 121.5 115 (106)
1112 0.225 12.7 9.6 (4.25)
600 87.5 66.2 (29. 5)
1112 0.075 11.2 8.7 (4.35)
600 77 60 (30)
Torsion 3 64 German boiler steel H-l. 932 15.5 '11.1 5.4 Torsion test on solid cylindrical
500 106.9 76.5 37.3 specimen, with 14 mm (0. 55 in.)
"Heat treated". ( As received ). gage diameter.
''initial torsion stress at room temperature. Torsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. s CO (V

H - E >._ E
a"! 2 S
Mn Si Cr Nj Mo V Cu Sn
a
o
i5
I
o
w
DO
GO
I
W
f

1
C-Mn 0.145 1.26 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.02 <0. 01 0.09 0.016 0.029 0.043 Room 79.0 54,4
Nb 545. 375. to
<0.003 w
0.155 1.41 0.10 0.045 0.08 0.025 <3. 01 0.09 0.032 0.029 0.024 Room 89. 55,6
Nb 619. 383.
<0.002
io
IP-1
r

CO
3E
temperature,
_3 Residual stress, o
3 ._ N
3 o
0) form and size, history of material. " E ksi CD
C >
deg F
degC
3 E z strain. MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is 2 stress, stress. time,
Heat treatment o 2 CD
%
03
to
CO
to v> (0
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h _2
5 a CD
UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
a
b
Torsion 3 64 [ Continuation, for tubular speci- 842 19. 35 8.55 6.85 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm O. I
mens from the same steel ] 450 133.4 58.8 47.1 x 2 mm wall thickness ( 0. 55 in.
x 0. 08 in.)
932 19.35 7.8 5.4
500 133.4 53.9 37.3 Results were scaled from a plot.
932 15.5 7.55 5.0
500 106.9 52.0 34.3
932 11.65 6.7 4.55
500 80.41 46.1 31.4
932 8.55 5.0 4.0
500 58.84 34.3 27.5
o
1022 19.35 5.85 3.2
550 133.4 40.2 22.1
1112 19.35 4.1 1.55
600 133.4 28.4 10.8 TO
1-3
M
1202 19.35 2.4 0.8 M
650 133.4 16.7 5.4 co
1
4 4 Ducol QT 122A. Basic open hearth. 977 0.15 23.8* 15.8 11.5) Values for two heats. Relaxation
Plates 1 and 1. 25 in. ( 25 and 32 525 24.2' 10.3 data are average or the range,
mm) thick. 164 ) 109 79} according to which had been plot-
167 ' 7l' ted.
Quenched 900 C ( 1650 F ); 1022 0.15 20.9} 8.8*
Tempered 600 C ( 1110 F ). 12.2
550 21.5' 7.2;
151 x 84 60. 5,
148 ' 50 V
1067 0.15 19.7, 5.8.
575 18.8' 9.8 5.2'
136 40.
130 > 67.5 36. '
L112 0.15 17. 0} 6.6 3.9>
600 16. r 3.0'
117 } 45.5 27. j
111 ' 20.5'
b
"initial torsion stress at room temperature. Torsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
Carbon Steels

an
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o J= .- E .- E 00 M
o > ' >._ E
E j i
5 S o ^
S*2"
o.
Mn Cr Mo Al Sn N
123 0.06 0.27 0.25 0.048 0.058 Room 89.4 81.6 o
to to max. max. max. 616.4 562.6
0.18 0.63
>
5
123 0.06 0.27 0.25 0.048 0.058
to to max. max. max.
o
*t
0.18 0.63 CO
>-3
S3
M
ra
CZ)
i
123 0.06 0.27 0.25 0.048 0.058 SO
to to max. max. max. M
0.18 0.63 f
s
27 0.13 1.18 0.18 0.03 0.07 0.005 0.105 0.006 0.003J 0.018 0.032
>
Cu
0.05 8
>
C
o
03
1E rt w
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, **3
O form and size, history of material. T3 w c ksi CD
2."- " o o. t MN/m2
3
stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"5
a
eg
Heat treatment c o o
o (3 strain. stress. time. O
<z % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
:
V) (0
Q H LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
5 123 ASTM A192, seamless tube. 500 79.6 66.8

260 548.8 460.6
As received 750 54.4 24.5
399 375.1 168.9
6 123 Same tube as Material No. 5 500 20.1 12.15

260 138.6 83.8
1750 F (954C), 1/2 h, furnace 1000 17.15 4.27
cooled. 538 118.2 29.4
7 123 Same tube as Material No. 5 500 52.8 45.5

260 364. 313.7
>
1750 F ( 954 C ), water quenched; 750 45.7 28.7 wa
1000 F (538C), 1/2 h. 399 315.1 197.9 o
1000 24.8 2.84
z
CO
538 171. 19.6 H
W
71 h M
8 27 Basic open-hearth steel. 977 0.1 7.6 4.6 Results were scaled from a plot. CO
Aluminum killed, plate 2-3/4 in. 525 52.4 31.7

( 70 mm ) thick. 977 0.1 7.9 4.9 2.65
525 54.5 33.8 18.3
Normalized 1650 to 1690 F ( 900 to
920 C ). 1022 0.1 5.4 3.1 1.55
550 37.2 21.4 10.7
1067 0.1 4.3 2.3 1.1
575 29.6 15.9 7.6
1112 0.1 2.4 1.15 0.4
600 16.55 7.9 2.8
1157 0.1 1.85 0.55 0.1
625 12.8 3.8 0.7
1157 0.1 0.55
625 3.8
Carbon Steels

*J - E ._ E > _ E
O < "^
E -8 a * z
5 s o * 2 2
Mn Cr Ni Mo Al Sn Cu
O
O
27 0.13 1.18 0.18 0.03 0.07 0.005 0.013 0.006 0.05 0.018 0.032
N F
0.00435
>
S
O
>n
CO
SO
M
CQ
CO
i
SO
H
F
>
S
as
10 121 0.135 1.20 0.17 0.018 0.025
>
SO
M
11 121 0.135 1.25 0.18 0.025 0.036

>
F
F
O
K)
CO
J3 Residual stress. 0
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3
E 0) form and size, history of material. ksi re
0 0 a. .fc
C
3 MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
IS Si Heat treatment 0 ? O strain, stress, stress. time, '0
re
re % ksi 1 10 12 72 10,000 ksi h re
^
<D V>
Q h- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
9 27 Basic open-hearth steel. 977 0.1 8.9 5.8 Results were scaled from a plot.
Silicon killed. 525 31.4 40.0
Plate 2-3/4 in. (70 mm) thick. 977 0.1 9.1 6.2 3.95
A different ingot from the same 525 62.7 42.8 27.2
heat as Material No. 8.
1022 0.1 4.7 3.1 2.7
Normalized 1650 to 1690 F (900 to 550 32.4 21.4 18.6
920 C). 1067 0.1 4.0 3.15 1.5
575 27.6 21.7 10.3
1112 0.1 3.2 1.95 0.3
600 22.1 13.4 2.1
1157 0.1 2.8
625 19.3 >
SO-
1157 0.1 2.85 1.2 0.05
625 19.6 8.3 0.35
OT
H
10 121 Boiler-quality steel. 1022 0.15 14.6 9.9 W
Specimens were sampled from M
Silicon killed. 550 100.7 68.3 the 1/4 thickness location. f
Plate 3 in. (76 mm) thick.
TO
1067 0.15 9.0 5.4 3.1
575 62. 37.2 21.4
920 C ). 1112 0.15 7.0 4.3 2.5
600 48.3 29.6 17.2
1157 0.15 4.9 2.0
625 33.8 13.8
11 121 Boiler-quality steel. 1022 0.15 11.3 5.6 4.0 Specimens were sampled from
Silicon killed. 550 77.9 38.6 27.6 the 1/4 thickness location.
Plate 3 in. ( 76 mm ) thick. 1067 0.15 5.9 3.4
575 40.7 23.4
920 C ). 1112 0.15 4.3 1.3
600 29.6 9.
1157 0.15 2.2
625 15.2
Carbon Steels
O)
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o > E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
t* '< ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo.
O
121 0.135 1.01 0.13 0.015 0.030 O
>
O
z
13 121 0.14 1.28 0.011 0.026 o
*J
en
H

W
CO
CO
I
a
M
r
>
14 121 0.16 1.09 0.18 0.030 0.043 3
>
a
M
a
o
15 51 0.17 0.72 0.20 0.022 0.024 w
>1
c-
o
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ksi reo
GN/m2
3 09
106 psi
C U
deg F
degC
a stress,
3
Heat treatment strain, stress, time, u
s
5
CO
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h sre

Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
12 121 Boiler-quality steel. 977 0.15 9.0 '3.4'

Aluminum grain refined. 525 62.0 23.4
Plate 2 in. ( 51 mm ) thick. 1022 0.15 6.1 2.0
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F ( 880 to 550 42.1 13.8
920 C ).
13 121 Boiler-quality steel. 1022 0.15 8. 4 to 4.7to 3.1to Specimens were sampled from
Silicon killed. 550 a 9.1 5.9 4.0 the 1/4 thickness location.
Plate 3 in. ( 76 mm ) thick. 57.9. 32.4. 21.4
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F (880 to 62.7' 40.7' 27.6'
920 C ). 1112 0.15 3.2 1.6
600 22.1 11.0
o
1157 0.15 2.5 >
625 17.2 12h 72 h
14 121 Boiler-quality steel. 932 0.15 12.4 7.4 4.0 Specimens were sampled from to
Aluminum grain refined. 500 85.5 51.0 H
27.6 the 1/4 thickness location. W
Plate 3 in. (76 mm ) thick. 977 0.15 10.0 4.2
a
p
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F (880 to 525 68.9 29.0
920 C ).
1022 0.15 7.7 3.1
550 53.1 21.4
1067 0.15 5.6 1.4
575 38.6 9.6
15 51 Basic open-hearth steel. 797 0.1 16.8 15.0 13.4 11.3 Results were scaled from a plot.
Hot-rolled bars. 425 115.8 103.4 92.4 77.9
1742 F (950C), 1/2 h, air cooled. 851 0.05 11.5 10.6 9.4 8.2
455 79.3 73.1 64.8 56.5
851 0.1 15.5 13.9 11.9 9.9
455 106.9 95.8 82.0 68.3
851 0.5 27.6 19.4 16.2 13.2
455 190.3 133.8 111.7 91.0
905 0.1 15.3 13.3 11.0 8.2
485 105.5 91.7 75.8 56.5
J
Range of values for triplicate tests.
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5 ~

=5 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Al Sn
O
C-Mn 16 64 0.15 0.90 0.25 <0.01 0.029 0.038 Room 70.0 39.25 32.2 58.1 O
482.5 270.7
f
>
H
8ss
o
*i
CO
>-3
SO
Sol.AI M
CO
C-Mn 17 0.15 1.17 0.15 0.09 0.17 0.04 0.10 0.069 0.009 0.026 0.023 Room 69.9 45.25 CO
I
482. 312. SO
H
f
SO
1
>
f1
c-
o
!
CO
18 51 0.24 0.61 0.10 0.04 0.032
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
of
Sflj 3
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
0
o
Qi form and size, history of material. g =" ksi re
o 8. E
c
3 z MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
To
8 Heat treatment
C 0) o strain. stress. stress. time.
re
re W> re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h to
:> a H UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
b
Torsion 16 64 German boiler steel 17Mn4. 842 19.91 9.8 7.9 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 137.3 67.7 54.4 (0.55 in.) O. D. x 2 mm (0.08 in. )
As received ( heat treated ). 932 19.91 9.0 6.7 wall thickness.
500 137.3 61.8 46.1
Results were scaled from a plot.
1022 19.91 6.75 4.4
550 137.3 46.6 30.4
1112 19.91 2.9 2.05
600 137.3 20.1 14.2
1
17 4 BS 1501-224. Basic open hearth. 662 0.15 26.8 21.5 20.45 Results were scaled from a plot.
High residual elements. Plate 1 in. 350 185 148 141
( 25 mm ) thick. 752 0.15 23.35 19.3 17.4 >
400 161 133 120
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ).
842 0.15 21.5 16.4 12.4
450 148 113 85.5
887 0.15 21.5 14.9 10.3 a
475 148 103 71
CO
932 0.15 20.6 12.8 7.6

500 142 88 52.5
977 0.15 18.9 9.8 4.8
525 130 67.5 33.
1022 0.15 17.0 7.0 3.3
550 117 48.5 23.
1067 0.15 16.1 5.2 2.3
575 111. 36. 16.
1112 0.15 13.5 3.8 1.3
600 93. 26. 9.
18 51 Acid open-hearth steel. 932 0.14 21.4 3.2 2.7 16667 Longitudinal specimens.
Superheater header. 500 147.5! 22.1 18.6
1652 F (900C), air cooled.
"Initial torsion stress at room temperature. "Torsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
Carbon Steels
GO
: ._ >._
E
5 -o . * Z -* z
2 E
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
19 0.155 0.58 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.015 <0.01 0.09 0.011 0.014 0.014 Room 60. 31.6 O
419. 218.
>
3
O
CO
H
W
M
CO
CQ
I
SJ
H1
20 106 0.16 0.50 0.24 0.018 0.07 62.4 tr
Room "40.7 37. 57.8 >
430.5 280.5
>
>
r
f
o
!
CO
"Yield point.
1E
temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final o
3 o form and size, history of material. 3 .- CM
ksi re
C o o-^
deg F
degC
E z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress, stress, time,
!2 S Heat treatment o?(3 strain. o
<0
Q
% VI
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ED
: Q l- HI MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
19 4 BS 1501:151. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 14.8 6.1 3.2 12 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 25 in. (32 mm ) thick. 550 102 42. 22.
1067 0.15 13.5 4.65 2.3 12
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ). 575 32. 16.
93.
1112 0.15 11.2 3.25 1.15 12
600 77. 22. 5 8.0
1157 0.15 9.45 2.5 0.75 12
625 65. 17. 5.
1202 0.15 8.55 1.6 0.15 12
650 59. 11. 1.
Mean Cyclic
strain, strain, >
20 106 Annealed 900 C ( 1650 F ), 1 h, % % Automatic tester, with low- w
after machining. 842 0.40 0 13.45 12.25 11.1 9.7 amplitude alternating strains w
o
450 92.7 84.3 76.5 66.7 superimposed on constant mean
842 0.40 3.0034 12.95 11.5 10.0 total strain. CO
H
450 89.2 79.4 68.65 M
Results were scaled from a plot. a
842 0.40 3.0081 11.25 9.45 7.7 f
450 77.5 65.2 52.95
842 0.40 3.0095 10.7 8.7 6.55
450 73.55 59.8 45.1
Cyclic 842 0.25 0 12.3 11.25 10.2 8.9
Strain 450 84.8 77.5 70.1 61.3
842 0.25 3. 0034 11.8 10.55 9.25
450 81.4 72.6 63.7
842 0.25 3. 0068 10.55 8.8 7.05
450 72.6 60.8 48.5
842 0.15 0 10.5 9.6 8.7 7.75
450 72.1 66.2 59.8 53.45
842 0.15 3. 0034 10.05 9.05 8.0 6.8)
450 69.1 62.3 54.9 47.1)
842 0.15 0.0068 9.0 7.55 6.1
450 61.8 52.0 42.2
842 0.15 0.0081 8.1 6.75 5.25

450 55.9 46.6 36.3
Carbon Steels

CO
a " <-> > _
g 01 .9 JJ
C -* z
o
a
2 2
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sol. Al Sn
O
C-Mn 21 0.155 1.14 0.15 0.010 0.06 0. 01C 0.07 0.046 0.009 0.010 0.026 Room 64.5 40.6 O
445. 280.
F
>
s
o
CO

M
Nb CO
C-Mn 22 0.155 1.33 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.11 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.021 Room 72.1 47.0 CO
I
to to to to to to to to to to to to to a
M
0.235 1.62 0.07 0.15 0.18 0.035 0.24 0.027 0.31 0.032 0.041 83.8 58.0 F
V 497 324 >
0.01 to to
578 400
52!
>
1
>
F
F
O
)
CO
03
3 _3
3 .- M Initial
Residual stress.
Final
6
3 O
form and size, history of material. CD
ksi
C O Q. t
MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment o S= O strain, stress, time.
TO
CO 1/1 JO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
5 O
MN/m2 h h h h h
Q
H HI
MN/m2 111
21 4 BS 1501-224, low residuals. 977 0.15 16.5 8.1 3.9 Results were scaled from a plot.
Basic open hearth. Plate 1.87 in. 525 114. 56. 27.
(47. 5 mm ) thick. 0.15 15.2 6.2 2.3
1022
550 105. 43. 16.
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F )
1067 0.15 13.9 4.8 1.3
575 96. 33. 9.
1112 0.15 11.6 3.2 0.9
600 80. 22. 6.
4h 12h
22 4 BS 1501-213. Basic open hearth. 977 0.15 20. 2x 12.3) 9.4N 7.1 Composition, tensile properties,
Plate 1 in. ( 25 mm ) thick. 525 21.5 13.0 10.2 7.7 and relaxation data are ranges for
139 ) 84.5. 65 N 49 ) five heats of steel.
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ) 148 ' 90 70 ' 53.5
Relaxation results were scaled
1022 0.15 18.4 9.6 6.4
from a plot.
550 21.5 10.2) 7.2 4.91 CO
127 ) 66 > 44.5 30.5 H

a
148 ; 70. 5* 49. 5 34 > a
C
1067 0.15 16.5 6.3 4.3, 2.6,
18. fcv 7.5 4.9 3.2J
114 43.5 29.5 18 ,
130 ' 52 34 22 >
1112 0.15 14.8, 4.3 2.4 i.o1

15. T 4.9 2.9 1.6J
102 , 30 16.5
108 ' 34 20 il:>
1157 0.15 12.5, 2.6 1.1. 0.3,
13. 51 3.3 1.7 0.7J
86. 18. 7.5, 2.
93. } 23. 11.5 5.
1202 0.15 10.7 (1.9 (0.7
650 74. (13.) (5.)
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ri
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
o
0.16 1.19 0.13 0.055 0.14 0.03 0.19 0.021 0.031 0.025 Room 72.4 41.6 O
499. 287. hi
tt
F
>
52!
O
*d
co
H

W
co
24 52 0.17 0.72 0.20 0.022 0.024 CO
I

H
F
>
52!
>
W
2!
O
25 0.17 0.56 0.028 0.064 0.11 0.026 0.031 68 66.5 22.4 29.1 27 1
20 458.5 154.4 200.6 >
F
392 22.4 27.6 F
200 154.4 190.3 o
CO
572 17.9 21.5
300 123.4 148.2
752 14.6 20.6
400 100.7 142.0
i i
0.1% Offset Yield Strength
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
3 0)
106 psi
C U
deg F
degC
MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment U
0) re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tft
s Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
23 4 BS 1501-221. Basic open hearth. 977 0.15 21.0 15.1 12.0 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 5 in. ( 38 mm ) thick. 525 145. 104. 82. 5
1022 0.15 19.7 11.9 8.7
550 136. 82. 60.
1067 0.15 18.0 8.1 5.95
575 124. 63. 41.
1112 0.15 17.4 5.5 3.6
600 120. 38. 25.
a
24 52 Hot-rolled bar, 1 in. ( 25 mm ) 797 0.1 18.8 16.6 14.8 12.8 11.4 Relaxation data were scaled from
diameter. 425 129.7 114. 102. 88. 79. a plot of log stress vs. log time. o
>
851 0.5 27.55 23.1 19.5 16.1 13.2
950 C ( 1742 F ), air cooled.
455 190.0 159. 134. 111. 91. 8
851 0.1 17.7 15.7 13.9 12.1 10.3 CO
455 122.0 108. 96. 83.5 71. H
M
851 0.05 12.55 11.8 10.7 9.6 8.3 M
F
455 86.5 81. 74. 66.5 57. CO
905 0.1 17.9 15.2 13.2 11.1 8.05

485 123.5 105. 91. 76.5 55.5
977 0.1 15.2 10.8 8.1 6.3 4.3
525 105. 74. 55.5 43. 29.5
1067 0.1 11.2 6.5 4.8 3.25 1.35
575 77. 45. 33. 22.5 9.3
25 8 Rolled plate, 1-1/4 in. ( 32 mm ) 68 28.0 0.075 22.4 22.4 22.4 (22.0 Automatic test machine. Loading
thick. 20 193.0 154.45 154.4 154. (152. time about 1 min. for small initial
strains, and up to about 25 min.
68 0.225 29.0 25.5 24.9 I 24.6
Strain Stress relieved 1 h at 1200 F ( 650 20 199.95 174. 172. (170.
for large initial strains.
up to C ) after rough machining, and 2 h Tests in nitrogen atmosphere.
3% at 1110 F ( 600 C ) after final 68 3.0 38.1 37.9 ; 37.6
machining. 20 263. 261. ;259. Data were scaled from a plot.
212 0.075 21.7 21.7 21.7 ; 21.3
100 149.6 149.5 149. :i47. )
Stress at 1 minute test time.
Carbon Steels
e
3
Chemical composition, % by wt. u u. u N
ri
g- ai oi
a ^ -a a> -* Z
=1 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo
o
O
>
H
8
2!
O
*j
w
H
S3
M
m
m
i
W
M
f
>
>
w
a
>
r
o
!
26 52 0.17 0.72 0.20 0.022 0.024 CO
Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
E form and size, history of material. ksi TO
GN/m2
3
106 psi
u
0>
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
3 stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
aTO Heat treatment strain, stress,
re TO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
25 8 [ Continuation from previous page] 212 0.225 25.0 24.9 ; 23.6

100 172.5 171.5 (162.5
392 25.2 0.075 20.8 19.8 18.7 ( 17.5
200 173.7 143.4 136.5 129 (120.5
392 0.225 27.5 19.8 18.2 ( 17.7
200 189.6 136.5 125.5 (122
392 3.0 50.0 48.8 ( 47.6
200 344.5 336.5 (328 )
572 24.8 0.075 18.0 16.9 16.7 ( 15.9
300 171. 124.1 116.5 115. ;i09. 5
572 0.225 22.0 20.9 20.7 ! 19.7 >
300 151.7 144. 142.5 (136. w
572 3.0 39.2 37.8 ( 36.4 ot
300 270.5 260.5 (251. CO
i-3
752 24.0 0.075 17.0 14.2 13.8 ( 12.4 M
400 165.5 117.2 98. 95. ; 85.5 M
f
en
752 0.225 21.0 18.1 16.2 ( 14.4
400 144.8 125. 111.5 ( 99.
752 3.0 32.3 27.7 23.7
400 222.5 191. 163.
1112 0.075 3.5 2.25 1.6
600 24. 15.5 ( 11.
1112 0.225 3.5 1.9 I 0.9
600 24. 13. : e.
1112 3.0 3.8 2.1 : 1.2
600 26. 14.5 s. ;
26 52 Material number 24, Spheroidized 1067 0.1 9.0 5.15 3.15 0.8 Relaxation data were scaled from
24 h at 1200 F ( 650 C ), air cooled 575 62. 35.5 21.6 5.4 a plot of log stress vs. log time.
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o ._ E ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
a -a * Z -* z
Mn Cr Ni Mo Al
O
C-Mn 64 0.19 1.11 0.39 0.065 0.015 0.023 Room 77.95 51.9 32.6 65.3 o
537.4 357.9 s
t(
F
>
O
O
n
en
H
W
W
CO
i
28 64 0.20 0.61 0.29 <0.01 0.026 0.032 Room 70.7 44.7 32.2 59.8 w
487.4 307.9
F
>
>
29 0.20
Cu
0.74 0.04 0.045 0.11 0.02 <0. 01 0.07
Sn
0.013 0.027 0.026 Room 66.3 33.7 s
457. 232.
1
>
F
F
o
!
CO
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
6
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
09
106 psi
3 O
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
13
*2 a Heat treatment stress,
strain, time,
<U TO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JS
5
CD
a b
27 64 German boiler steel 18Mn5. Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
842 26.38 9.25 6.5 (0. 55 in.) O. D. x 2 mm (0.08 in.)
450 181.9 63.7 44.6
As received ( heat treated ). wall thickness.
932 26.38 7.7 4.0
1022 26.38 5.7 1.55
550 181.9 39.2 10.8
Torsion 1112 26.38 2.85 0.5

600 181.9 19.6 3.4
28 64 German boiler steel H-IV. 842 22.62 8.8 6.8 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 155.9 60.8 47.1 (0. 55 in.) O. D. x 2 mm (0. 08 in.) >
"Heat treated". wall thickness.
932 22.62 7.4 4.85
500 155.9 51.0 33.3
Results were scaled from a plot. CO
1022 22.62 5.7 2.65 H
550 155.9 39.2 18.1 M
M
F
1112 22.62 3.25 1.4 CO
600 155.9 22.55 9.8

1202 22.62 2.7 0.5
650 155.9 18.6 3.4
29 4 BS 1501:151. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 16.1 6.9 3.8 12 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 25 in. (32 mm) thick. 550 111. 47.5 26.
1067 0.15 13.95 5.2 2.9 12
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ). 575 96. 36. 20.
1112 0.15 12.5 3.85 1.75 12
600 86. 26.5 12.
1157 0.15 10.75 3.0 1.0 12
625 74. 20.5 7.
1202 0.15 9.0 2.05 0.5 12
650 62. 14. 3.5
"initial torsion stress at room temperature. Torsion stress on reaching test temperature.
Carbon Steels
Q
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. fc -
- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
(A Vt >._ c
o
2. a * Z
=5 S
-* z
8*1
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
O
C-Mn 30 0.21 1.60 0.24 0.055 0.08 0.01 <0.002 0.11 0.019 0.032 0.027 Room 92.2 69.9 O
0.185 1.44 0.41 0.055 0.09 0.04 <0.001 0.12 0.016 0.014 0.017 636. 482.
Sol. Total Room 91.2 69.0
Nb Al Al 629. 476.
0.002 0.014 0.022 s
0.001 0.057 0.062
o
*l
CO

a
CO
CO
I
W
M
f
>
s
31 63 0.22 1.26 0.48 0.024 0.041 Room 80.8 55.3 23.3 ASTM grain size 8 to 10.
557. 381.5 >
>
f
f
O
!
co
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
Elastic modulus,
0
GN/m2
3 0)
106 psi
C o
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3
is Si Heat treatment o
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
re 2
V>
sto Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
30 4 Ducol QT 131 B. Basic open hearth 977 0.15 22.3 I 9.9 4.9 Tests on two different heats.
Plates 1 In. ( 25. 4 mm ) thick. 525 21.5 Relaxation data are the average
Aluminum grain-size control. 154> 68. 34. for the two heats, scaled from
148' a plot.
Quenched 900 C ( 1650 F );
1022 0.15 18.0 ,7.0 3.2
Tempered 600 C ( 1110 F).
550 18.4
124.. 48. 22.
127 >
1067 0.15 14.4 ,4.6 1.5
575 16.1
99 32. 10.
111.'
>
1112 0.15 11.6 , 2.3 0.65
600 12.0
80 16 4.5
83 '
CO
H
H
a b M
31 63 German steel St 52. 752 31.3 15.9 13.45 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
400 215.7 109.8 92.7 specimens with gage section 10
As rolled. e mm ( 0.4 in.) diameter x 340 mm
752 31.3 16.2 12.95 (13.4 in.) long.
400 215.7 111.8 89.2
450 215.7 98. 74.0
932 31.3 10. 5 6.25
500 215.7 72.6 43.1
Torsion
1022 31.3 7.75 3.15
550 215.7 53.4 21.6
1112 31.3 4.85 1.2
600 215.7 33.3 8.3
1202 31.3 2.85 0.3
650 215.7 19.6 2.0
"initial torsion stress at room temperature. "Torsion stress on reaching temperature in about 2 h of heating.
:
Specimen taken to test temperature in about 0. 7 h.
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. (A M

S - E > _ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
-* z x Z
2 2 S
z
fc *
Mn Cr Ni Mo
32 63 0.22 1.26 0.48 0.024 0.041 Room 73.2 40.4 25.2 57.8 ASTM grain size 3 to 4. o
505. 278.5
>
3
o
CO
3J
W
TOI
CO
50
M
r
33 93 0.22 0.30 0.04 0.04 Room 67 35 36 56 Charpy V-notch impact 8 ft. lb. 0 deg.F
max. to max. max. 462 241 ( 10. 8 joules @ -17. 8 deg. C ).
0.60
o
>
3to
Ml
34 52 0.24 0.61 0.10 0.040 0.032
Cast 35 109 0.32 0.52 0.28 0.019 0.029 77 81.8 Tensile properties were scaled from a
I
>
563.9
s
25 plot.
842 53.3 33.9
450 367.7 233.4 CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
u
0)
106 psi
CO
C
>
deg F
degC
"re MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 strain, stress, stress, time, 'o
<u
Heat treatment
re eg
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h W)
s CO JO
a b
32 63 Material No. 31, coarse-grain 842 22.9 10.45 9.1 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
annealed 3 h at 1100 C ( 2012 F ). 450 157.9 72.1 62.8 specimens with gage section 10
mm ( 0. 4 in.) diameter x 340 mm
932 22.9 9.4 6.7 (13.4 in.) long.
500 157.9 64.7 46.1
Torsion 550 157.9 55.9 26.0
1112 22.9 4.6 2.15
600 157.9 31.9 14.7
1202 22.9 2.9 1.05
650 157.9 20.1 7.4
o
>
w
33 93 Air melted, hot-rolled plate 1 in. 800 21 12. 9. 8. 24 tn
83. 62. 55. o
(25.4 mm ) thick. 427 144.8 z
900 18. 8. 5. 5. 24 TO
H
482 124.1 55. 34.5 34.5 H
W
1000 16. 8. 5. 4. 24
538 110.3 55. 34.5 27.5
1100 11. 2. 0
593 75.8 14. 0
34 52 Superheater header, 12 in. ( 305 932 0.14 c

19. 5 14.7 11.5 8.5 5.8 4.5 4500 Results were scaled from a plot of
mm) 0. D. x 1 in. ( 25 mm) thick. 500 134. 101. 79.5 59. 40. 31. log stress vs. log time.
35 109 Soviet cast steel 25 L. 842 22.62 28.45 13.95 11.1 Oding ring method.
Sand casting 80 mm (3.15 in.) 450 155.9 196.1 96.1 76.5
diameter x 450 mm ( 17. 7 in.) high
842 21.34 10.7 8.5
As cast
450 147.1 73.55 58.8
977 21.9 28.45 7.8 6.4
525 151.1 196.1 52 44.1
977 21.34 5.0 3.55
525 147.1 34.3 24.5
Initial torsion stress at room temperature. 'Torsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
'Residual stress at 1 minute test time.
Carbon Steels
e
3n N
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o "5 V) IM
c SP
*= S E
S - E >._ E
0) -O *D
o ^
Mn Mo Cu Sn
O
48 0.24 0.69 0.22 0.09 0.27 0.03 0.16 0.005 0.033 0.036 O
101
s
z
o
*l
R>
W
CO
CO
I
50
w
>
3
w
Cfl
Residual stress,
8,"- " MN/m2
ESS
E
% Z strain, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment T5 "O
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
Tension 36 48 Core from an ingot 16 in. (406 mm) 842 28.54 19.8 16.0 15.7 150 Tension tests on solid specimens,
101 diameter x 34.5 in. (876 mm) long. 450 196.8 136.7 110.5 108. 0.3 57 in. ( 9.1 mm) diameter x
2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm) gage length.
b
842 28.54 18.4 14.8 14.8 167
950C (1742 F), 3 h, air cooled; 196.8
450 126.5 102. 102. Manually-controlled tests of about
930C(1706F), 15 min., air cooled;
575 C (1067 F), 3 h, furnace cooled. 842 23.27 16.45 13.7 13.2 150 150 h duration were not adjusted
450 160.5 113.5 94. 91. overnight.
842 21.37 15.35 12.8 12.55 150 Most results were scaled from
450 147.3 105.8 88. 86.5 plots.
842 20.52 14.7 12.55 12.2 150
450 141.5 101. 86.5 84.
b
842 20.52 15.45 12.55 11.7 300
450 141.5 106.5 86.5 81. >
842 15.68 11.7 10.3 10.1 150 a
450 108.1 80.6 71. 69.5
o
2,
CO
H
842 28.54 18.3 15.95 15.25 300 Compression tests on solid speci- a
Compression 450 196.8 126. 110. 105. mens, 0. 357 in. (9.1 mm) dia- a1
meter x 2. 8 in. ( 71 mm ) overall t-
842 23.28 16.1 13.65 13.5 300
CO
length, with central 1 in. (25.4
450 160.5 111. 94. 93.
mm) used as a gage length.
842 20.51 13.8 12.5 12.35 300 Equivalent length 2.0in. (50.8 mm),
450 141.4 95. 86. 85. Slenderness ratio 22.4 .
842 15.68 11.6 10.6 10.45 300
450 108.1 80. 73. 72. Results were scaled from a plot.
C
T s 5h
Tension 842 6.76 16.02 13.45 9.27 8.33 Thin-wall tube specimens,0. 56 in.
+ 450 46.64 110.4 92.74 63.9 (14. 2 mm) O. D. x 0. 015 in. (0.38
Torsion mm) wall thickness, tested under
842 20.16 6.72 10.97 9.23 8.38 7.50 8.33 combined tension and torsion.
450 139.0 46.33 75.6 63.6 57.8 51.7 Total shear strain was maintained
842 8.96 11.20 10.07 8.47 7.71 7.49 8.33 constant by manual adjustment of
450 61.78 77.2 69.4 58.4 53.1 51.6 the shear load; the axial stress wa^
adjusted in proportion to hold the
842 13.44 8.96 9.67 7.84 7.03 6.81 8.33
octahedral plane fixed.
450 92.67 61.78 66.67 54. 48.5 46.9
Most of the results were scaled
from a plot.
Residual stresses given for tension-torsion tests are the octahedral shear stress. "Automatic control.
C
T = tensile stress; S=shear stress; \ = octahedral shear stress =(V2/3)( T*+ 3S2)'*for tension-torsion tests.
Carbon Steels

S u. o S - E TS "
? 2>
^ 2
-* z
ri
Mn Cr Ni Mo Al
O
0.34 0.55 0.19 0.06 Room 66.7 39.0 41.3 65.5 0. 01%/ 1000 h creep strength at 850 F O
459.9 268.9 (454C) = 3.5ksi (24.1 MN/ m).
0.35 0.55 0.19 Room 68.0 21.5 62.3 0. 01%/ 1000 h creep strength at 850 F >
468.8 148.2 (454C) = 3.7ksi( 25.5 MN/ m>).
1
O
0.35 0.55 0.19 0. 01%/ 1000 h creep strength at 850 F >*)
(454C) = 3.1ksi (21.4 MN/m2). CO
3)
M
0.35 0.55 0.19 0.06 BHN 131. ASTM grain size 8. co
to
i

M
C
>
0.35 0.55 0.19 0.06 BHN 156; ASTM grain size 3 to 4.
>
Cast 63 0.36 0.66 0.71 0.041 0.017 Room 90. 50.2 21 34 ASTM grain size 5 to 8.
625. 346.
>1
r
43 0.41 0.79 Room 82.7 42.2 34 58

s
09
570.2 291.0
Residual stress,
form and size, history of material. 3 ksi
?& E
E a> E z strain, stress,
MN/m2
stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment <u -a -a
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
37 1550 F(843C), 1 h, furnace cool; 850 20.0 15.0 5.75 3.35 (1.35) 1380
1280 F (693 C), 2 h, furnace cool. 454 137.9 103.4 39.65 23.1 (9.3 )
38 1550F(843C), 1 h, furnace cool; 850 20.0 0.15 30.0 3.17 1.70

1280 F( 693 C), 2 h, furnace cool. 454 137.9 206.8 21.9 11.7
39 1550F(843C), 1 h, furnace cool; 850 20.0 0.05 10.0 2.50 1.26

1280 F( 693 C), 2 h, furnace cool. 454 137.9 68.95 17.25 8.7
40 1550 F( 843 C), furnace cool. 850 7.5 3.25

454 51.7 22.4
O
850 7.5 3.1 >
454 51.7 21.4
41 1900 F( 1038 C), 6 h, air cool. 850 7.5 4.1
454 51.7 28.3 at
H
850 7.5 4.1 a
454 M
51.7 28.3 f
b CO
42 63 German cast steel GS-52. 842 28.45 13.0 10.55 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
450 196.1 89.7 72.6 specimens with gage section 10 m
Normalized + tempered. (0.4 in.) diameter x 340 mm (13.4
932 28.45 11.65 7.3 in.) long.
500 196.1 80.4 50.5
Torsion 1022 28.45 8.2 4.0 Results were scaled from a plot.
550 196.1 56.4 27.5
1112 28.45 5.5 2.0
600 196.1 37.8 13.7
1202 28.45 3.05 0.55
650 196.1 21.1 3.9
i i
43 1 in. ( 25 mm ) diameter. 850 20.4 9.4 8.0 500

454 140.6 64.8 55.2
Hot rolled.
"initial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. "Torsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
Carbon Steels
e
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. |E u. o *: ._ E 1 - E >' _ E
CO r,
c S
= i x Z
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
44 118 '0.46 0.76 0.31 0.10 0.04 tract 0.014 0.017 572 133. 113.8 O
300 921. 784.5
1
662 118. 106.7 f
350 814. 735.5
'0.10 0.49 0.01 tract 0.024 0.090
O
1
CO
CO
I
W
s
CO
1.5 Mn 45 0.52 1.51 0.22 0.029 0.027 Room 107.9 86.4 26 64 Charpy Impact 46 ft. lb. (62 joules).
743.9 595.7
Bolt composition. 'Nut composition.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
0) form and size, history of material. ksi n
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C O
deg F
degC
2
3 MN/m Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.Is SI Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
n ra
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10.000 ksi h J2
Q
44 118 M12 bolts per DIN 931/ DIN 934. 572 74.0 46.2 Test length 105 mm ( 4.13 in.).
Bolt material per DIN 17 006, 300 509.9 318.7 Nut height 0. 8 d.
Designation Cq 45.
572 74.0 50.5
DIN 267, Strength Class 8G. 300 509.9 Relaxation data were scaled from
348.1
a plot.
Nut: DIN 267, Strength Class 6G. 572 64.7 39.1
300 446.2 269.7
572 64.7 40.5
300 446.2 279.5
572 64.7 44.1
300 446.2 304.0
572 56.2 39.8
300 387.4 274.6 >
SI
Bolt 572
300
0.232 46.8
322.6
35.0
241.2
g
Tests
662 85.35 21.5 H
350 588.4 M
147. a1
t-
662 82.5 25.5 GO
350 568.8 176.5
662 75.4 24.
350 519.8 167.
662 67.6 23.
350 465.8 157.
662 51.2 18.5
350 353.0 127.5
662 42.7 18.5
350 294.2 127.5
662 42.7 15.0
350 294.2 103.
45 H 1475 F( 802 C), 1 h, oil quenched; 750 26.2 0.2 45.0 18.5 11. (5.45) 2185
1200 F (649C), drawn. 399 180.6 310.3 127.5 75.8 (37.6)
Carbon Steels
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
3?
E 3^
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. (0*
MN/m2
MN/m2
U 03
C >._ 6
deg F
degC
C
ksi
3 O
ksi
(O
To
Si s reo>
at re
re 2 c 6
s(0 Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Cu P S _o
UJ
o
46 H 0.58 0.86 0.18 Room 104.9 64.0 28.6 58.3 o
723.3 441.3
47 116 0.60 0.80 0.35

s55
o
*J
t
H
JO
a
co
co
i
50
H
48 91 0.62 0.64 0.26 0.025 0.018 Room 205.4 175.1 185.8 9.6
1416. 1207. 1281. H
S
z
3
49 91 0.74 0.44 0.26 0.028 0.019 Room 202.7 133.7 175.7 8.
1397. 921.8 1211.
8
M
>
f
50 69 Room 216 185 8 f
1489 1276 o
CO
b
51 112 0.75 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.25* Room 235
to to to max. max. max. 1618
0.84 0.40 0.35
Elongation in 7. 2 diameters. Typical analysis.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 _3
w Initial
Residual stress.
u
o
3 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment jB ^ TJ
strain. time,
CO
*->
CO
CO W) CO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h _co
2 Q LU MN/m2 h h h h h UJ
H MN/m2
46 H 1650 F (899C), oil quenched; 750 27.2 0.2 54.4 10.6 6.4
1250 F (677 C), furnace cooled; 399 187.5 375.1 73.1 44.1
1290 F (699C ), furnace cooled.
47 116 932 1.55 44.1 17.8 12.5 8.5 45 Specimens 20 mm (0. 8 in.) dia. x
500 304.0 122.6 86.3 58.8 150 mm ( 5. 9 in.) gage length,
tested in automatic machine.
932 0.48 33.0 16.2 12.0 9.4 28
Sensitivity about 0. 45 ksi ( 2. 9
500 227.5 111.8 82.4 64.7 MN/ m2 ).
932 0.21 27.0 12.1 8.7 6.4 45
932 0.06 13.5 8.1 5.0 2.55 45
500 93.2 55.9 34.3 17.65
48 91 Wire, 7 mm ( 0. 28 in.) diameter. Room 163.6 159 154 Residual stresses were estimated 8
1128 1098 1059 from iso-relaxation curves ( 1, 3,
900C (1652F), oil quenched; Room and 5% relaxation) on a log-log ploi
156.5 152 145 M
Tempered in Pb to about 200 ksi of initial stress versus time. M
2 1079 1049 1000
(1373 MN/ m ) tensile strength.
Room 142.2 141 137
CO
980.7 971 941
49 91 Wire 7 mm ( 0. 28 in.) diameter. Room 163.6 159 156.5 Residual stresses were estimated
1128 1098 1079 from iso-relaxation curves (1,3,
Cold drawn to 7 mm. diameter. and 5% relaxation) on a log-log plot
Room 150.8 147.9 145.8
1040 1020 1005 of initial stress versus time.
Room 142.2 (139.4'

980.7 (961. :
50 69 5mm ( 0. 2 in.) diameter wire of Room 26.7 a

123 120 118.5 118.5 325 Wire was stretched and held to a
type used in Belgium to prestress 184.1 848.1 827 817. 817. fixed length of 82 ft. (25 m).
concrete.
Room 123 115 111. 108 340
Results were scaled from a plot.
848.] 793 765. 745
51 112 Soviet U8 steel. Room 164.3 160 157 154 5000 Natural-frequency method.
5mm ( 0. 2 in.) reinforcing wire 1132.-; 1103 1084 1062 Results were scaled from a plot.
"Prestressed 2 min. at 137 ksi ( 945 MN/m2 )
Carbon Steels
e
s
E
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. o = ~
>._ E 8 Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
I -D -D 5 o * Z
s
-* Z
s 8*|
Total Sol.
Mn Cr Ni Cu Al N N
O
20 0.71 0.71 0.27 0.037 0.042 Room 217.6 162.2 "5.2 O
1500. 1118.
355
o
CO
3
W
W
CO
CO

M
r
>
SO
M
53 112 Room 259

1788 >
54 30 0.76 0.80 0.22 <0. 01 O.0K0.01 0.0053 0.0162 0.0142 0.004 0.008 O
CO
Elongation in 100 mm ( 4 in.).
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final ore
GN/m2
3
106 psi
u
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
3
Si Heat treatment
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
re
V)
s Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JS
ill
52 20 Wire 5 mm ( 0. 2 in.) diameter. 68 185.0 172.5 169. Method of natural frequency of

20 1275.5 1189.4 1166.2 transverse vibrations of a stretched
68 163. 157.5 154. wire.
20 1123.8 1085.9 1061.8 Gage length 100 cm ( 39.4 in.)
68 141.5 137. 135. Residual stresses were scaled
20 975.6 944.6 930.8 from a plot of percent relaxation
122 141.5 135. 131.5 versus time.
50 975.6 930.8 906.7
212 185. 163.5 157.5
100 1275.5 1127.3 1085.9
212 163. 146. 141. o
100 1123.8 1006.6 972.2 >
212 141.5 130. 125.
100 975.6 896.3 861.8
302 185.0 153. 143.5 H
150 1275.5 1054.9 989.4 H
M
f
302 141.5 121. 116. CO
150 975.6 834.3 799.8

392 185.0 140. 127.5
200 1275.5 965.3 879.1
392 163. 131. 122.
200 1123.8 903.2 841.2
392 141.5 116. 108.5
200 975.6 799.8 748.1
53 112 Soviet steel 70. Room 181.6 174.5 171. Natural-frequency method.
7-wire strand, 4.5 mm (0.18 in.) 1252.3 1203. 1177. Results were scaled from a plot.
54 30 Quenched in lead at 540 C (1004 F ); 68 236.5 223. Results were scaled from a plot.
Reduced from 9.5 mm (0.37 in. )to 20 1631. 1535.
4.22 mm (0.165 in.) wire, using a
68 210.2 203.
continuous drawing machine. 20 1449. 1398.
Stress relieved 30-45 sec. in salt 68 184.0 181.
bath at 325C (617 F). 20 1269. 1250.
Carbon Steels
to n
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o b - E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
CD
-* 2
5
Mn Cr Ni Mo Al N
O
30 0.79 0.80 0.22 0.016 0.0047 Room 231.0 202.4 O
1593. 1395.
r
30 0.79 0.71 0.18 0.049 0.0040 Room 240.4 209.1 J
4.5 >
1657. 1442. 5
44 0.75 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.030 0.020
o
*)
to to to max. max. max. max. CO
0.84 0.30 0.30 H

SJ
M
CO
CO
i
to
M1
t-
>
O
2!
>
1
>
F
O
K|
c CO
58 102 0.80 0.58 0.21 Room 250 2. 6
1724
"Elongation in 200 mm ( 8 in.) "Nominal composition 'Elongation in 10 in. ( 254 mm ).
,_
a
3
re
t/T
u
Initial
Residual stress.
Final B
3 0) form and size, history of material. ksi re
C
E MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
*2
3
E 0 0 z
strain. stress. stress. time.
8 Heat treatment 53 "O "O ;?0
0)
* % ksi 1 10 100
<0
CO re 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
CO
S 0
0)
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 ID
55 30 68 149.35 147.6 146.0

20 1029.7 1018. 1006.
56 30 68 149.35 145.1 142.9

20 1029.7 1001. 985.
0.25 h lh 2h
57 44 Soviet steel U8A. 140 78.94 77.4 76.95 76.8
Zubov method for strip in bending.
Strip 0. 32 mm ( 0. 013 in. ) thick x 60 544.3 533.5 530.5 529. 5
6. 75 mm ( 0. 266 in. ) wide. 176 78.94 75.4 73.4 71.1 Results were scaled from a plot.
80 544.3 520. 506.0 490.5
900 C (1652F), water quenched.
[ The strip moved through the 212 78.94 70.3 65.1 61. 6 o
quench at a rate of 3 m/min. (9.8 100 544.3 484.5 449. 424.5 >
w
ft/ min. ) ] 257 78.94 62.3 57.2 56.0 a
125 544.3 429.5 394. 386. o
Not tempered.
302 78.94 53.3 48.9 44.9 co
H
150 544.3 368. 337. 310. W
M
347 78.94 46.9 39.5 35.6 f
co
175 544.3 323.5 272.5 245.
392 78.94 37.4 27.6 25.6
200 544.3 258. 190. 176.5
437 78.94 25.2 19.8 17.4
225 544.3 173.5 136.5 119.5
482 78.94 16.6 12.7 11.8
250 544.3 114.5 87.3 81.4
527 78.94 12.8 10.2 9.5
275 544.3 88.3 70.6 76.7
572 78.94 10.2 7.8 6.7
300 544.3 70.6 53.9 46.1
1
58 102 Wire 0.192 in. (4. 9 mm ) diameter . Room 28.4 0.7 172 166.2 163.7 161.0 158 Tested in a 100 ft. ( 30.5 m) length.
195.8 1185.9 1146 1129 1110 1089
Cold drawn to 90% of the tensile
Room 0.6 155 152.5 150.4 148.2 146.2 Results were scaled from a plot.
strength.
1068.7 1051 1037 1022 1008
Carbon Steels
a
Proportional limit,
1E
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
CO M
MN/m2
0)
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO*
MN/m2
3 u > E c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
deg F
CD
degC
C
o (5
ksi
3
>ô
ksi
!jo * z
Si
03 J o 2 &
c
ca Total Sol. o
ri
Al
0}
5 Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Cu N N P S CC
o
UJ
59 30 0.80 0.76 0.19 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.012 0.0050 0.0045 0.008 0.016 Room 282.6 263.4 a
6.3 o
1949 1816
>
8
o
Tf
60 A 0.80 0.70 Room 260 2.2 CQ
1793
M
co
co

W
M
f
61 A 0.80 0.60 0.20 Room 249 203 4.5 37
1717 1400
>
62 30 0.81 0.73 0.23 <0.01 0.0050 Room 236.4 207.2 b
5.
1630 1429
63 30 0.82 0.79 0.20 0.055 0.0032 Room 235.4 205.5 *6. 5S

1623. 1417.
W
64 30 0.84 0.75 0.24 0.012 0.0048 Room 242.1 211.4 b
5.
1669. 1457. o
>
r
65 30 0.84 0.77 0.22 0.029 0.0058 Room 242.1 213.8 ">4. r
1669. 1475. o
K!
CQ
Elongation in 100 mm ( 4 in.). "Elongation in 200 mm ( 8 in.).
IE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation.
Q>"
sto
n
3
3 N Initial
Residual stress.
Final
w
o
3 form and size, history of material. ksi CO
C CJ O Q- t
MN/m2 >
.Is
3
S -5
E -a S strain. stress. stress. time.
3 Heat treatment g
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
CO
M
sco CO M to JO
Q 1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
59 30 Quenched in lead at 540C (1004 F); 68 236.5 218 Results were scaled from a plot.
Reduced from 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) to 20 1631 1503
4.22 mm ( 0.165 in.) wire, using a 68 210.2 201
continuous drawing machine. 20 1449 1383
Stress relieved 30-45 sec. in salt
bath at 325C (617F). 68 184.0 180
20 1269 1243
60 A Wire 0. 192 in. (4.9 mm) diameter. Room 175 165.2 163.4 500
Heated in a muffle at about 1800 F 1206.6 1139. 1127.
( 982 C ); quenched in lead at about Room 0.5 141 136 135.5
1000 F (53 8 C ); cold drawn. 972.2 938 934 o
61 A Wire 0.192 in. (4.9 mm) diameter. Room 29.9 0.7 194.8 174 168
Heated in a muffle at about 1800 F 206.2 1343.1 1200 1158
as
( 982 C ); quenched in lead at about 179.8
Room 0.6 167 164.5 500
1000 F ( 538 C ); cold drawn; 1239.7
i-3
1151 1134 M
immersed in lead at about 800 F M
(427 C) for 10 sec. f
CO
62 30 68 149.35 147.3 146.3

20 1029.7 1016 1009
63 30 68 149.35 144.5
20 1029.7 996.
64 30 68 149.35 146.5 145.2

20 1029.7 1010 1001
65 30 68 149.35 143.9 141.4

20 1029.7 992. 975.
Carbon Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o *= - E S .. E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

o <*> "^
oa ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
66 0.89 0.73 0.22 Room 216 4.7 29 O
1489
>
3
o
67 44 "0.95 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.030 0.020 CO
to to to max. max. max. max. H
1.04 0.20 0.30 W
H
CO
CO

W
M1
t-
>
o
2
>
>
tr*
s
CO
Nominal composition.
Residual stress,
o 2..E
E Eio ^ MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
66 A Wire 0.192 in.(4.9 mm) diameter. Room 31.2 0.5 154.2 151.8 150.6
Heated in a muffle at about 1800 F 215.1 1063.2 1047 1038
(982 C ); quenched in lead at about
1000 F( 538 C); cold drawn;
immersed in lead at about 800 F
(427 C), for 10 sec.
67 44 Soviet steel U10A. Room 227.6 214 210.5 207 46500 Zubov method for strip in bending.
Strip 0.32 mm (0.013 in.) thick x 1569 1473 1451 1426 Results were scaled from a plot.
6.75 mm (0.266 in.) wide.
900 C (1652 F), water quenched;
tempered in a lead bath at 340-
350C (644-662 F), with the strip
moved at a rate of 3 m/ min. (9. 8
ft. /min.).
m
H
M
M
f
Carbon Steels 0.1 to 0.2% Total Strain

15 17 IS 34 4 10 4 10 10 29 7 IS 4 15 23 33 10 23 10 10 29
24 24 17 23 4 10 4 22 22 17 24
17
24
34
4 4 4 4 9 19
o
24
14
22
22
23
11
23
22
23
26
29
9
33 4
24
23
4
10
4
23
4
29
o
33 24
30-14
22 24 22 9 33 14 22 13 24 9
29
19-22
8 S
22 22 11-22 22 11 11 22
20 33 22
17 13 11 29-1' 9 22 22 22-13
9
12
13 14
14 29-17
19 3-19
11
9 13
22
9-26 11-17
29 8-19
>
X
13-9-1 30-8
9
21
17-30 26
29 21
8 33 21 19-30 30
8
8
8
17
8
29
17
22 22
1-17-19 21 8S5
19-30-
14 'l4-30 30
8 12-19 8
21
14-8
21
O
8 9
12 21 33 "j
9 33 12 co
W
1 Hour 10or 12 Hours
CO
CO
W
W
20
>
o
z
S
>
O
3 o
T3
"3!
0
8
8
TJ
3
'trt
s
at -8-o 0
0

^ Annealed
Normalized >
Q .T
Hot Rolled o
v As Cast CO
550 600t 400 450 500 550

1000 600 800 1000 1200 F
Temperature Temperature
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
45 15 24 24 34 24 11-13 24 10 8 45 24 24 15 34 24 24 46 38 18
24 15 15 14 35 13 10 8 9 46 15 15 24 35 45 37
35 9 9 9 9 35
8 8 8 20
20
26 37
37
38
1000 Hours
72 or 100 Hours 10,000 Hours
16 16 16
E n
100 100 100 ^ >
Z w
5
a
S o
i/> 12 12 12 uT z
V
8 8
0) 3M
o
0
M
O C
3
A
o V 0 en
8 A 8 3
"3! -50 so so :s
0 0 4/1
0)
A
ec
V
o
4 4
V
o 8 k o
o 0
O o
o
o
a
, 1 ' l ? * o 0 0 0 1 '
500 400 500C 400 500 C
800 1,000 1200 F 800 1,000 F 800 1,000 F
Temperature Temperature Temperature
Carbon Steels

2
25 23 2 25 25 25
O
25 25 25 2 25 25 25 O
2
25 2 25 25 25
25 JS 2 25
25 2 25
25
25
2
25
25 " >
25
25
25
s
25
o
*l
CO
H
JO
M
CO
CO
i
JO
M1
40 c-
0 >
i a D

o
z
S
-x 30
H
VI
O >
w
tfl
o
"5 3
3 8 o
8 8
!9 20
*n %
0
at
e
a
10
>
f
68 F ( 20 C) 212 "F 100 C)
o
392 F f200C) 572 F (300 C) !
CO
0
3 0
Initial strain,%
2 2 25 '5 I5. 4747 47 47 2 2 25
2 2 25 24 24 47 47 ,7 2 2 25
2
2 2 25 24 15 * "
24> 25
' 2^"
'520' 5 ""
"%?;><
\% 20

1112F ( 600 C )
-300 -150 -150
20 20 20
O
z >
S
3 1
Q
30 IS 15
200 '5 -100 -100 en
O E B
3 # M
TJ a o M
3
o a
-o tr1
03
o
Bo o
20 10 10 10 a
a a
1 o

-100 50 50
a*

10 5 5 5 o 1 h
10 h
842 -851F 932 F o o
100 h
752F ( 400 C ) a c 1000 h
I (450 -455 C) 500 C )
10,000 h
o 0 o 0 o 0
2 0
Initial strain, %
Carbon Steels C 0.6% min. Cold drawn or Quenched tempered
Material numbers corresponding to points below o

o
SO 48 55 49 52 58 54 54 54 SO 49 62 66 51 60 53 61 S
50 52
52
63
64 58
4, 49
48
52
52
50 *> 55-49
60 64 SB
52
52
58 61 52
52
2t-1
52 56 52 52 56 48 52 52 >
52 65 63 52 52 ** 65 S2 H
)I
S2 O
2
O
*1
/ S3
220 w
w
CO
CO
I
/ to
s 0 1400 M
200
>
z
S o
/ 0 2
0
0 0 1200 0
0 >
/ 0 D o
= 160 3
D TJ W
0 a W
/ 2
a
/ 0
-1000 22
140 / a w
0
Temperature w
%
22
O
a o 68 F (20 C)
/
212 F (100 C)
>
120 . 302 FI150 C)
0
t-1
s
0 800 392 FI200 C)
10 H<>urs 0

100 Hours
CO
100 1
120 140 160 180 200 220 140 160 180 200 220
Initial stress, Icsi Initial stress, ksi
Carbon-Molybdenum Steels
(Including copper-molybdenum grades)
For the data compiled, relaxation strength increased roughly in direct proportion to molybdenum
content, at least up to a level of the order of 0. 5% Mo. Variation in carbon content, heat-treatment
conditions, or initial stress level appeared to have less influence on relaxation.
Separate data tabulations for the normalized + tempered and the quenched + tempered conditions
have been arranged in order of increasing molybdenum content.
The following correlations are shown graphically:
Residual stress versus initial stress, for selected temperatures:

Steels with 0. 2 to 0.36% Mo. Page 88
Steels with 0. 42% min. Mo. Page 89
Variation of residual stress with molybdenum content. Page 90
Short-time relaxation as a function of temperature. Page 91
Curves drawn on these plots are intended merely to identify related data points, and do not neces-
sarily represent average properties.
Results have not been plotted for relaxation of torsion stress ( Matl. No. 4), or for one test with
0.4% strain ( Matl. No. 25 ).
77
Carbon-Molybdenum Steels Normalized-)-Tempered
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
106 psi
CO
U
C
>-
deg F
degC
SI Heat treatment 'o
0)
% 1 100
to
ca CO
ksi 10 1000 10,000 ksi h _co
2 Q
o
1 10 Experimental heat. 932 11.6 8.7 6.8 5.2 1600 Data of V. Z. Tseitlin, Ref. 148 o
Normalized 1650 F (900 C ) 500 80. 60. 47. 36. in [10]. Ring specimens. Data
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ) were scaled from a small plot. H-t
>
2 H 1562 F ( 850 C ), 8 h, Air cooled; 900 27.9 0.2 37.0 17.4 12.0 (8.4) 3000
1202 F ( 650 C ), 4 h, Furnace 482 192.4 255.1 120.0 82.7 (57.9) 553
cooled.
O
3 10 Experimental heat 932 14.5 11.0 9.15 8.7 1600 Data of V. Z. Tseitlin, Ref. 148
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ); 500 100. 76. 63. 60. in [10]. Ring specimens. Data
S3
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). were scaled from a small plot. M
w
b c ty>
i
4 54 German boiler steel 15Mo3 932 26.7 11.5 9.1 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical S3
500 184. 79. 63. specimens 10 mm (0.4 in.) dia. M
x 340 mm ( 13. 4 in.) long gage f
"As received" ( Heat treated )
932 26.7 8.1 6.4
>
section.
500 184. 56. 44.
932 26.7 8.0 6.3 O

500 184. 55. 55
43.
Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm v-3

842 23.0 9.7 8.0 >
450 158.4 67. 55. ( 0. 55 in. ) O. D. x 2 mm ( 0. 08 in,
wall thickness
932 23.0 8.3 6.8
Torsion 500 158.4 57. 47.
932 18.35 7.6 6.3
500 126.5 52.5 43.
M
10.1
i
932 5.0 4.1 S3
500 69.6 34. 28.
1022 23.0 7.4 5.1 >
550 158.4 51. 35. c
r
1112 23.0 5.3 2.8 o
K!
600 158.4 36. 20.
1202 23.0 3.0 0.7
650 158.4 21. 5.
b
"initial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. Torsion stress on reaching test temperature.
'Residual stress ten hours after reaching test temperature.
>._ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
SI
to s
re
Q Mn IMi Mo Al
10 0.13 0.2
0.44 0.81 0.23 0.25 Room 83.9 57.7 26. 49.2 0. 01%/1000 h creep strength 11. 7 ksi
578.5 397.8 (80.7 MN/ m2).
Charpy impact 13 ft. lb.
10 0.13 0.3
TTT4"
>

a
54 0.15 0.62 0.30 0.09 0.35 <0. 01 0.012 0.014 Room 70.8 45.2 33.5 63.7 o
21I
488. 312.
g
*!
a
a
M
H
W
M
f
CO
Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Normalized + Tempered
1E
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Residual stress, o
3 Initial Final
form and size, history of material. TJ ~
o ao-.=c ksi
3 a)
C u
deg F
degC
3 Eo z strain, stress, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment time, u
(0
to
J2 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h to
5 a UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
o
5 4 BS1501-240. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 19.7 15.7 12.8 12 Relaxation data were scaled from o
1. 0 inch (25 mm) thick plate. 550 136. 108. 88. a plot of residual stress versus
1067 0.15 19.7 13.5 10.0 12 time. r
Normalized 1680 F ( 915 C );
575 136. 93. 69.
>
Tempered 1160 F ( 625 C ).
1112 0.15 18.0 8.7 6.2 12
3
600 124. 60. 43. o
*l
1157 0.15 15.2 5.5 3.8 12 CO
625 105. 38. 26. S3

M
co
6 4 BS 1501-240. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 21.9 18.3 16.0 12 Relaxation data were scaled from CO
i
1.68 in. (42.7 mm) thick plate. 550 151. 126. 110. a plot of residual stress versus
time. a
1067 0.15 21.5 17.1 13.9 12 F
Normalized 1680 F ( 915 C );
Tempered 1160 F ( 625 C ). 575 148. 118. 96.
1112 0.15 20.6 13.2 9.9 12
600 142. 91. 68. s
1157 0.15 18.4 9.1 4.8 12
625 127. 63. 33.
>
7 N 1650 F ( 900 C ), 1-2/3 h, A. C. ; 1000 19.4 20.0 9.25 4.3 (2.0) 2376
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, Air cooled. 538 133.8 137.9 63.8 29.6 !13.8)
850 21.6 25.0 16.8 14.0 (11.5) 1320
454 148.9 172.4 116. 96.5 (79. )
Same specimen as above, reloaded: 850 21.6 35.0 23.0 18.4 (15.5) 1465 M
454 148.9 241.3 159. 127. (107 )
8 10 Experimental heat. 932 21.75 15.2 12.2 11.2 1600 Data of V. Z. Tseitlin, Ref. 148
o
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ); 500 150. 105. 84. 77.
>
in [10]. Ring specimens. Data F
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). were scaled from a small plot. F
o
9 H 1742 F (950 C), 4 h, Air cooled; 900 25.4 0.2 45.0 38. 32. (23.) 2740 CO
1112 F (600 C), 2 h, Air cooled; 482 174. 310.3 262. 221. (159)
1022 F ( 550C), 2h, Furnace cooled.
10 H 1650F (900C), 2 h, Air cooled; 1000 20.8 0.2 34.0 19. 7.3 2247
1110 F (600 C), 2 h, Air cooled. 538 143. 234.2 131. 50.
Chemical composition, % by wt. C/3 M
.- E .- E >._ E
E . O v> "^-
a "o -a
o 2 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
0.12 0.58 0.24 0.11 0.09 0.41 0.01 0.09 0.010 0.012 0.022 Room 65.0 38.3
448. 264.
Nb
0.001
>
0. 16 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.10 0.53 0.01 0.14 0. 016 0.021 0.026 Room 67.4 40.3
465. 278. W
O
Nb 3
0.001
o
F
K!
CO
O
H
0.16 0.63 0.24 0.53 Room 67.5 40.0 50.0 40. 75. Rockwell hardness B76. 4.
CO
465. 276 345. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001%/h: M

H
1000F(538C): 4.5ksi (31 MN/ ml)
850 F (454 C ): 14. 7 ksi (101 MN/ m2 ). CO
10 0.13 0.64
0.14
0.48 1.23 0.26 0.04 0.65 Room 127.1 61.1 22 57 Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24.4 joules ).
876.3 559. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001%/h
at 900F(482C):29ksi(200MN/m2).
10 0. 51 0.39 0.50 0.67 Room 124.9 85.4 21 53 Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. ( 24. 4 joules ).
861.2 588. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001%/h
at lUU0F(b3H(J): 1.8ksi(12.4 MN/ m2 )
Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Normalized
Residual stress,
form and size, history of material. T3 g C ksi
Ee Z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment 2 ^ *o o 2 O strain,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/nV h h h h MN/m:
O
11 52 Molybdenum flange steel. 1067 20.16 16.2 14.3 Data were scaled from a plot of O
575 139.0 112. 99. 68. log stress versus log time.
1067 13.44 11.2 9.0 5.6 F
575 92.7 77. 62. 39. >
12 121 Aluminum grain-refined steel of 977 0.15 16.6 11.4 12
52
boiler quality. 525 114.5 78.6 O
*i
1. 5 in. (38 mm ) thick plate. 1022 0.15 12.0 6.9 12 CO
550 82.7 H
47.6 SI
M
Normalized 1615 to 1690 F ( 880 1067 0.15 7.9 4.0 12 m
1
to 920 C ). 575 54.5 27.6
I
JO
m1
1112 0.15 5.7 2.8 12 r
600 39.3 19.3
>
>
w
M
2!
O
>1
r
F
o
!
CO
Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. JH-U b - E

= N
>._ E
aj a> -* z
s 3 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu
11 52
Cu-Mo 12 121 0.12 1.05 0.09 0.12 0.25 0.4 0.05 0.05
0.15 1.20 0.12 max. 0.35 0.5 max. max.
o
>
ft)
a
o
o1
r-
tfl
a
M
M
Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Quenched Tempered
temperature,
Residual stress, o
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3
Initial Final
E
i
-3 u
3 CD
U
form and size, history of material. 1? S. E ksi to
C
deg F
degC
E^ z strain. stress. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
time.
3
8 Heat treatment
TO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
CO
(0 to
2 Q 1- LLI
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 111
o
13 H 1473 F ( 800 C ), Oil quenched; 750 25.4 0.2 45.0 36. 27.5 (18.5) 2185 o
1202 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, Furnace 399 175.1 310.3 248. 190. (128)
cooled.
850 23.4 0.2 40.0 18.5 12.0 ( 7.7) 2066 r
454 161.3 275.8 128. 83. (53. ) >
ii
1607 F (875 C), 4 h, Water quenched} 850

o
14 H 23.0 0.2 42.0 25.5 19. (14.1) 3105
977 F (525 C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 158.6 289.6 176. 131. (97. ) o
CO
15 H 1562F(850C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 23.2 0.2 45.0 25. 19. (14.2) 2014
1022 F(550C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 160.0 310.3 172. 131. (98. ) W
M
at
<z>
16 H 1562F(850C), 8h, Water quenched; 900 31.9 0.2 37.0 18.5 13. ( 8.6) 3000 i
1202F(650C), 2h, Furnace cooled. 482 219.9

255.1 128. 90. (59. ) n
c
1000 21.7 0.2 27.0 7.0 3.7 (1.68) 3000 >
538 149.6 186.2 48.3 25.5 (11.6)
17 H 1562 F (850 C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 24.6 0.2 46.0 27. 21. (15.5) 3105 O
1022 F (550C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 169.6 317.2 186. 145. (107 )
18 H 1653 F(900C), 8h, Oil quenched; 850 24.6 0.2 46.0 32. 24. (18.7) 3046 >
1022 F (550C), 6h, Air cooled. 454 169.6 317.2 221. 165.5 (129.)
19 H 1562 F (850 C), 4h, Water quenched; 750 25.0 0.2 45.0 39. 33. (24.5) 2185
1202 F (650 C), 6h, Air cooled. 399 172.4 310.3 269. 227.5 (169.)
20 H 1562 F (850 C), 4h, Water quenched; 850 24.2 0.2 43.0 27. 21.5 (17.0) 3104 M
1022F(550C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 166.8 296.5 186. 148. (117.)
21 H 1562F(850C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 26.4 0.2 47.0 30. 23.5 (18.0) 2014 >
r1
1112 F (600 C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 182.0 324.0 207. 162. (124.) r
o
tn
22 H 1562 F(850C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 24.1 0.2 45.0 34. 30. (25. 5) 2014
977 F (525 C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 186.2 310.3 234. 207. (176.)
a
1E E
(0
5O) 1 ^9
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o </) CM CO*

C
3
S ._ E > E
0
CO
cs
!s 8 E
Oj "O -c
2
fc * z
R) *o
c O
a o c 6
2
CO
C Mn Cr p
A
o o CD
Q Si Ni Mo V S CU
c-
c-
LU
13 H 0.64 0.79 0.28 0.20 Room 128.9 88.9 21 54

Charpy Impact 34;40 ft. lb. (40;54 joules).
888.7 612.9
Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
Room 119.2 95.9 22 53 750F(399C): 24.0ksi(165. 5 MN/mJ )
821.9 661.2 850F(454C): 11.0ksi(75. 8 MN/mJ).
14 H 0.24 0.86 0.26 0.15 0.10 0.25 0.017 0.029 Room 109.9 91.4 25 69 Charpy impact 57 ft. lb. (77 joules).
757.7 630.2 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C): 18. 6ksi (128.2 MN/m2).
15 H 0.44 0.81 0.23 0.25 0.021 0.039 Room 128.9 89.0 17 58 Charpy impact 26 ft. lb. (35 joules ). o
850 F (454 C): 17. 8ksi(123 MN/m2). a
16 H 0.44 0.81 0.23 0.25 0.021 0.039 Room 105.7 71.9 25 66 Charpy impact 43 ft. lb. (58 joules). o
900F(482C): 12.2ksl(84.1 MN/m2 )
1000F(538C): 3.0ksi (20.7 MN/m2). o
r
!
a
17 H 0.40 0.90 0.27 0.28 Room 135.0 100.4 21 60
o
Charpy impact 41 ft. lb. ( 56 joules ). M
850 F(454 C): 20. 0ksi(138 MN/m2).
18 H 0.47 1. 55 0.25 0.32 0.019 0.033 Room 130.9 83.2 19 55 Charpy impact 26 ft. lb. (35 joules ). w
902.5 573.6 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: H
M
850F(454C):23.5ksi (162 MN/m2). M
19 H 0.47 1.55 0.25 0.32 0.019 0.033 Room 120.4 100.4 22 64 Charpy impact 47 ft. lb. (64 joules ). IT1
CO
750F(399C):31ksi (214 MN/m2).
20 H 0.36 0.58 0.24 0.34 Room 122.7 87.7 17 55 Charpy impact 33 ft. lb. (45 joules ).
846. 605. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C): 21 ksi (145 MN/m2).
850F(454C): 22 ksi (152 MN/m2 ).
850 F (454 C): 29. 6 ksi (204 MN/m2).
Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Quenched + Tempered
Residual stress,
o S..E
c w o strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment v -a -a
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/nv
O
23 1562 F (850C), 4 h, Oil quenched; 850 23.6 0.2 45.0 37. 32. (27.2) 2014 O
1112 F (600C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 162.7 310.3 255. 221. (187.)
>
24 1607 F (875 C), 4h, Water quenched; 850 29.1 0.2 50.0 37. 32. (26.0) 2682
977 F (525 C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 200.6 344.7 255. 214. (179.) S
O
25 2 in. x 1 in. ( 50 mm x 25 mm ) 1112 0.4 29.6 16.6 Specimen gage section 0.19 in. CO
rectangular bar. 600 204. 114. (4. 8 mm) diameter x 3. 0 in. (76. 2
mm) long. M
1610 to 1650 F (875 to 900C), Oil 1112 0.2 20.6 13.0 co
CO
quenched ; 600 142. 89.6 Results for 1 h have been scaled

I
S)
1065 to 1155 F (575 to625C), 0.1 from a plot. M
1112 10.8 9.0 f
1 to 2 h. 600 74. 61.8 >
26 1654 F (900C), 2 h, Oil quenched; 850 30.2 0.2 50.0 40. 32.5 (26.2) 2682
1202 F (650C), 2h, Air cooled. 454 208.2 344.7 276. 224. (181.) sas
W
W
2!
O
>
t-1
o
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o t> - E
= N
>.__E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
en o>
i* 01 -* Z ~ -* Z
=5 S O S
Mn Cr Ni Mo
23 0.53 0.41 0.24 0.51 Room 135.9 86.4 19 50 Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 joules ).
850F(454C):31.4ksi (216.5 MN/m* )
24 0.24 0.66 0.32 0.53 Room 145.4 105.7 18 55 Charpy impact 40 ft. lb. (54 joules).
1002. 728.8 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F(454C):31.0ksi(214 MN/mJ).
25 0.30 0.65 0.21 0.12 0.56 0.01 0.03 68 119.6 "94.1 25 62

0.27 0.61 0.17 0.59 0.03 0.03 20 824.7 649. O
>
s
26 0.43 0.31 0.27 2.16 0.013 0.102 Room 121.9 96.9 21 54 Charpy impact 19 ft. lb. (26 joules ). to
840.5 668. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: o
M
850F(454C):30.8ksi (212 MN/m2 ).
>-3
M
M
I-1
en
'0.1% proof stress.
C- Mo steels
0.2 to 0.36 % Molybdenum [Solid points: Quenched + Tempered ; Open points: Normalized + Tempered]
O
o
t)
>
8
o
co
H
50
W
co
CO
I
50
M
f
>
O
55
H
>
50
W
M
50
I>
f
f
O
K!
co
Initial stress, ksi
C- Mo steel
0-42% min. Molybdenum
o
o
2!
I
f
ffl
o
P3
-200 Z
SI
M
M
f
o TO
o
TJ
- 100
30 40
Initial stress, ksi
C -Mo Steels (0.2% strain)
Material Numbers Corresponding to Poi nts Below o

o
13 14 1718 21 22 23 26 2 3 9
13 15 ,8" 22 *4 26 2
3 '
t-H
13 17 , 22 26 2 9
,4
-'?7'82. 23 8
15-74 20 24 8 S
O
*i
CO
H
JO
H
CO
10
' co

- ""
, -' """
-*" o
oo H
y ' >
s
2.16 % Mo /
//
' s
-* >-3
o
/
/
/
30
/ // S
5!
/ / /
-200 E
1 900 F
o o /
A '
A-^ (482C) z
A / S
8'
/ ./ / '
/
o
/ / / ' /
/ SO
T3
1
' .' / /

20
'e 7 A
/A s
/ //
/ A o'
// /
/ A
-932F -100
- M

/ / ' (500C)
y *' J~!-^ N
10 ^'^- >
f
A
850 F (454 C) O
0
100K !
Q+ r N+T l,000h
co
A 10,000 h
n
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Mo, % Mo,%
C"Mo Steels (0.15% strain)
*0.2% strain
20
O
>
16
\ o
\
\ - 100
o
\ r
\
w
S 12 <- a
H
\ \ *0.1% strain \
0
a CO
ce. H
\ '31 M
O H
50 f
03
Code Matl. Mo, % H.T.

\
\A 0 5 0.41 N+T
v A 6 0,53 N+T
A 12 0.3 N+T
lh 12 h 25 0.58 Q+T
j_ I
500 550 600 650 C 500 550 600 650C

1,000 1,100 1,200 F 1,000 1,100 1,200 F
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
Data for all conditions of heat treatment have been tabulated together, arranged in order of increasing
molybdenum content.
All tests with reported strains between 0.14 and 0. 21% are shown on pages 130 and 131, as residual
stress versus test temperature for selected durations of relaxation. Only a moderate difference in relax-
ation behavior is seen between the quenched + tempered and normalized + tempered specimens. Where the
test materials covered a range of molybdenum content ( i. e., for 800 to 900 F on page 131 ), specimens
containing 0. 5 to 1.15% Mo displayed appreciably higher average residual stress than did specimens with
0.12 to 0.3% Mo. A plot on page 132 of the 1000-hour residual stress versus initial stress for the 850 F
( 454 C ) test temperature confirms the larger effect of molybdenum content than of heat treatment for the
data compiled.
The remaining figures are limited to steels with 0.45% minimum molybdenum content. For ranges of
test temperature of 842-850 F and 896-905 F (450-454 C and 480-485 C ), most tests involved the quenched
+ tempered condition, shown on page 133 by solid symbols. The few available results for the normalized +
tempered condition have been included ( open symbols ), but were not considered when curves were drawn
to show the approximate trends for the drop in residual stress for each 10-fold increase in relaxation time
from 1 to 10,000 h.
For test-temperature ranges of 925-950 F and 1000-1022 F ( 496-510 C and 538-550 C ), relaxation-
test results for the quenched + tempered and the normalized + tempered conditions are shown separately
on facing pages 134 and 135.
Limited results for 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel (p. 136) display the typical pattern of higher residual stress
for higher initial strain, and at lower test temperatures.
Results for these singular test conditions or materials have not been shown graphically:
Material numbers
Bolt tests ( including bolts of 1 Cr steel: Material No. 1) 1, 21
Torsion or torsion plus tension 26, 30, 46, 60
Tests below 800 F ( 427 C ) 1, 3, 13-17, 21, 51, 56, 57
Specimens re-loaded after a prior relaxation 4, 11, 13, 39, 59, 66.
Specimens cold worked 8 to 39% 32-34
Tests in environment of moist hydrogen sulfide 17
Tests of materials after service use 48, 49
Silicon or niobium modifications 29, 40
Specimens with heat treatment not stated 56, 60
93
Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO M

is .- >.. E
a * Z
5 S
z
fc *
2 S
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
119
1 Cr 0.32 0.70 0.23 0.91 0.06 0.06 (Bolt) 0.011 0.029 Room 154.3 145. O
1064. 1000.
Steel
0.34 0.52 0.22 0.05 0.02 Trac ; 0.014 0.018
482 162.1 148. r
(Nut)
250 1118. 1020. >
572 152.9 136.5 B
300 1054. 941.5
o
662 143.7 125.
350 990.5 863. en
H
752 127.3 113.
to
M
400 877.7 780. CO
GO
I
842 110.2 102.5 W
H
450 760.0 706. r
52
a
>
c
r
o
K!
CO
1
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 Residual stress, 5
Initial Final u
E
3 u form and size, history of material. 1 S. E ksi n
C
>-
deg F
degC
*5 3 MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a Heat treatment strain, stress, time,
m
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s Q
m
UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JS
UJ
1 19 M12 bolts, per DIN 931 and 934. 482 88.2 78.5 Bolt tests. Nut height 0. 8 d.
250 608. 541. Test length 105 mm (4.13 in. ).
Bolt steel: Designation 34 Cr 4, per 482 62.6 54.
Bolt DIN 17006. Strength level 10K, per 250 431.5 373. Results have been scaled from
Tests DIN 267. a plot.
482 37.0 34.
Nut steel: Designation Cq45, per 250 255.0 235.
DIN 17006. Strength level 8 G, per 572 84.6 68.
DIN 267. 300 583.5 471. o
a
572 60.4 50. so
300 416.8 343.
o
572 36.3 30. a
300 250.1 206.
662
350
88.2
608.
48.
333.
t-
1
662 88.2 40.5 W

O
350 608. 279.5 a
662 88.2 38.5
350 608. 265.
CO
662 82.5 45.
350 568.8 312. w
M
662 82.5 39.5 F
350 568.8 274.
662 70.4 40.
350 485.4 275.
662 0.296 58.7 34.
350 405.0 234.
662 46.9 26.
350 323.6 181.
752 98.1 16.6
400 676.7 114.7
752 88.2 16.5
400 608.0 113.8
( Continued on next page.)
i >

1 - E >._ E
aj a)
<o ^ -a
* Z
s
-* z
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
19 O
O
i<
f
>
II
O
25
O
*i
CQ

M
CO
co

0.38 0.87 0.27 0.99 0.11 0.018 0.020 Room 132.3 50. 102. 16 49 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: M
f
912.2 345. 703. 800F(427C): 21. 0 ksi (145 MN/m2). >
>
W
M
o
0.40 0.83 0.23 1.09 0.12 Room 138.5 90. 125. 20 61 Vickers hardness 323.
954.9 620.5 862.
Room 151.5 137. 19 60 Vickers hardness 320.
1045. 945.
Cu >
0.41 0.85 0.29 1.10 0.07 0.12 0.05 Room 130.5 107.5 111. 23 62 Vickers hardness 285. r
899.8 741. 765. o
CO
isE
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
3
106psi
CO
C U
>
deg F
degC
Is 8 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress. time,
0) to
to to % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JO
2 Q
1 19 ( Continuation from last page.) 752 69.0 14.5

400 475.6 100.0
752 0.250 47.8 13.2
400 329.5 91.2
752 19.9 4.1
400 137.3 28.4
842 64.0 7.1
450 441.3 49.0 o
842 39.1 5.5
450 269.7 38.2
2 E 1600 F( 871 C), oil quenched; 800 25.0 0.43 60.0 40. 32.
1100 F( 593 C), air cooled. 427 172.4 413.7 276. 221.
o
900 22.6 0.4 60.0 24. 16. r
482 155.8 413.7 165. 110. S3
1000 0.23 40.0 20.5 15.
a
538 275.8 141. 103.
1000 0.28 40.0 14.75 10.5
538 275.8 101.7 72.4
1000 0.23 40.0 13.5 9.5 M
M
538 275.8 93.1 65.5 f
CO
3 F 1 inch ( 25 mm ) diameter, hot 750 24. 0.12 30.0 26.4 24.0 (20. 0 1680 5.9
rolled. 399 165.5 206.8 182. 165.5 (138.)
Oil quenched + tempered.
4 F 1 inch ( 25 mm) dia., hot rolled. 850 23. 0.13 30.0 20.5 15. (7.4) 2400 5.5
1550 F( 843 C), oil quenched; 454 158.6 206.8 141. 103.4 (51.)
Tempered 1050 F (566 C ).
Same specimen, reloaded. 850 23. 0.2 46.0 30.2 20.2 (9.0) 4680 5.3
454 158.6 317.2 208. 139.3 (62.)
a
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
& 5?
E e/j
Chemical composition, % by wt. co"
MN/m2
u
0)
MN/m2
>._ E c a)
deg F
degC
C
o
ksi
ksi
3 CO
.Is a S
TO
CO 2 CO
O)
6
s
C
CO
C Cr P o
Q Mn Si Ni Mo V S UJ
5 E 0.41 0.85 0.32 0.88 0.16 0.015 0.010 o

o
f
>
S
a
o
%
w
6 H 0.42 0.78 0.23 0.89 0.18 Room 116.9 82.9 22 62 Charp impact 49 ft. lb. (66. 5 joules). w
K)
806.0 572. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: CO
I
800F(427C): 26. 7 ksi (185.5 MN/m' ). W
850F(454C): 19. 9 ksi (137.2 MN/m').
7 H 0.42 0.78 0.23 0.89 0.18 Room 107.4 71.9

740.5 496.
24 55 Charpy impact 35 ft. lb. (47. 5 joules).
850F(454C):25.3ksi(174.4 MN/m' ).
I
%
20.8 143.4
24.3 167.5 >
900F(482C):15. 5ksi(106. 9 MN/m').
W
a
8 0 0.40 0.70 0.21 0.97 0.15 0.19 0.016 0.022 Room 131.0 105. 22 54 Brinell hardness 269.
903. 724. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: w
900 F (482 C ): 9. 5 ksi (65. 5 MN/m' ).
9 W 0.35 0.68 0.21 1.00 0.19 0.018 0.030 Room 138.3 128.5 26 62 Brinell hardness 255/321.
953.5 886.
>
f
10 P 0.31 0.54 0.25 1.05 0.20 Room 136.5 120. 20 64 Brinell hardness 285. s
CO
941. 827.
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
ji
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
u
C >
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!s strain, stress, time,
SI Heat treatment
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 h
Q)
ksi m
2
CO
a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
5 E 1550 F( 843 C), oil quenched; 800 25.3 0.43 60.0 40.0 32.0
1100 F( 593 C), air cooled. 427 174.4 413.7 276. 220.5
900 0.43 60.0 24.0 16.0
482 413.7 165.5 110.3
1000 0.27 40.0 11.8 7.6
538 275.8 81.4 52.4
1000 0.23 40.0 10.25 6.5
o
538 275.8 70.7 44.8 a
SJ
6 H 1652 F(900C), 8h, oil quenched; 800 27.2 0.2 45.0 34.0 28.0 (22.0) 2185 o
1157F(625C), 4h, air cooled. 427 187.5 310.3 234. 193. (152.) c)
850 26.2 0.2 46.0 28.0 21.0 (15.8) 3045 I
454 180.6 317.2 193. 144.8 (109.)
o
F
7 H 3-3/4 in. ( 95 mm) diameter. 850 24.9 0.2 46.0 33.0 26.0 (21.5) 3046 K!
317.2 227.5 179. (148.) w
454 171.7 a
1742F(950C), 6 h, air cooled;
850 26.2 0.2 21.2 (15.8) 3046
a
1112F(600C), 4h, air cooled. 180.6 146. (109.)
454
850 24.6 0.2 25.9 (20.0) 3046 CO
454 169.6 178.6 (138.) M

H
900 23.5 0.2 34.0 24.0 17.0 3983 f
482 162.0 234.4 165.5 117.2
8 O 1550 F (843 C ), oil quenched; 900 25.3 0.16 37.69 9.39 4.0
1100 F( 593 C), tempered. 482 174.4 259.9 64.7 27.6
g W 1. 25 in. (32 mm ) diameter. 850 29.6 18.5 12.3 ( 9.1 9.3 846 Initial strain corresponded to a
454 204.1 127.6 84.8 (62.7; 64.1 45 ksi ( 310. 3 MN/ m2 ) stress at
room temperature.
10 P 1. 25 in. ( 32 mm) diameter. 850 33.0 12.6 ( 8.3 850
454 227.5 86.9 (57.2)
As received.
850 22.0 10.45 6.6 1000
454 151.7 72.0 45.5
a
3E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
3?
U Chemical composition, % by wt. ui Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
3
MN/m2
>._ E c
deg F
degC
C
ksi
3
ksi
0
."2 S K * E
2 "S
O CO
2 CO
U>
s
C D
(0 CO 03
0 C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S
O
oo
UJ
11 F "0.38 0.75 0.20 0.80 0.15 0.04 0.04

0.48 1.00 0.35 1.10 0.25 max. max. Class "C" mechanical properties.
r
11
Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: >
850 F(454C): 13.0 ksi (89.6 MN/m2).
8
2!
O
*J
12 24 ' '0.25 0.40 0.17 0.80 0.40 0.15 0.035 0.030 CO
H
0.30 0.70 0.37 1.10 0.25 max. max. SJ
M

TO
I

IS
>
>
Ml
o
w
13 U ' 0.37 0.65 0.2 0.75 0.15 Room 140. 50
0.44 1.10 0.35 1.20 0.25 965.
>
f
r
o
CO
14 V
"Nominal composition.
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C O
>
deg F
degC
*2 3 MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, '5
a) re ksi 1
en re % 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
n F ASTMA193, Grade B 7. 1 in. (25 850 22.0 30.0 13.2 (10.0) 1920
mm) diameter. 454 151.7 206.8 91.0 (68.9)
1550 F( 843 C), oil quenched;
1100 F( 593 C), tempered.
Same specimen, reloaded. 850 22.0 30.0 14.3 ( 8.6) 4900

454 151.7 206.8 98.6 (59.3)
12 24 Soviet steel 30Kh MA. Bar. 932 43.8 32.7 22.2 17.1 35 Data have been scaled from a plot.
500 302.0 225.6 153. 117.7
Tempered 1 h at 1112 F (600 C).
o
932 36.8 29.2 19.9 15.1 50 a
w
500 254.0 201.0 137. 104.0 o
932 36.8 28.5 20.3 16.4 30
500 254.0 196. 140. 112.8
932
500
28.45 23.8 16.8
196.1 163.8 115.7
19.6
135.3
50
5r
932 36.8 26.7 18.8 13.9 50 a
500 254.0 184. 129.5 96.1 a
a
932 28.45 23.3 16.5 19.1 50
500 196.1 160.8 113.8 131.4
m
932 20.05 17.9 13.2 9.25 45
500 138.3 123.6 91.2 63.7 M
H
932 20.05 17.1 12.0 10.0 50 F
en
500 138.3 117.7 82.4 68.6
13 U AISI 4140. 5/8-in. (16 mm) bolt. Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 193 ksi 248 123. 106 "L01 b
98 c
95 from decrease in bolt length during
(1331 MN/m2 ). 120 848. 731 696 676 655 periodic detorquing and reloading.
Above specimen, reloaded. 248 103. 97 3650

120 710. 669
14 U AISI 4140. 5/8-in. (16 mm) bolt. Room 117. 115. 112. 111. 107. 104. 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 158 ksi 807. 793. 772. 765. 738. 717. from decrease in bolt length during
(1089 MN/m2 ). periodic detorquing and reloading.
c
24 h. '168 h. 720 h.

3
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. a u- u ft .- E B N
c ST 2 " z -* z
=5 S s
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
u O
>
S
O
0.37 0.65 0.2 0.75 0.15 Room 120 to TO
0.44 1.10 0.35 1.20 0.25 160 w
827 to M
ty>
1103 TOi
a
H
>
o
as
>
O
>1
r
t-1
s
03
1E
Test temperature,
Re sidual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
106 psi
3 U
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3
strain, stress, stress, time, .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment o
V re ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi
ca re la h re
2 a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
15 U AISI 4140. 5/8-in. (16 mm) bolt. 248 107. 99 95 94 90 88 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 110 ksl 120 738. 683 655 648 621 607 from decrease in bolt length during
( 758 MN/m3 ). seriodic de-torquing and reloading.
16 U AISI 4140. 5/8-in. (16 mm) bolt. Room 106. 106 105 103 102 99 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 108 ksi 731. 731 724 710 703 683 from decrease in bolt length during
(745 MN/m2 ). periodic de-torquing and reloading.
17 U AISI 4140. Studs 6 in. (150 mm) Room 96. 87. 8760 Tested in H2S. H,0 environment. o
long. 661.9 600. Final stress was determined from a
95. 94.5 8760 decrease in length on unloading.
Room
Moist 655.0 652.
Results have been scaled from a
H,S Room 94. 96. 8760 plot.
648.1 662.
o
Room 93. 90. 8760
641.2 620.5
Room 91. 97. 8760
o
627.4 669.
a
Room 90. 91. 8760
620.5 627.
H
M
Room 82. 80. 8760 M
565.4 552.
CO
Room 80. 80. 8760

551.6 552.
Room 77. 78. 8760
530.9 538.
Room 38. 36. 8760
262.0 248.
100 90. 81.5 8760
38 620.5 562.
100 83. 71. 8760
38 572. 490.
100 81. 71. 8760
38 558.5 490.
( Continued on next page ).

b .- E S .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E S o > ^
5 S o
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
17 O
>
823
O
Tl
TO
H
SJ
H
TO
TOi

F
>
O
S3
>
S3
t-ri
18 W 0.38 0.73 0.35 0.90 0.21 0.015 0.013 Room 133. 114. 20 60 Brinell hardness 277/302.
917. 786.
>
19 0.38 0.76 0.19 1.0 0.21 Room 108.0 67.0 26 63 F
744.6 462. oK|
TO
20 0.43 0.74 0.49 0.89 0.23 Room 113.5 84.0 23 59 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
782.6 579. 930F(499C): 17.0ksi (117. MN/m').
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ iv o
3 o O Q. t
ksi CD
C
deg F
degC
Eo z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"5 stress, stress, time,
S Heat treatment o O strain,
o5
re CO
(A
2 /o ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s co m
Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
17 U ( Continuation from last page.) 100 79. 71. 8760

38 545. 490.
100 77. 71. 8760
38 531. 490.
100 71. 61.5 8760
38 489.5 424.
100 62. 60. 8760

38 427.5 414. o
X
100 54. 49. 8760 o
38 372. 338.
c
100 48. 49. 8760
38 331. 338.
100 41.
o
42.5 8760
38 282.5 293.
248 115. 98.5 1460
o
120 793. 679.
248 114. 94. 1460
CO
120 786. 648. H
M
248 106.5 86.5 1460 M
120 734.5 596.5 cn
248 96.5 78. 1460

120 665.5 538.
18 W 1. 25 in. (32 mm) diameter 850 31.6 22.0 17.3 11.8 9.3 3623 Initial strain corresponded to a
454 217.9 152. 119.3 81.4 64.1 45 ksi (310.3 MN/m1) stress at
room temperature.
19 F 1.5in. (38 mm) diameter.
Austempered at 1100 F(593C). 850 30.0 21.3 ( 18.7 1350
454 206.8 146.9 (129.)
20 F 2-1/8 in. (54 mm) diameter. 930 21.4 30.0 18.0 (11.6) 2650
Normalized 1550 F( 843 C); 499 147.5 206.8 124. (80. )
Tempered 1100 F(593C).

3to
Chemical composition, % by wt. U-U Z - E E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
s -
-i
o> -* Z
a) v -a 5 S o s
Mn Cr Ni Mo
119 0.46 0.75 0.30 1.00 0.06 0.22 0.013 0.024 Room 185. 179. O
(Bolt) O
1275. 1236.
572 180.5 156.5 c-1
300 1245. 1079. >
662 165. 146. 3
2!
350 1138. 1005.
O
752 142. 130. *1
400 980. 897. en
0.38 0.65 0.30 0.05 0.03 (Nut) 0.014 0.021 50
M
m
to
i
50
w
f
5S5
>
M
50
a
>1
r
r
o
CO
3E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final w
form and size, history of material. ksi m
GN/m2
106 psi
3 o
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
C
3
S Heat treatment
CD
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h </>
s
CO m
Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
CO
UJ
21 119 M12 bolts, per DIN 931. 572 86.05 67.5 Bolts tested with an automatic
300 593.3 466. relaxation machine.
Steel designation 42 Cr Mo4, per
DIN 17006. Strength class 12 K, 572 71.4 58.5 Nut height = 0. 8 d. Test length
per DIN 267. 300 492.3 402. 105 mm (4.13 in. ).
662 96.0 43.5
Bolt 350 661.9 300. Data have been scaled from plots.
Nuts: Steel Cq35, per DIN 17006.
Tests 662 96.0 45.5 o
Strength class 8G, per DIN 267.
350 661.9 314. IS
662 83.9 50.5 o

350 578.6 348. c!
662 82.5 51.
mo
I
350 568.8 353.
662 69.7 42.
350 480.5 289. to
oM
662 68.3 42.
350 470.7 289.
662 0.296 58.7 39.5
350 405.0 273. H
M
662 54.3 32. 5 K
F
350 374.6 226. CO
662 27.5 18.5

350 189.3 127.5
752 83.9 28.5
400 578.6 198.
752 82.5 29.
400 568.8 199.
752 71.8 21.
400 495.2 145.
752 59.5 14.6
400 409.9 101.
752 47.6 14.2
400 328.5 98.1
( Concluded next page.)
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
O
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5 re0)
MN/m2
MN/m2
3 <J
>._ E c
deg F
re
degC
C
g
ksi
ksi
3
8 s re
re
re
2 c
Cfl
"o
s
D
CD
a C Mn Cr p o a>
Si Ni Mo V S UJ
o
21 119 o
%
i
f
>
22 H 0.26 0.97 0.21 0.69 0.25 Room 103.4 74.9 21 67 Charpy impact 54 ft. lb. (73 joules ). 855
712.9 516.4 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: O
850 F (454 C): 30 ksi (207 MN/m').
CQ
23 P 0.37 0.63 0.14 0.98 0.26 0.015 0.02 Room 133.0 55.0 21 59 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
917.0 379.2 850 F (454 C): 20.7 ksi (143 MN/m'). M
GO
17.2 119 <M
I
930 F (499 C): 7. 5 ksi ( 51.7 MN/m'). to

a
>
24 H 0.25 0.33 0.56 0.31 0.30 0.025 0.011 Room 131.0 103.4 19 58 Charpy impact: 41 ft. lb. (55. 6 joules).
903.2 712.9 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: o
850F(454C): 15ksi (103 MN/m' ).
Cast 25 116 0.19 0.50 0.28 0.48 0.33 >

26 63 0.12 0.63 0.30 0.81 0.44 0.014 0.010 Room 73.8 54.2 22.8 73.9
509.0 373.6
to
ao
27 F 0.42 0.60 0.12 0.95 0.45 Room 129.2 102.5 21 58 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: >
890.8 706.7 930F(499C): 17. 0 ksi ( 117 MN/m'). r
r1
o
><
TO
28 F 0.42 0.60 0.12 0.95 0.45 Room 113.9 83.3 87.5 23 61 Vickers hardness 245.
785.3 574. 603.3
1E
Test temperature,
3 Residual stress, 0
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final 0
3 0) form and size, history of material. 3 ._ INI
ksi m
C u " &.E
degF
degC
E z MN/m2 .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a stress, stress, time,
"2 Heat treatment 0 ? CD strain, 0
<U
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
v
to (0 JS
Q LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
21 119 ( Continuation from last page.) 842 70.1 10.7

450 483. 5 73.5
842 50. 5 9.25
450 348.1 63.7
22 H 1652 F( 900C), 4h, oil quenched; 850 25.7 0.2 45.0 37. 31.5 ( 27.) 2510
1157 F( 625 C), 2h, air cooled. 454 177.2 310.3 255. 217. (186.)
o
850 24. C 50.0 21.5 15.4
23 P 1575 F( 857 C ), 3 h, oil quenched;
1030F(554C), 3h, furnace cooled; 454 165. E 344.7 148. 106. 3
Rough machined;
24. C 30.0
1000 F( 538 C), 3h, furnace cooled. 850 17.5 12.8
454 165. E 206.8 120.7 88.2
930 22. C 50.0 7.95 3.55
499 151.7 344.7 54.8 24.5 oF
24 H 1607 F( 875 C), 4h, water quenched 850 24. C 0.2 44.0 22.0 16.0 (11.9) 2682 w
D
977F(525C), 4h, air cooled. 454 165.5 303.4 152. 110. (82.) M
25 116 Cast steel. 932 0.52 31.6 24.2 19.9 18.8 20 Automatic relaxation machine.
500 217.7 167. 137. 129. Data have been scaled from plots.
a b W
26 63 German boiler steel 13CrMo44. Torsion tests on solid cylindrical M
932 32.3 15.0 13.3 specimens with gage section 10 mrr
1706F(930C), l/2h, air cooled; 500 222.6 103.5 91.7 ( 0. 4 in.) diameter x 340 mm (13. 4
>rsion 1310F(710C), 1/2 h, air cooled. 1112 32.3 12.2 7.4 in.) long.
600 222.6 83.8 51.0
Average results for duplicate tests
1247 32.3 6.5 3.1 have been scaled from a plot.
675 222.6 45.1 21.1
27 F 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. Hot rolled. 930 21.4 30.0 18.1 (11.6) 2650
1550 F( 843 C), air cooled; 499 147.5 206.8 124.8 (80.0)
1100 F(593C), tempered.
28 F 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia., Hot rolled. 930 21.4 0.14 29.6 26.6 24.0 ( 21.01 2520 5.1
1550 F( 843 C), air cooled; 499 147.5 204.1 183.4 165.5 (144.81
1200 F( 649 C), tempered.
Same specimen, reloaded 930 21.4 0.189 40.4 36.6 34.0 1056 4.9
499 147.5 278.5 252.3 234.4
b
"initial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. Maximum torsion stress on reaching test temperature.
1E
Q
portional limit,
st temperature,
jnsile strength,
S5
u Chemical composition, % by wt. CO eo

MN/m2
3
MN/m2
N
>._ E
deg F
C
degC
C
g ru
ksi
3
ksi
s *o
-ri
CO
01 O)
c
s O C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Cu Al P s 1- l-
ct UJ CC
o
Si-Co 29 F 0.47 0.35 1.94 0.62 0.45 1.29 Room 140.5 105. 20 43 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: o
Mod. 968.7 724. 930F(499C): 13.0 ksi (89. 6 MN/m ).
>
30 64 0.15 0.63 0.25 0.88 0.48 0.04 0.016 0.013 Room 71.8 51.3 31.1 62.8
495.2 354. s
o

M
CO
t/>
i
JO
a
f
>
31 97 0.38 0.45 0.70 1.57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 152. 133.6 20 62 Stress at 900F(482C) for rupture: o
1048. 921.1 lOOh: 80. 5 ksi ( 555 MN/m' ).
lOOOh: 70. 5 486
32 97 0.38 0.45 0.70 1.57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 149. 127. 19 60 Stress at 900F(482C) for rupture: >
1027. 876. 100h:79ksi (545 MN/mJ ).
lOOOh: 70. 5 486
33 97 0.38 0.45 0.70 1.57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 154.5 135. 19 58 Stress for rupture at 900 F (482 C ):
1065. 931. lOOh: 80ksi (552 MN/m*).
lOOOh: 71 490
M
34 97 0.38 0.45 0.70 1.57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 166. 153. 18 54 Stress for rupture at 900 F (482 C ):
1145. 1055. 100 h: 84. 5 ksi (583 MN/m5 ).
1000h:71.5 493 >
f
0.85 0.23 0.99 0.50 0.015 0.025 Room 128.9 89.9 23 66 Charpy impact 42;45 ft. lb. (57;61 joules). f
35 H 0.43 o
888.7 620. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: s
800 F (427 C ): 3 5. 3 ksi (243 MN/m2 ). CO
Room 126.8 88.4 24 65 850F(454C):33.5 231

874.3 609.5 34.0 234.5
900F(482C):20.8 143.5
1E
temperature,
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ (M u
3 09
O O Q- c
ksi
C
>
deg F
degC
Is stress.
3
8 Heat treatment strain. stress. time,
s i2 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
CO to JO
29 F 1-3/8 In. (35 mm) diameter. 930 19.5 30.0 15.6 ( 8.4) 3840
1600 F( 871 C), air cooled; 499 134.4 206.8 107.6 (57.9)
1200 F (649 C), tempered.
b
30 64 German boiler steel 13 Cr Mo44. 842 26.0 12.4 10.5 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 179.5 85.3 72.1 (0. 55 in. ) O. D. x 2 mm (0. 08 in.)
As received ( heat treated ). 932 26.0 11.1 9.1 wall thickness.
500 179.5 76.5 62.8 o
"initial maximum torsion stress at 1022 Results have been scaled from a
Torsion 26.0 9.7 6.6 plot.
room temperature. 550 179.5 66.7 45.6
Maximum torsion stress on reach- 1112 26.0 7.7 4.0
ing test temperature. 600 179.5 53.0 27.5
1202 26.0 5.5 1.55
650 179. 5 38.2 10.8
ot-
1
a
31 97 Hot-rolled bar, 5/8 in. (16 mm) dia. 900 80.0 58.4 53.0 500 Automatic relaxation machine. a
1800 F( 982 C), lh, oil quenched; 482 551.6 402.7 365.4 Results have been scaled from a
1200F(649C), 2 h. plot.
32 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 8% of 900 80.0 52.4 46.0 500 Automatic relaxation machine. CO
H
cross-sectional area. 482 551.6 361.3 317.2 Results have been scaled from a M
M
plot.
CO
33 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 15% of 900 80.0 50.9 44.1 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
cross-sectional area. 482 551.6 350.9 304.1 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
34 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 39% of 900 80.0 49.1 41.6 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
cross-sectional area. 482 551.6 338.5 286.8 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
35 H 1652 F( 900C), 8h, oil quenched; 800 28.4 0.2 45.0 43.0 37.0 (31.3) 2185
1202 F ( 650 C), 4h, air cooled. 427 195.8 310.3 296.5 255. (216.)
850 27.0 0.2 50.0 41.5 35.5 (30. 5) 2377
454 186.2 344.8 286. 245. (210.)
850 28.7 0.2 45.0 41.5 35.5 (31.0) 2378
454 197.9 310.3 286. 245. (214.)
900 23.8 0.21 44.0 29.0 21.0(15.7) 3425

482 164.1 303.4 200. 145. (108.)

sCO
Chemical composition, % by wt. S Li- o
3!
w .E >._ E
c ST 01
Z
fc *
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co
O
0.43 0.85 0.23 0.99 0.50 0.015 0.025 Room 124.4 84.7 17 57 Charpy impact 28 ft. lb. (38 joules). O
857.7 584 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: s
900F(482C):31 ksl (214 MN/m* ). 2
>
37 0.43 0.85 0.23 0.99 0.50 0.015 0.025 Room 103.4 52.4 22 45 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: H
II
712.9 361. 900F(482C): 10.2 ksi (70.3 MN/m' ) o
Sn o
38 0.15 0.52 0.18 0.88 0.10 0.52: 0.01 0.12 0.015 0.021 0.028 Room 69.2 43.1 n
0.125 0.53 0.18 0.80 0.10 0.53 0.01 0.08 0.010 0.026 0.026 477. 297. CQ
>-3
Nb Room 62.9 41.0
W
0.001 434. 283. en
0.001 CO
I

>
>
W
M
39 0.44 0. 58 0.78 1.21 0.53 Room 125. 89. 22 56 Grain size 7 to 8.

io
>
862. 514. Brinell hardness 195. r1
Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: tr
O
95OF(510C): 14 ksi (96.5 MN/ mJ ).
1000F(538C): 12 82.7 CO
Test temperature,
2 Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
0) form and size, history of material. ksi *-n
GN/m2
106 psi
c O
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2 stress, .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment strain, stress, time, u
a) ca
(0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000
10,000 ksi h W)
JS
2 MN/m2 h h h
h
Q h MN/m2 LU
36 H 1742 F( 950 C), 8h, air cooled; 900 23.5 0.2 45.0 37.0 32.0 25.0) 2740
1157F(625C), 4h, air cooled. 482 162.0 310.3 255. 221. 172.)
37 H 1742F(950C), 2h, furnace cooled; 900 23.9 0.2 32.0 15.0 10.5 (7.45) 2279
1157F(625C), 4h, air cooled. 482 164.8 220.6 103. 72.4 (51.4)
38 4 BS1501-620. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 23.8 19.7 14.5 12 Results have been scaled from a
Plates 2.8 in. (71 mm) and 4. 75 in. 550 164./ 136/ 100. plot containing values for two heats o
a
(121 mm) thick. 21.5 18.3 w
148. 126.
Average or range is given, accord- o
1715F(935C), air cooled; ing to which was plotted.
1202 F( 650 C), tempered. 1067 0.15 22.3 17.0 11.9 12
575 154./ 117./ 82.
If
I
20.6 16.0
142. 110. K!
B
1112 0.15 20.6 13.3 9.0 12 O
600 142. 92. 62. M
1157 0.15 18.9 10.5 7.0 12

625 130./ 72.5, 48y CO
H
18.9 9.6 5.2 W
130. 66. 36. M
f
1202 0.15 17.0 7.0 3.8 12
650 117./ 48./ 26/
15.2 5.9 2.6
105. 40.5 18.
39 N 1-3/8 in. (35 mm) dia. , rolled. 850 25.0 19.6 (19.3) 273
454 172.4 135. (133.)
950 23.3 25.0 15.4 ( 14.7) 2450
1200 F( 650 C), 2h, furnace cooled.
510 160.6 172.4 106. (101. )
1000 21.0 25.0 (11.0) ( 9.8) 523
538 144.8 172.4 (75. 8) (67. 6)
Above specimen, reloaded. 1000 21.0 25.0 ( 15.3) (13.8) 598

538 144.8 172.4 (105.5) (95.1)
Q
S
s f,
Chemical composition, % by wt. e s ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
t> - E
ft w> -*. >._ E
o -x Z g-Sz
o *
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb
O
Nb 40 0.47 0.54 0.29 0.98 0.54 0.21 Room 134.9 126.4 21 60 Charpy impact str. : 36 ft. lb. (48. 8 joules) O
Mod. 930.1 871.5 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
900 F(482C ): 20. 2 ksl (139 MN/m').
0.001 0.016 Room 128.2 100. 65

5
s
41 O 0.35 0.47 0.75 1.20 0.57 24 Grain size 7 to 8.
883.9 689. Brinell hardness 269.
Room 126.8 97.5 25 64
900F(482C): 13.0ksi (89.6 MN/m1 ).
o
874.3 672. *d
tz>
42 O 0.45 0.57 0.70 1.26 0.57 0.018 0.018 Room 139.5 100. 22 54 Brinell hardness 285. 3
S3
961.8 689. Stress for 0.00001%/h min. creep rate: M
CO
Room 134.0 100. 22 55 900F(482C): 13. 5 ksi (93 MN/m'). m
923.9 689. M
r
B 43 0.25 0.41 0.26 0.59 0.58 0.003 Room 103.8 71.6 22 61 Charpy impact str. : 29 ft. lb. ( 39.3 joules) >
Mod. 715.7 494. Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C ): 30 ksi (207 MN/m1 ).
3
44 103 0.42 0.58 0.25 1.29 0.58 0.028 0.030 Room 145.6 Typical tensile strength 135 to 157 ksi
& 0.30 1.35 0.59 0.030 0.035 1004. ( 930 to 1080 MN/m') in sizes up to 4 in.
125 ( 100 mm) diameter. >
(M)
3
M
>
1
ot-
CO
iE
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
ID
C
O
U
MN/m2
deg F
degC
Is a strain, stress, time,
3
V
Heat treatment
w % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
m
5 Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
1250 F(677 C), 8h, air cooled. 499 203.4 310.3 179.3 148.2 (105.5
41 O 1650 F( 900 C ), oil quenched; 900 23.8 0.173 42.27 20.6 15.0
1250 F( 675 C), tempered. 482 164.1 291.4 142. 103.
o
42 O 1650 F(900C), oil quenched; 900 22.0 0.158 38.54 16.7 9.9 a
w
1250 F( 677 C), tempered. 482 151.7 265.7 115.1 68.3 o
S
IF
I
43 H 1652 F( 900C), 4h, oil quenched; 850 24.7 0.2 45.0 35.0 30.0 (26. 0) 2509
1112F(600C), 2h, air cooled. 454 170.3 310.3 241.3 206.8 (179.3;
S3
o
M
44 103 "Durehete 900". 842 26.1 53.76 47.5 41.2 35.5 (32. 2) 3000 Data for two heats with very
& 1-1/8in.(28. 5 mm) diameter. 450 180. 370.7 327.5 284. 245. (222. ) similar compositions.
125 Forged bar.
842 31.36 28.7 25.3 22.2 1000
(M) 450 216.2 198. 174.5 153. B
1575 F( 857 C), oil quenched; M
1220 F(660C), tempered. 842 8.96 7.7 6.8 6.5 F
450 61.8 53.0 46.9 44.8 CO
896 25.8 53.76 43.0 35.0 26.8 (21.5) 3000

480 177.9 370.7 296.5 241. 185. (148. )
896 0.133 31.36 26.9 23.0 19.2 1000
480 216.2 185.5 158.6 132.4
896 8.96 7.4 6.2 4.9
480 61.8 51.0 42.7 33.8
925 31.36 23.5 19.7 15.9 ( 7.4) 3000
496 216.2 162.0 135.8 109.6 (51.0)
950 25.3 53.76 32.0 22.4 12.8 ( 1.5) 4000
510 174.4 370.7 220.6 154.4 88.3 (10.3)
950 31.36 21.5 15.9 10.7 ( 1.8) 4000
510 216.2 148.2 109.6 73.8 (12.4)
a
Jlfc a
ID

1 ê
03 3^
I.--F
CO M
3 O Chemical composition, % by wt. eo
C
S c ._ E
t Jo o
3 CO
ô 'w ^
is Si o> * Z
s sc - "o
2
fc * z
a> to
c o ^
a
5
n
C Mn Cr P
M V o o V
Q Si Ni Mo V S V
1- r-
LU cr
>
H
S
a
o
45 100 0.46 0.53 0.35 1.38 0.32 0.62 0.036 0.029 68 147.5 118. 124.5 24 60 Izod impact str. 54 ft. lb. (73 joules).
H
20 1017. 814. 858.4 Vickers hardness ( 30 kg load): 309.
M
842 112.5 59. 86.3 26 70 a>
03
450 775.7 407. 595.
932 104.2 29.3 75.7 28 76 M

f
500 718.4 202. 522. >
977 93.2 24.4 69.0 28 79
525 642.6 168. 476.
s
1022 88.0 64.7 28 80
550 606.7 446.
>
sW
M
s
M
i>
W
46 63 0.09 0.38 0.27 0.82 0.66 0.020 0.032 Room 73.5 34.4 21.3B7.4
507.0 237.3
o
CO
"0. 01% offset yield strength.
IE
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
o
106 psi
CO
c
>
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3
strain, stress, stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
<u
51 Heat treatment
CO
CO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V,
m
2 Q
44 Continued from last page. 950 0.05 11.20 9.2 7.2 5.0 1000
510 77.2 63.4 49.6 34.5
950 0.041 8.96 6.4 4.7 3.15 1000
510 61.8 44.1 32.4 21.7
1004 31.36 17.7 10.5 2.9
540 216.2 122.0 72.4 20.0
45 100 Open-hearth steel. 842 24.8 0.15 31.3 25.8 Residual stresses have been scaled o
from the published figure. X
1,2 and 4 in. (25, 50 and 102 mm) 450 171.0 216. 178.
diameter forged bars. 887 0.15 28.7 23.3 17.6 ( 9.9)
475 198. 161. 121. (68. )
1598 to 1616F(870 to 880C), oil
quenched; 905 0.15 35.85 31.7 26.3 20.7 14.3
1238F(670C), 2h. 485
932 23.6 0.15
247.2 218.6 181.3 142.7
24.9 17.2
98.6
10.3 ( 3.4)
5
500 162.7 171.7 118.6 71.0 (23.4)
D
977 21.6 0.15 18.5 11.6 4.9 M
525 148.9 127.5 80.0 33.8
1022 18.7 0.15 13.0 6.6 CM
550 128.9 89.6 45.5 M
K
1022 0.15 11.6 6.2 F
550 80.0 42.7
1067 0.15 10.7 4.9
575 73.8 33.8
1112 0.15 9.1 4.7
600 62.7 32.4
a b
Torsion 46 63 Steel of British manufacture. 1022 19.5 8.8 8.0 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
550 134.4 60.8 54.9 specimens with gage section 10 mm
Normalized at 1652 F( 900 C). ( 0.4 in.) diameter x 340 mm (13.4
1112 19.5 8.4 6.8 in.) long.
600 134.4 57.9 47.1
1202 19.5 7.3 4.4
650 134.4 50.0 30.4
1292 19.5 3.4 0.7
700 134.4 23.5 4,9
Initial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. Maximum torsion stress on reaching test temperature in
about 1. 5 to 2 h from start of heating.
1fc e" 1
U
3 f s?
Tensile stren
Proportional 1
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO
Test tempera
3 Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
CO
MN/m2
C >._ E c
degF
degC
CO
3 o -o
ksi
ksi
CO
0)
8
ro
* 2
6 S sc
c
D
CO
D
CO
Mr, Si Cr Ni Mo V Cu Sn P S o CO
IT
UJ
0.58 0.56 1.79 0.67 0.02 0.02 Room 148.4 119.9 17 51 o

47 H 0.43 Charpy impact str. 37 ft. lb. (50 joules). o
850F(454C):26.0ksi( 179 MN/mJ ).
1000F(538C):26.5 183
48 105 0.43 0.55 0.31 1.30 0.17 0.76 Izod impact str. 3. 5 to 5 ft. lb. (4. 75 to 6.8
s
joules.) Vickers hardness (30 kg): 381. O
49 105 0.43 0.55 0.31 1.30 0.17 0.76 Izod impact str. 44 ft. lb. ( 60 joules).
ID
Vickers hardness (30 kg load): 340. JO

M
m
50 51 0.37 0.38 0.16 1.05 0.17 0.82 0.08 0.018 0.011 tn
i
JO
a
JO
51 4 0.146 0.45 0.10 2.05 0.28 0.92 <0.01 0.16 0.019 0.018 0.028 Room 108.2 90.6
Sol. Total 746. 625.
Al Al
<0.002 0.004
M
O
>
C
r
o
en
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ksi reu
GN/m2
106 psi
3 U
C
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2 Re lax at ion-test procedure and comments
Is 8 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, O
0) re
re ra % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (A
m
2 D MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
47 H 1652 F (900C), 8h, oil quenched; 850 24.8 0.2 45.0 34.0 28.8 (24.0) 2378
1250 F( 677 C), 4h, air cooled. 454 171.0 310.3 234.4 198.6 (165.5
1000 19.6 0.2 35.0 11.5 5.3 ( 1.8) 2119
538 135.1 241.3 79.3 36.5 (12.4)
48 105 Bolt which failed after 30,000 h 900 31.4 27.7 24.7 21.8
After service at 896 F (480 C ). 482 216.5 191.0 170.3 150.3
Service o
49 105 After above service. 900 31.4 25.1 19.3 11.9 X
+ 1220 F( 660 C), 2h. 482 216.5 173.1 133.1 82.0 8
50 51 Basic electric-arc furnace. 851 0.10 25.1 22.9 21.4 19.5 17.4
455 173.1 157.9 147.5 134.4 120.0
1562 F (850C), oil quenched;
1166 F( 630 C), air cooled.
905
485
0.19 38.5 33.9 26.9 20.0
265.4 233.7 185.5 137.9
of
><
905 0.10 23.75 20.9 18.6 15.1 10.5 wo
485 163.8 144.1 128.2 104.1 72.4 w
905 0.05 11.2 10.5 9.1 7.25
485 77.2 72.4 62.7 50.0
en
977 0.10 21.1 17.6 14.8 10.7 4.5
525 145.5 121.3 102.0 73.8 31.0
f
51 4 BS1501-622, Grade 55. 662 0.15 34.1 33.1 31.8 12 Data have been scaled from a plot
Basic open hearth. 350 235. 228. 219. of residual stress versus time.
Plate 2. 25 in. (57 mm) thick.
842 0.15 30.9 29.4 27.4 12
1740 F (950C), air cooled; 450 213. 203. 189.
1165F(630C), tempered. 932 0.15 29.2 26.5 23.8 12
500 201. 183. 164.
1022 0.15 26.0 21.5 17.0 12
550 179. 148. 117.
1067 0.15 24.7 20.0 14.1 12
575 170. 138. 97.
1112 0.15 23.8 17.3 11.5 12
600 164. 119. 79.
1157 0.15 21.5 14.5 8.0 12
625 148. 100. 55.
1202 0.15 20.2 11.2 5.2 12
650 139. 77. 36.
f CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. N
*> - E
!
5
o * Z
S 1* i *z
Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
O
52 0.48 0.15 0.08 1.72 0.13 0.96 Room 140.7 83.0 14 27 Charpy impact str.: 4.7 ft. lb. (6.4 joules) o
1022 F ( 550C): 5. lksi(35.2 MN/m1 ).
Charpy impact str. : 12.1 ft. lb. (16.4 joules

>
53 0.48 0.15 0.08 1.72 0.13 0.96 Room 131.1 86.0 14 34 H
903.9 592.9 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate: S
1022F(550C): 5.95 ksi (41.0 MN/m* ). 25
o
54 0.115 0.48 0.21 2.54 0.12 0.965 CO. 01 0.12 0.018 0.020 0.016 Room 77.9 53.4 CO
537. 368. H
Sol. Total
W
Al Al co
CO
I
0.004 0.004 50
H
f
>
>
W
w
2!
O
55 116 *0.15 0.70 0.30 1.00 1.00 68 114 to 100 to 15to
128 114 50
20 785 to 686 to
883 785
56 123 '0.15 0.30 0.50 1.90 0.87 0.030 0.030 >

max. to max. to to max. max.
0.60 2.60 1.13
CO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, B J3 Initial
Residual stress,
Final
O
u
form and size, history of material.
I'M ksi **-(0
CO
0>
u
C
MN/m2 >
1 8 E 2* E z strain. stress. stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment JS "D "o o?(5
10
tj re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
V)
fe
CO
a 1- ill MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
1202F(650C), 2h, furnace cooled. 550 141.3 241.3 64.1 39.3 (16.8)
53 H 2282 F( 1250 C), 10 h, air cooled; 1022 25.2 0.2 30.0 23.2 11.2 2229
1922 F( 1050 C), 10 h, air cooled; 550 173.7 206.8 160.0 77.2
1202 F( 650 C), 3h, furnace cooled.
54 4 BS1501-622, Grade 31. 1022 0.15 27.85 24.4 20.0 12 Data have been scaled from a plot o
a
Basic open hearth. 550 192. 168. 138. of residual stress versus time. w
Plate 2. 75 in. (70 mm) thick. 15.5 12
o
1067 0.15 26.8 21.2
575 185. 146. 107.
Normalized 1742 F (950 C ).
Tempered 1337 F( 725 C). 1112 0.15 25.95 17.7 10.6 12
600
1157
179. 122.
0.15 23.35 13.5
73.
8.4 12
IF
><
625 161. 93. 58. a
o
1202 0.15 20.6 9.3 5.8 12 w
650 142. 64. 40.
1247 0.15 15.7 5.8 3.5 12
675 108. 40. 24. H
M
1292 0.15 9.9 3.5 1.15 12 M
F
700 68. 24. 8. CO
55 116 932 0.53 71.7 54.8 46.5 38.3 45 Automatic relaxation machine.
500 494.3 377.6 320.7 263.8 Data have been scaled from a plot.
56 123 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo pipe. 500 43.7 30.4

260 301.3 209.6
As received.
900 30.5 20.2
482 210.3 139.3
1000 32.2 17.9
538 222.0 123.4
1000 30.6 21.3
538 211.0 146.9
i C
3 * I
a?
ae
Chemical composition, % by wt. ?
Test tempera
3
.- B 2 F Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
degF
degC
3 o *o
(0
a a -* Z
Proportio
ks
MN/
.2 3*2 Z
c 3.
c
ra n o o
6
at
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S 1- LiJ cc
o
o
s2!
o
57 123 "0.15 0.30 0.50 1.90 0.87 0.030 0.030 CO
max. to max. to to max. max.
0.60 2.60 1.13 a
M
CQ
CO
i

M
58 123 a
0.15 0.30 0.50 1.90 0.87 0.030 0.030
max. to max. to to max. max. s25
0.60 2.60 1.13
59 31 Rupture strength at 1112 F( 600C):

100h: 28. 4 ksi ( 196 MN/m' ).
1000h:18.6 128
Stress for min. creep rate at 1112F(600C)
0. 0001%/h: 11.4 ksi ( 78. 8 MN/m' ).
M
60 107 0.09 0.54 0.26 2.40 0.11 1.04 0.15 0.014 0.009
>
f
f
o
Hi
CQ
1E
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, j3 Residual stress, 6
Initial Final o
3 0>
u form and size, history of material. 3 ._ CM
o a. _fc ksi CO
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
"to 3 z stress, 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment o?(3 strain, stress, time,
'<M O
CO
CO
JO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h CA
JO
S
CO
Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
56 123 ( Continued from last page.) 1000 28.1 23.1

538 193.7 159.3
1100 17.86 11.0
593 123.1 75.8
1100 16.65 10.0
593 114.8 68.9
57 123 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo pipe. 500 45.6 32.8 o

260 314.4 226.1
a
1650F(899C), 1/2 h, furnace cool.
900 33.5 26.4
8
482 231.0 182.0
1000 29.7 21.7
sr
I
538 204.8 149.6
58 123 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo pipe. 1000 91.9 68.8 !

CO
538 633.6 474.4 o
1850 F( 1010C), water quenched;
1100 F( 593 C), 1/2 h.
5h
59 31 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo plate. 1112 0.15 25.5 18.8 " 15. 0' After each 24 h of relaxation, the
1-3/4 in. ( 45 mm) thick. 600 176. 129.7 103.8 specimen was unloaded; a strain M
M
of 0. 05% was re-applied from the
9th re-straining: 1112 24.15 17.7 15.7
new datum, for the next relaxation GO
600 166.5 122.0 108.1
period.
49th re-straining: 1112 24.75 15.7 13.3
600 170.7 108.1 91. 9_
60 107 Relaxation of pure axial tension: 932 47.4 43.2 41.0 37.4 33.3 400 Thin-wall tube, 13 mm (0. 5 in.)
500 326.6 298.1 282.4 257.9 229.5 O. D. x 1 mm (0. 039 in.) wall
thickness.
932 34.4 31.9 30.2 27.6 24.9 350 Gage length 80 mm (3.15 in.)
500 237.3 219.7 207.9 190.2 171.6
Tension Results have been scaled from
Relaxation of axial stress compon- 932 35.4 32.4 30.9 27.2 23.3 425 plots.
+ ent, for Vo- = 1/2. 500 244.2 223.6 212.8 187.3 160.8
Torsion
932 26.0 23.9 22.3 19.5 18.5 190
500 179.5 164.8 154.0 134.4 127.5
932 20.5 18.8 17.5 15.1 12.2 500
500 141.2 129.4 120.6 104.0 84.3
( Continued next page.)
fg
Q

* - E I - E >._ E
s * Z * z
=5 S o ^ 2 2
Cr Ni Mo V Cu
O
O
id
>
r
>
s
o
en
a
M
en
CO
i
W
61 0.24 0.40 0.48 1.63 0.24 1.05 Room 113.9 77. 21 56 Charpy impact str.: 25.6;27. Oft. lb. (34.7; a
785.3 531. 36.6 joules). >
Room 117. 80. 22 63 932F(500C): 17. 0 ksi ( 117 MN/m1 ).
808. 552.
1022F(550C): 5.1 35 o
62 108 3.13 0.57 0.30 2.41 0.10 1.05 0.12 0.013 0.021 Room 75.4 50.6 34 74 Vickers hardness (30 kg load): 159; 166.
519.9 348.9
>
M
2!
O
M
50
a
>1
tr
f
O
!
63 0.33 0.36 1.08 1.08 0.08(1.15 Room 139.4 110. 19 Charpy impact str. : 44 ft. lb. (59. 7 joules)
961.1 758 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
842F(450C):36. 0 ksi (248.2 MN/m2 ).
932F(500C): 14.6 100.6
1E
temperature,
in
3 ._ iv u
CD form and size, history of material. ksi to
C O O O..E
deg F
degC
E MN/m2
l2
2
Heat treatment
, z strain. stress. stress. time, .2-
0
ra (0
ts
0
jD % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 10
2 Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
60 107 ( Continuation from last page.)
Relaxation of axial stress compon- 932 23.7 22.0 20.9 18.8 17.2 290
ent for T/a - 1. 500 163.3 152.0 144.2 129.4 118.7
932 17.2 15.5 14.5 12.9 11.1 600
500 118.7 106.9 100.0 89.2 76.5
Relaxation of shearing stress for 932 27.35 25.2 23.5 20.9 18.8 600
500 188.6 173.6 161.8 144.2
a
pure torsion. 129.4 a
w
932 19.8 17.6 16.2 14.1 12.2 360 o
500 136.7 121.6 111.8 97.1 84.3
61 H 2282F(1250C), lOh, air cooled; 932 22.5 0.2 45.0 32.5 23.8 2176 I
500 155.1 310.3 224. 164.
1922F(1050C), lOh, air cooled;
1202F(650C), 3h, furnace cooled.
1022 24.0 0.2 30.0 21.0 7.6 (1.42) 2229
550 165.5 206.8 144.8 52.4 (9. 79) a
a
M
62 108 STB 42 D. 932 25.7 0.12 26.0 24.2 20.4 15.7 390 The top two tests listed were run
500 177.5 179.0 166.7 140.7 108.4 with continuous load reduction; the
1688 F( 920 C), 1 h, slow cool to other data were from step-down
1400F(760C); 932 0.10 23.0 21.9 19.3 16.8 160
500 158.4 151.0 133.4
tests with manual stress decre- H
Cool from 1400 F(760C ) to 1325 F 116.2 ments of 1422 psi ( 9. 8 MN/m1) M
W
( 718 C ) in 1 h; then air cool. 932 0.2 32.1 29.2 24.0 (14.3) each, to keep constant the strain f
CO
500 221.6 201.0 165.2 (98.6) indication on a dial gage.
932 0.15 29.0 26.8 22.9 Results have been scaled from a
500 200.0 184.9 157.9 plot of residual stress versus time
932 0.12 26.4 24.5 21.1
500 181.9 168.7 145.1 Specimen gage section 10 mm (0. 4
in.) diameter x 100 mm (3. 9 in.)
932 0.10 22.9 22.4 19.9 (13.5) long.
500 157.4 154.5 137.3 (93. 2)
63 H 1742 F( 950 C), 8h, oil quenched; 842 25.6 0.2 50.0 37.7 (29.6) 2505
1202 F (650C), 2h, furnace cooled. 450 176.5 344.7 259.9 (204.1)
932 24.0 0.2 40.0 28.5 19.2 ( 8.3) 3900
500 165.5 275.8 196.5 132.4 (57.2)
Q
1E *
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
3 0)
1ra Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
MN/m2
U
C c
deg F
degC
3 >.. E o
ksi
*-o
ksi
8
CO ac o
S
(0
O C Mn Cr o cu
Si Ni Mo V P S UJ <r
o
64 H 0.33 0.36 1.08 1.08 0.086 1.15 Room 113.4 80. 21 58 Charpy impact str.: 73; 16; 21 ft. lb. (99; o
781.9 552. 22; 28. 5 joules).
Room 126.9 89. 18 47 Stress for 0.00001%/h min. creep rate:
874.9 614. 1022F(550C): 4. 9 ksi ( 33. 8 MN/m1 ). >
932F(500C):25.0 172.
Room 118.9 80. 22 62 19.3 133. s2!
819.8 552.
O
*l
65 116 0.30 0.40 0.30 1.30 1.20 68 114 to 85.3 16 CO
H
128
20 785 to 588.4 M
CO
883 co

932 45.5 50 a
500 314. F
b
66 AA p. 11 0.55 0.29 2.13 0.90 0.011 0. 014] 77 76.1 37.4 28.3 Tensile-test strain rate 6.7 x 10 /s.
25 525. 258. S
t>. 135 0.57 0.37 2.2 0.16 0.92 0.012 0.016]
700 74.5 32.9 20.1
371 514. 227.
850 72.4 33.4 21.0
454 499. 230.
950 66.6 32.5 23.6
510 459. 224.
1000 61.4 31.5 26.3
538 423. 217.
1050 54.2 30.2 25.9
566 374. 208.
>
1100 47.6 29.4 36.5 f
f
593 328. 203. o
!
co
"Nominal composition. 'Vendor analysis. Analysis by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
3E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final uJ
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 o
C
MN/m2
degF
degC
a
3
Heat treatment strain, stress, time, o
ra ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
ra %
S
CO
Q
64 H 2282 F( 1250 C ), 10 h, air cooled; 932 25.4 0.2 45.0 40.0 31.0 (19.3) 2176
1922 F( 1050 C), 10 h, air cooled; 500 175.1 310.3 275.8 213.7 (133.1
1202 F( 650 C), 3 h, furnace cooled.
932 27.9 0.2 45.0 35.0 26.0 ; 12.2 2176
500 192.4 310.3 241.3 179.3 [ 84.1
1022 0.2 30.0 22.0 8.1 2228
550 206.8 151.7 55.8
65 116 932 0.52 68.3 54.3 39.8 31.3 45 Automatic relaxation machine. n
500 470.7 374.6 274.6 215.7 Data have been scaled from a plot. a
a
o
Nickel-plated specimen: 932 0.49 71.1 39.8 29.2 24.9 400
500 490.3 274.6 201.0 171.6
ui CM f
>._ E
0.1 1 10 100 1000 c
6 S h h h h h
66 AA Plate 1 in. ( 25 mm) thick. a
842 26.1 0.350 33.9 33.2 32.9 32.2 30.5 100 B
o
Heat No. 20017. 450 180. 234. 229. 227. 222. 210.
Annealed. as
34.8 0.735 38.4 38.3 38.1 37.7 36.5 50 a
240. 265. 264. 263. 260. 252.
39.2 1.34 45.0 42.9 42.5 41.5 40.0 39.2 220 9H
270. 310. 296. 293. 286. 276. 270. a
tr1
1.35 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.0 38.7 38.3 140
276. 279. 279. 276. 267. 264.
a
950 15.4 15.4 15.2 14.8 13.9 12.3 600
510 106. 106. 105. 102. 96. 85.
15.2 15.2 14.9 14.5 13.6 10.4 1000
105. 105. 103. 100. 94. 72.
950 17.8 17.8 17.4 17.0 15.8 14.5 260

510 123. 123. 120. 117. 109. 100.
950 23.5 21.5 21.0 20.5 17.3 14.9 150

510 162. 148. 145. 141. 119. 103.
"Repeated loadings.
i
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial
E Final u
0) form and size, history of material. 10 M ksi flj
3 o <-
C >._ E
deg F
degC
w 2
=1 MN/m .2- Re lax at ion-test procedure and comments
!s s Heat treatment
Q>
(0
s % ksi 0.1 1 10 100 1000 ksi h JS
5 Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
LU
o
66 AA (Continuation) a
900 21.5 0.34 30.0 29.0 28.3 27.4 26.3 26.1 150 o
482 148. 207. 200. 195. 189. 181. 180. s
13
i-H
F
31.0 0.73 35.0 34.2 33.5 32.5 30.2 30.2 110 >
214. 241. 236. 231. 224. 208. 208. It
O
35.2 1.31 40.0 37.9 36.7 35.2 33.6 100
243. 276. 261. 253. 243. 232. o
39.5 2.08 45.0 42.1 40.3 38.7 36.3 35.5 180 CO
H
272. 310. 290. 278. 267. 250. 245. SJ
M
2.0 35.0 33.8 32.9 31.9 en
30.5 50 1
241. 233. 227. 220. 210. s>
M
44.5 2.18 44.7 43.8 42.9 41.0 40.2 24 F
307. 308. 302. 296. 283. 277. >
b
44.2 2.28 44.5 42.6 41.5 39.6 39.2 24
o
II
305. 307. 294. 286. 273. 270.
z
46.0 2.4 40.0 39.5 38.6 37.6 36.3 24 o
317. 276. 272. 266. 259. 250. >
i-3
2.4 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.3 36.5 33.8 500 >
276. 272. 269. 264. 252. 233. O
50
950 24.8 23.5 22.5 20.3 16.7 11.7 1000 M
510 171. 162. 155. 140. 115. 81.
sz
Ii
a
950 23.5 0.25 30.0 29.7 29.3 27.4 24.8 14.5 1000 M
510 162. 207. 205. 202. 189. 171. 100. W
W
s
II
26.5 0.43 30.0 27.1 24.2 20.5 20.0 24
183. 207. 187. 167. 141. 138.
>
30.0 0.5 30.0 28.0 25.8 22.5 19.1 18.6 140 r
f
207. 207. 193. 178. 155. 132. 128. o
Repeated loadings. After 70-hour soak at zero strain.
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
3 0)
o form and size, history of material. ksi to
C >._ E
deg F
degC
3
SI
z
s * strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment
3
O
to n % ksi 0.1 1 10 100 1000 ksi h

s Q
a
66 AA ( Concluded). 950 23.5 0.25 30.0 29.2 29.0 27.1 24.7 25.5 100
510 162. 207. 201. 200. 187. 170. 176.
29.7 0.31 30.0 28.4 27.3 1
205. 207. 196. 188.
31.0 49.3 42.9 38.7 35.0 33.8 20
214. 340. 296. 267. 241. 233.
0
1000 21.0 0.3 29.6 28.3 27.3 24.5 19.9 100
538 145. 204. 195. 188. 169. 137. o
27.0 0.73 33.1 29.9 26.5 23.6 18.7 11.7 300
186. 228. 206. 183. 163. 129. 81.
1050 27.6 0.56 27.6 23.6 19.7 15.5 11.7 11.0 150
566 190. 190. 163. 136. 107. 81. 76. I
c 1050
F
20.0 0.11 20.0 19.3 18.3 16.2 7.8 100 K!
566 138. 138. 133. 126. 112. 54. CD
O
22.9 0.24 24.9 21.0 17.7 14.5 10.4 100 W
158. 172. 145. 122. 100. 72.
24.5 0.66 30.0 21.9 17.7 14.2 11.3 100
s,
GO
169. 207. 151. 122. 98. 78. H
H
< 1050 B
20.0 0.25 30.0 26.5 24.1 19.4 9.0 100 F
566 138. 207. 183. 166. 134. 62.
CO
24.7 1.4 33.9 23.6 19.0 14.6 10.7 100

170. 234. 163. 131. 101. 74.
24.7 4.0 37.7 23.5 18.4 14.2 10.6 9.1 200
170. 260. 162. 127. 98. 73. 63.
c 1200 24.4 14.9 13.1 0.5
649 168. 103. 90.
24.4 14.9 12.0 9.3 8.3 20
168. 103. 83. 64. 57.
Repeated loadings.
Chromium - Molybdenum Steels (0.14 to 0.21 % Strain)

54 50
54 62
62 51 59 45 62
54
o
51
38
51
38
51 51 51
45
51 54
51
o
38 54 54 45 38 38
54 54 54
38 51 45 38 54
38 38 38 54 45 38 51
38 45 45 38 51 54
38 45
45 54 38 54
50
3
1 Hour 10 (or 12) Hours O
*I
CO
- 300 300 H
SO
M
40 CO
40 CO
I
W
z
2
a>
30 30
o
a - 200 200
3
a
">
O
52
20 20
- 100 - 100 M
a
10 10 >
t-1
o
CO
500 600 C 70C 500 500 C

I
800 1,000 F 1,200 800 1,000 F 1,200
35 35-35 64 53 63 36 35 35
64 36 78
6 22 36 64 64 35-35 35
35 64
43 35 61 61 22 35 63
47
45
50 63 47
43
41 61 *? 53 22
43
40
41
64
27
40 28 50 64 42
6 7 62 7
7 47
45 63 61 7 45 63 52
24 45
45
47 52 7 52 7 37
45 4
5 42 62 45
45 6 45 6-7 8 61
37 45 45 24
24 37 47
45 8 45
50
100 Hours 1000 Hours 10,000 Hours

300 300 300
O
40 40
a
40

S
II
a
Z SI
S
s
30 30 30
200 200 200 a
O a
3
TJ o M
'31
a> Q
L
CO
H
20 20 20 M
M
Solid symbols f
CO
0.5-1.15% Mo
100 100 -100 Open symbols
0.12-0.3% Mo
10 10 10
o . Q + T
" N + T
A Annealed
x
Not given
450 500 550 C 450 500 550C 450 500C
I i I I I I -L_
800 900 1000 F 800 900 1000F 800 900 1000 F
Temperature Q Elasticity fattor 5.1 "
40KSI 50 60
Initial stress O Elasticity Factor 5.5
Quenched & tempered : solid symbols
Chromium - Molybdenum Steels (0.45% Mo min.) Normalized & tempered: open symbols

44 50 51 35 35 44 44 50 44 45 36 44
44 50 44 35 63 44 44 50 44 45 36 44
44 50
39
51
44
47
35
^2244
44 50 44 ic
4S
41
42 35 44
is 50 45 4) 44
39 44 47 63
50 47
35
J400
o
E a
w
o
H300 w i
If
V)
><
o a
o
w
z
a
0)
- 200 CO
H
M
a
f
100
* 1h
* 10 or 12 h
100 h
* 1,000 h
T 10,000 h
20 40 60 20 40 60
0.45% Mo min.. Quenched & tempered

44 44 .. 63 44 44 2 / sg
- 500 o
4
AH
44 44 44
** '3 44
44
44
47
44 J2 // o
44 63 , /
44 47 I / A
44 44 52 2 /
47 52 5 /
44 52 2 /
44 5 / S
44 5 /
60
1 o
- 400
925 to 950 F 1000 to 1022 F CO
H
(496 to 510 C) (538 to 550C) W
M
co
CO
50
a
z
>
- 300
.- 40 o
0
D >
30
?> ô
'3!
/ i 200 O
O
M
3>
20
/ ''* / iL.
M
// / . - 100
/
/ ' .
s ^ *
A
>
. . 1 f
C
10

o
CO
.--10,000 h
10,000 h
T
20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 100
0.45% Mo min. Normalized + Tempered

38 51 64 65 55 S4
53
38 51 64 ., ss
l9 27 6, " ,,64
38 64 65 314,
4
39 64 sf
5I
61 53
64 64
64 >
61
60
1 1 400
925 to 950F 1000tol022F o
1 +A 1 a
(496 to 510 C) (538 to 550 C)
50
// // A
/ s sI
// /s z
/ / - 300 S
/ / tr1
.- to / _ / in a
/ a
f
(A
J//
a
"5
7
a
o 3 CO
"O H
// / /
30
a 200-5; H
o / N a> M
3 f
TJ CO
"3!
<D //
/>
/A
- ,'
/ '> n
20 r-fy / V
0- '
// A
o
AV -- 100
** V <> lh
10 .A 10 or 12 h
'''% > G 100h
l,000h
-v 10,000h
V
20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80
Annealed 2% Cr - 1 Mo steel
o
Numbers Below Correspond to Material Numbers
50 >
3
o
}
300
^
CO
40 40 SJ
M
62- -66 CO
CO
I
50
M
0 F
1
57

6
J
>
A
' / *5 ..
30 -> -* 30
> & o
\ |66 * 66 / \ H3200 A
A 200 2
\ 1
% /
r

\ O 1
62 1 \ & V

o "5 >
7
o
3 t 66 3
o
20 ' > S 20
1
J
'V 3s>
V
DC
;46
s
1
66|
c66 1
t 100 # * - 100
*
o Zero time
10 10 A 1 h
g
10 h >
v 100 h F
900 to 950 F r
* 1000 h o
!
(482 to 510 C) CO
450 500 C 550

0 I I o 0 1
500 800 900 1000 0.2 0.4
Temperature,F Strain, %
Cr-Mo-V Steels
(Including Mo-V Steels)
Data have been roughly arranged in order of increasing vanadium content, with Mo-V steels listed
before those containing chromium. Most apparent deliberate composition modifications are tabulated in
the next chapter; attention is called to the presence of small amounts of some alloying elements other than
Cr, Mo, and V by a notation in the left margin.
Listings for an identical composition with different heat treatments or testing procedures follow one
another, to facilitate comparisons.
A separate plot ( P. 198) covers the limited data for Mo-V steels.
As had been noted in ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 187, relaxation strengths of the Cr-
Mo-V steels in the normalized + tempered or the quenched + tempered condition are strongly dependent on
the austenitizing temperature employed in the heat treatment. A plot on page 199 of the 1000-hour residual
stress at about 1000 deg. F for an initial stress in the range from 30 to 40 ksi shows no large difference
between these two heat-treatment types. The increase in strength with austenitizing temperature is more
strongly evident. This effect of heat-treatment temperatures obviously contributes to scatter in the re-
maining graphical presentations, but separate graphs for each austenitizing temperature appeared not to
be feasible.
Results for quenched + tempered specimens have been shown separately from those for other heat
treatments. Plots included have been limited to representative conditions at which sufficient data points
were available to reasonably indicate trends. Approximate curves or scatter bands seemed inappropriate
in most instances, and have been omitted entirely.
Plots included cover the following:

Residual stress after 1, 10, 100, and 1000 hours vs. test temperature, for 0.15 to 0.25%
total strain.
Quenched + Tempered: PP. 200, 201.
Normalized + Tempered; After service; Heat treatment not reported: PP. 202, 203.
Residual stress at 1 h and at 1000 h vs. initial stress, for selected test temperatures.
Quenched + Tempered: PP. 204, 205.
Normalized + Tempered: PP. 206, 207.
Results listed under Material No. 91 represent a unique situation where relaxation tests on a single
lot of steel have been conducted by fifteen different laboratories. Only the ranges of test results have been
shown graphically.
Notations in the margins of the tabulated data call attention to tests on bolts, materials tested after
long-time service, steels which had received various degrees of cold strain prior to testing ( Materials
19 and 85), comparison of relaxation data for bolts and for a ring in bending ( Materials 17 and 18), and
tests on the same material as a casting and as a forging. These features and results for numerous tests
at singular conditions are generally not a part of the graphical presentations.
One additional Cr-Mo-V steel ( Modified H-ll steel ) has been included as Material No. 1 in the
section on Ultrahigh Strength Steels, pp. 249-256.
137
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q u
t GO
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. = <*

>._ E
El
V -a
5
0> * Z
S
-* 2
S 8af
Mn Ni Mo
O
Mo-V 0.39 0.70 0.26 0.06 0.45 0.21 Room 123.9 101.9 20. 58. Charpy Impact 27 ft. lb. ( 37 Joules). O
854.3 702.6 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 900 F
(482 C); 29 ksl ( 200 MN/ m2 ). F
115 0.215 0.55 0.24 0.13
>
Mo-V 0.28 0.53 0.25 0.026 0.037 Room 91. Hardness, BHN 290.
627. 5
o
*i
Mo-V 100 0.16 0.46 0.22 0.22 0.39 0.52 0.27 0.009 0.015 68 97.2 *80.4 80.4 29. 74 Hardness, DPN (30 kg load) : 214 H
JO
20 670.2 554. 554. Izod Impact at room temperature, 116 M
CO
932 68.5 *38.8 53.3 36. 78. ft. lb. ( 157 Joules ). co

500 472.3 267.5 367.5 W
M
F
1022 61.5 *31.3 48.0 28. 80. >
550 424.0 215.8 330.9
1112 56.4 *19.7 41.4 37.
600 338.9 135.8 285.4
B4.
s
>
M
O
Mo-V 0.29 0.86 0.20 0.27 0.20 1.34 0.28 Room 137. 118. 15. 34. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at M
945. 814. 1050 F ( 566 C ): 11 ksi (76 MN/ m2 ).
>
F
F
O
CO
* 0. 01% offset Y. S.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
V form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3 u
106 psi
C
>
degF
MN/m2
degC
3
Si Heat treatment
(0
TO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h w
m
S
CO
1 H 1742 F (950 C), oil quenched; 900 27.5 0.2 45.0 36 30 (22. 5) 2740
1250 F (677C), 4 h. 482 189.6 310.3 248 207 (155)
2 115 Bars, rough machined to 9/16 In. 1220 0.153 28.75 17.6 11.1 6.9 49 Tested in nitrogen atmosphere.
(14 mm) dia. before normalizing. 660 198.2 121.3 76.5 47.6 Initial strain corresponds to a
1740 F (950 C), air cooled; stress of 28. 45 ksi (196.1 MN/m2 )
1220 F (660 C), 6 h. at room temperature.
3 100 Electric arc furnace. 950 0.15 30.9 25.9 21.5 (13.2) Residual stresses have been
Bars 2 and 4 in. ( 50 and 100 mm), 510 213.0 178.6 148.2 (91. 0) scaled from the published plot.
forged from shaft end of a rotor
forging. 977 0.15 28.8 24.1 19.2 12.5
1697 F (925 C), oil quenched; 525 198.6 166.2 132.4 86.2 o
1247 (675 C), 2 h. 1022 23.6 0.15 20.2 13.5
550 162.7 139.3 93.1 o
1022 0.15 23.3 18.3 11.9 6.9
550 160.6 126.2 82.0 47.6
1022 0.15 25.1 20.8 12.2
3a
550 173.1 143.4 84.1 M1
t-
03
1112 22.9 0.15 17.2 11.5
600 157.9 118.6 79.3
1112 0.15 15.7 9.7
600 108.2 66.9
4 N Forging, 16 in. ( 400 mm). 1050 25.0 13.1 (12.8) 650 Grain size 7.
1830 F (1000 C), fan cooled; 566 172.4 90.3 (88.3) Hardness 248 BHN
1150 F (620 C), 143 h.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1050 25.0 15.8 (14.9) 269

566 172.4 108.9 [102.7)
Cr -Mo-V Steels
Chemical composition, % by wt. b - E

s ^
E >._ E
EX.' ol v> -^. o
-* z
Ia s
a -* Z
=5 2 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Sn
O
Mo-V 100 0.19 0.86 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.66 0.35 0.033 0.033 68 90.0 *58. 6 59. 22. 45. Izod impact at 68 F (20 C): 5 ft. lb. (6.8 O
20 620.5 404. 409. Joules).
392 82.8 *46.1 49.2 22. 51. Hardness, DPN ( 30 kg load): 184 r
200 570.9 317.8 339.2 >
100,000-h rupture strength:
752 80.8 *31.7| 45.7 23. 40. 14.7ksl (101 MN/ m2 ) at 932 F(500C) 5
S!
400 557.1 218.6 315.1 4. 5ksi(31 MN/mJ ) at 1022 F (550C)
O
*f
932 66.3 *29. 5 42.9 28. 63. CO
500 457.1 203.4 295.8 H
SO
1022 W
61.7 *28. 0 42.8 27. 60. CO
550 425.4 193. 295.1 CO

SO
1112 44.6 *19.3 29.2 37. 78. M
600 307.5 113. 201.3 C
>
121 0.115 1.16 0.15 0.77 0.10 0.66 0.07 0.023 0.033
3
+ Cu,Sn 0.155 1.36 0.21 0.605 0.20 0.26 0.095 0.18 0.018 0.021 0.026 Room 93.4 73.
644. 503.
0.16 1.32 0.19 0.61 0.22 0.27 0.08 0.09 0.010 0.021 0.023 Room 93.8 75. >
647. 517.
O
so
M
o
M
>
o
CO
0. 01% Offset Y. S.
Residual stress,
8."- " o o. . MN/m2
Heat treatment o?0 strain,
la ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/mz h h h h MN/m:
100 Slab, 4 ft. x 1. 5 ft. x 3. 5 In. thick 977 0.15 22.7 20.6 16.0 (8.7) Residual stresses have been
(1.2 m x 0. 5 m x 89 mm), cast 525 156.5 142. 110.3 (60.) scaled from a published plot.
with 4-ft length vertical. 1022 22.8 0.15 20.7 16.7 10.8
550 157. 143. 115. 74.5
1650 to 1740 F ( 900 to 950 C),
air cooled; 1112 20.6 0.15 12.3 6.7
1255 to 1290 F ( 680 to 700 C), 4 h. 142. 84.8 46.2
12h
121 Plate, 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1112 0.15 16.9 12.1 7.6to 72 Specimens were from the 1/4-
to 24.1 to 15.7 10.7 thickness position of the plate.
1615 F (880 C), quenched; 600 117 to 83 to 52 to
1275 F(690 C), tempered. 166 108 74 o
BS 1501-271 (Ducol W30, Gr. A). 1022 0.15 29.6 23.9 19.9 12 Values for two heats.
Basic open hearth. 550 204. 165. 137. Data have been scaled from a plot o
Plates, 2.75 and 2.375 in. (70 and 1022 0.15 28.7 23.1 19.0 12
60 mm) thick. 550 198. 159. 131.
3w
1740 F ( 950 C), normalized; 1067 0.15 26.8 21.2 16.2 12 w
1200 F ( 650 C), tempered. 575 185 146. 112.
CO
1067 0.15 26.8 20.3 15.5 12

575 185. 140. 107.
1112 0.15 26.4 18.5 12.5 12
600 182. 127.5 86.
1112 0.15 24.2 17.9 11.7 12
600 167. 123.5 81.
1157 0.15 23.35 15.1 9.0 12
625 161 104. 62.
1157 0.15 21.5 14.2 8.2 12
625 148. 98. 56.5
1202 0.15 20.6 11.2 5.8 12
650 142. 77. 40.
1202 0.15 17.0 10.3 5.2 12
650 117 71. 36.
Ranges for five tests.
Cr -Mo -V Steels
o
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
E
MN/m2
0)
Chemical composition, % by wt. u
CO
MN/m2
3 u
deg F
degC
C u >._ E a
*zs
ksi
g
3
>*o
ksi
8
to d ac
sn
D
CO _o CD
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S UJ tr
o
8 121 0.13 1.20 0.13 0.80 0.32 0.37 0.095 0.013 0.028 o
>
9 75 0.01 1.3 0.5 0.10 0.35 wt.% VC + M'M"C carbides. S
o
10 F 0.42 0.61 0.26 1.62 0.43 0.14 Room 144. '119.4 20. 59 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at m
H
993. 823. 1000 F (538 C): 16 ksi (110 MN/m' ). W
a
m
en
i
11 74 0.062 0.51 0.2 2.05 0.66 0.15 0.025 0.009 Room 87.5 68. VC, M7C3, M'M"C carbides.
0.030 0.018 603. 471. Hardness 114 Vickers.
a
0.66 0.3
>
O
12 75 0.06 2.05 0.66 0.15 0. 60 wt. % M7C3 + M,3C6 + VC carbides.
13 74 0.04 0.51 0.2 1.14 0.58 0.16 0.025 0.009 Room 94.6 78. VC and M'M"C carbides. >
0.06 0.66 0.3 0.030 0.018 652. 539. Hardness 117 Vickers.
M
O
14 74 0.04 0.51 0.2 4.87 0.68 0.17 0.025 0.009 Room 84.6 64. VC, M7C3, MC4 carbides.
0.06 0.66 0.3 0.030 0.018 583.5 441. Hardness 113 Vickers.
a
a
>
15 75 0.04 4.9 0.7 0.17 0.85 wt.% M7C3 + M,3C6 carbides. c
f
o
03
16 74 0.04 0.51 0.2 2.63 0.65 0.19 0.025 0.009 Room 84.6 65. VC, M7C3 , M'M"C carbides.
0.06 0.66 <T3 0.030 0.018 583.5 446. Hardness 112 Vickers.
*0.1% Offset Y. S.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
form and size, history of material. ksi n
GN/m2
106 psi
3 0
C
degF
MN/m2
degC
."2
3
Si Heat treatment u
V re ksi 1 10 100
re re % 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
5
CO
O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
8 121 Plate, 1. 5 in. (38 mm) thick. 1112 0.15 22.4 *16.1 12.1 72
600 154.5 111. 83.4
1615 F (880 C), quenched; 1202 0.15 17.9 *11.0 5.6 72
1275 F (690 C), tempered 650 123.4 75.8 38.6
9 75 Annealed 1740 F ( 950 C) 1022 35.6 14.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 101.
10 F 2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm). 1000 23.0 30.0 17.5 (11.5) 2760

1675 F (915 C), air cooled; 538 159. 206.8 121. (79.3)
1200 F ( 650 C), tempered.
11 74 1920 to 2010 F (1050 to 1100 C), 977 35.6 17.4 2000 Oding ring method; bending. o
air cooled; 525 245.2 120.
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C). 1049 35.6 12.4 2000 o
565 245.2 85.
12 75 Annealed 1740 F (950 C) 1022 35.6 11.2 2000 Oding ring method; bending. S3
550 245.2 77.5 a
w
f
13 74 1920 to 2010 F (1050 to 1100 C), 977 35.6 28.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending. CO
air cooled; 525 245.2 198.

Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C ). 1049 35.6 26.7 2000
565 245.2 184.
14 74 1920 to 2010 F (1050 to 1100 C ), 977 35.6 10.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
air cooled; 525 245.2 73.5
Tempered 1290 F (700 C ).
1049 35.6 7.4 2000
565 245.2 51.0
15 75 Annealed 1740 F (950 C ). 1022 36.5 7.3 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 50.0
air cooled; 525 245.2 106.
Tempered 1290 F (700 C). 1049 35.6 11.1 2000
565 245.2 76.5
* 12 h.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
1-
E ^p
5^
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO M
MN/m2
V
3 u
MN/m2
>._ E
degF
degC
C C
o
ksi
3
ksi
vP "> ^
8
s 3.
_oc 6
s
CD
O
CO
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S UJ tr
o
17 90 0.22 0.57 0.31 1.33 0.21 0.59 0.19 0.009 0.007 68 112. 77. 22. 64 o
20 775. 530.
>
H
3z,
o
CO
W
co
18 90 0.26 0.54 0.29 1.21 0.03 0.60 0.20 0.013 0.017 68 129. 111. 16. 57. co

20 892. 765.
M
>
O
z
19 61 0.13 0.52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013 Room 89.4 75.2 24. 75. Ferrite + spheroidized pearlite.
616. 518.
>
20 61 0.13 0.52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013

>1
t-
c
21 61 0.13 0.52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013
s
co
22 61 0.13 0.52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final
GN/m2
106 psi
3 O
C
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is S strain, stress, time, o
Heat treatment
<5 co
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
sen
V>
CD
17 90 932 35.56 21.8 15.8 5000 Bolts, 15 mm (0. 6 in.) dia. x 180
500 245.2 150. 109. mm (7.1 in.) total length, in a
block of the same steel, simulating
932 21.34 12.2 11.0 5000
a bolted connection.
500 147.1 84. 75.5
932 35. 56 28.2 25.0 5000 Rings of uniform cross section;

500 245.2 194. 173. bending.
Bolts
vs. 932 21.34 16.1 14.2 5000
Data have been scaled from a plot.
500 147.1 111. 98.
Ring
Tests 18 90 1022 37.41 16.6 9.1 5000 Bolts, 37 mm (1. 5 in.) dia. x 417
550 257.9 115. 63. mm (16. 4 in.) total length, in a o
block of the same steel, simulating
a bolted connection. o
1022 36.0 18.5 8.4 5000 Rings of uniform cross section;
550 248. 127.5 58. bending.
M
19 61 Soviet steel type "12CrlMoV". 1040 21.3 17.9 13.2 11.2 400 Specimens 175 x 25 x 2 mm ( 6. 9 M
Pipe, 14. 8 in. (377 mm) dia. x 560 146.9 123. 91.0 77.2 x 1 x 0.08 in.) tested in bending, r
CO
0. 8 in. (20 mm) wall thickness. using IR-4N apparatus.
1040 17.1 13.9 12.2 9.3 400
560 117.9 95.8 84.1 64.1
Normalized 1760-1795 F (960-980 C) Residual stresses have been
Tempered 1365-1400 F (740-760 C). 1040 12.8 9.3 6.8 5.7 400 scaled from a small published
560 88.3 64.1 46.9 39.3 plot.
1040 8.5 6.6 5.7 3.9 400

560 58.6 45.5 39.3 26.9
20 61 Material 19, prestrained to 7% 1040 8.5 3.9 2.8 2.1 400 Same as for Material 19.
plastic tensile strain. 560 58.6 26.9 19.3 14.5
Cold 21 61 Material 19, prestrained to 11% Same as for Material 19.

Worked plastic tensile strain. 1040 12.8 5.0 2.6 2.0 400
560 88.3 34.5 17.9 13.8
Cr -Mo -V Steels
Q
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o c ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
S 03
'I
to
a -a <> -* Z
o *
s Mn Cr Ni Mo
"23 61 0.13 0.52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013 O
O
24 90 [0.24 1.35 0.55 0.2] Room 126.

873.
3
as
o
*f
02
H
JO
M
m
1
SO
M
IT1
>
>
3w
M
2!
O
3
25 90 to. 24 1.35 0.55 0.2] Room 109.5 >

755.0 r
r
o
m
1E Residual str ess.
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
CC
3 U
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
3
SI Heat treatment 'u
n
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h </m>
co
S Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
24 90 German DIN Steel 24CrMoV 5. 5. 662 43.0 41.1 39.4 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 296. 5 283. 272. determined using rings with
"Heat treated". uniform cross section.
662 35.7 34.4 33.2 2700
350 246.1 237. 229.
662 29.7 28.7 27.5 2700
3 50 204.8 198. 190.
842 43.7 36.8 34.7 2700
450 301.3 254. 239.
842 36.7 30.9 29.3 2700 o
450 253.0 213. 202.
932 42.5 32.9 26.7 2700
500 293.0 227. 184.
932 37.3 29.6 24.5 2700
500 257.2 204. 169. 3
M
932 28.9 23.8 20.0 2700 r
500 199.3 164. 138. CO
932 21.3 13.9 13.4

500 146.9 96. 92.
932 14.2 10.9 9.5
500 97.9 75. 65.5
932 11.4 8.7 6.7
500 78.6 60. 46.
25 90 German DIN Steel 24Cr Mo V 5. 5 662 43.5 41.3 40.0 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 299.9 285. 276. determined using rings with
662 37.0 35.3 34.2 2700
350 255.1 243. 236.
662 29.0 27.9 27.1 2700
350 199.9 192. 187.
(Concluded next page).
Cr -Mo -V Steels
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
*t
Tensile strength,
3?
3?
3
0) Chemical composition, % by wt. C/5
MN/m2
CO*"
MN/m2
a>
>._ E c
deg F
C
degC
g **-o
ksi
ksi
CO
!s
eu
Si
CO
S S ac 6
s
CO CO
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S LU
a>
a.
o
25 90 o
%
f
>
i-3
8
26 116 0.25 0.42 1.01 1.07 0.85 0.21 68 132. 121. *18 as
20 912- 834. o*1
932 ( 74.) ( 50.) CO
500 (510.) (343.) H
SO
W
W
CO
i
27 R 0.46 0.59 0.22 0.95 0.35 0.21 0.016 0.023 Room 156. 143. 27. 52. Hardness: BHN 341. S-
1076. 986. M
1000-h rupture strength at 1000 F (538 C): f
900 117. 95.5 15. 69. 45 ksi (310 MN/m2 ). >
482 807. 658.
1000 99.! 84. 14. 56. O
538 686. 579. z
28 R 0.44 0.60 0.22 0.94 0.34 0.21 0.018 0.022 Room 159.! 134. 19. 53. Hardness: BHN 331.
1100. 924. 1000-h rupture strengths: >
900F(482C): 78 ksi (538 MN/m2 )
900 118. 88. 15. 69. 1000F(538C): 45 ksi (310MN/m2 ). SO
482 814. 607.
W
1000
538
96.!
665.
84.
579.
14. 60. S
0.28 0.49 0.21 M
29 O 0.32 0.60 0.74 1.23 Hardness: BHN 311 to 331. M
>
f
30 H 0.46 D. 56 0.22 0.95 0.44 0.22 Room 192.8 164. 15. 55. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at f
1329. 1131. 932F(500C):27ksi (186 MN/m2 ). o
K!
CO
31 K 0.32 0.60 0.70 1.32 0.14 0.48 0.22 0.011 0.017 1100 80.6 71.6 25. 74. 1000-h rupture strength at 1100 F( 593 C ):
113 556 556. 494. 19 ksi ( 131 MN/m2 ).
*%/5D.
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ksi rey
GN/m2
O
106 psi
3 O
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3
strain, stress, stress, time, .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 Heat treatment u
0) re ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi
re % h (A
JS
25 90 ( Conclusion of test data.) 842 43.7 35.1 32.6 2700

450 301.3 242. 225.
842 36.0 29.9 27.8 2700
450 248.2 206.2 192.
842 29.9 25.1 23.2 2700
450 206.2 173. 160.
26 116 932 0.52 77.09 58.7 49.8 42.7 Automatic relaxation machine.
500 531.5 405. 343. 294. Data have been scaled from a plot.
27 R Crane "Templex", 3 in. (75 mm) dia 1000 25.0 0.18 30.0 13.1 9.2 6.4 Robinson step-down method. o
Hot rolled. 538 172.4 206.8 90.3 63. 44.
Commercial normalize [ About o
1725 F (940 C)];
Temper at 1200 F (650 C) min. ;
14 years service at 900 F (482 C)
nominal steam temperature. M
M
28 R Crane "Templex", Hot rolled. 900 26.7 0.18 40.0 (16.1) Robinson step-down method. CO
482 184. 275.8 (111.)
Commercial normalize [ About
1725 F (940 C)];
Temper at 1200 F (650 C ) min. ;
14 years service at 900 F (482 C )
nominal steam temperature.
29 O 1 in. ( 25 mm ) dia. 1050 22.4 0.16 28.0 16. 8.5 (4.0) 1215
1725 F ( 940 C ), air cooled; 566 154.4 193.1 110.3 58.6 (27.6)
1200 F ( 650 C ), tempered.
30 H 1 in. (25 mm ) dia. 932 27.0 0.2 28.4 (20.4) 2375

1740 F ( 950 C ), oil quenched; 500 186. 196. (141.)
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, furnace cool.
31 K Timken 17-22A(S), 1 in. (25 mm)dia 1100 20.8 64.0 38.5 26. (13.) 57
1725 F ( 940 C ), 1 h, air cooled; 593 143.4 441.3 265. 179. (90.)
113 1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h, air cooled.
Cr -Mo -V Steels
f CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. w
*= ._ E S .- E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

o * Z
=5 S o 2
a.
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn
O
0.115 0.51 0.19 0.41 0.08 0.52 0.25 0.10 0.015 0.024 0.019 Room 85.1 62.95 O
Nb: 0.001 587. 434.
0.105 0.44 0.13 0.385 0.12 0.54 0.205 0.13 0.018 0.017 0.024 Room 80.2 57.6
Nb: 0.001 553. 397. >
8
2!
o

W
CO
CO
I
SO
H
r
S
as
>
33 13 0.22 1.5 0.25 0.15 Room 130. 5) (116)

7T2"9" T78 0753 TT5U 900. ) (800)
932 91. ) (85. 5)
500 630. ) (590.)
M
>
34 90 0.25 0.54 0.22 1.20 0.13 0.64 0.22 0.009 0.010 68 111. 77. 21. 50. c
20 765. 530. o
09

Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final ore
09 form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C U
w
deg F
degC
a Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, o
to
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
(A
to n
32 4 Colmo 1000. 1022 0.15 29.6 27.7 25.4 12 Both or average results for two
Basic open hearth. 550 204. 191. 175. heats are listed, according to
Plates 2.12 and 1. 27 in. ( 54 and 1022 0.15 30.9 26.7 23.6 12 which was reported.
32 mm.) thick. 550 213. 184. 163.
Data have been scaled from a plot
1790 F (975 C), normalized; 1067 0.15 26.8 25.5 23.2 12 of residual stress vs. time.
1250 F(675 C), tempered. 575 185. 176. 160.
1067 0.15 29.6 22.6 20.2 12
575 204. 156. 139.
1112 0.15 26.0 23.2 20.2 12
600 179. 160. 139.
1112 0.15 26.8 21.0 17.4 12
600 185. 145. 120.
1157 0.15 24.65 19.7 16.25 12 o
625 170. 136. 112.
1202 0.15 23.8 17.55 13.05 12
650 164. 121. 90. H
M
M
1247 0.15 21.0 14.9 9.6 12 C
675 145. 103. 66.
33 13 Soviet alloy El 10 (25KhlMF) 932 43.5 17.4/ (11.6) "Typical values".

23.2
1690 F (920 C ), air cooled; 500 300. 120/ (80.)
1200 F (650 C), 2 h, tempered. 160
977 43.5 11.6/

13.0
525 300. 80/90
34 90 977 42.67 11.2 5000 Rings of uniform cross section;

525 294.2 77.5 bending.
977 35.56 8.5 5000 Data have been scaled from a plot.
525 245.2 59.
977 21.34 5.7 5000
525 147.1 39.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q
Proportional limit,
3E
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
^9
5^
3 Chemical composition, % by wl. ui N
MN/m2
CO
MN/m2
U
>._ E c
deg F
CD
C
degC
o
ksi
D
ksi
CO
Is 3 s
m 2 S>
C
o
s
CO
a
co
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P 1 s O
UJ
V
cn
35 F 0.38 0.58 0.21 0.96 0.16 0.35 0.23 Room 138.8 72.1 119.0 19. 54. Hardness: VPN 312. o
957.0 497. 820.5 o
%
r
II
36 F 0.38 0.58 0.21 0.96 0.16 0.35 0.23 Room 118.7 100.2 21. 62. >
H
818.4 691. O
o
*J
TO
>-3
3)
a
37 N 0.29 0.48 0.75 1.22 0.50 0.23 Room 143.5 87. 14. 56. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at TO
CO
989.4 600. 1000F(538C): 16. 6 ksi (114.5 MN/m' ). I
33
a
f
>
>
38 128 *[0. 22 1.5 0.25 0.151
[05 TTB fiT3~5" 0.30J
M
Room 136.7 109.2 18. 49. O

39 F 0.39 0.38 0.23 0.97 0.42 0.24 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
942.5 753. 850 F (454 C ): 27 ksi ( 186 MN/m2 ).
1
O
40 N 0.38 0.64 0.19 1.02 0.48 0.24 0.012 0.010 Room 144.9 100. 121. 18. 55. Hardness: RC 31. >
999.1 689. 834. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate: r
950F(510C) : 20 ksi ( 138 MN/m2 ). o
1000 F ( 538 C ) : 14. 5 ksi (100 MN/ m2). TO
41 N 0.38 0.64 0.19 1.02 0.48 0.24 0.012 0.010 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
850 F(454C):21ksi (145 MN/m2).
* Typical.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
106psi
c U
>
deg F
degC
S Heat treatment
to
en % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h iS
35 F 3/4 in. (19 mm), dia. ; Hot rolled. 1000 23.2 0.26 60.6 27.6 ( 20.) 216
1675 F ( 915 C ), air cooled; 538 160. 417.8 190. (138.)
1200 F ( 650 C ), drawn.
36 F 3/4 in. (19 mm ) dia. 930 24.0 30.0 18.6 (14.5 2880
1675 F ( 915 C ), air cooled; 499 165.5 206.8 128. (100.)
1300 F ( 705 C ), drawn.

499 206.8 136. (107. )
37 N 1725 F (940 C), 1 h, air cooled; 950 24.3 25.0 19. 18.5 17.5
1200 F (650 C), 2 h, furnace cooled. 510 165.5 172.4 131. 127.5 120.7 o
1000 21.6 25.0 16.8 (16.) (15.) 692
538 148.9 172.4 116. ;no.)
(103.) o
Same specimens, reloaded to 950 25.0 23.8 23.6 23.0

their same respective temperatures : 510 172.4 164.1 162.7 159.6 CO
H
1000 25.0 17.6 (17.2) (16.4)
M
671 H
538 172.4 121.4 (118.6) (113.)
38 72 Soviet steel El 10 (25Kh2MF). 932 35.6 28.5 25. 18.5

1830 F ( 1000 C ), air cooled; 500 245.2 196. 173. 127.5
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h.
39 F 7/8 in. (22 mm) dia. 750 25.4 50.0 ( 48.) (47.) 720
1675 F (915 C(, air cooled; 399 175.1 344.7 (331.) (324. )
1200 F (650 C), drawn. 850 24.8 30.0 25.5 (24.) 4200
454 171.0 206.8 176. (165.5)
40 N 1 in. (25 mm) dia. 950 23.7 45.0 25.7 19.7 (14. 8) 1300
1725 F (940 C), 1 h, air cooled; 510 163. 310.3 177. 136. [102.)
1200 F (650 C), 2 h, furnace cool.
1000 21.6 30.0 19.2 14.6 (10.0) 2376
538 149. 206.8 132. 101. (69.)
41 N 1 in. (25 mm). 950 23.7 30.0 (19.4) (16.0) 700

"As received". 510 1,63. 206.8 1134.) (110.)
Cr -Mo -V Steels
a
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
as
3 V Chemical composition, % by wt.
u S
MN/m2
MN/m2
C c
deg F
degC
3 g n
s
ksi
ksi
[5
&to ac O
s n o
Q C Mn Cr Mo V P S
o n
Si Ni UJ
42 0 0.29 0.46 0.75 1.22 0.54 0.24 Room 149.8 110. 127. 16. 56 Hardness: BHN 285.
o
o
1033. 758. 876. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at:
900 F (482 C ): 41 ksi ( 283 MN/m).
1000 F( 538C): 14 ksi ( 96.5 MN/m5 ).
s
o
en
H
a
M
43 R 0.31 0.57 0.68 1.23 0.23 0.53 0.24 0.017 0.015 Room 140. 125. 17. 49. Hardness: BHN 285. at
in
965. 862. i

44 35 0.45 0.55 0.60 1.26 0.29 0.52 0.24 1000 57.5 Elastic modulus at 70 F (21C ):
538 396. 30. 5 x 10* psl ( 210.3 GN/m' ). S
>
M
Cl
II
45 35 0.45 0.55 0.60 1.26 0.29 0.52 0.24
>
46 H 0.23 0.70 0.55 2.81 0.20 0.48 0.24 Room 133.2 101. 21. 68. Charpy impact at R. T. :34.3 ft. lb. (46. 5 r
918.4 696. f
Joules). o
Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate: !
CO
950 F(510C):12. 5 ksi (86 MN/m2).
1000 F( 538 C ): 5. 0 ksi ( 34. 5 MN/m' ).
47 75 0.01 11.0 0.65 0.25
0.68 wt.% MC6.
1E
Test temperature,
Re sidual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
a)
106 psi
3 CJ
C
degF
degC
3
strain, stress,
MN/m2 stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment o
a> ca
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s (0
a .2
CO
42 O 1 in. ( 25 mm) dia. 900 25. 0.18 40.85 27.15 19.75

1725 F (940C), air cooled; 482 172.4 281.6 187.2 136.2
1225 F (665 C), 6 h, air cooled.
1000 23.1 0.16 35.8 21.75 15.2
538 159.3 246.8 150.0 104.8
1000 0.16 35.65 18.1 12.9
538 245.8 124.8 88.9
1000 0.15 29.2 15.4 10.7
538 201.3 106.2 73.8
43 R Timken 17-22A. 900 0.18 40.0 33.6 22.5 Robinson step-down method.
2-3/8 in. (60 mm) dia., Hot rolled. 482 275.8 232. 155. Deformation monitored optically
Commercial normalize [ About using a telescope with a filar o
1000 0.18 30.0 10.6 micrometer eyepiece.
1725 F (940C)];
Tempered about 1200 F (650 C). 538 206.8 73. Specimen 0. 505 in. (13 mm) dia. o
44 35 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. 1000 22.5 40.0 35.5 29.6 24.3 15.8 Step-down tests with 1900 psi
538 155. 275.8 245. 204. 167.5 109. (13.1 MN/m2) stress decrements.
1725 F(940C), air cooled; 3H
1225 F (665 C), 6 h. 1000 40.0 38.5 35.2 31.3 26.4 3.7
M
538 275.8 265. 243. 216. 182. F
en
1000 40.0 38.5 36.7 33.9 28.0 7.75
538 275.8 265. 253. 234. 193.
1000 40.0 39.0 37.9 36.0 32.5 15.85
538 275.8 269. 261. 248. 224.
45 35 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. 1000 40.0 37.6 35.5 32.2 27.0 Test run in Barr and Bargett type
538 275.8 259. 245. 222. 186. apparatus.
1725 F (940C), air cooled;
1225 F (665 C), 6 h.
46 H 1650 F (900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 950 22.7 0.2 35.0 23.3 16.4 (6. 57) 2520
1200 F (650 C ), 4 h, furnace cool. 510 156.5 241.3 161. 113. (45. 3 )
1000 20.8 0.2 35.0 18.0 10.0 (1.47) 2706
538 143.4 241.3 124. 69. (10.1)
47 75 Annealed 1740 F(950C). 1022 36.5 16.8 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 116.
*Between 6.8 and 14.1 .
Cr -Mo-V Steels
Q
portional limit,
st temperature,
snsile strength,
2 35
E a> CO
3 Chemical composition, % by wl.
MN/m2
u Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
C >._ E c
deg F
degC
3 o
ksi
ksi
8 S
re 2 3.
c
o
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V C P S l-
ct LU cr
48
n
F 0.45 0.74 0.39 1.04 0.21 0.31 0.25 0.13 Room 142.5 114. 116.5 20. 54. Hardness: VPN 312. O
982.5 786. 803. 5
I*
r
>
H
S
z
o
CO
W
M
CO
CO
i

49 F 0.45 0.74 0.39 1.04 0.21 0.31 0.25 0.13
>
O
d
50 F 0.35 0.40 0.15 0.80 0.30 0.2 Room 145. 118. 20. 57. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate:
>
7JT50" TJ77U Oo" 1.10 0.40 TJT3 1000. 814. 850 F (454 C ): 26. 2 ksi (181 MN/m' ). >
930F(499C): 21.8 ksi (150 MN/m* ).
51 H 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 117. 95. 21. 61.
zO
Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
807. 655. 1000 F( 538 C): 11.8 ksi ( 81.4 MN/m*).
W
52 H 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 124. 107. 107. 21. 63. a
855. 738. 738.
>
r
53 H 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 130. 97. 102. 17. 54. o
K!
896. 669. 703. CQ
54 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 132. 102. 107. 19. 61.
910. 703. 738.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
106 psi
<L> CD
3
o
O
degF
degC
C
3
8 Heat treatment
% ksi 1 10 100
CO l
1000 10,000
s
CO <0
Q
MN/m2 h h h h h
ksi
MN/m2
h 2
LU
48 F 1-7/8 in. (48 mm) dia.,hot rolled. 1050 22.0 0.091 20.0 7.8 ( 3.6) 504
1675 F (915 C), air cooled; 566 151.7 137.9 54. (25. )
1200 F (650 C), drawn.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1050 20.0 9.0 5.0 ( 2.7) 2856

566 137.9 62. 34.5 (18.5)
Same specimen, reloaded: 1050 20.0 7.2 4.1 1104

566 137.9 50. 28.

566 137.9 45. (29. )
o
49 F 1-7/8 in. (48 mm) dia. , hot rolled. 1050 22.0 0.091 20.0 12.0 6.3 ( 3.0) 3576 5.6
1675 F (915 C), air cooled; 566 151.7 137.9 83. 38. (21. )
1200 F (650 C), drawn. o
Same specimen, reloaded: 1050 0.027 6.0 4.9 4.2 ( 3.5) 2352 5.6 to
566 41.4 34. 29. 24. )
M
W
50 F 1675 F (915 C), air cooled; 850 26.5 30.0 25.9 (23. 5) CQ
1200 F (650 C), drawn. 454 182.7 206.8 179. (162.)
930 25.5 28.0 20.5 17.0
499 175.8 193.1 141. 117.
51 H 4.3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 22.5 0.2 36.0 26. 15. I 8.2) 2175 "Flow-rate" tests, with stress
1742 F (950 C), 4 h, air cooled; 538 155. 248.2 179. 103. (56. 5) decrements of 1 to 5 ksi ( 7 to
1290 F (700 C), 5 h, air cooled. 35 MN/ m2).
52 H 4.3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 23.1 0.2 36.0 23. 14. : 7.2) 2175 "Flow-rate" tests, with stress
1740 F (950 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 159. 248.2 159. 96.5 (49.6) decrements of 1 to 5 ksi ( 7 to
1290 F (700 C), 5 h, furnace cool. 35 MN/ m2).
53 H 4.3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 23.2 0.2 37. 32. 24. : i6.) 2175 "Flow-rate" test.
1920 F (1050C), 4 h, air cooled; 538 160. 255.1 221. 165.5 :no.)
54 H 4.3 in. (110 mm) dia. 900 22.0 0.2 42.0 36. 33.5 : 30.) 3025 "Flow-rate" tests.
1920 F (1050 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 482 152. 289.6 248. 231. !207.)
1290 F (700 C), 10 h, furnace cool. 1000 20.4 0.2 34.0 30. 22. : 15.3 2180
538 141. 234.4 207. 152. (105.5
Cr -Mo -V Steels
i 1
Q
3?
E 0) 2
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. ffi CM CO M
1 u. u fc. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
CD
O E S ._ E >._ E
C c O)
i 2> > * -a
a-* z o
3
a
O w --.
g -o -o a * Z r *!
CO
Sc s oQ. 2 ac o
t
V CD
o
s
(0 co o
ri
O w
D C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S <D
r-
H UJ cr
o
55 H 0.44 0.55 0.27 0.95 0.55 0.25 Room 139. 113.9 18. 59. Hardness: RB 102. o
958. 785. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate:
900F(482C):31ksl( 214 MN/m' ). t-<
1000F(538C):8ksi ( 55 MN/m5). >
56 U 0.45 0.54 0.30 0.83 0.20 0.54 0.25 0.016 0.012 Room 130. 109. 20. 61.
32!
896. 752. O
*i
CO
H
JO
M
co
57 100 0.22 0.55 0.23 0.92 0.08 0.73 0.25 0.009 0.014 Room 121.2 * 104.9 23. 68. Izod impact 112 ft. lb. ( 152 Joules). co
i
836. 723. ffl
M
F
>
S
2!
>
A
0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 108. 83. 17. 48. Grain size 8. 2
58 42 0.34
745. 572. 3w
1050 65. <-45. 35. 83. M
566 448. 310.
59 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 132. ^91.5 7. 8. Grain size 8.4 a
910. 631. >
1050 61. ^35. 37. 82.
566 421. 241. o
!
CO
60 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 115.5 83.5 16. 35. Grain size 8. 6
796. 576.
1050 56.5 32. 49. 85.
566 390. 221.
*0.1% Offset Y.S. *0. 02% Offset Y.S.
iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,

3
in
Initial
Residual stress.
Finsl
o
u
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ (M
ksi
tempera
3 0)
u O Q. C
J
C
deg F
degC
3 B
% z MN/m2 .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment o?0 strain. stress, stress. time. u
ra (0
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
s
vt CO
Q r- UJ MiM/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
55 H 1-1/8 in. (29 mm) dia. 900 27.4 0.2 45.0 37. 32. ( 26.) 3291
1655 F ( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 482 189. 310.3 255. 221. (179.)
1250 F ( 675 C ), 4 h, air cooled.
1000 22.9 0.2 42.0 21.5 12.6 ( 4.9) 3452
538 158. 289.6 148. 87. (34. )
56 U 3.09 in. (78. 5 mm) dia. 1000 21.6 0.15 27. 14. 9. ( 2.8) 3718
1750 F (955 C ), oil quenched; 538 149. 186.2 96.5 62. (19. )
1240 F (670C), 6 h;
1140 F(615C), 4 h.
1050 19.4 0.136 23. 10. 6. ( 1.6) 2344
566 134. 158.6 69. 41. (11. )
57 100 2 in. ( 50 mm ) dia. bar. 977 21.5 0.15 38.30 34.8 32.0 29.1 22.6 14.1
1740 F (950 C ), oil quenched; 525 148. 264.1 240. 321. 201. 156. 97. o
1290 F (700 C), 4 h.
1022 21.1 0.15 34.96 31.4 28.2 23.1 15.7 7.8
550 145.5 241.0 216.5 194. 159. 108. 54. o
1112 0.15 31.80 24.5 19.8 13.0 ( 6.7)
600 219.3 169. 136.5 90. (46. )
W
1184 0.15 24.55 17.4 12.1 6.4 M
640 169.3 120. 83.5 44.
58 42 Prolongation of turbine-rotor 1050 0.3 46.5 29.5 22.7 16.4 Automatic relaxation machine.
forging. 566 320.6 203. 156.5 113. Results have been scaled from a
1750 F (955 C), 14 h, fast air cool; published plot.
1100 F (595 C), 8 h; 1200 F (650C;
18 h, air cool; Laboratory reheat of
test segment an additional 10 h at
1310 F(710C).
59 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 50.8 34.4 26.5 16.2 ( 6.0) Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F(955 C), 1 h, simulated 566 350.3 237. 183. 112. (41. ) Results have been scaled from a
rotor cool; published plot.
1275 F(690C), 1.75 h, air cooled.
60 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 38.4 22.7 17.6 11.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F (955 C), 1 h, simulated 566 264.8 156.5 121. 81.4 Results have been scaled from a
1300 F (705 C), 6 h, air cooled.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
0
8 1
B se
E
D CD
O Chemical composition, % by wt. a> Li- O
CO N <0
C
9- Ol a S .- E > E
g
s
3 ut v> .
."2 | 0 * z fc * z
co
c 0 *
c
s
0.
(D V 0
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S 1- CL
0
LXJ
n
61 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 142. 98. 12. 17. Grain size 5. 0 o
979. 676.
1050 85. 58.5 24. 70.
566 586. 403. >
H
62 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 139. 112. 3. 5. Grain size 5. 5 O
Z
958. 772. O
*J
1050 83.5 57.5 6. 48. co
566 576. 396. H
W
M
CO
63 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1.28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 123. 90. 15. 35. Grain size 4. 5 CO

848. 621.
M
1050 66. 44. 28. 79. >
455. 303.
64 O 0.42 0.58 0.62 1.29 0.31 0.52 0.25 Room 150to 125to 139to 14 to 47 to Hardness: BHN 285 to 302.
159 128 141 16 48 O
z
1034- 862 to 958 to
1096 883 972
0.58 0.62 1.29
>
65 O 0.42 0.31 0.52 0.25 Room 133 to lOOto llOto 16to 54 to Hardness: BHN 302.
137 105 115 18 56 3
917 to 689 to 758 to w
946 724 793 z
o
w
66 O 0.42 0.58 0.62 1.29 0.31 0.52 0.25
z
o
>1
tr1
r
s
CO
67 H 0.45 0.61 0.32 0.99 0.35 0.26 Room 131.9 95. 21. 56. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
909. 655. 950 F(510C): 22. 5 ksi (155 MN/m3 ).
1E
temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, _3 Residual stress, 6
Ini tial Final u
3 O
form and size, history of material. ksi to
C
>
degF
degC
IS a Heat treatment 0 0 strain. stress. stress. time, '0
10 J2 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m

S Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
61 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 58.7 41.7 34.5 27.1 17.6 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F (955 C ), 1 h, simulated 566 404.7 287.5 238. 187. 121. Results have been scaled from a
1300 F (705 C ), 2. 5 h, air cooled.
62 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 55.3 43.3 36.1 29.3 ( 20.5 I Automatic relaxation machine.
1850 F (1010 C), 20 h, simulated 566 381.3 298.5 249. 202. (141. ) Results have been scaled from a
1150 F (620 C), 75 h;
63 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 45.1 30.5 24.4 16.3 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F(955 C), 1 h, simulated 566 311.0 210. 168. 112. Results have been scaled from a n
1300 F (705 C ), 8.5 h, air cooled.
o
64 O 4 in. (102 mm) dia. bolt. 950 22. 0.18 44.0 29.5 24.6 (19.5) 1460
510 151.7 303.4 203.4 169.6 (134.4 CO
1725 F (940 C), air cooled; 950 0.18 40.7 30.0 25.9 (21.5) 1430
1250 F (675 C), air cooled. H
510 280.6 206.8 178.6 (148.) W
F
CO
65 O 6 in. (152 mm) dia. bolt. 950 0.18 36.7 26.33 22.93 (20.0) 1390
1725 F (940C), air cooled; 510 253. 181.5 158.1 (138.)
1250 F (675 C), 6 h, air cooled.
Same specimen, reloaded: 950 38.7 30.65 27.88 (22.15 1392

510 266.8 211.3 192.2 (152.7
66 0 6 in. (152 mm) dia. bolt with 950 0.18 44.0 32.1 28.2 ( 24.3 1395
1.25 in. (32 mm) dia. axial hole. 510 303.4 221.3 194.4 (167.5
1725 F (940 C), 1 h, air cooled;
1250 F (675 C), 6 h, air cooled. 950 0.18 39.2 27.95 24.6 (20.0) 1390
510 270.3 192.7 169.6 (138.)
950 0.13 29.3 23.6 21.1 (18.75 1435
510 202.0 162.7 145.5 (129.3
67 H 4 in. (100 mm) dia. 950 27.8 0.2 29. ( 17.) 2503
1650 F (900 C), 8 h, oil quenched; 510 192. 200. (117.)
Cr - Mo -V Steels

Chemical composition, % by wt. S .- E S ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o -
a> * Z
5 S o *
Mn Cr Ni Mo
0.46 0.58 0.65 1.28 0.17 0.47 0.26 0.014 0.017 Room 147.5 127. 16. 46. Hardness: BHN 285. 8
1017. 876. Rupture strengths at 1000 F (538 C):
lOOh: 60ksl ( 414 MN/nu ).
F
lOOOh: 30ksi ( 207 MN/m'). >
s2!
O
69 28 [0.39 0.50 0.20 1.28 0.65 0.26] Room 143.8 121. 135. 25. 64 Izod impact strengths:
991.5 834. 931. Room temp. : 75 ft. lb. (102 Joules)

900 106.5 35. 1*81.6 27. 73.
900 F: 38 ft. lb. (51. 5 Joules) w
950 F: 41 ft. lb. ( 56 Joules) w
482 734.3 241. 563. w
I
1000 F: 32 ft. lb. (43 Joules).
950 100.5 22. ^73.2 29. 76. M
510 692.9 152. 505. F
>
1000 92.5 20.5 *62.7 33. 79.
538 637.8 141. 432.
5S
70 M 0.39 0.50 0.20 1.28 0.65 0.26 0.018 0.026 Room 113. 24. 66. Hardness: BHN 270.
779.
>
71 0.45 0.57 0.34 0.95 0.51 0.27 0.018 0.015 Room 168.2 128. 20. 49. Charpy V-notch impact: 34 ft. lb.(46 Joules|)
1160. 883. 1000-h Rupture strengths:
900F(482C): 93 ksi (641 MN/m1).
1000F(538C): 48 ksi (331 MN/m1). M
O
>
F
72 0.45 0.57 0.34 0.95 0.51 0.27 0.018 0.015 Room 144. 112. 20. 54. Charpy V-notch impact: 19 ft. lb. (26 Joules F
993. 772. O
!
CO
Typical analysis. *0.1% Offset Y. S.

3
in
J3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final 2
w
u form and size, history of material. CO 3 .N

ksi re
O D. ,
C
MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 stress.
8 Heat treatment JBcoo
-o -5 o CD strain. stress, time.
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000
10,000 ksi _re
co re h
s
V)
D O
1- uu MN/mz h h h h h
MN/m2 UJ
68 R Crane "Templex". Hot-rolled bar 900 25.0 0.15 30.12 26.3 24.1 22.1 (20.2) 21.125 3269 Robinson step-down method.
1. 5 in. (38 mm) dia. 482 172. 207.7 181. 166. 152. (139.) 145.7
Commercial normalize at about
1000 24.0 0.15 26.62 20.1 15.1 11.3 ( 8.5) 9.875 3001
After 1725 F (940C);
Tempered 1200 F (650 C ) min.; 538 165.5 183.6 138.5 104. 78. (59. ) 68.
Service
14 years service at 950 F ( 510 C)
69 28 "Durehete 950". Forged bar, 900 25.8 31.36 29.1 27.4 24.6 20.6
1-1/8 in. (29 mm) dia. 482 178. 216.2 201. 189. 170. 142.
950 25.3 31.36 28.7 26.1 21.6 17.8
1740 F (950 C ), oil quenched;
1275 F (690 C), 2 h, air cooled. 510 174. 216.2 198. 180. 149. 123.
a
1000 24.9 31.36 27.3 21.3 15.3 10.0
538 172. 216.2 188. 147. 105.5 69. 3,
o
1050 31.36 23.6 16.7 7.4 4.7
566 216.2 163. 115. 51. 32.4
70 M "Durehete 950". Forged bar, 950 31.36 29.1 26.9 23.5 18.1 11.6 5000 See also Ref. 126. M
4. 75 in. (121 mm) dia. 510 216.2 201. 185. 162. 125. 80. W
F
1740 F(950C), air cooled;
1740 F (950 C ), oil quenched;
1275 F (690 C ), 2 h, oil quenched.
71 U 1.12 in. (28. 5 mm) dia. 900 28.2 0.2 45. 43.5 37.0 (28.7) 2679
1830 F (1000 C), air cooled; 482 194.4 310.3 300. 255. (198.)
1775 F (970 C), 2 h, air cooled; 1000 24.5 0.2 40. 28.5 19.0 (11.0) 2662
1150 F (620 C), 4 h, furnace cool. 538 169. 275.8 196.5 131. (76. )
1000 21.8 0.2 38. 26.5 20.5 (11.5) 2748
538 150.3 262.0 183. 141. (79. )
72 U 1.12 in. (28.5 mm) dia. 1000 21.8 0.2 38.0 26. 18. (10. 5) 1700
1830 F (1000 C ), air cooled; 538 150.3 262.0 179. 124. (72. )
1795 F (980 C ), 2 h, air cooled;
1250 F (675 C), 4h, furnace cool.
Cr -Mo -V Steels
2
Chemical composition, % by wt. a u- i * .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._
E -8 . fc * z
o ^ 2 2
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
99 0.47 0.61 0.90 0.48 0.27 0.015 0.009 O
3
>-*
r
>
3
o
H
SO
M
co
co

s
1-3
|-3
>
M
M
M
SB
>
f
f
o
<
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
a) form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
j
106 psi
3
C u
>-
deg F
degC
strain, stress, stress, time, ]o
SI Heat treatment
a> n
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h vt
m
73 99 1705 F (930 C), oil quenched; 842 23.9 0.114 27.17 25.9 24.3 22.6 98.6 750 Automatic relaxation machine.
1290 F (700 C), air cooled. 450 164.8 187.3 178.5 168. 156. 140. Results have been scaled from a
842 24.9 0.150 36.27 34.6 32.7 30.3 27.5 published plot.
450 171.6 250.1 238. 226. 209. 189.
842 24.6 0.154 37.98 37.3 34.8 32.0 28.4 450
450 169.7 261.8 257. 240. 221. 196.
842 25.5 0.188 46.23 43.7 39.8 35.1 31.7
450 175.5 318.7 301. 275. 242. 219.
887 23.0 0.120 28.45 26.7 24.9 22.6 21.3 360
475 158.9 196.1 184. 172. 156. 147.
n
887 23.5 0.154 36.27 34.3 31.0 26.6 22.9 500
475 161.8 250.1 236. 214. 183. 158.
887 25.6 0.184 46.23 40.5 35.4 29.7 23.0
475 176.5 318.7 279.5 244. 205. 159.
932 24.9 0.061 14.22 13.2 12.2 10.8 9.1 3M
500 171.6 98.07 91. 84. 74.5 63. M
F
932 22.0 0.104 22.62 19.2 19.2 17.1 13.8
500 152.0 155.9 132. 132. 118. 95.
932 21.05 0.120 28.45 26.0 22.6 19.1 13.8
500 145.1 196.1 179.5 156. 131. 95.
932 23.0 0.154 35.27 31.6 26.6 21.9 15.9
500 158.9 243.2 218. 183. 151. 110.
932 25.3 0.152 35.27 32.9 28.4 24.2 17.9
500 174.6 243.2 227. 196. 167. 124.
932 21.05 0.177 36.27 33.4 28.7 24.2 19.2
500 145.1 250.1 230.5 198. 167. 132.
977 21.6 0.157 34.70 29.9 24.7 18.8 14.2 400
525 149.1 239.3 206. 171. 129. 98.
1022 19.6 0.072 14.22 11.7 9.7 7.0 4.3 550
550 135.3 98.07 80. 66.7 48.5 29.4
1022 22.2 0.087 18.75 15.6 13.2 9.8 6.3
550 153.0 129.9 108. 91.2 67.7 43.1
1022 22.5 0.154 30.15 24.5 19.5 14.2 8.2

550 154.9 207.9 169. 134. 98.1 56.9
Cr -Mo -V Steels
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tt
Tensile strength,
a? w
0.2% Y.S.,
O Chemical composition, % by wt.
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
U
c
degF
degC
C
g
s
ksi
3
>*-o
ksi
CO
ksi
ac
(0 re o
6
o
S Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S LU cr
o
74 R 0.31 0.58 0.63 1.23 0.18 0.54 0.27 0.018 0.017 Room 142. 123.8 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 293. o
979. 854.
3
75 R 0.31 0.58 0.63 1.23 0.18 0.54 0.27 0.018 0.017 Room 142. 123.8 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 293. 21
979. 854. o
Tl
CQ
3
JO
M
m
76 70 0.35 0.82 0.29 1.07 1.24 0.27 0.008 0.010 Room 101.5 Tempered bainite. ca
i
700. JO
H
950 76.0
510 524.
s5S
77 74 0.04 0.51 0.2 10.03 0.65 0.27 0.025 Room 98.9 82.5 VC, M,3C6 carbides.
TT0"6" 0.66 0.3 TToTS 681.6 569. Hardness: 124 Vickers. M
>
78 F 0.44 0.56 0.31 0.84 0.11 0.56 0.28 Room 154.1 132.7 135.2 17. 54. Grain size 9 to 10. c
c
1062. 915. 932. Hardness: VPN302. o
K!
CO
79 N 0.38 0.66 0.22 0.96 0.49 0.28 0.006 0.014 Room 144.2 81. 20. 57. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
994. 558. 850 F(454C):30ksi (207 MN/m1).
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3
in
3
Initial
Residual stress. 2
u
u form and size, history of material. CO
ksi CO
C 8."- " >
3 Ee MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment j> -o -e a a strain.
Z stress. stress. time. 'o
ra
eg
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s n
a 1-
n
UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
74 R Timken 17-22A. 900 0.15 34.85 25.5 21.6 (18.3) Full length of specimen had ground
Commercial normalize at about 482 240.3 176. 149. (126.) threads with 0. 619 in. (15. 7 mm)
Threads 1725 F(940 C);
1000 0.15 30.85 18.6 14.6 (11.5) minor diameter.
Tempered at 1200 F(650 C) min. Robinson step-down method.
538 212.7 128. 101. (79. )
75 R Timken 17-22A. 900 0.15 34.85 27.9 25.1 (22. 5) Full length of specimen had rolled
Commercial normalize at about 482 240.3 192. 173. (155.) threads with 0. 614 in. (15. 6 mm)
Threads 1725 F (940C); minor diameter.
Tempered 1200 F (650 C) mln. 1000 0.15 30.85 17.6 14.1 (11.2)
Robinson step-down method.
538 212.7 121. 97. (77. )
76 70 Rotor forging, 6-1/2 in. (165 mm) Room 30.2/ 45.0 44.8 44.4 720 Test-block method, using com-
dia. x 18-7/8 in. (479 mm) long. 31 pliance to measure the load without o
208/ 310.3 309. 306. disassembly.
1750 F (955 C), 27 h, air cooled; 214
1230 F (665 C), 32 h. Specimen gage section 0.357 in. o
Room 65.0 64.7 63.5 720
(9.1 mm) dia. x 5-3/4 in. (146 mm)
448.2 446. 438.
long.
950 41.5 31.8 28.5 25.5 (22.1
M
510 286.1 219. 196.5 176. (152.) W
f
950 34.0 26.8 24.2 21.8 (19.3)
510 234.2 185. 167. 150. (133.)
950 24.9 19.9 18.1 16.5 (15.0)
510 171.7 137. 125. 114. (103.)
air cooled; 525 245.2 118.
Tempered 1290 F (700 C).
1049 35.6 12.4 2000
565 245.2 85.3
78 F 7/8 in. (22 mm) dia. , Hot rolled. 1000 23.0 0.131 30.2 18.9 12.0 ( 6.1) 2856
1675 F(915C), air cooled; 538 158.6 208.2 130. 83. (42. )
1200 F(650C), drawn.
79 N 1 in. ( 25 mm). 850 25.2 50.0 (30. 8) (25.0) 500

"As received." 454 174. 344.7 (212.) (172.)
Cr - Mo -V Steels
0
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
E e/j d^ reV
MN/m2
3 o N
MN/m2
>._ E
deg F
C
degC
C
re
ksi
D
ksi
O
8 2 reo>
0) CO
re
2 c
"o
a
s _o
CD 0
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Al P S UJ cr.
80 H 0.47 0.59 0.25 0.99 0.55 0.28 0.008 0.018 Room (l60.2 131.4 18. 53. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at o
1105. 906. 1000F(538C): 2.2ksi (15.2 MN/m1).
>
81 H 0.44 0.70 0.30 0.93 0.15 0.56 0.28 0.02 0. 020 0.018 Room 145.4 129.9 22. 60. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
1002. 896. 1000 F( 538 C): 10.7 ksi (73.8 MN/m7). 855
o
*J
CO
82 0.44 0.60 0.29 1.0 0.54 0.28 0.017 0.023 Room 154.7 21. 58. >-3
H Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at SO
1067. 1000 F( 538 C): 2.2ksi (15 MN/m1 ). M
CO
CO
M
r
83 U 0.45 0.56 0.26 0.91 0.51 0.28 0.013 0.020 Room 122. 98. 22. 65. >
841. 676.
84 U 0.45 0.56 0.26 0.91 0.51 0.28 0.013 0.020 Room 128. 105. 20. 61.
882.5 724. >
o
w
M
75.4 20. Intermediate needle-like structure. 55
85 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1.25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015 Room 95.6 72. o
659. 520.
M
>
86 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1.25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015
9
87 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1.25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015 CO
88 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1.25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015
1E
temperature,
3 Residual stress, o
form and size, history of material. o
re
0)
13 & E ksi
c CJ
>
deg F
degC
Is SI Heat treatment strain. stress. stress. time,
%
eg
re m ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
2 Q i- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
80 H 2.31 in. (58.7 mm) dia. 1000 22.0 0.2 32. 14. 5.3 (0.6) 2427
1525 F (830 C), 4h, oil quenched; 538 152. 220.6 96.5 36.5 (4. )
1155 F (625 C), 6h, furnace cool.
81 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) dia. 1000 23.4 0.2 40. 22. 14. ( 6.7) 3311
1750 F (955 C), 4h, oil quenched; 538 161. 275.8 152. 96.5 (46. )
1240 F (670 C), 4 h;
1100 F (595 C), 4 h.
82 H 1 in. ( 25 mm ). 1000 19.4 0.2 31.0 8.8 3.9 ( 1.7) 3353

1650 F ( 900 C ), 2 h, oil quenched; 538 134. 213.7 61. 27. (12. )
1250 F (675 C), 2.5 h, air cooled;
1100 F ( 595 C ), 2.5 h, air cooled. o
83 U 5.44 in. (138 mm) dia. 1050 19.2 0.2 32. 13. 8. ( 4.) 6.0 2500
1700 F (925 C), 7h, water quench; 566 132. 220.6 90. 55. (28.) 41.
1210 F (655 C), 10 h;
1240 F (670 C), 10 h; CO
1000 F( 540 C), 10 h, furnace cool. H
M
B
84 U 5. 44 in. (138 mm) dia. 1050 18.2 0.2 32. 18. 10. ( 3.0) 6.0 3600 f
CO
1740 F (950 C), 4h, oil quenched; 566 125. 220.6 124. 69. (20. 7) 41.
1210 F (655 C), 6 h, air cooled;
1250 F (675 C ), 6 h, air cooled.
85 61 Soviet steel type "15CrlMoV". 1040 21.3 12.5 10.3 8.3 400 Specimens 175x25x2 mm ( 6. 9 x
Pipe, 12. 8 in. (325 mm) dia. x 560 146.9 86.2 71.0 57.2 1 x 0. 08 in.) tested in bending
2. 4 in. (60 mm) wall thickness. 1040 8.5 3.9 using IR-4N apparatus.
3.3 3.0 400
Normalized 1904+18 F (1040+10C); 560 58.6 26.9 22.8 Residual stresses have been scaled
20.7
Tempered 1365 F (740 C ). from a small published plot.
86 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 8.5 3.0 2.7 2.1 400 Same as for Material 85.
7% plastic tensile strain. 560 58.6 20.7 18.6 14.5
Cold
Worked 87 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 12.8 4.7 4.1 3.1 400 Same as for Material 85.
Cr -Mo -V Steels
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
as
3 O)
u Chemical composition, % by wt. CO M
i Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
MN/m2
>._ E c
deg F
C
degC
3 o
ksi
CO
a
ksi
!s c
O
*-<TO
<D CO 8>
c o
a>
s C Cr Al P s o
CO
Q Mn Si Ni Mo V N HI rr
o
89 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1.25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015 o
90 R 0.48 0.48 0.62 1.30 0.20 0.47 0.28 0.010 0.014 Room 132.5
913.6
113.8 20.
785.
53. Hardness: BHN 285.
1000-h rupture strengths:
5H
900F(482C):66ksl (455 MN/m!). s
1000F(538C):44ksl (303 MN/m1).
o
CO
SO
M
91 46 0.23 0.43 0.50 1.35 0.30 1.18 0.28 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.014 Room 116. 105. 21. 72.6 Grain size 6 to 7. co
M
801. 724.
SO
Room 117. 106.5 *21.6 73.6 a
805. 734.
r
932 93. 75. *19.7 74.6
500 643. 519.
3
(a) 932 31.4
500 216.8
932 31.4 >
500 216.8
(b) 932 35.3

500 243.3
932 33.9
500 233.5 M
(c) 932 35.6
500 245.3
>
932 35.5 r
r
500 245.3 o
CO
(d) 932 39.8
500 274.7
/5D.
Test temperature,
2> 3 Residual stress, o
B form and size, history of material. 3 o
3 0)
u O Q- ^
ksi -
C
deg F
degC
MN/m2 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress.
3
Heat treatment
E,
C3 Z
strain, stress.
a*
to
M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
a
CO
LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
J2
UJ
90 R Crane "Templex", Hot-rolled rod 900 0.18 43.0 28.8 26.5 (24.4) 3171 Robinson step-down method.
3-13/16 in. (97 mm) dia. 482 296.5 199. 183. (168.)
Commercial normalize at about
1725 F(940C); 1000 0.18 41.0 22.9 15.5 (10.4) 3413
After
Service Tempered at 1200 F (650 C ) min. ; 538 282.7 158. 107. (72. )
13 years service at 850 F(455 C)
91 46 German DIN Steel 21CrMoV5.11. Tests by 15 laboratories, differ-
Commercial heat. entiated by lower-case letters. o
0. 8 in. (20 mm) dia. bar.
Extensometers were zeroed at
1705 F (930 C), 1 h, oil quenched; 1. 42 ksi (9. 8 MN/m2 ) = 0. 006% o
1330 F (720 C ), 2 h, furnace cooled total strain at test temperature.
(a) 932 24.5 0.200 46.95 41.5 37.0 30.5 18.2 13.9 2000 Heated to 932 F ( 500 C ) in 4 h; H
500 169. 323.7 286.5 255.1 210.0 125.6 96.1 M
held 20 h; loading duration about M
932 24.5 0.200 47.25 42.7 38.4 31.6 18.1 14.2 2000 5 minutes. r
CO
500 169. 325.7 294.3 264.9 217.8 124.6 98.1 Photocell control of load reduction.
(b) 932 24.1 0.206 48.3 41.0 37.0 31.4 Heated to 932 F(500C) in 15 to 20
500 166. 333.1 282.5 255.1 216.3 hours; held 1 h; loading in about
15
932 24.8 0.201 47.85 39.8 36.6 31.2 19.7 5 minutes.
Labs 15.7 2000
500 171. Manual load reductions.
329.9 274.7 252.6 214.6 135.9 108.4
(c) 932 24.5 0.206 44.95 40.8 39.8 32.7 21.8 16.9 2000 Heated to 932 F(500C ) in 25 h;
500 169. 310.0 281.5 274.7 225.6 150.1 116.7 held 2 h; loaded in about 12 min.
932 21.6 0.206 41.25 39.0 36.7 32.9 20.9 15.8 2000
500 149. 284.5 268.8 253.1 226.6 144.2 108.9 Manual load reductions.
(d) 932 23.6 0.206 49.95 45.5 42.1 34.0 24.1 19.6 2000 Heated to 932 F (500 C) in 5 h;
500 163. 344.3 313.9 290.4 234.5 166.0 134.9 held 18 h.
Manual load reductions.

(Continued on next page).
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q
Proportional limit,
1E
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
Chemical composition, % by wt. t/j M 5^ 0)
MN/m2
MN/m2
3 0>
>._
deg F
degC
O
C C
g
ksi
CO
ksi
3
o 6 S ac
O
(0 CD _o
S Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Al N P S
o
LU
91 46 0.23 0.43 0.50 1.35 0.30 1.18 0.28 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.014 o
(e) 932 35.6 ad
500 245.2 ii
932 40.6 >

500 279.6 tt
O
25
932 35.6 O
(f) n
500 245.3 CO
H
932 33.7 ffl
500 232.5 W
CO
CO
I
W
932 28.0 H
(g) f
500 193.1 >
932 19.5
500 134.4
5
932 20.6
500 142.2 %
>
(h) 932 26.9 3
500 185.4
M
932 34.5 2i
O
500 238.0
932 21.3 w
500 146.8
932 41.5(+ 1.2)

>
(i) f1
500 286 (+ 3) r
o
!
CO
(j)
ilE
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
u
106 psi
3
C
MN/m2 >
degF
degC
3
a Heat treatment
0) re ksi 1 10 100 1000
re % 10,000 ksi h _rei/i
S Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
91 46 ( Continuation).
(e) 932 22.8 0.200 45.25 39.4 35.1 29.7 17.9 14.6 2000 Loaded in about 5 minutes.
500 157. 312.0 271.7 242.3 205.0 123.6 101.0 Photocell control of load reduction.
932 25.7 0.200 48.1 40.8 39.8 28.9 15.4 11.8 2000 Loaded in about 5 minutes.
500 177. 331.6 281.5 274.2 199.1 105.9 81.4 Automatic mechanical load re-
duction.
(f) 932 24.2 0.200 46.2 43.1 40.4 34.4 Loaded in about 16 minutes.
500 167. 318.8 297.2 278.6 237.4 Photocell control of load-reducing
relay
932 24.2 0.200 46.8 43.0 39.0 33.4 22.2 17.9 2000 Loaded in about 8 minutes.
500 167. 322.7 296.3 268.8 230. 5 153.0 123. e Photocell control of load-reducing
relay.
(g) 932 23.9 0.200 46.5 41.6 36.9 31.4 18.1 14.4 2000 Loaded in about 10 minutes. o
500 L65. 320.6 286.6 254.5 216.2 124.5 99.4 Photocell control of load reduction.
932 24.5 0.200 46.7 41.7 37.8 31.3 18.0 14.2 2000 5
o
500 169. 322.2 287.4 260.4 215.5 123.8 98.1
932 24. 5 0.201 46.4 41.0 36.6 31. 5 17.7 14.1 2000 CO
500 169. 319.8 282.8 252.3 217.1 121.8 97.2 M
H
(h) 932 24.2 0.200 46.5 43.25 34.7 30.0 16.1 13.2 2000 Loading duration about 3. 5 min. f
CO
500 167. 320.5 298.2 239. 5 207.0 111.3 91.2 Manual load reduction.
932 25.2 0.200 48.5 44.8 39.0 31.8 17.3 13.7 2000
500 L74. 334.2 309.0 268.9 219.4 119.0 94.3
932 24.4 0.200 43.2 40.3 34.5 29.1 17.9 14.6 2000 This last test held 96 h at 932 F
500 L68. 297.9 278.1 238.0 200.7 123.6 100.4 (500 C) before loading.
(i) 932 23. 5 0.200 47.1 43.9 39.2 32.7 18.8 15.2 2000 Loading duration about 50 minutes.
500 162. 324.5 302.8 270.4 225.6 129.8 105.1 Manual load reduction.
932 22.2 0.200 44.4 40.8 38.1 32.5 19.7 15.8 2000
500 153. 305.9 281.2 262.7 224.0 136.0 108.9
932 24.1 0.200 45.3 42.1 38.6 32.7
500 166. 312.1 290.5 265.8 225.6
(i) 932 21.8 0.201 43.7 41.5 38.1 32.4 21.1 16.7 2000 Loading duration 27 to 28 minutes.
500 150. 301.0 286.3 262.7 223.3 145.2 114.9 Electric-relay control of load
reduction.
932 22.6 0.198 44.8 40.4 36.1 30.25 18.3 14.75 2000
( Concluded next Dage). 500 L56. 309.0 278.7 248.6 208.6 125.9 101.7
Cr - Mo -V Steels
1
e
s i i
5?
as
Test tempera
Tensile strer
3 CD
MN/m2
MN/m2
Proportional
C O
>._ E c
deg F
degC
g
ksi
ksi
a
3
si-* 2
CO
V CO ac o
o
a o u
CD (0
S C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S LU tr
91 46 0.23 0.43 0.50 1.35 0.30 1.18 0.28 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.014 o
o
(k) 932 33.4
500 230.2
932 37.2
256.5
500
sS5
932 37.2
500 256.5 O
*1
t
3
(1) 932 22.4 50
500 154.5 M
co
co
932 42.6
50
500 293.6 a
f
>
(m) 932 33.6
500 231.8 H
S
932 35.85
500 247.2
932 33.6
500 231.8
350
(n) 932 35.85 W
500 247.2 2!
O
932 38.1
500 262.7 M
(o) 932 38.1

500 262.7 >
r
932 35.85 tr1
O
500 247.2 Kj
CO
92 Y 0.39 0.59 0.24 0.90 0.55 0.29 0.015 0.006 Room 133. 115. 20. 57.
917. 793.
1E
temperature,
3 0>
u
form and size, history of material. 3
O Q. C
ksi reu
C
deg F
degC
E z strain, MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is a
re
Heat treatment stress. stress. time.
*-
CD re (A
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
5 Q 01
LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
91 46 ( Conclusion ).
(k) 932 24.1 0.200 46.8 42.7 38.6 32.8 20.2 16.1 2000 Electric-relay control of load
500 166. 322.8 294.2 266.5 225.9 138.9 111.2 reduction.
932 22.9 0.200 44.8 41.7 38.2 32.6 20.5 16.4 2000
500 158. 309.0 287.4 263.6 224.8 141.4 113.4
932 23.5 0.200 45.95 41.7 37.8 32.6 20.4 16.1 2000
500 162. 316.8 287.7 260.3 224.8 140.6 111.2
(1) 932 21.9 0.200 40.3 37.0 33.8 31.4 20.5 17.7 2000 Photocell control of load-
500 151. 278.1 254.9 233.3 216.3 141.4 122.1 reducing relay.
932 23.5 0.200 46.2 41.5 39.0 33.2 19.7 15.9 2000
o
500 162. 318.3 286.0 268.8 228.7 136.0 109.7
(m) 932 24.5 0.203 48.65 42.6 37.65 32.0 18.1 14.8 2000 Electric relay control of load
500 169. 335.4 293.6 259.6 220.9 125.1 102.0 reduction.
932 24.7 0.202 48.6 42.6 38.1 32.0 17.9 14.6 2000
500 170. 335.0 293.6 262.7 220.9 123.6 100.4 9w
932 23.2 0.204 47.2 40.1 36.5 31.4 18.4 14.6 2000 H
500 160. 325.6 276.6 251.9 216.3 126.7 100.4 cn
(n) 932 23.1 0.197 44.8 40.8 36.9 31.6 18.9 17.5 2000 Loading time about 20 to 23 min.
500 159. 309.0 281.2 254.6 217.9 130.6 120.5 Electric-relay control of load
reduction.
932 26.7 0.200 51.0 45.9 40.3 35.4 22.2 18.1 2000
500 184. 351.5 316.7 278.1 244.1 153.0 124.9
932 23.5 0.200 45.95 41.45 37.9 32.9 20.3 16.6 2000 Loading time about 20. 5 to 21 min,
(o)
500 162. 316.8 285.8 261.4 227.1 139.8 114.4 Manual load reduction.
932 24.5 0.201 47.1 42.6 38.2 32.5

500 169. 324.5 293.6 263.4 224.0
92 Y 3. 75 in. (95 mm) diameter. 850 40.3 34.6 ( 24.) 50

454 277.9 239. (165.)
900 35.2 22.5 19.7 (16. 6) 660
482 242.7 155. 136. (114.)
950
510
31.6
217.9
21.8 16.2
150. 112. 1SI:1 645
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
Chemical composition, % by wt. CO M re"
re Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
3
MN/m2
U
>._ E c
deg F
C
re
degC
o
ksi
s
ksi
2
it; * s reO)
ra &re 2 c
O
o
s O C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S 0 o>
CC
o
LU
93 29 0.36 0.45 0.35 0.80 0.50 0.25 0.035 0.035 Room 115to 91.4 ^3 Thermal expansion ( 20 to 500 C ): o
"03 0.70 max. T7I3 TJT55 max. max. 125 min. min. 13. 9 x 10"6 /deg.C
790to 630
860 min. >
H
932 52. 2 min. II
O
500 360 m n.
o
94 X 0.40 0.95 0.55 0.30~| Hardness: RC 42 to 46. rf
to CO
H
0.50 W
W
CO
95 X Room 200.
1379.
>
i
96 X Room 130 m n.
896 m n.
97 X
>
sw
w
a
I
98 X Room 195. Hardness: RC 43. 5; 43. io
1345. >1
r1
t-
3
CO
99 X Hardness: RC 38;37.
%/5D Nominal composition.
Residual stress,
temperature,
6
ic modulus,
E form and size, history of material. ksi 8
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 O
C
MN/m2
degF
degC
3 stress. time. & Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a
re Heat treatment strain, stress. u
re S M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000
10,000 ksi h n
:
CO
O 1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ui
93 29 DIN 17006, Steel40CrMoV46. 932 0.2 *27.1 (25. 2) (20. 0) 3000

1615 to 1705 F ( 880 to 930 C ), oil 500 187. (174.) (138.)
or air cool;
1240 to 1345 F (670 to 730 C ), oil
or air cool.
5h
94 X AMS 6304. 720 0.3 87.0 82.5" 80. 56.5 50 Automatic relaxation machine.
Bolt, with 3/8 in. -24 threads for 382 599.8 569. 552. 390. Data have been scaled from a plot.
the full shank ( 9. 5 mm).
720 0.3 87.0 76. 75. 60. 50
382 599.8 .524. - 517. 414.
95 X AMS 6304. 900 62.1 46.7 45.2 45 Data have been scaled from a plot.
EWB 5/16-24 bolt with hex nut 482 428.2 322. 312.
o
(7.9 mm).
900 45.1 38.4 37.7 45
Quenched + tempered.
482 311.0 265. 260.
A
96 X Fastener 950 45. 23.5 15.9 Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolt 510 310.3 162. 110.
a
Tests 97 X AMS 6304,3/8 in. -24 stud(9. 5 mm). Automatic relaxation machine. f
CO
Rolled thread: 950 45. 31. 12.7 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
510 310.3 214. 88.
Rolled thread, stress relieved: 950 45. 34.9 13.6 800

510 310.3 241. 94.
Cut thread: 950 45. 21.9 11.8 800

510 310.3 151. 81.
50 h ISOh
98 X AMS 7459. 5/16-24 x 1-3/8 in.bolts 900 80. 57.23 42.16 24.0 500 Relaxation cylinder.
(7. 9 mm). Ni-Cd plated and 482 551.6 394.6 290.7 165.5
diffused per AMS 2416. 900 80. 39.1 42.16 27.1 500
Quenched + tempered to 195 ksi TS; 482 551.6 269.6 290.7 186.8
Stress relieved 4 h at 900 F (482 C ).
99 X AMS 7454. 5/16-,24 x 1-3/8 in.bolts 900 80. 45.2 39.1 30.14 500 Relaxation cylinder.
(7. 9 mm).. Ni-Cd plated and 482 551.6 311.6 269.6 207.8
diffused per AMS 2416.
900 80. 48.1 39.1 33.19 500
Normalized + tempered.
482 551.6 331.6 269.6 228.8
A
'500 h 50h
Cr -Mo -V Steels
Q

._ E
p 21 o) in ^
& "o -a o * Z
-i
X Z
s
Cr Ni Mo
O
IOC F 0.45 0.53 0.29 0.93 0.17 0.52 0.30 Room 142.4 103.5 117.7 20. 52. Grain size 8 to 9. O
982. 714. 812. Hardness: VPN305.
>
S
O
"1
en
101 0.39 0.60 0.35 0.92 0.49 0.30 0.010 0.010 Room 144.5 H
114.5 20. 60. SO
789. W
CO
on
i
L02 0.31 0.76 0.24 0.93 0.55 0.30 Room 139.4 119. 22. 65. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at so
961. 827. 1000F(538C):8. 5 ksi ( 58. 6 MN/m* ).
>
L03 0.43 0.88 0.51 0.30 Room 130.4 116.9 21. 62. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at O
899. 806. 900F(482C): 20 ksi (138 MN/m* ). 2!
>
L04 96 21 1.4 1.1 0.3] Room 106.7

! 735.7
M
>
f
tr1
O
K!
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
O form and size, history of material. ksi re
GN/m2
o
106 psi
C
>
deg F
degC
15
8 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
<u re
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
in
5 Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
100 F Hot-rolled bar, 7/8 In. (22 mm) dia. 1000 23.0 0.13 29.9 22.6 18.8 (15.5) 960
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). 538 158.6 206.2 156. 130. (107.)
Same specimen, reloaded: 1000 0.13 30.0 26.0 23.5 (21.5) 2592
538 208.2 179. 162. (148.)
Same specimen, reloaded 1000 0.13 30.0 23.0 17.2 (11.5) 5016
again: 538 208.2 159. 119. (79. )
101 Y 1 in. (25 mm) diameter 950 32.6 14.2 10.3 6.8 2358
510 224.8 97.9 71. 47.
102 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) diameter. 1000 23.6 0.2 40.0 21. 12.5 ( 6.o; 3312 o
1650F(900C), 11.5 h, oil quench; 538 163. 275.8 145. 86. (41. ) I
1200 F (650 C), 17 h;
1030 F (555 C), 14 h. o
103 B 1 in. (25 mm). 900 27.0 44. 19.0 11.7 13,579 Co
1650 F (900 C), 8 h, oil quenched; 482 186. 303.4 131. 81. H
1225 F(665 C ), 8 h; M
M
1155 F (625 C), 4 h. f
Same specimen, reloaded: 900 27.0 30.0 17.0 (11.6) 6700

482 186. 206.8 117. (80. )
500 h
104 96 German DIN Steel 21CrMoV 5.11 662 41.0 38.8 " 38.0" 37.3 2700 Residual stress in bending,
350 282.7 268. 262. 257. determined using rings with
662 35.2 33.1 32.6 31.8 2700
350 242.7 228. 225. 219.
662 28.2 26.5 26.0 25.3 2700
350 194.4 183. 179. 174.
842 42.7 33.8 31.8 29.9 2700
450 294.4 233. 219. 206.
842 35.1 29.8 28.9 27.1 2700
450 242.0 205.5 199. 187.
842 28.5 23.5 22.4 21.2 2700
450 196.5 162. .154. _ 146.
Cr - Mo -V Steels


u- a to ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
-S -o * z ^z
g
s
s Mn Cr Ni Mo

O
H05 96 21 1.4 1.1 0.3J Room 99.6 O
687.
>
H
O
2!
O
*J
CO
H
S3
W
w
u>
I
S3
M
f
>
>
S3
W
II
106 32 0.19 1.3 0.15 1.10 0.30 Room 113.

781.
v
97.
670.
19.6 69. I
O
>
c
c
o
K!
CO
^Nominal composition. ^Yield point.
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C u <-
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3
strain, stress, stress, time, & Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!s a Heat treatment u
S
V
CO CO % ksi 1
h
10 100 500
10,000 ksi h n
Q MN/m2 h h hh MN/m2 Hi
105 96 German DIN Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 . 662 42.4 40.6 39.5 39.1 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 292.3 280. 272. 270. determined using rings with
662 35.3 33.9 33.3 32.9 2700
350 243.4 234. 230. 227.
662 28.7 27.8 27.6 27.6 2700
350 197.9 192. 190. 190.
842 43.5 36.0 34.0 32.6 2700
450 300.0 248. 234. 225.
842 35.8 29.8 28.5 27.3 2700
450 246.8 205.5 196.5 188.
842 28.7 24.6 24.2 23.2 2700 o
450 197.9 170. 167. 160.
932 43.6 30.6 25.9 21.2 2700 g
o
500 300.6 211. 179. 146.
932 36.4 27.1 23.5 19.4 2700
500 251.0 187. 162. 134. 3
M
932 28.9 23.6 21.5 18.6 2700
500 199.3 163. 148. 128.
1022 41.5 24.9 17.6 11.1 2700
550 286.1 172. 121. 76.5
1022 37.0 21.4 13.2 8.2 2700
550 255.1 147.5 91. 56.5
1022 28.6 17.6 11.6 7.5 2700
550 197.2 121. 80. 52.
106 32 German DIN Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 797 25.2 0.18 32.0 Tests of bolt specimens in a block.
1650 to 1740 F (900 to 950 C ), 425 174. 221. Relaxation data have been scaled
Bolt oil quenched or air cooled; from a plot of residual stress vs.
Tests 896 24.3 0.18 15.1 10.0 20,000
1255 to 1365 F (680 to 740C ). temperature.
480 168. 104. 68.6
1004 23.2 0.18 4.0 0.7 20,00C
540 160. 27.5 4.9
Cr -Mo -V Steels
Q
3E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
39
0.2% Y.S.,
3 a> Chemical composition, % by wt.
MN/m2
(O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
MN/m2
u
C c
deg F
degC
3 g
ksi
ksi
ksi
9 o
a> ca &
c o
s<s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Al P S UJ
o 01
o
L07 H 0.41 0.69 0.21 0.96 0.13 0.51 0.31 0.005 0.020 0.009 Room 141.4 126. 20. 62. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at o
975. 869. 1000 F( 538 C): 11 ksi (75.8 MN/m').
>
L08 H 0.41 0.55 0.29 0.99 0.15 0.58 0.31 0.012 0.016 Room 124.9 107.9 21. 64. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at S
z;
861. 744. 1000 F( 538C): 6. 6 ksi (45.5 MN/m' ). o*i
CO
H
109 H 0.41 0.55 0.29 0.99 0.15 0.58 0.31 0.012 0.016 Room 152.4 124.9 20. 60. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at M
1051. 861.
CO
1000F(538C): 15. 8 ksi (109 MN/m2). CO
I
JO
M
f
>
L10 H 0.45 0.67 0.35 0.90 0.54 0.31 0.034 0.035 Room 121.9 107.2 24. 66. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
840.5 739. 900F(482C): 27.8 ksi (192 MN/m'). >-3
1000F(538C):7.6ksi (52.4 MN/m'). s
111 U 0.44 0.69 0.29 0.95 0.54 0.31 0.016 0.008 Room 135. 111. 18. 48. >
931. 765.
L12 H 0.37 0.66 0.27 0.80 0.10 0.49 0.32 0.005 0.020 0.010 Room 139.9 122. 18. 60. Charpy V-notch impact:34 ft. lb. (46 Joules)
965. 841. O
Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
1000F(538C): 7.4ksi (51 MN/m').
M
113 43 0.47 0.55 0.29 0.94 0.29 0.51 0.32 0.006 0.008 0.011 Room 138.1 *118. 16. 43. Charpy impact strength at room temp.
952. 814. 12.5 ft. lb. (17 Joules).
>
r
o
><
CO
114 H 0.37 0.66 0.27 0.80 0.10 0.49 0.32 0.005 0.020 0.010 Room 137. 136.7 22. 63.
944.6 942.5 Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
1000F(538C): 5.6ksi (38.6 MN/m').
*0. 02% Offset Y. S.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final CJ
GN/m2
106 psi
3 CD
O
C U
deg F
degC
a stress,
3
strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment
0]
co
ca
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (/>
jo
2 CO
a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LLI
107 H 2.31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 1000 17.2 0.2 32. 21. 14. ( 6.6) 3633
1650 F (900C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 119. 220.6 145. 96.5 (41.1)
1240 F (670C), 8 h;
1140 F(615C), 4 h.
108 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) diameter. 1000 20.0 0.21 30. 17. 10.5 ( 3.2) 3354
1650 F (900 C ), 5 h, oil quenched; 538 138. 206.8 117. 72.4 (22. )
1240 F ( 670 C ), 12 h;
1100 F ( 595 C ), 5 h.
109 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm ) diameter. 1000 20.9 0.2 39. 27. 19.5 (11.0) 3097
1750 F(955C), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 144. 268.9 186. 134.5 (76. )
1240 F(670C), 4. 5 h; o
1100 F(595C), 4.5 h.
S
o
110 H 2-3/8 in. (60 mm) diameter. 900 24.4 0.2 45.0 35. 29. ( 23.) 2861
1655 F (900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 482 168. 310.3 241. 200. (159.)
1250 F (675 C ), 4 h, air cooled.
1000 19.8 0.2 30.0 17.5 10. ( 4.5) 2219
538 136.5 206.8 121. 69. (31. ) M
M
111 U 2 in. (51 mm) test ring. 950 24.4 0.2 40. 35 29. ( 21.) 26. 2416 CO
1825 F ( 995C ), 10 h, oil quenched; 510 168. 275.8 241. 200. (145.) 179.
1250 F (675C), 12 h.
115 H 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 1000 19.8 0.2 37.0 17. 9.2 ( 3.6) 3096
1650 F (900 C), 4 h, air cooled; 538 136.5 255.1 117. 63.4 (25. )
1200 F(650C), 8h, furnace cooled.
113 43 Barstock. 950 0.147 34.0 21.5 17.5 1000 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F (955 C ), oil quenched; 510 234.4 148. 121.
1260 F (680C), 6 h;
950 0.147 34.0 28.5 28.0 1000 1.33
1160 F (625 C), 6 h.
510 234.4 196.5 193.
1050 0.18 34.8 15.6 (12.3) 400
566 239.9 107.6 (84. 8)
114 H 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 1000 16.4 0.2 28.0 14.5 7.6 ( 3.0) 3632
1650 F (900 C ), 4 h, water quench; 538 113. 193.1 100. 52.4 (21. )
1250 F (675 C), 9 h;
1160 V (d9.nr.), 4h.
Cr -Mo-V Steels
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. - w Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o * Z -* Z
5 S s 2 s
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
11J 0.40 0.54 0.27 0.90 0.55 0.34 Room 141.2 125.1 20. 60. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at O
973.5 862.5 1000 F( 538C): 13 ksi (90 MN/m'). %
3
116 118 0.20
o
0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 *i
CO
H
SO
M
r/>
117 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 117.8 102.6 21.4 70.5 Nut hardness: 255 HV 30. IP
812. 707. Nut strength at 896 F( 480 C ): W
Tensile str. :87. 8 ksi (605 MN/m1). M
Room 120.6 110. 16.8 73.5 f
0.20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0. 009} 832. 761. 0. 2% Offset Y. S.: 71. 5 ksi (493 MN/m2) >
896 97. 70.7 15.8 70.8
480 669. 487. 3
896 93.7 78.5 12.2 75.0
480 646. 541.
118 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 >
0.20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 O
0.023 0. 009} SB
M
2!
O
2
a
>
o
!
Nut composition. %/ 10 diameters.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 ^3
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
0
3 form and size, history of material. CO

ksi
g.U.0 o o. e
CO
C O
Is
3
Si Heat treatment
E -D??
jjj -g o?0 strain. stress. stress. time. cj
CO
CO
+*
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JO
S Q
CD
r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
115 F 7/8 in. (22 mm). 1000 23.0 30.0 14. ( 9.3 2640
1650 F (900 C ), oil quenched; 538 158.6 206.8 96.5 (64.
1225 F (665 C), drawn.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1000 23.0 50.0 13.0 ( 7.0 2640

538 158.6 344.7 90. (48.
116 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 932 0.262 62.7 55.0 50.2 43.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F (930 C), 1 h, oil quenched; 500 432.5 379.5 346. 302. Extension measured between
1345 F (730 C ), 2 h, air cooled. knife-edge ridges around the ends
of the specimen gage section.
117 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37.55 35.0 32.0 29.0 25.6
Same material as No. 116, above. 480 258.9 241. 221. 200. 176.5 Automatic relaxation machine. o
1705 F (930 C ), lh, oil quenched; Tested as a double-threaded bolt;
1345 F (730 C), 2 h, air cooled.
896 0.196 37.55 35.3 33.3 31.0 24. 9 Nut height = thread diameter.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, Steel 25CrMo4.
480 258.9 243. 229.5 214. 172. o
Gage section 4.13 in. (105 mm)
Heat treatment of nuts: 1925 F 932 0.340 62.7 54.5 49. 41. 29. long x 0.33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
(1050 C ), air cooled. 500 432.5 376. 336. 283. 200. CO
Bolt H
M
Tests 118 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 662 *83. 70. Test length 4.13 in. (105 mm). W
f
Same material as No. 116, above. 350 574. 481. Nut height = thread diameter. co
1705 F(930 C), 1 h, oil quenched;
662 *40. 5 38.
1345 F (730 C), 2 h, air cooled.
350 279! 5 260.
M12 bolts/ DIN 2510. 662 0.296 56.3 50.
350 388.3 343.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, steel 25 CrMo 4.
Heat treatment of nuts: 1925 F 662 0.184 37.6 35.4 34.6 33.0 30.6
(1050C), air cooled. 350 258.9 244. 238. 227.5 211.
752 *62.6 52.
400 431.5 358.
752 0.250 50.5 41.
400 348. 284.
752 40.5 33.
400 279.5 226.
842 62.6 43.
450 431.5 294.
(Concluded on next page.)
'Results of this test have been scaled from a plot.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
e
s t
Chemical composition, % by wt. S2 u. o J= ._ E S .- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
O v> -.
E -a
| o -o
oi s -* Z
5 S o a
a
Mn Si Ni Mo
O
1181 118 0.20 0.35 0.35 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 O
*{0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0. 009}

>
H
8
o
S3
to
M
CO
CO
I
M
F
>
a
HE 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 150.6 145. ^13. 67. >
1039. 998.
896 113.8 104. 010.3 73. o
!
480 784.3 714. CO
*{0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.22 0.023 0. 009)
*Nut composition %/ 10 diameters.
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. ksi m
GN/m2
3
106 psi
O
o
C
MN/m2
degF
degC
!s
3
3 Heat treatment
Hi
(0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JO
118 118 ( Conclusion ). 842 0.255 50.4 36.

450 347. 251.
842 43. 33.
450 299. 226.
842 0.190 37.6 35.0 32.7 30.9 28.3
450 258.9 241. 226. 213. 195.
896 71. 44.
480 490. 304.
896 50. 38.
480 343. 260.
o
896 *38. 26.
480 265. 177.
o
932 63. 29.
Bolt 500 436. 198.
CO
Tests 932 *63. 23.5
M
500 436. 162. M
F
932 0.258 47.2 23.8 co
500 326. 164.
932 0.204 37.6 33.8 31.3 27.9 19.2
500 259. 233. 216. 192. 132.
932 28.5 16.
500 196. 108.
1022 0.219 37.6 31.0 25.6 15.2 7.6 500
550 259. 214. 177. 105. 52.5
1112 0.247 37.6 16.8 10.2 4.8
600 259. 116. 71. 33.3
119 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37.6 35.3 33.1 30.6 26.3 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F (930 C), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 243. 228.5 211. 181. Test of stud, with nut height =
1255 F (680 C), 2 h, air cooled. thread diameter.
Gage section 4.13 in. (105 mm)
Nuts: Same as with Material 117, long x 0. 33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
above.
*Results for this test have been scaled from a plot.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Q
3E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
*f
3^
CO 8?
3 u Chemical composition, % by wt. (D
MN/m2
MN/m2
C >._ E c ta
degF
ra
degC
g
a
3
ksi
ksi
ra
ra o S ac O
6
s
ca
C V Nb P S o
Mn Cr Ti
CO
Q Si Ni Mo UJ DC
120 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 110.7 103. <18. 5 74. o
763. 707.
896 87.8 72. ^3.8 76.8
480 605. 496.
8
*{0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0. 009} *:
o
121 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 265 HV30. n
CO
*/0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.008 896 85.6 78. 91
480 590. 544. 1 W
CO
CO
I
122 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 225 HV30. w
M
F
*(0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.009 896 69.4 58. \
480 479. 402. f
123 118 0.20 0.3 5 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 270 HV30. s
*/0. 20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 896 93.7 78. 5\
480 646. 541. 1
>
L24 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1.24 0.26 1.09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Austenitic nut; hardness 150 HV30.
to
*{0. 09 1.27 0.46 16.22 16.24 1.35 0.68 0.07 0.024 0.007 896 72.2 23. 9) w
B 480 498. 165. /
0.065
125 57 0.25 0.75 0.35 1.7 0.25 0.48 0.37 0.019 0.008
3
a
>
F
F
o
K!
CO
{Nut composition and tensile properties.} %/10 diameters.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3<0 _3
3 . N Initial
Residual stress.
Final
o
- Q)
U
form and size, history of material. ^ S3 C ksi
C
E z strain. MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
gE -aSS stress.
3
8 Heat treatment -a stress, time.
%
4)
n ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h Vt
n
s
vt (0
0)
Q 1- HI MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ui
120 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 896 0.196 37.6 35.1 32.3 29.6 25.0 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F (930 C), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 242. 223. 204. 173. Test of stud, with nut height =
1380 F (750 C), 2h, air cooled. thread diameter.
Nuts: Same as with Material 117. Gage section 4.13 in (105 mm)
long x 0.33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
121 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37.6 34.1 31.0 27.7 24.2
1705 F (930 C), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 235. 214. 191. 167. Same as for Material 120.
1345 F (730 C), 2h, air cooled.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, Steel 25CrMo4.
1560 F( 850C), lOmin., water quenc h;
1100 F ( 600 C ), 2 h.
122 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37.6 34.7 32.9 29.4 25.1 Same as for Material 120. o
1705 F (930 C), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 239. 226.5 203. 173.
1345 F (730 C), 2h, air cooled. 3
Nuts: DIN 17 006, Steel 25CrMo4. o
Bolt 1650 F(900C), 1/2 h, oil quenched;
Tests 1255 F (680 C), 2 h. CO
i-3
M
123 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37.6 35.3 33.4 31.0 27.0 Same as for Material 120. M
1705 F (930 C), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 243. 230.5 214. 186. f
CO
1345 F (730 C), 2h, air cooled.
896 0.196 37.6 35.6 33.6 31.4
Nuts: Same material and heat
treatment as the bolt. 480 259. 245. 231. 217.
124 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 CrMoV 5.11 896 0.196 37.6 35.7 34.4 33.1 30.9 Same as for Material 120.
1705 F(930 C), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 246. 237. 228.5 213.
1345 F (730 C), 2h, air cooled.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, Steel designation
X8CrNiMoBNbl616.
2100 F(1150C), lh, air cooled;
1380 F(750C), 2 h, air cooled.
125 57 1740 F(950C), furnace cooled; 752 49. 39.5 34.3 5000 Block method.
1335 F(725C), furnace cooled. 400 338. 272. 236. Data have been scaled from a plot
of stress vs. time.
752 53.3 48.2 46.2 5000
400 367. 332. 319.
932 50.5 35.7 27.7 5000
500 348. 246. 191.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
1 i
Q
s I s?
to 5?
S
Test tempera
Tensile strer
o Chemical composition, % by wt.
MN/m2
MN/m2
Proportional
>._ E
deg F
c
degC
C
g !5
ksi
3
ksi
S
s(0 ac o
s
o
D C Cr P o 0}
Mn Si Ni Mo V S UJ EC
o
126 57 0.25 0.75 0.35 1.7 0.25 0.48 0.37 0.019 0.008 o
p
127 92 0.20 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.04 0.04 Room 98.6 85.2 15. >
max. TO IT? TO T70 TO max. max. 680. 587. min.
min. min. 3
o
CO
H

M
128 59 0.22 0.50 0.17 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.030 0.030 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311. CO
CO
0.30 0.80 0.37 ITS TTT TO max. max. 1000-h Rupture strength at 1076 F ( 580 C ):

I
39 ksi (269 MN/m'). M

P
129 58 0.22 0.50 0.17 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.030 0.030

TOTS 0.80 0.37 273 TTT TO max. max. 525
>
130 13 0.22 2.1 0.9 0.3 Room (139.) (120.)
TOT! 275 TO (960.) (830.)
# 995 (123.) (102.) M

535 (850.) (700.)
Q
1022 ( 94.) ( 83.)
550 (650.) (570.)
L31 111 0.21 2.28 i.i 0.54 3

S
>
135 111 0.21 2.28 i.i 0.54 P
P
O
!
CO
133 111 0.24 2.26 2.45 0.56
"Typical values. "
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
0>
106 psi
3
C O
>
degF
degC
a strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment
n
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s n
V>
CQ
Q
126 57 1920 F (1050C), air cooled; 752 52.5 47.5 45.5 5000 Block method. Data have been
1335 F (725 C), air cooled. 400 362. 328. 314. scaled from a plot of stress vs.
time.
127 92 Forging. 1022 35.4 30.5 26.5 50
550 224.1 210. 183.
1112 30.45 20.5 16.7 50
600 209.9 141.3 115.
1202 27.8 16.9 12.7 50
650 191.7 116.5 87.6
128 59 Soviet alloy El 723. 1076 71.1 37.5 29. 26. 216 Soviet UIM-5 tester.
580 490.2 259. 200. 179. Results have been scaled from a
plot of stress vs. time.
1076 56.9 35. 26.
580 392.3 241. 179.
129 58 Soviet alloy El 723. 1076 28.45 14.9 9.0 500 Oding uniform-moment ring;
580 196.2 103. 62. bending.
Results have been scaled from a M
1076 42.67 20.5 13.0 500 M
plot of stress vs. time.
580 294.2 141. 90. CO
130 13 Soviet alloy El 723 (25Kh2MlF). 995 43.5 (23.2) (14. 5) "Typical values".
1905 F (1040 C), air cooled; 535 300. (160.) (100.)
1760 F (960 C ), air cooled;
1022 43.5 (20.3) (10.1)
1200 to 1255 F (650 to 680C), 6 h.
550 300. (140.) (70. )
131 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 5.4 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
Casting. 580 294.2 37.3 bending.
1885 F (1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
L32 111 Material 131, forged. 1076 42.7 6.1 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
1885 F (1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 42.2 bending.
1345 F (730C), 5 h.
133 111 330 lb ( 150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 3.4 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
Forged. 580 294.2 23.5 bending.
1885 F (1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F (730C), 5 h.
Cr - Mo -V Steels
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
U Chemical composition, % by wt. 5?
MN/m2
(0*
MN/m2
C w
deg F
>._ E
degC
3 c
g*zS o
ksi
CO
ksi
9
h(0 to
2 5
c
o
o
ri
a
CO
o>
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S UJ
o
134 111 0.25 1.25 1.07 0.57 o
>
135 HI 0.25 1.25 1.07 0.57 s2;
o
*i
136 116 0.20 0.53 0.86 1.26 1.40 0.63 Room 159. 145. "*17.5 E3
1098. 1000. w
w
co
CO
137 127 0.10 0.75 0.35 0.90 0.85 0.60
TTZ5" max. max. 1.30 1.10 0.80 SJ
M
r
S
iz!
>
SO
M
O
138 O 0.25 0.66 0.56 1.24 0.27 0.55 0.73 Hardness: BHN311 to 331.
M
W
s
r-H
>
r
o
K!
co
139 111 0.26 2.52 0.96 0.77
*%/5 diameters.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
3 O form and size, history of material. .2
o o. _fc ksi reu
C
deg F
degC
3 E z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain, stress, stress, time, u
Si Heat treatment .S o
<5 re B
ra M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
sto
Q
CO
m
UJ
134 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 10.0 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 69. stand; bending.
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled;
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
135 111 Material 134, forged. 1076 42.7 8.1 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled; 580 294.2 56. stand; bending.
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
136 116 932 0.52 92.5 71. 62. 54. 48 Results have been scaled from a
500 637. 490. 429.5 374. plot.
137 127 "Durehete 1050". 932 38.6 26.9 21.1 (14.6) o

1-1
1.12 in. (28. 5 mm) diameter. 500 266.1 185. 145.5 (101.)
Oil quenched + tempered.

1000 32.5 22.4 18.0 (12.5) ko
538 224.1 154. 124. (86.2)
1022 31.4 22.0 17.5 (U.4)
550 216.5 152. 121. (78.6) M
M
1050 29.7 20.5 15.9 f
566 204.8 141. 110.
1100 24.2 26.9 17.7 12.8
593 166.9 185.5 122. 88.
1150 19.8 11.4 5.5
621 136.5 78.6 37.9
138 O Forging, 2 x 22 in. (50 x 560 mm). 1000 0.16 33.7 27.5 23.0 (18.0) 2033
538 232.3 190. 159. (124.)
1800 F (980 C ), air cooled;
1225 F (665 C), 6 h, air cooled;
1050 0.16 28.0 22. 18.5 (15. ) 1708
1200 F (650 C), 6 h, air cooled;
566 193.0 152. 128. (103.)
1225 F (665 C ), 6 h, air cooled. 1100 0.16 25.0 18.5 11.5 ( 6. ) 1322
593 172.4 128. 79. (41. )
139 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.1 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled;
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
Cr - Mo -V Steels

e
s 1 a
s?
3 u Chemical composition, % by wt. CO M rere Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
C fc .- E S .. c re
3
-* Z
o > o
8 1 -a
sc
fc 0) <D
re o 2 o
-
re c a -ore
s D C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P s O
1-
CO o
ct
o
Ui en
o
140 111 0.26 2.52 0.96 0.77 o
141 s 0.31 0.84 0.65 1.55 0.51 0.79 0.011 0.007 1100 17. 5 t ) Hardness: RC 26 to 32.
22.5 s
593 121 to
155 O
CO
142 o 0.29 0.70 0.71 1.43 0.31 0.51 0.81 Hardness: BHN 337.
H
S3
M
CO
<P
53
/ M
143 R 0.26 0.60 0.66 1.44 0.31 0.55 0.84 0.018 0.012 Room 162.7 147.5 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 311.
1122. 1017. 1000-h rupture strength at 1000 F ( 538 C ):
1000 112.7 102. 17. 66. 60ksi (414 MN/m1). O
538 2!
777. 703.
1100 97.2 90. 24. 70.
593 670. 621. >
144 65 0.21 1.27 1.02 0.84 Room 136.5 109.5 17. 62.
941.1 755.
145 111 0.13 1.28 0.88 0.84 3

H
50
s
1-1
146 111 0.13 1.28 0.88 0.84

>
F
o
K!
147 111 0.23 1.03 0.96 0.88 CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. ksi ra
GN/m2
106 psi
3 O
C
deg F
MN/m2
degC
Is
3
8 Heat treatment o
D ra ksi 1 10 100 1000
(0 % 10,000 ksi h _ra
5 Q
140 111 Material 139, forged. 1076 42.7 8.5 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030C), air cooled; 580 294.2 59. stand; bending.
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
141 s Barstock. 1100 0.393 60.0 35. 22.5 11.5 3. 940

593 413.7 241. 155. 79. 21.
1850 F (1010 C), 1 h, air cooled;
1200 F (650 C), 6 h. 1100 0.124 25.0 19.5 14. 5 9.0 4. 1050
593 172.4 134. 100. 62. 28.
142 o 3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 1000 0.15 31.0 25.5 19.8 (12.5) 2863
538 213.7 176. 136.5 (86. )
1800 F (980 C ), air cooled; o
1200 F (650 C), 6 h, air cooled. 1100 0.10 20.0 11. 4.6 ( 2.0) 1561
593 137.9 76. 32. (14. )
143 R Timken 17-22A(V), Hot rolled. 1000 23.0 0.15 29.0 21.2 16.8 ( 9.7) 3715 Robinson step-down method, on
2-7/8 in. (73 mm) diameter. 538 159. 200.0 146. 116. (67. ) 0. 505 in. (12. 8 mm) dia. specimen
Commercial heat treatment: CO
Normalized about 1800 F (980 C ); 1000 23.0 0.10 18.5 14.8 12.3 ( 8.2) 3735 Deformation was monitored with H
M
Tempered 6 h, ataout 1200 F(650C). 538 159. 127.6 102. 85. (56. 5) a telescope having a micrometer M
1100 21.5 0.10 17.62 9.7 5.8 ( 1.9) 1570 eyepiece. C
CO
593 148.2 121.5 67. 40. (13. )
144 65 Soviet steel 20KhlMlFl 1049 35.6 25.7 23.7 20.2

565 245.4 177. 163. 139.
145 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 7.3 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled;
1345 F (730C), 5 h.
L46 111 Material 145, forged. 1076 42.7 14.2 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled; 580 294.2 98. stand; bending.
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
147 111 330 lb ( 150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 15.6 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
Cr -Mo -V Steels

S
a
2S u. o
i
E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
2> > -* Z 1-
fc .- E
=5 S o * a
o
ri
s Mn Cr Ni Mo a:
O
H48 111 0.23 1.03 0.96 0.88 O
BS
TJ
It
f
149 30 0.25 0.41 0.17 1.30 1.02 0.89
>
Room 138.9 125. 22. 55. Izod impact strengths:
957.7 865.
Temp.,F(C) ft. lb. (Joules) 5
950 91.8 41.2 ^73. 23. 66. 950 ( 510 ) 40 ( 54 ) O
510 633. 284. 509. 1000 ( 538 ) 33 ( 45 ) *l
1000 80.2 38.1 *62. 27. 74. 1050 ( 566 ) 37 ( 50 ) CO
H
538 553. 263. 429. 1100 ( 593 ) 37 ( 50 ) SO
M
1050 74.3 25.5 *52. 31. 78. Room temp. 61 ( 83 ) CO
CO
I
566 512. 176. 361. SO
M
1100 70.7 19.0 *46. 36. 79. r
593 487.5 131. 319.
H
II
o
>
SO
15C 65 0.24 1.17 1.0 0.9 1049 84.7 81.2 15. 69.
565 584. 560. s
151 14 '{0.2 3. <1 <M
a
S
>
F1
r
o
><
CO
152 14 '{0.2 <1 1\
"Nominal composition. 0.1% Offset Y. S.
Test temperature,
2 Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ^3
Initial
Residual stress, o
E form and size, history of material. Final u
3
C
O
u o o. ,fc ksi
A)
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3 E
*fe 2 strain, stress. stress. Re lax at ion-test procedure and comments
"CO
9 Heat treatment
% ksi 1 10 100
03
1000 10,000 ksi h
CO
M
to JO
2 Q w MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
148 111 Material 147, forged. 1076 42.7 18.8 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F (1030 C), air cooled; 580 294.2 129.5 stand; bending.
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
149 30 1.12 In. (28. 5 mm) diameter bar. 950 25.3 38.10 31.2 26.0
510 174.4 262.7 215. 179.
1922 F (1050 C), oil quenched;
1292 F (700 C), 9 h 1000 24.8 33.36 23.5 18.6
538 171.0 230.0 162. 128.
1050 24.6 29.67 20.5 15.9
566 169.6 204.6 141. 110.
1100 24.2 26.88 17.8 12.9 o
593 166.8 185.3 123. 89.
Above specimens, reloaded at the 950 38.10 32.8 31.25 300 o

same respective test temperatures: 510 262.7 226. 215.5
1000 23.36
538 230.0
27.3 24.0
188. 165.5
3M
W
1050 29.67 23.4 21.75 300 f
CO
566 204.6 161. 150.
1100 26.88 20.3 18.3 300
593 185.3 140. 126.
150 65 Soviet steel 20 KhlMlFl 1049 35.6 26.0 22.5 16.8 500
565 245.4 179. 155. 116.
151 14 Soviet steel 20Kh3MF 932 0.100 16.6 14.6 14.2 3000 Tension specimens.
500 115. 101. 98.
932 0.150 24.9 22.1 21.3 3000
500 172. 152. 147.
932 0.175 28.4 25.6 25.6 3000
500 196. 177. 177.
152 14 Soviet steel 20Kh3MF 932 0.100 17.5 16.4 15.2 3000 Ring specimens; bending.
500 121. 113. 105.
932 0.150 26.0 24.2 22.8 3000
50(1 179. 167. 157,
932 0.175 29. 9 27. 7 27.0 3000
500 206. 191. 186.

3 3 3
3 ' 3 3 3
5 3 3 5 3,
S3 5 4 j'
s
2 5
40 1
10 100
Hours Hours
30
30
200 - 200 .
z

A
A A
20 20
o
3 A
-a
100
A
A
A

10 10
A
500C 00 500 , 600 C

"
n I o 0
900 1000 1100 1200 900 1000 1100 1200
Temperature,F Temperature,sF
'33 ' 3
3
3 3 3
5 3 4 5
5 3
40
1000 10,000
Hours Hours
30 30
200
z
s
t; 20 20
o
"5 3
3 A -o
100 - 100 '
9
:
A A . 0C
10 10
A

500 C >00 500 6C 0C

1 o 0 1 1
1000 1100 1200 900 1000 1100 1200

900
Temperature,F Temperature,F
Mo -V Steels A Normalized + Tempered

Quenched + Tempered
0.15 to 0.2% Strain
Cr-Mo-V STEELS 199
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Initial stress 30to40ksi
138 "
57
42 54
71
109 '
149
42 71
10 72
44
57
51
115 40
52
107 "81
102
78 69
108 73
110
80 "2
82
25
O
3

0 __
o
20 3

o

o o
0
in

15 z
o

s
J
u>
a>
o
O
3
TJ
o
"US 10 3
0

'3!
_

5

1000 Hours o Normalized + Tempered
Quenched + Tempered
977 to 1022 F
900 C 1000 C |
0 1 1 1 1 1
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Austenitizing temperature, F
Cr - Mo -V Steels (0.15 to 0.25% Total Strain). Quenched + Tempered

1,8 73 73
73 124 9 0 11 73 "]
73
118 123 S7 A
73 117-119-12 3 57 " " ' ,23 57
120-117 73 fe '3 ,,9-,23-,,7 57 57
122 7 3 , 8 122 "8 8 o
73 73 73 8
57 "0 73 73
[6
L
o
8 ,18 "7
.2, " ,2, ,,8 1,8
73 73 73 57
c
73 8 >
73
o
1 S
10 Hours-
300 2!
1 Hour" o
O
40 o
40 *J
co
H
o c W
M
o CO
8 .1
0 0 CO
{
c 0
oo o
30 30
200 - 200
8 o
o
o o
0
* s
8
o
3 o
TO
*w _ H
O 20 20 o o >
ao
t
I 3
a S3
,00
(Solid points = 12 h) M
SS
a

10 10
M
2
8
>
t-1
400 500 < ooc 400 500 6 poc t-1
o
1 o 0 1
K!
600 800 1000 1200 600 800 1000 1200 CO
'18 55 ] 54 ,, ,18 54 67-n1
73 5
54. 1 57 109 73 55 *
8 ,0
30
:; a -" " if- '

119 1" ,,5 57 117 113 108
46 84 46
73 OP '22 46 -"
120 H3 !?" 113 120 73 56 "3
122 "* 83 (7 117 73 84
117 80-56 '' 121 114 8
'21 82 "8 57 7. 80
73 57
73 118 . 82
73
300 -
0
40 40
0
0 n
0 0 " 0
0 0
3
3
o
0 0 O
0
30 8 < 30
0 0
oc
200 0 200
000
3M
0 0
0 0
0
z
O
0 0
> M
0 r
8
TO
0
O OOQ -
0
0
r
0
0
_ 20 20
0
3>
o
3
\i v
u
O
i
0 0
100 - ><2
0 0
10 10
3 <!
i O O
0
100 H ours 1000 1 "lours

c
0
400 500 6 oo-e 400 500 600 "C

1 l 1 1 0
0 1 '
600 800 1000 1200 600 800 1000 1200

Cr-Mo-V Steels (0.15 to 0.25 % Total Strain).

32 68 32 71 . . 53
66
32 32 32 32 71 o
32
32 64
90 151 64
138
71
o
32 32 32
7 32 66 72 51
7 7 68 32 138
7
7 32 7 32 151 65 142 138 tr1
7
32
7
7
7
7 7 32 68 90
143
>
7 7 7 7 32 29
112
7
68 S
50
27
10(12) 100 o
Hours Hours n
1 Hour
E3
- 300 300 300 w
M
ta
40 40 40 W
M
f
.E
z
>-3
3
30
o 200 200 200
o
!
3 >
a
20 20 20
8
10 >
o
550C 650 500 C 700C 450 550 C

uo I
1000 1100 1200 1300 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 800 900 1000 1100
Temperature,F
71 53 106 71 138
66
138 90 ^ S3
43 64 42 66
At 42
42 66 64 71 4Z
64
04
90 65 142 68 142
71 42 66 65 71
64 71 138
22 72 42
151 143 28 42 43
93 42 90 106 72
51 90 38
151 138 143
6 5,68
2% 29
112 " 27
,,2106
40
1 1000 10,000 o
Hours Hours
t
i
o
X
30 m
ou w
200 _
200 .E M
"3 z M
Jt C
1

IA
(A

i
r
f *
0)
* X
1
IA
20 i
T
20 I* 1
ta
o
3
i -o
i
QC
l 100
r _
i
t
Tj
i
10

10
r^ Normalized + Tempered
i After Service
if Heat Treatment Not Reported
500 C 600 400 C 500 600 C

0 1 1 i ' 0 0 ' i i ii 1
800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100
Temperature,F
Cr - Mo -V Steels Quenched + Tempered

73
118 "8 n
73 o
73 118
73 69 54
118
ii. 55 t-1
73 "8 " 73 >
73 29
s
73 o
118
co
73 "8
SJ
73 69 103 M
CO
50 V

M

>
/ o ~ 300
40 40 / S

<P/
-^
z >
7
30 30
200 O
W
S
s 0> n
o
3 20 o
TO 20
3 M
TJ W
o
a
t-H
<7!
- 100 IOO v
887 to 900 F >
10 10
o
842F 450C) (475 to 482 C) CO
200 300MN m' 400 200 300 400 500MN/m>

1 1 1 o 0 1 I
20 30 40 50 60 70 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
9,
73 "8
73 '"69
73 32
69 "1 73
73 149 / M 57
H.69"34763 " "8 $"

73 7
n
3 56 110 9 46 102 55
/J
73 4 73 80
* 82
50 so
932 tc 950 F o
977tol022F o
(500 to 510 C) (525to'550C)
7 /
300
o
40 40
E
o \
Z
s o M
M
W
s
30 30 a>
o 1 200
/o 8
<f 0

o
0
3
m
20 20
o *3

\ s ec
100' i IB
x
s
10
10
1
100 20< 300MN/m3 400 100 20( MN/m? 300

1 o 0 I
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 10 20 30 40 50
Normalized + Tempered : 1 h 1000 h

Cr -Mo -V Steels
Heat Treatment Not Reported: ! h *1000 h

136
26
125
70
64
7A
76 66 64
" 65 "
7A 50 " 76
76 4! 40
37 76
36 33
70
76
92
101
80
-9-
60
<>
4/ 400
z
O
2
O
o
-
0) 40
0
3
O Annealed "3
3
o
"5!
<a o 200
o

20 / "
. i

-
*
* 932 t o 950 F (500 to 510 C)
2<X 400 tfN/m2 600

1 I
20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, 1000 psi
Cr -Mo -V Steels

62
6,
,38 53
4^
42 ,30 59
142 71 130
100 71 35 63
'0 72 58
143
AA
44
60
4 42
" <> 51 ,AA
6,
78
29 59
48
27 112
300 0
1050 to 1067 F o
40 40 i
(566 to 575 C)
3
o
o
30 ^7 200
30 0 M
VI Z
0)
in
O
3
/
o (U
-o 20 p
a
20
0
3
/ 1l TJ

- 100 ioo "5
a>

10
10
995 to 1022 T Normalized + Tempered
o1 h - 1000 h
(535 to 550 C)
Heat Treatment Not Reported
200 300 MN/m2 400 300 MN/m2 400
1000 h
200
i i o 0
15 25 35 45 55 65 15 25 35 45 55 65
Initial stress, ksi
Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels
Materials in this section are limited to Cr-Mo-V steels with additions of other alloying elements in
amounts less than one percent:
Material Numbers Alloy Additions
1 thru 17 Nb
18, 19 Nb, Ce, B
20 Ti
21 Ti, B
22 W
23 Ni, W
Residual stresses as a function of test temperature are plotted for all materials on Page 218, for
initial stresses between 41. 5 and 45 ksi ( 286 and 310 MN/ m2 ).
Nb-containing Materials 2 thru 17 are from a Russian study which compares the 10,000-hour
residual stress of cast and forged laboratory melts, in tests at 1076 F ( 580C) on ring specimens, all
with an initial bending stress of 42. 7 ksi (294. 2 MN/mJ ).
Cr-Mo-V steels reported by Data Source 111 on pages 190-197 of the preceding section were part
of this same study, as were also Materials 12 thru 25, and 26 thru 33, respectively, of following sections
on Cr-W-Mo-V and on Co-Cr-Mo-V steels.
Page 219 lists the compositions and compares the magnitudes of the residual stresses for all of
these results from Data Source 111.
A modified H-ll steel, containing 5. 0 Cr, 1.3 Mo, and 0. 5 V, is included in the section on
Ultrahigh Strength Steels.
209
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. TO* Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
O
MN/m2
>.. E c O
deg F
C
degC
3 o
ksi
CO
ksi
!i $ 8-Sz
*- m 2 E a
c
*o
-ri0)
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Nb P S
UJ
o
1 H 0.45 0.95 0.65 0.26 0.82 Room 148.4 122.2 16. 45. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at o
1023. 842.5 1000 F(538 C): 14. 3 ksi ( 98. 6 MN/m2 )
p
2 111 0.21 2.28 1.1 0.54 0.17 >
3
o
3 111 0.21 2.28 1.1 0.54 0.17 CO
W
M
CO
4 111 0.24 2.26 2.45 0.56 0.16

M
P
>
H
5 111 0.24 2.26 2.45 0.56 0.16 O
z
o
>
6 111 0.26 2.52 0.96 0.77 0.14
>
SO
M
7 111 0.26 2.52 0.96 0.77 0.14
2
8 111 0.23 1.03 0.96 0.88 0.14 S
>
p
p
o
CO
9 111 0.23 1.03 0.96 0.88 0.14
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
6
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
CO
c U
MN/m2 >-
deg F
degC
15 3
Si Heat treatment ^5
-o CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 1/1
s
CO (0 m
1 H 1742 F( 950C), 4 h, air cooled; 1000 28.1 0.2 45. 27. 17. (9.85) 2118
1250 F( 677 C), 4 h, air cooled. 538 194. 310.3 186. 117. (68. )
2 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 9.2 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 64.
1995F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
3 111 Material 2, forged. 1076 42.7 6.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 44.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Casting. 580 294.2 31.5
o
1995F(1090C), air cooled; o
1345F(730C), 5 h. I
5 111 Material 4, forged. 1076 42.7 2.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. o
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 17.5
1345F(730C), 5 h. H
M
6 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 17.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. M
580 294.2 119.5
r
Casting. CO

1345 F(730C), 5 h.
1995 F( 1090 C), air cooled; 580 294.2 95.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Casting. 580 294.2 127.5
1995 F( 1090 C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 135.5
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
Q
Proportional limit,
1E
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
*t
a> CO S?
3 Chemical composition, % by wt.
MN/m2
CO
MN/m2
u
>._ E <a Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
deg F
C c ra
degC
g
ksi
**-O
ksi
3
Si gzS
CO o ac 6
j
2
n
C Mn Cr Nb P S
o o
Q Si Ni Mo V HI cc
o
10 111 0.21 0.93 1.35 1.09 0.88 0.16 o

t-1
>
II
n 111 0.21 0.93 1.35 1.09 0.88 0.16 O
O
*i
co
1.51 2.46 0.75 0.15 H
12 111 0.25
M
ra
CO
i
W
M
f
13 111 0.25 1.51 2.46 0.75 0.15 >
o
14 111 0.13 1.28 0.88 0.84 0.15
O
>
>
15 111 0.13 1.28 0.88 0.84 0.15
16 111 0.25 1.25 1.07 0.57 0.19
1
>
17 111 0.25 1.25 1.07 0.57 0.19 r
o
K)
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
3 0)
106 psi
o
C >-
degF
degC
is Si Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
co
(D M % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h n
S Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ul
10 111 330 lb(150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 3.4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 23.5 stand.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
11 111 Material 10, forged. 1076 42.7 3.1 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F( 1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 21.5 stand.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
12 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 1.4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting.
580 294.2 9.8 stand.
s2
1345F(730C), 5 h.
a
13 111 Material 12, forged. 1076 42.7 2.0 Ring specimen tested in IR-1 o
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 13.7 stand. O
i
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
o
14 111 330 lb(150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 13.4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 92. stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 3
a
1345F(730C), 5 h.
r
15 111 Material 14, forged. 1076 42.7 13.9 Ring specimen tested in IR-1 CO
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 96. stand.

1345F(730C), 5 h.
16 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 11.1 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 76.5 stand.
1995 F( 1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
17 111 Material 16, forged. 1076 42.7 11.4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F( 1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 78.4 stand.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
a
3b re
JZ
E 5?
as
3
QJ
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. <J !.->= "55 "* CO cy
U
c .- E > E 0)
3
E < o CO
.2 SI
c o ac O
rc 2 *J a o
S Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Nb B Ce Ti CO
K cc
1- 111
o
18 75 0.17/ 1.0/ 0.8/ 0.7/ 0.15 0.005 0.05 o
0.25 1.5 1.1 1.0
o
It
2!
O
19 75 0.17/ 1.0/ 0.8/ 0.7/ 0.15 0.005 0.05 Room 138. 116. co
H
0.25 1.5 1.1 1.0 950. 800.
M
13 CO
1049 94.3 87. CQ
I
565 650. 600. fa
t-1
>
o
2!
+ Ti 20 14 "[0.2 1 1 <1 <1]
>
+ Ti,B 21 13 0.17/ 0.9/ 0.8/ 0.7/ 0.005 0.15 Room 130.5 112.
0.24 1.5 1.1 1.0 900. 770.
1049 87. 84.

565 600. 580.
a
S
>
r1
o
K!
CO
re
3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
6
3 o form and size, history of material. ksi re
C
3 re S1 E MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is Si Heat treatment
z
strain. stress. stress. time.
re
re t; re
M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h _re
W1
s
to
Q LLI MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
18 75 Soviet steel 20KhMFBR (EP44) 977 42.7 24.8 Residual stresses have been
525 294.2 171. scaled from a small plot.
2012 F( 1100C), air cooled; 1004 42.7 24.2
1112F(600C), 3 h; 540 294.2 167.
1337F(725C), 6 h.
1049 42.7 21.3
565 294.2 147.
1076 42.7 17.8
580 294.2 123.
19 75 Soviet steel 20KhMFBR (EP 44) 1004 42.7 20.7 "Typical values. " 3
540 294.2 143. o
13 Some data have been scaled from o
1112F(600C), 3 h;
1049
565
25.8
170.
42.7
294.2
24.7 18.6
170. 128.
a small plot.
aM
1337F(725C), 6 h. O
1076 42.7 21.0 15.5 o
580 294.2 145. 107.
ko
20 14 Soviet steel 20KhlMlFT 932 42.7 36.4to 33.6tt Tension specimens.
36.7 34.8
500 294.2 251 to 231 to
253 240 a
pd
932 42.7 $4.3 to 31.7tc Ring specimens; bending. r
CO
35.0 33.6
500 294.2 236 to 219to
241 231
21 13 Soviet steel 20KhlMlFlTR (El 182) 1049 43.5 23.9 18.9

565 300. 165. 130.
1795 F( 980 C), oil quenched; 1076 43.5 20.3 14.5
Tempered 1290 F( 700C), 6 h. 580 300. 140. 100.
Modified Cr- Mo-V Steels
Q
CO
M Vt -^ S ._ E >._ E
* .- E
5 s o 2 s
Cr Ni Mo W
o
22 96 0.18/ 0.20/ 0.20/ 2.7/ 0.35/ 0.85 0.45 Room 106.7 o
0.25 0.50 0.40 3.0 0.45 max. max. 735.7
F
>
o
t-l
z:
o
CO
33
M
co
CO
i
W
r
>
H
s
>
23 78 0.16/ 0.25/ 0.2/ 2.4/ 0.5 0.35/ 0.6/ 0.3/ Room 131 114 12 44 S3
0.24 0.60 0.4 3.3 0.55 0.85 0.5 902 785 M
Room 136.5 121 13.5 50
941. 834.
932 94. 87. 7.5 36 M
S3
500 647. 598. II
932 94. 91. 9. 44

500 647. 628. >
r
1022 81. 80. 12. 47 o
550 559. 549. CO
1022 88. 85. 10. 45

550 608. 588.
1202 64. 62. 5.7 23.5
650 441. 427.
E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
o form and size, history of material. ksi <
GN/m2
106psi
3 u
CO
C
MN/m2
deg F

degC
Is
3
strain, stress, stress. time, Relax at ion-test procedure and comments
9 Heat treatment O
a> CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
IA
s a
CO
22 96 German DIN steel 21CrVMoWll. 662 42.8 31.2 28.7 2700

350 295.1 215. 198.
"Heat treated". 662 26.6 24.4 2700
35.7
350 246.1 183. 168.
662 28.6 21.4 20.0 2700
350 197.2 147.5 138.
842 42.9 21.2 17.3 2700
450 295.8 146. 119.
842 38.7 18.9 15.0 2700
450 266.8 130. 103.
842 28.9 14.9 12.1 2700 o
450 199.3 103. 83. S
1022 41.5 21.2 9.4 2000 aM
550 286.1 146. 65. O
o
1022 37.0 18.2 7.0 2000
550 255.1 125.5 48. ko
1022 28.6 15.0 6.3 2000
550 197.2 103. 43.
23 78 Soviet steel El 415. 932 25.6 0.311 56.9 37.3 32.7 28.5 25.7 3141 UIM-5 Relaxation machine.
3
500 176.5 392.3 257. 225.5 196. 177.5 Specimens 5. 9 in. (150 mm) gage a
2100F(1150C), air cooled; length x 0. 5 in. (12 mm) diameter. CO
932 0.192 42.7 31.7 28.7 25.5 25.3 1569
1920 F (1050 C), oil quenched; 500 294.2 219. 198. 175.5 174.6
1200 F( 650 C), 20 h.
932 0.168 42.7 29.9 27.3 24.9 23.6 4525
500 294.2 206. 188. 172. 163.
932 0.113 28.45 22.0 20.2 17.9
500 196.1 152. 139. 123.5
1022 24.75 0.213 42.7 30.2 27.0 21.9 17.9 1912
550 170.6 294.2 208. 186. 151. 124.
1022 0.164 35.6 27.7 21.9 19.6 16.3 2132
550 245.2 191. 151. 135. 112.
1022 0.166 35.6 24.9 22.3 18.8 16.5 1500
550 245.2 172.1 154. 129.5 114.
1022 21.3 19.8 18.9 17.1 16.8 1784

550 147.1 136. 130. 118. 116.
Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels. Initial Stress 41.5 to 45 ksi ( 286 to 310 MN/m2)

o
O
18 %
18
18
H
19
21 3
19
23
22 22 19 18
o
1 19
1 21
2 to 17
M
1.
co
40 CO

M
I 10,000 >
a
V
I
4
Hours
S
30 30 30
200
200 - 200
Z
: - 2

>
A
O

a a
I
* 20 20 A
20 A -o
"5 o
3 3 3
TJ Additions
"3!
"3! Nb
0)
100 100 A -
o 2
ec * Nb,Ce, B S
10 10 10 * Ti >
F
* Ti,B F
100 O
1000 W
CO
Hours Hours Ni,W
400 500 C 500 500 C

-O
0 o 0 0 0
600 800 1000 900 1100 900 1100
Temperature, F
Residual Stress after 10,000 h at 1076 F (580 C), from Initial Bending Stress of 42.67 ksi (294.2 MN/m2).
All Data Source 111. Cast Forged
Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications Cr-W-Mo-V (+Nb) Co-Cr-Mo-V (+Nb)
Matl. No. 131 2 133 4 134 16 139 6 147 8 145 14 10 12 12 14 16 17 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

132 3 5 135 17 140 7 148 9 146 15 11 13 13 15 18 21 23 25 27 29 31 33
Page No. 188 208 188 208 190 210 190 208 192 208 192 210 210 210 226 226 226 226 228 228 228 228 230 230 230 230
C 0.21 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.23 0.13 0.13 0.21 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.24
Cr 2.28 2.28 2.26 2.26 1.25 1.25 2.52 2.52 1.03 1.03 1.28 1.28 1.35 1.51 2.35 2.35 2.34 2.34 1.42 1.42 1.23 1.23 1.41 1.41 2.39 2.39
Mo 1.1 1.1 2.45 2.45 1.07 1.07 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.88 1.09 2.46 1.20 1.20 2.38 2.38 1.12 1.12 0.98 0.98 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.18
V 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.77 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.88 0.75 0.48 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0. 83 0. 83 0. 58 0. 58
W 2.50 2.50 2.0 2.0 1.50 1.50 2.50 2.50
Co 2.01 2.01 2.24 2.24 O
Nb 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.14 0,14 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.28 0.25 0.16 0.16 tI
S5 0.93 w
D
20
O
p
o
15 M
W
f
o
CO
0
z
10 u
O O
3 O
TO p
O
- 50
'M o
-a
9

P "5
D
o (9
TJ
P 'in

p
P
P O O 9
P 0

o
P

Steels Containing 0.6% or More Tungsten
Cr-W-Mo
Cr-W-V
Cr-W-Mo-V
and Modifications
Relaxation data for the above three classes are shown together on page 234, plus results for a
single lot of Cr-W steel ( Material No. 1 ).
Comparative 10,000-hour relaxation strengths for Cr-W-Mo-V castings and forgings, both with
and without Nb additions ( Material Nos. 12-25), are included on earlier page 219.
Data for thin strip of a Soviet steel containing 0.7 C and 2. 5 Si ( Material Nos. 6 and 7 ) have
not been shown graphically.
Co-Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
Materials No. 26 thru 33, with either 2. 01 or 2. 24% Co, are part of the study summarized on
page 219.
221
Cr-W-Mo Steels
E
an
Chemical composition, % by wt. | U. o S ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c S?
o ^ 2 s
Mn Ni Mo W
O
Cr-W 0.20 0.34 0.22 1.75 1.70 Room 114.2 80. 28 41 Charpy impact 65. 8 ft. lb. (89. 2 Joules) O
787.4 552.
Room 120.7 89. 19 70 Charpy impact 53.1 ft. lb. ( 72 Joules ).
832.2 614.
Charpy impact 30. 0 ft. lb. (40. 7 Joules)

o
0.43 0.44 0.28 0.86 0.50 0.81 Room 149.2 109.4 18.5 52.
1029. 754.3 Stress for 0. 01% creep/ 1000 h at 1000 F o
(538 C) : 6. 35 ksi (43. 8 MN/m2)
</>
N 0.38 0.76 0.24 0.63 0.60 1.19 0.023 0.020 Room 129.1 67.5 21.8 57.9 Stress for 0. 01% creep/ 1000 h at 950 F
890.1 465.4 (510C): 18. 5 ksi (127.6 MN/m2) H
17.0 ksi (117.2 MN/m2) I
a
M
1
IT
N 0.39 0.76 0.25 0.38 0.59 1.08 0.021 0.050 Room 121.8 105. 19 57.
>
839.4 724.
rI
0.76 0.22 0.66 Hardness: VPN 307 O

0.38 0.52 1.21 Room 135.4 20.8 58.6
933.5
>
2.5 Si 44 [0.7 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.02 0.02]
a
w
a
M
a
>
r
r
9
* Typical analysis.
of
1 _3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
o
3 0) form and size, history of material. to
* U_ o o S.'E ksi (0

3
Heat treatment e * en
jlj T3 "C
strain. stress. time. U
<u CO
s % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 3
s CO
CO CO
D 0)
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
1 H 1742 F( 950 C), 8 h, oil quenched; 842 0.21 50.0 38. 32.5 (26.8) 2505
1202F(650C), 2 h. 450 344.7 262. 224. (185.)
932 0.2 40.0 27. 19.5 (8.75) 3908
500 275.8 186. 134. (60.3)
2 H 3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 1000 18.4 0.2 37.0 20. 11. ( 3.5) 2119
1654F(900C), 8 h, oil quenched; 538 126.9 225.1 138. 76. (24.1) M
M
1202F(650C), 4 h. t"1
cz>
3 N 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 950 45.0 32.5 20.3 (13.5) 2350 O
O
1725 F( 941 C), 1 h, air cooled; 510 310.3 224. 140.0 (93. )
1200 F( 649 C), 2 h. 950 30.0 25.2 19.2 (12.5) 1296
24.9
510 171.7 206.8 173.8 132.5 (86. )
4 N 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 950 30.0 9.35 96

As received. 510 206.8 64.5
5 F 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. Hot rolled. 850 24.0 0.125 29.9 26.5 22.7 (19.5) 1704 5.8 o
1650 F ( 900 C ), oil quenched; 454 165.5 206.15 182.7 156.5 (134.5 )
1225 F( 663 C), drawn.
I
6 44 Soviet alloy steel EI-722. Room 227.6 226.7 225.4 222.7 46,50C M
Strip 0. 013 in. (0.32 mm) thick x 1569. 1563. 1554. 1536.
0. 27 in. (6. 75 mm) wide.
1830 F( 1000C), water quenched;

Tempered in a lead bath at 770- M
3
790F(410-420C).
Strip passed thru at 9. 8 ft. /min.
(3 m/min.)
Cr-W-Mo Steels
to
to
f
2 ._ E >._ E
* I
O vt
? -*z

6
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W O
O
2.5 Si 44 *p.7 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.02 0.02]
o
2
O
Tl
CO
H
W
M
en
CO
I
SO
M
s
I>
3JO
M
2
a
>
CO
* Typical analysis
i/f
Residual stress. 6
3 0)
o form and size, history of material. ksi
C
3
8."-" o o. c MN/m2
a? stress, stress. Z? Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment <B "o -a o2o strain. time. o
n ts % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
i o MN/m2 h h h h h
1- LU
MN/m2 LU
7 44 Soviet alloy steel EI-722 140 78.9 77.4

60 544.3 533.5
Strip 0.013 in. (0.32 mm) thick x
176 78.9 74.5
0. 27 in. (6. 75 mm) wide.
80 544.3 513.9
CO
1830F(1000C), water quenched. 212 78.9 68.3 H
[Material 6, not tempered]. 100 544.3 470.7 W
M
257 78.9 63.6 F
CO
125 544.3 438.4 O
302 78.9 56.9
o
150 544.3 392.3
347 78.9 50.9
175 544.3 351.1
%
392 78.9 45.8
200 544.3 315.8
437 78.9 41.5 o
225 544.3 286.4
w
527 78.9 35.6 w
275 544.3 245.2
M
572 78.9 33.6 >-3
300 544.3 231.4
a
CO
M
as
Cr-W-V Steels

CD
f CO M
>._ E
? 2> o * Z -* Z
2 s
2
& *
=5 2 E
Mn Cr Ni Mo W Zr O
O
0.43 1.30 0.25 2.0 Room 116.9 89.0 22 63 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
806.0 614. 950 F(510C): 16ksl(110 MN/m2)
Charpy impact 34. 5 ft. lb. (46. 8 Joules)
>-3
o
i(
o
0.48 0.23 0.23 1.32 0.28 1.78 0.008 0.010 Room 233.5 150. 14 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at *l
43
1610. 1034. 950F(510C):15.2ksi(105 MN/mz) co
H
M
CO
+ Zr 10 67 0.28 1.72 0.64 0.64 0.16 Room 122.3 107. 16.5 68

843.4 735.5 H
S
932 83.2 80. 13. 73
500 573.7 549.
>
M
(1
>
f
F
O
CO
Residual stress,
Test temperat
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ M
ksi
O Q- .=
deg F
degC
Heat treatment
z strain, stress, stress, time,
CO % ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
LU MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
1652 F( 900 C), 8h, oil quenched; 950 22.9 0.2 30.0 24.5 18.3 9.7) 2520
1292F(700C), 4 h. 510 158. 206.8 169. 126. (67. )
1000 20.6 0.2 30.0 17.3 12.4 2706
538 142. 206.8 119. 85.5
3w
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 850 50.0 40.0 34.5 (30. ) 528
M
1650 F( 900 C), oil quenched;
454 344.7 276. 238. (207. ; f
CO
1200 F( 650 C), tempered. 950 26.0 30.0 21.0 15.3 (10. 5) 1152 O
(By manufacturer). 510 179. 206.8 145. 105.5 (72.4) O
1000 25.0 17.3 (10.8) ( 8.0) 384

538 172.4 119. (74.5) (55. )
10 67 "Heat treated". 932 26.0 42.7 30.5 26. 19. Solid cylindrical specimens in 8
500 179.5 294.2 209. 179. 129. tension.
w
H
B
CO
M
2
Cr-W-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5S
0) GO
MN/m2
CO
u
MN/m2
N
C >._ E c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
degF
degC
CD
3 g
ksi
ksi
g-Sz
CO
!H 3
ac o
-
S
a>
**
ra
CO
o o
o
s s d>
o
CO
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W Nb P UJ
o
11 87 0.23 0.42 0.18 1.34 0.39 0.51 0.86 0.011 0.025 S
oz,
12 111 0.26 2.35 1.20 0.48 2.50 o
co
a
H
CO
13 111 0.26 2.35 1.20 0.48 2.50

CO
14 HI 0.26 2.35 1.20 0.48 2.50 0.17

3
55
15 HI 0.26 2.35 1.20 0.48 2.50 0.17 >
s
16 111 0.24 2.34 2.38 0.45 2.0
17 111 0.24 2.34 2.38 0.45 2.0 0.12

>1
t-
r
o
K!
18 111 0.24 2.34 2.38 0.45 2.0 0.12 CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 O
C
>
deg F
degC
."2 strain, stress, stress, time, '3
Si Heat treatment
03 <a
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 t
ra ksi h m
S
CD
11 87 Skoda steel T56. 932 42.67 35.1 33.4 Residual stresses have been
2102F(1150C), lh, air cooled; 500 294.2 242. 230. scaled from a published plot.
1922F(1050C), 1/2h, oil quenched 932 42.67 35.8 32.4
1328 F( 720 C), 2 h, air cooled. 500 294.2 247. 223.
12 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 3.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. H
Casting. 580 294.2 21.6 M
M
1885 F( 1030 C), air cooled; f
1345F(730C), 5 h. o
O
1885F(1030C), air cooled; 580 294.2 16.7
1345F(730C), 5 h. 3
14 111 Material 12 + 0.17% Nb. 1076 42.67 3.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 23.5 o
1345 F( 730 C), 5 h.
O
50
1995 F( 1090 C), air cooled; 580 294.2 31.4 O
1345F(730C), 5 h. 53
B
16 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 1.9 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. a
Forging. 580 294.2 12.8
O
1885 F( 1030C), air cooled; ui
H
1345 F(730C), 5 h. W
3
Casting. 580 294.2 18.6
1345F(730C), 5 h.
1995 F( 1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 31.4
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Cr-W-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
CO
o
>._ E
0> * Z X Z a * z
2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo W Nb O
O
111 0.23 1.42 1.12 0.82 1.50
i
>
S
20 111 0.23 1.42 1.12 0.82 1.50 0.28 z
o
H
S3
M
21 111 0.23 1.42 1.12 0.82 1.50 0.28 ca
en
i
S)
w
f
22 111 0.24 1.23 0.98 0.82 2.50
23 111 0.24 1.23 0.98 0.82 2.50

>
s
24 111 0.24 1.23 0.98 0.82 2.50 0.25
25 111 0.24 1.23 0.98 0.82 2.50 0.25 2

g
>1
tr
f
O
K!
tn
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
form and size, history of material. ksi **-re
GN/m2
3
106 psi
E O

degF
degC
[re strain, stress, stress, time, o
S Heat treatment
0)
re
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h </>
3
5
to
Q MN/mz h h h h h MN/m2 LU
Casting. 580 294.2 22.6
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Casting. 580 294.2 68.7 w
w
1995F(1090C), air cooled; C
1345F(730C), 5 h. 09
O
o
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 67.7 >
II
1345F(730C), 5 h.
s
22 111 330 lb. (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 1.7 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 11.8
i3
1345F(730C), 5 h.
O
1345F(730C), 5 h.
580 294.2 13.7
5
H
24 111 Material 22 + 0.25% Nb. 1076 42.67 4.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. H
Casting. 580 294.2 28.4 a
1345F(730C), 5 h. H
M
3
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 44.1
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Co-Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
Q
1E
portional limit,
>t temperature,
xt
nsile strength,
a?
c/i
S
MN/m2
MN/m2
O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
deg F
c
degC
C
g
ksi
3
ksi
CO
is S o
CO &
c
s a C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Co Nb P S e 1-

o
oc o
i- UJ
o
26 111 0.22 1.41 1.15 0.83 2.01 S
3
27 111 0.22 1.41 1.15 0.83 2.01
O
*i
en
H
W
28 111 0.22 1.41 1.15 0.83 2.01 0.16 M
en
w
ft)
M
29 111 0.22 1.41 1.15 0.83 2.01 0.16
3
30 111 0.24 2.39 1.18 0.58 2.24
>
31 111 0.24 2.39 1.18 0.58 2.24
32 111 0.24 2.39 1.18 0.58 2.24 0.16

s
>
r
33 111 0.24 2.39 1.18 0.58 2.24 0.16
o
i
1E
mperature,
a) form and size, history of material. -3 -=!~ u
3 o o S. E ksi CO
C
egF
egC
E
o ^ strain. MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"to 5> Heat treatment stress. stress.
<-<0) to
JO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
5
CO
O 0)
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
26 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.8 Ring specimen in 1R-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 61.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
27 111 Material 29, forged. 1076 42.7 5.3 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. o
580 o
1885 F( 1030 C), air cooled; 294.2 36.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
28 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 58.
1345F(730C), 5 h. 3
M
W
29 111 Material 31, forged. 1076 42.7 6.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand. f
1975F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 42.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
Casting 580 294.2 23.5
1345F(730C), 5 h. 3
1885 F( 1030C), air cooled; 580 294.2 9.8 >
1345F(730C), 5 h. S
CO
Casting 580 294.2 33.
1975 F( 1090 C), air cooled;
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
1975 F( 1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 33.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
*Cr-W, SCr-W-Mo, $Cr-W-V, and JCr-W-Mo-V Steels.

o
9 o
1 3
II
8
11
5 9
9 1 11 >
5 1 2
3 11 1(
8 11 3 9 8 O
1
9 10
9 8 2
o
10 3 co
>-3
40 S>
f M
CO
CO
I
SO
V
V w
7
F
- T
0
>
0<< 30 30
V 200 200 o
Z
P
M
/ ft
7
in
/ 1 >
V)
a>
20 20
/ ft 20
1 ' *
o
3
v I \0 # ft^V o
3
8
100
100 - '3!
O
1000 h . 2
10 10 10
c3 S
842 tot 50 F 932 to 950F 1000F >
tr1
(450 to 454 C) (500 to 510 C) (538 C) O
K!
CO
200 300 MN/m' 200 300MN/m' 200

0 0 0 i 0 0
30 40 50 20 30 40 50 20 30 40
o Elasticity
factor 5.8
Initial stress, ksi
Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels
Results of tests run with from 0.15 to 0. 21% strain for both of these classes of steels have been
plotted on the same graphs of residual stress versus test temperature ( pages 246-247), with solid
symbols used to indicate the presence of vanadium.
Residual stress of Ni-Cr-Mo steels as a function of initial stress are shown on page 248 for the
test temperatures where sufficient data points were available to give a reasonable picture. Attention
has been called on this plot to isolated points for a Ni-Mo steel ( Material No. 1), and for one of the
Ni-Cr-Mo-V lots.
No distinction has been made on the plots for data on weld metal ( Material No. 2,3,13), tests of
bolts (Material No. 19, 20), or of a Ni-Mo-V plate with no reported chromium content ( Material No. 22).
But marginal notes signal these features in the tabular listings.
235
Ni -c r- Mo Steels
1E
B
S i Q
se
Test tempera
Tensile strer
3 u 8 Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
MN/m2
Proportional
c
deg F
C >._ E
degC
3 o
ksi
*-o
ksi
CO
."2 8
<E
re
ra ac
s
eg
a C Mn Or Al Ti o D
0)
Si Ni Mo V P S DC o
o
UJ
Ni-Mo l N 0.33 0.63 0.28 0.09 2.70 0.44 0.045 0.02 Room 102.4 45. 25 55 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
706. 310. 930 F (500C): 14.3 ksi (98.6 MN/m2)
Weld 2 T 0.10 1.30 0.60 0.40 1.25 0.30 0.05 0.03 0.03 Room 102
metal 93 max. 1.80 max. max. 2.50 0.55 max. max. max. 703.
Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
(-18 C): 65 ft. lb. ( 88 Joules ). s
o
CO
H
Weld 3 T 0.09 1.85 0.30 0.91 2.10 0.54 0.018 0.01 0.006 0.007 Room 145. Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F SO
metal 1000. M
93 (-18C): 50 ft. lb. (68 Joules). CO
CQ
w
>
4 H 0.28 0.86 1.97 0.35 Room 128.0 44. 16. 43. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
882.5 303. 1022F(5 50C): 1. 95 ksi (13.4 MN/m2)
s
i-3
5 H 0.26 0.19 0.19 1.11 1.90 1.16 Room 117.1 86. 23. 61 Stress for 0. 00001?o/h creep rate at
807.4 593. 1022 F (5 50 C): 4.3 ksi (29. 6 MN/m2) >
o
a
M
6 H 0.42 0.69 0.25 0.72 1.84 0.34 0.015 0.019 Room 117.1 71.
807.4 490.
22. 56. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
932F(500C): 17 ksi (117 MN/m2) s
II
w
7 H 0.32 0.58 0.22 0.75 1.92 0.47 0.013 0.010 Room 120.8 80. 21. 61. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at a
832.9 552. 842 F (450 C ): 40. 2 ksi (277 MN/m2) w
8 93 0.15 0.31 0.27 1.30 2.23 0.35 0.010 0.018 Room 102. 84. 26. 75 >
703 579. r
o
GO
in
_3
3 ._ N Initial
Residual stress,
Final
o
3 0)
u form and size, history of material. ksi CO
C 8."- o O &,=
>
"TO a Heat treatment
E $ 2 strain, stress, stress. time. U
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h

s Q r-
(0
CO
HI
1 N 17-3/8 in. (440 mm) diameter 930 21.2 25.0 15.1 (13.5) (11.0) 415
As received. 499 146.2 172.4 104. (93. ) (76. )
2 T Weld metal, deposited by metal arc 1000 56.9 33. 25. 23. 24 Automatic relaxation machine,
93 from 3/16 in. (5 mm) diameter 538 392.3 227.5 172.5 158.5 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
coated E-11018 electrodes.
1050 51.8 26. 17. 14. 24 Specimens 0. 252 in. (6. 4 mm) dia.
As welded. 566 357.2 179. 117. 96.5
3 T Weld metal, deposited by inert-gas 1000 78.6 48. 33. 25. 24 Automatic relaxation machine,
538 541.9 331. 227.5
o
93 metal arc from 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) 172. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
I
diameter AX-140 wire.
1050 65.3 32. 17. 11. 24 Specimens 0.252 in.(6.4 mm) dia.
o
566 450.2 220.5 117. 76.
As welded.
4 H 2280 F( 1250C ), 10 h, furnace cool; 1022 23.3 0.21 30.0 13.3 4.6 3196
1740F(950C), 2 h; 550 160.6 206.8 91.7 31.7
Equalize at 1112F(600C);
O
Furnace cool to 662 F (3 50 C ) at
i
18 deg. F/h ( 10 deg. C/h).

5 H 2280F(1250C), 10h, air cool; 1022 19.9 0.2 25.0 16.0 6.3 (1.32) 2230 o
1922 F( 1050C ), 10 h, air cool; 550 137.2 172.4 110. 43.4 (9.1 ) <!
1202 F( 650 C), 3 h, furnace cool.
S3
M
a
6 H 1742 F(950 C), 8 h, air cool; 932 21.0 0.2 30.0 26. 19.5 (117.) 3869 r
CO
1202 F( 650 C), 2 h, furnace cool. 500 144.8 206.8 179. 134.5 (80. 7)
7 H 1750 F( 954 C), 8 h, air cool; 842 27.4 0.196 39. (35.4) 3530
1200F(649C), 1 h, air cool. 450 188.9 269. (244.)
8 93 HY-80(lean). Open hearth - air 1000 51. 26. 16. 14. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
melted. 538 351.6 179. 110. 96.5 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick.
1050 43. 18. 10. 9. 24
566 296.5 124. 69. 62.
1700 F( 925 C), water quenched;
1290F(700C), water quenched. 1100 41. 12. 8. 7. 24
593 282.7 83. 55. 48.
Ni-Cr-Mo Steels
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
^9
E 0) Chemical composition, % by wt. to"
MN/m2
u
MN/m2
3 03
c
deg F
degC
C
g
ksi
3
ksi
CO
a s o
3
-
<5 3.
s
CO
C D
CO eo
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Al N P s O
111
0)
CC o
o
9 93 0.20 0.28 0.23 1.48 3.04 0.47 0.010 0.015 Room 103. 84. 27. 75 Charpy V-notch Impact strength at 0 F
710. 600. (-18 C): 129 ft. lb. ( 175 Joules ).
o
z
10 93 0.18 0.30 0.22 1.65 2.91 0.42 0.009 0.028 Room 120. 105. 24. 71 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F o
827. 724. (-18 C): 90 ft. lb. (122 Joules).
Room 125. 109. 25. 73 H
862. 751.5 M
900 86. 73. 26. 76 en

482 593. 503. S3
M
1000 75. 66. 24. 82 r
>
538 517. 455.
11 93 0.11 0.78 0.29 0.56 5.03 0.42 0.05 0.015 0.011 0.008 0.006 Room 154. 143. 18. 62 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F o
1062. 986 (-18 C): 99 ft. lb. ( 134 Joules ). 21
O
Room 148. 140. 22. 69 >
1020. 965.
>
900 103. 90. 21. 79
710. 621. O
482 w
a
1000 98. 82. 22. 80
538 676. 565.
12 93 0.10 0.17 0.31 0.73 5.66 0.34 0.08 0.005 0.007 Room 150. 140. 21. 68 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
1034. 965. (-18 C): 88 ft. lb. ( 119 Joules ).
900 110. 97. 22. 77.
482 758. 669. >
1000 87. 74. 22. 80 f
o
538 600. 510. !
^
1 Specifications, type melting, deoxidation.
a
3
<A
2
3 form and size, history of material. ksi en
C O o Q-^
E z MN/m2 >- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!<5
3
3 Heat treatment >E "o "aff o strain. stress. stress. time, o
en
CO
re
V)
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:>
V* (0
D 1- Hi MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
9 93 HY-80(rich). Open hearth. 1000 51. 20. 12. 10. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 538 351.6 138. 83. 69. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
1700 F( 925 C), water quenched; 1050 46. 11. 7. 5. 24
1290F(700C), water quenched. 566 317.2 76. 48. 34.5
10 93 HY-100. Open hearth. 950 71.5 37. 26. 23. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 510 493.0 255. 179. 159. 4000 lbf (18,000N) capacity.
1650F(900C), water quenched; 1000 67.8 28. 21. 18. 24
1150F(620C), water quenched. 538 467.5 193. 145. 124. o
1050 52.8 18. 11. 10. 24 I
566 364. 124. 76. 69. o

1100 39.4 11. 5. 3. 24
593 271.6 76. 34.5 20.7
11 93 HY-130. Electric furnace-Air 900 100. 70. 58. 54. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
melted. 482 689.5 483. 400. 372. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity. O
1
Plate, 2 in. (50 mm) thick. i
950 94. 56. 48. 46. 24 S
1500F(815C), water quenched; 510 648.1 386. 331. 317. o
1075 F( 580 C ), water quenched.
1000 77. 46. 35. 33. 24
538 530.9 317. 241. 227.5
w
1050 65. 34. 20. 15. 24 w1
566 448.2 234. 138. 103.5 tr
CO
12 93 HY-130 (SR). Electric furnace, 950 86.0 57. 49. 47. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Air melted. 510 593.0 393. 338. 324. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
Plate, 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 1000 84. 52. 41. 35. 24
1500 F( 815 C), water quenched; 538 579.2 359. 283. 241.
1075 F( 580 C ), water quenched.
1050 70. 40. 28. 22. 24
566 482.6 276. 193. 152.
Ni -c r- Mo Steels
i
CO
Proportional limit,
1E
Test temperature,
89 o
u si
GO
3
I.-'E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
>._ c
deg F
degC
C
3 Id l s. g (0
ksi
S u * Z
CO =5c 2 6 E &
c
o
6
a>
s CD
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S r-
o
LU
0)
or O
O
ii
O
SS
13 93 0.11 0.75 0.38 0.61 5.03 0.47 0.01 0.004 0.006 Room 152. 141. 19. 59 o
Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
1048. 972. (-18C): 53 ft. lb. ( 72 Joules ). CO
H
W
a
CO
co
14 95 0.41 0.77 0.21 0.81 1.78 0.25 0.006 0.005 70 160. 147 19.9 61.9
M
21 1103. 1014
650 139. 117 20.5 71.2
343 958. 807
O
15 95 0.41 0.73 0.26 0.80 1.76 0.25 0.006 0.005 70 157. 144 17.8 60.0
21 1082. 993.
>
650 138. 112. 21.5 72.5
343 951. 772. 8
16 116 0.12 0.42 0.25 0.73 1.61 0.79 68 114to
128
85. l6.
s
20 785to 588.
883
932 71.
2
57.
500 490. 392.
>
f
r
O
CO
17 116 0.12 0.42 0.25 0.73 1.61 0.79
%/5D.
di
s
V)
_3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
w
o
it,"
3 0)
u form and size, history of material. <0 3 CM
ksi CO
C o O..E
z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
s
3 >
stress. stress. time.
Heat treatment o ? 10 strain. [5
R)
CO
(0 VI CO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h to
5 Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
Weld 13 93 5% Nl weld metal In 2 In. (50 mm) 950 98. 62. 50. 46. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
metal plate; Gas metal arc;Electrode dia. 510 575.7 427.5 345. 317. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
0.045 in. (1.14 mm); 225 F( 107 C ) 17. 24
1050 92. 36. 23.
preheat;Heat input 40 kilojoules/in. 117.
566 634.3 !48. 158.5
As welded.
14 95 AISI 4340. 650 27.3 0.15 39.0 38.7 37.1 34.2 32.6 3600 Manual step-down test. o
1600F(870C), 2.8h, air cooled; 343 188.2 268.9 266.8 255.8 235.8 224.8 Results have been scaled from a
1525F(830C), 2.8 h, oil quenched; plot.
970F(520C), 4 h, air cooled.
n
i
15 95 AISI 4340. 650 26.0 0.15 38.0 37.5 35.8 33.5 32.5 3600 Automatic relaxation tester.
1600 F( 870 C), 2. 8 h; air cooled; 343 179.2 262. ( 258.6 246.8 231.0 224.1 Results have been scaled from a o
1525 F( 830C), 2. 8 h, oil quenched; plot.
970F(520C), 4 h, air cooled a
a
16 116 "Heat treated". 932 1.78 106.7 61. 51. 44. 300 Nickel-plated specimens, tested U2
500 735.5 422. 353. 304. in automatic machine with sensi-
tivity about 0. 4 ksi (3 MN/m' ).
932 1.62 98.1 68. 60. 41. 900
500 676.7 471. 412. 284.
932 1.18 94.2 71. 65. 58.5 48 plot.
500 649.2 490. 445. 403.
932 0.5 83.8 68. 62. 57. 48
500 577.6 471. 428. 390.
932 0.3 67.1 60.5 56. 50. 48
500 462.9 417. 385. 347.
17 116 Annealed 1650 F( 900 C). 932 1.65 52.6 37.7 32.7 30.6 200 Same as for Material 18.
500 362.8 260. 226. 211.
Ni-Cr-Mo Steels
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
0)
o Chemical composition, % by wt. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
MN/m2
3 a>
>._ E
deg F
degC
C C
g Ô
ksi
3
ksi
CD
!s 8
0) TO CD
cn
C -riat
s
co (0
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S
o
UJ o
o
18 116 0.19 0.44 0.47 0.80 0.85 0.90 68 114to 85. *10
128
20 785 to r
>
883 588.
8
19 119 Bolt c omDO sition 2,
0.56 0.30 0.024 0.013 68 185.
o
0.40 0.77 0.25 0.52
20 1275. CO
662 145.
Nut c< impos ition M
350 1000. CQ
0.08 1.51 0.61 14.70 24.71 1.34 0.016 0.009 CO

I

f
20 32 0.32 0.50 1.55 1.45 0.22 Room 147.2 '128.7 69 3

1015. 887.5
s
l-H
21 4 0.13 1.24 0.39 0.645 0.82 0.265 0.085 0.021 0.016 Room 105 85.6
0.125 1.21 0.34 0.705 0.82 0.25 0.08 0.011 0.019 723 590. a
Room 85.6 66.3
Cu 590. 457. >
Sn Nb r
0.13 0.014 0.033 C
0.11 0.012 0.036 o
CO
%/5 D. *Yleld point.
Test temperature,
* Re sidual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial 6
E form and size, history of material. Final u
09 ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
CO
(J
C
>
deg F
degC
3
stress, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment strain, time,
co
re cu % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
Q
18 116 932 0.53 81.1 67. 57.5 48.6 45 Automatic relaxation machine with
500 559. 461. 396. 335.4 sensitivity about 0.4 ksi (3 MN/m ).
plot.
19 119 Bolt: AISI 8740 steel. 662 0.458 98.9 95. 90. 80. Nut height = 1 dia.
Nut: German Aircraft Specification 350 681.6 652. 620. 549. Test length 95 mm( 3-3/4 in.)
LN 1.4944. 662 0.394 85.2 82. 77. 67.5 52.5
Bolts M 12 bolts with 12-point head Results have been scaled from a
350 587.4 564. 530. 466. 363.
plot.
662 0.312 67.6 65.5 62. 54. 42.7 o
I
350 466. 451. 427. 373. 294.
o
662 0.208 45.0 44. 42. 39. 31.5
350 310. 304. 290. 267. 217.
>
o
Bolt 20 32 DIN34CrNiMo6. 797 0.18 11.4 Bolt specimen tested in a block.
1525 to 1580F(830to860C), oil 425 78.5 Results have been scaled from a o
quench; 1000 to 1255 F(540to680C) plot. i-i

M
W
IT1
21 4 BS1501-281 (Ducol W30, Gr. B) 1022 0.15 27.3 20.0 15.2 12 Average relaxation data have been
Basic open hearth. 550 188.5 138. 105. scaled from a plot showing values
Plates 1. 0 and 4. 875 in. ( 25 and 1067 0.15 25.1 16.9 for two heats.
10.9 12
125 mm) thick. 575 173. 116.5 75.
1750 F( 950 C), air cooled; 1112 0.15 21.9 13.0 7.0 12
Tempered 1200 F( 650C). 600 151. 89.5 48.3
1157 0.15 19.0 9.3 4.8 12
625 131. 64.3 33.
1202 0.15 16.5 6.25 1.8 12
650 114. 43. 12.5
Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels
e a
a
CD
t t
a?
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c S s>
o
a.
o
z
i-i
Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
Ni-Mo-V 121 0.10 1.08 0.13 1.06 1.08 0.16 0.012 0.022 Room 136. 119. 20. 60
938. 820.5
8
o
*l
GO
W
23 121 0.11 1.01 0.15 0.29 1.58 0.28 0.11 0.010 0.028 co
CM
s
i-3
a
>
24 121 0.13 1.03 0.15 0.55 1.58 0.28 0.10 0.011 0.028 >
25 0.24 0.75 0.17 1.09 2.41 0.47 0.22 Grain size 6 to 8. BHN 248.
Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at

II
1050 F ( 566 C ): 8.0 ksi ( 55.2 MN/m''
s
>
IT
F
O
!
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
O
C
o
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3
a>
Heat treatment
re % ksi 1 12 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
22 121 Plate 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1022 0.15 21.3 16.1 Specimens sampled at 1/4 of the
550 146.9 111.0 plate thickness.
1688 F( 920 C), air cooled. 1067 0.15 20.2 14.6
575 139.3 100.7
1112 0.15 15.7 10.7
600 108.2 73.8
1157 0.15 7.8 2.5
625 53.8 17.2
o
23 121 Plate 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1022 0.15 20.8 16.6 12.5 72 Specimens sampled at 1/4 of the I
550 143.4 114.5 86.2 plate thickness.

1688F(920C), air cooled; 1067 0.15 16.3 12.3
1616 F( 880 C), air cooled. 575 112.4 84.8
1112 0.15 13.9 9.2
600 95.8 63.4 O
-t

1157 0.15 10.1 5.1 2.5 72
625 69.6 35.2 17.2 o
24 121 Plate 3 in.(75 mm) thick. 1067 0.15 18.1 12.3 8.1 72 Specimen sampled at 1/4 of the
575 124.8 84.8 55.8 plate thickness. S3
M
1688 F( 920C), air cooled; M
1616 F( 880 C), air cooled. 1157 0.15 11.0 5.6 2.5 72 r
CO
625 75.8 38.6 17.2
25 N Forging, 18 in. (460 mm) diameter. 1050 25.0 11.9 (10.9) (10.5) 262
1640F(895C), AC to 1200F(650C); 566 172.4 82.0 (75.2) (72.4)
1550 F( 845 C), fan cooled;
1150 F( 620 C), furnace cooled.
Same specimen, reloaded 1050 25.0 14.5 (13.5) (13.0) 237

566 172.4 100.0 (93.1) (89.6)
Same specimen, reloaded again 1050 25.0 15.2 (14.4) (14. 0) 259
566 172.4 104.8 (99.3) (96.5)
Ni-Cr -Mo Steels
0.15 to 0.21 % Strain.
Ni-Cr -Mo-V Steels
o
14"
22 15 " >
23 "
21 22 21
" o
M 24
24 22 '
21 23 24 21
23 24 o
23 21 23 23
21 o 21 21 CO
22 21 22 21 H
40
1
W
o M
o co
1 Hour 10orl2 Hours P
50
M
30 30
200 200
O
Z
in
>

w> 20 20

"o o M
3 s
TJ 3 55
100
o
- 100 U O
Vt
0
m Q)
0 at w
S3
10 10
o

> o
! f
O
600 C 700 400 500 C 600 700
1 o o I 1
1000 1200 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature, F Temperature,F
141*
7
IS
14
6 '*
19 6
S 20
4 5
4
40
o
o | 0
1 2
o
100 Hours 1000 Hours o
o
0
o
o
30 30
200
z
0
O
S,
o
20 20 o
o o
3 3 3
o -o
'vi 100
O o
0
o
10 10
o
0
400 C 500 400 500 C

0 1 1 o 0 i
600 800 1000 600 800 1000
Ni-Cr - Mo Steels

IS 16
' ' 16 12 O
o
16
'8
'6
13 " S
" 16 ^ 2 3
id
it
11 21 12 r
12 13
IA
21 8 10 11
13 >
s
17
11 5 2 3
U 4
6
6 25
6 10 M
88 ' O
- 10 *J
1 10 5 9 co
1 4
M
CO
80 CO

930 to 950 F 1022 to 1067F F
o >
(500 to 510 C) (550 to 575 X)
o
8
60 / 0 60
400 400 ~

M \
z
5 >

A
7

7 3
o
40
o
40
Q
0

3
TJ
s
A
TJ 0
a
*M
*3i 200 200 a

2

a>

O / A. o
at
20 20
o
o o 1 h F
F
El .
. 10 h
A 100 h
O
Kj
CO
1000 h

200 400 MN/m? 600 800 200 400 MN/m' 600
I
o o 1 * 1 Q Ni-Cr-Mo
20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100
Ultrahigh Strength Steels
Modified H-ll
9Ni-Co Steels
18 Ni Maraging Steel
AM-350 ; AM 355
Limited data have been combined for these quite-different types of high-strength steels (Room-
temperature yield strength near 185 ksi [1275 MN/m2]).
Reported relaxation tests were of relatively short duration, with only one data point for a time
beyond 100 h.
Results for AM-350 and AM-355 at 600 and 800 F (316 and 427C) have not been shown graphically.
For the other materials, the data included here show the modified H-ll steel to have much higher relax-
ation strength at 900 F( 482 C ) that did the other types.
249
Modified H-ll
9 Ni -Co Steels
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
^9
eJ^
3 V
u Chemical composition, % by wt. M CO
MN/m2
MN/m2
>._ E c 0)
deg F
C
degC
!s 3 o
ksi
ksi
CO
SI fc * s
2 o
CD
*-
CO
2 CO
Dl
aa>
s
C
CD cc
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Co P s o o
CC
o
1 X *f0.4 0.3 0.9 5.0 1.3 0.5] 0.025 0.025
max. max.
C
>
2 93 0.19 0.28 0.009 0.80 9.02 1.08 0.06 4.52 0.006 0.004 Room 196. 185. 18. 66. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F o
1351. 1276. (-18C):48ft. lb. (65 Joules).
o
Room 204. 181. 20. 64. *J
1407. 1248. CO
H

900 152. 129. 19. 67. a
510 1048. 889. CQ
CO
I
1000 140. 106. 21. 73. SO
a1
538 965. 731. r
>
3 93 0.28 0.29 0.10 0.56 8.26 0.47 0.15 3.82 0.005 0.005 Room 199. 185. 18. 62. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F
1372. 1276. (-18C):40ft. lb. (54 Joules ). H
o
ti
>
4 93 0.11 0.06 0.067 2.20 9.91 0.98 8.00 0.005 0.005 Room 200.
1379.
185. 19.
1276.
76. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F oso
(-18C): 130 ft. lb. (176 Joules).
Room 209. H
191. 18. 70.
1441. 1317.
900 158. 131. 18. 66.
482 1089. 903. a
so
il
950 148. 121. 19. 67.
510 1020. 834.
>
f
o
!
cc
" ,_
fl
Initial 2
3 ID form and size, history of material. ksi re
C O o o. t
1 MN/m2
El's Relaxation-test procedure and comments
>
Is strain. stress, stress, time. 'o

8 Heat treatment > *o *D
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
03 e> a
(A
S Q t- LU MN/mz h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
1 X Vascojet 1000 ( Modified H-ll steel) 900 117. 100. 78. 57.5 500 Relaxation-cylinder test.
l/2-inch-20 studs. 482 806.7 690. 538. 396. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
2 93 HP 9-4-20. Electric-furnace air 950 103. 73. 61. 56. 24 Automatic relaxation tester;
melted; vacuum-arc remelted; 510 710.2 503. 421. 386. 4,000 1bf. (18,000 N) capacity.
carbon deoxidized.
Plate 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 1000 103. 66. 65. 44. 24
1650 F( 900 C), air cooled; 538 710.2 455. 448. 303.
1550 F( 845 C), water quenched;
a
F
1000 F( 540 C ), water quenched. >-3
a
>
3 93 HP 9-4-25. Electric-furnace air 950 101. 72. 57. 52. 24 Automatic relaxation tester; x
o
tt
melted; vacuum-arc remelted; 510 696. 496. 393. 359. 4,000 lbf. (18,000 N) capacity.
carbon deoxidized. a
Plate 2 in. ( 50 mm ) thick. 1000 78. 59. 47. 41. 24 CO
H
1650 F(900C), air cooled; 538 538. 407. 324. 283. S3
W
aH
1550F(845C), water quenched;
1000 F ( 540 C ), water quenched.
X
4 900 124. 67. 52. 24 Automatic relaxation tester.
93 Vacuum induction melted; 91.
Vacuum-arc remelted. 482 855. 627. 462. 358.5
M
Plate 1/2 in. ( 13 mm ) thick. M
950 120. 77. 33. 17. 24 F
CO
1500F(815C), water quenched; 510 827.4 531. 228. 117.
950F(510C), 5 h, water quenched.
950 98. 68. 35. 18. 24
510 675.7 469. 241. 124.
1000 93. 44. 14. 9. 24

538 641.2 303. 96.5 62.
AM-350 & 355
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
as
e/i
u
0)
MN/m2
MN/m2
c W
degF
>.. E
degC
C
o
ksi
3
ksi
S s
aj
re
as
*> 3 ac
o
o
o
s a C o
CO
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Fe N P S
o
5 Q 0.089 0.76 0.24 16.37 4.11 2.73 Bal. 0.090 Room 215.2 140.6 181.1 9.
148.4 969. 1249.
600 190.2 94.8 143.6 8.5
316 1311. 654. 990. 3
800 185.2 80.3 132.3 8.5
427 1277. 554. 912. o
*i
CO
6 Q 0.089 0.76 0.24 16.37 4.11 2.73 Bal. 0.090 Room 290.5 242.7 287.9 3.5 H
2003. 1673. 1985. S3
M
CO
600 257.6 191.0 244.1 2.5 CO
I
316 1776. 1317. 1683. S3
800 242.6 173.5 224.5 4.5
427 1673. 1196. 1548.
H
7 Q 0.092 0.77 0.20 16.55 4.05 2.87 Bal. 0.090 Room 265.0 261.6 2.
O
1827. 1804.
600 235.9 232.9 2. o
316 1626. 1606. >
>
800 223.1 213.8 4.5
427 1538. 1474.
S3
8 Q 0.13 0.95 0.54 15.00 4.22 2.65 Bal. 0.11 Room 287.7 1.5 M
1984. 3
600 268.5 254.5 2.5
316 1851. 1755. a
2
800 249.0 235.7 3.5
427 1717. 1625. S
>
t-1
r
o
CO
_3 Residual stress. 6
3 0)
u form and size, history of material. ksi re
C
"re 3 MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment gE -aa -S% strain. stress. stress. time.
re
%
0)
& re re
(A ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
Q
H UJ
5 Q AM-350 strip or flat. 600 25.5 120. 111. 96

1710 F (930 C), 5 mln., air cool; 316 176. 827.4 765.
-100F(-75C), 3 h;
850F(455C), 3 h, air cool. 800 25. 120. 103.9 96
427 172. 827.4 716.
6 Q AM-350, strip or flat. 600 26. 160. 153.8 96 a

1850F(1010C), 15 min. , air cool; 316 179. 1103. 1060.
Cold roll 50%;
>
850F(455C), 3 h, air cool. 800 25. 160. 121.6 96 a
427 172. 1103. 838.4 o
a
s>
7 Q AM-350, strip or flat. 600 26.5 160. 153.8 96 %
H
1850F(1010C), 15 min., air cool; 316 183. 1103. 1060. a
Cold roll 50%;
850F(455C), 3 h, air cool. 800 26. 160. 121.6 96
427 179. 1103. 838.4
a
M
r
CO
8 Q AM-355 600 26. 160. 144.6 96

-100F(-75C), 3 h; 316 179. 1103. 1000.
Cold roll 30%;
850F(455C), 3 h, air cool. 800 25.5 160. 109.6 96
427 176. 1103. 755.7
18 Ni Maraging Steel
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5 u. o ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

I (A *^
E J i * z * z
s 2 s
Mn Ni Mo Co O
O
93 0.003 Less 0.005 17.90 2.96 7.73 0.20 0.003 0.007 Room 192. 184. 14. 64 Charpy V-notch Impact strength at 0 F
than 1324. 1269. (-18 C): 59 ft. lb. ( 80 Joules). f
0.02 Room 186. 177. 68 >
1282. 1220. 3
900 130. 109. 17. 68
482 896. 751.5 o
*i
950 123. 101. 20. 72 CO
H
510 848. 696. W
M
a>
oa
i
IS
H
>
s
o
>
>
s

tt
>
r
f
o
to
Residual stress,
E o ^ stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment 03 "O "O
ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h

MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
93 Vacuum induction melt. 850 137 81. 67. 58. 24 Automatic relaxation machine.
Plate 2 in. ( 50 mm) thick. 454 995. 558.5 462. 400.
1500F(815C), water quench; 900 124. 81. 66. 57. 24
900F(482C), 16 h, water quench. 482 855. 558.5 455. 393.
900 95. 70. 56. 48. 24
482 655. 483. 386. 331.
925 115. 70. 50. 37. 24
496 793. 483. 345. 255.
f
950 107. 52. 29. 17. 24
510 738. 358.5 200. 117.
1100 60. 19. 9. 6. 24 a
593 414. 131. 62. 41. x
CO
HI

M
O
ru
H
M
B
f
CO
n
Mod. H-ll
9Ni-Co
18Ni Maraging *
o
o
S
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below ti
ii
f
1
4
>
14' 2 4
9
9
3 2
s
4 2
9 o
9 4 4 9 4 9 4
y
100 ml
1 1 / so
0
950 F (510 C) 1000'F (538X)/ w
CO
CO
l h 600
^ 600
W
80
m1
80 100 h^
A
80 t-
c >
A
o
0 s2
60 60 60 \
500 h# T
24h
400 400 o
N*
400
z
$
H
A >
M
o
T
o a 3
3
40 40 40 W
M
"In
a
3
z
S
200 200 200
a** T.fc
w
20 20 20
S
T < I.
1100 F >
900F (482 C) (593C) c-1
o
600 MN/m1 800 1 600 800 400| 600 MN/m' K!
0 1 0 0 1 o 0 CO
80 100 120 140 80 100 120 140 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi
12% Cr Steels
Materials covered in this section range from plain 12% Cr steels to those containing up to five deliberate
alloy additions, mostly in amounts of from 1 to 3% except for boron, arranged in the following order:
Material numbers
12 Cr (Includes 16 Cr 2 Ni) 1-6
12 Cr-Mo 7-11
12 Cr-Nb 12-17
12 Cr-W, (Mo) 18-20
12 Cr-W,V 21-26
12 Cr-Mo, V 27-33
12 Cr-Mo, W, V 37-85
12 Cr-Mo, V,Nb 86-99
12 Cr-Mo, W,V,Nb 100-113
12 Cr-Mo, W, V, Nb,B 114-117
12 Cr-5Co,W,V 118-126
12 Cr-4Co,Mo,V,Nb 127-128
19 Cr-2Mo 129.
Although a majority of the lots included were from commercial production, at least one-fourth of the
materials were stated to have been laboratory heats, and others not so reported may well have been. Some
of the compositions, processing, and heat treatments employed fall outside usual commercial practice.
Many tests at singular conditions are presented only in the tables.
A graphical display of the 100-hour residual stresses as a function of temperature for a nominal strain
level of 0. 2% (P. 314) provides a rough comparison of the relative relaxation strengths of the various com-
position classes. The data available suggest that addition of Nb alone exerts far greater strengthening than
does addition of either Mo or W alone. But these data undoubtedly also reflect a consistent difference in the
heat treatments employed, as well as differences in the initial stress obtained on loading to the same strain
level: The three lots each of the 12 Cr and 12 Cr-Mo types were all tempered after air cooling from finish
rolling at 1450 F( 790C); the 12 Cr-W had been normalized from 1900 or 2012 F( 1040 or 1100C), and then
tempered; the 12 Cr-Nb lots were either oil quenched or air cooled from 2000 F( 1095C ) or higher before
tempering.
Despite a considerable range in austenitizing temperature, and whether oil quenched or air cooled, all
vanadium-bearing types appear to fall in the same band of residual stress versus temperature, at roughly
the level found for 12 Cr-Nb.
The 12 Cr steels show the familiar pattern of higher residual stress with increased initial stress ( pp.
315, 317, and 318. )
Page 316 shows residual stresses at 100 and at 10,000 hours for 0. 2% nominal strain level in 12 Cr-Mo,
W, V materials, for test temperatures between 800 and 1200 F( 425 and 650C). Data marked by a solid circle
were all for the quenched + tempered condition. Of possible significance, the few open-circle points falling
near the lower edge of the scatter band were for the normalized + tempered condition ( Material No. 48) or
for a treatment not reported ( Material No. 73).
Among the data not shown graphically were some of the tests comparing relaxation under bending versus
that in tension ( Material Nos. 73, 74, 75, and 114).
257
12 Cr
1E
Q
portional limit,
it temperature,
nsile strength,
0) CO
MN/m2
CO
MN/m2
U
>._ E c
deg F
CD
degC
C
g
ksi
3
ksi
CD
SI CO *o
s
<0
o c
CD
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V AI Sn p s t- ct
o
cc o
1- UJ
o
1 N 0.11 0.36 0.17 12.78 0.01 0.010 0.020 Room 98.5 56. 23. 72.
679. 386.
>
t-H
O
O
*j
2 N 0.14 0.43 0.35 12.2 0.20 0.003 0.017 Room 115.5 60. 22. 69. CO
796.3 414. H
S3
M
3 H 0.11 0.44 0.39 12.04 0.31 0.015 0.010 Room 103.9 74.9 24. 66. S3
716.4 516.4 M
>
4 H 0.11 0.44 0.39 12.04 0.31 0.015 0.010 Room 106.4 78.9 24. 64.
733.6 544. O
2!
>
5 H 0.10 0.35 0.34 12.43 0.29 0.01 0.01 Room 111.4 88.4
768.1 609.5
21. 67.
333
M
8
16Cr 6 X *0.20 1.00 1.00 15.00 1.25
max. max. max. to to M
2 Ni S3
17.00 2.50

>
r
o
CO
'Nominal composition.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
a
0)
106 psi
c >-
degF
MN/m2
degC
Is
3
3 Heat treatment '5
0)
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h K
CO JS
1 N 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 930 21.8 25.0 8.7 (7.5) 330
1800 F( 980 C), 1/2 h, water quench; 499 150.3 172.4 60.0 (52. )
1200F(650C), 1 h, furnace cool.
[Same specimen, reloaded] 930 25.0 9.7 (8.1) 168

499 172.4 67. (56. )
2 N 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 931 21.4 25.0 10.3 8.9 ( 7.6) 1054
1800F(980C), l/2h, water quench; 499 147.6 172.4 71.0 61.4 (52.4)
1200 F( 650C), 1 h, furnace cool.
3 H 1. 25 x 5 in. ( 32 x 127 mm). 1000 0.2 13.8 10.7 8.0 ( 5.6) 3531
Finish roll 1450 F( 790C), air cool; 538 95.2 73.8 55.2 (38.6)
1157F(625C), temper.
4 H 1-5/16 x 1-3/16 in. (33 x 30 mm). 800 0.2 27. 21. ( 16.) 2546
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C), air cool; 427 186. 145. (110.) CO
-3
1157F(625C), temper. M
1000 0.2 12.5 9. 6.4 ( 3.6) 2531 H
f
538 86.2 62. 44. (24.8) CO
5 H 1-1/8 x 4-11/16 in. (28. 6 x 119 mm) 1000 0.2 18.2 14.4 11.1 ( 8.6) 2540
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C), air cool; 538 125.5 99.3 76.5 (59.3)
1175F(635C), 15 h;
1100 F(595C), 15 h.
6 X Type 431 stainless steel. 700 95.8 75. 68. 67.8 150 Automatic relaxation tester.
AN6C bolts. 371 660.5 517. 469. 467.5 Data have been scaled from :i plot,
700 67.25 55.5 48. 47.5 150

Bolts 371 463.7 383. 331. 327.5
900 95.8 41.5 23. 20. 150

482 660.5 286. 159. 138.
900 63.25 28.6 20. 18.8 150

482 436.1 197. 138. 130.
12 C r-M o
i i
Q
S I 3?
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. s5 u. o is .- E = .- E >
5? CO
E CO
3 o
-e -o a * Z
CO
.2 8 g ^| 3. o
ca a c
M
o o o
1- o
CO
2 Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V P S
O)
or
r- UJ
o
7 H 0.13 0.35 0.32 12.31 0.36 0.19 Room 114.9 92.9 24.5 66.
792.2 640.5 h-l
r
>
8
8 H 0.10 0.43 0.31 12.67 0.41 0.32 0.020 0.008 Room 117.4 84.9 23. 67.
809.4 585.
o
en
SO
M
TO
TO
9 H 0.09 0.50 0.28 12.35 0.41 0.29 0.020 0.021 Room 112.4 82.4 24. 68.
775.0 568.
o
t
10 H 0.10 0.43 0.31 12.67 0.41 0.32 0.020 0.008 Room 114.9 84.9 23. 67.5
792.2 585.
>
3
11 88 0.13 0.8 0.40 12.2 0.6 0.03 0.03

max. max. max. max.
2
>
F
O
K!
TO
2 Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 _3 Residual stress.
Final
o
E form and size, history of material.
C u ksi to
"5 E 2$ stress. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments

Heat treatment strain.
a)
</> %
CO
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
fc D r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
7 H 1-3/16 x 5-7/16 in. (30 x 138 mm). 1000 0.2 17.8 13.9 10.7 ( 8.0) 2540
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C), air cool; 538 123. 95.8 73.8 (55. )
1175F(635C), 15 h;
1100F(595C), 15 h.
8 H 1-1/4 x 2-11/16 in. (32 x 68 mm). 800 0.2 35.0 31.0 ( 27.) 2545
Finish roll 1450 F( 790C), air cool; 427 241. 214. (186.)
1000 0.2 21.0 16.0 12.3 ( 7.0) 3530
538 145. 110. 85. (48. )
9 H 3/4 x 1-1/8 in. (19 x 28.6 mm). 900 0.2 26.0 20.0 15.8 (12.2) 3016
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C), air cool; 482 179.3 138. 109. (84.1)
1000 0.2 15.7 12.0 8.7 ( 6.0) 3311
538 108.2 83. 60. (41.4) o
CO
10 H 1-7/16 x 5-1/16 in. (36. 5 x 129 mm), 900 0.2 26.5 22.3 19.2 (15.0) 4055
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C), air cool; 482 182.7 153.8 132.4 (103.) M
M
1157 F (625 C), temper. r
1000 0.2 17.0 13.5 10.4 3520 CO
538 117. 93.1 71.7
1050 0.2 15.8 11.8 7.7 ( 4.5) 2882

566 109. 81.4 53. (31. )
11 88 110 lb (50 kg) basic induction furnaci Oding ring method. (Bending).
Cast in 55 lb (25 kg) ingots; 1022 35.56 0.2 4000 Result was scaled from a small
Forged to bars; 550 245.2 1.5 plot.
1920 F( 1050C), oil quench;
1200 to 1255F(650to680C),
temper.
12 Cr-Nb
e a
1b .c
'i ^p
Chemical composition, % by wt. CM s?

O
c ._ E
CO
0> Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Pi
C
!s
3 & 2" o> ô '35
z g CO
8 g -o -o
o> * Z
S * CO 0
c a co -au
s
CO co
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Nb P S 1-
o
ex Lll
CC
o
o
12 H 0.15 0.53 12.28 0.26 Room 138. 103. 20. 64. Izod Impact 40 ft. lb. (54 Joules).
951.5 710. tI
>
3
13 H 0.15 0.52 12.56 0.46 Room 135. 99. 18. 64. Izod impact 35 ft. lb. (47. 5 Joules).
930.8 682.6 o
CO
>-3
a
M
CO
14 H 0.09 0.30 0.36 12.72 0.39 0.32 Room 131.9 95.9 18. 52. Charpy impact 22 ft. lb. (30 Joules). i
a
909.4 661. M
>
15 H 0.09 0.42 0.42 13.42 0.77

o
0.32 Room 137.9 95.9 16. 49.
950.8 661. o
>
>
16 H 0.06 0.50 0.40 12.17 0.70 0.30 Room 117.0 57.9 21. 62. Charpy impact 31 ft. lb. (42 Joules).
806.7 399. o
a
w
17 H 0.11 0.49 0.38 12.09 0.12 0.32 Room 130.5 19. 61. Charpy impact 35 ft. lb. (47. 5 Joules). Q
899.8
a
a
s
>
f
t-1
O
K!
TO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 3 Residual stress.
Final
o
3 0) form and size, history of material, cu u_ o i TE ksi CO
CO
3
SI Heat treatment
c p O)
C CD 0)
t"% stress, MN/m2 stress.
>
tf %
CD
ft)
CO
A ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h W)
fe CO CO CO
12 H Laboratory Induction heat. 1000 0.2 30. 25. 18.5 (13.3) 3178
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 538 207. 172. 127.5 (91.7)
2000 F( 1095 C), oil quench;
1200 F(650C), air cool.
13 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 30. 22. (16.2) 3179

1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 538 207. 152. (112.)
2050 F( 1120 C), oil quench;
1200 F(650C), air cool;
1200F(650C), air cool.
14 H Laboratory induction heat. 900 0.2 41. 38. 34. (28. 5) 2480
1 in. ( 25 mm ) diameter. 482 283. 262. 234. (196.5 )
2012F(1100C), 2 h, air cool;
1200 F(650 C), 2 h, furnace cool. 1000 0.2 31.5 25. (19.5) 2573
538 217. 172. (134.5 )
CO
15 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 31. 26. 21.2 2133 H

2012 F( 1100C ), 2 h, air cool; 538 214. 179. 146. H
t-1
1200F(650C), 2 h, furnace cool. CO
16 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 26.5 18.8 (10.4) 4188

2012 F( 1100C ), 2 h, air cool; 538 183. 130. (71.7)
1200 F( 650 C), 2 h, furnace cool. /
17 H 1000 0.2 34. 29.5 23.5 (17.1) 2704
538 234. 203. 162. (118.)
1100 0.2 22. 15.3 5.0 ( 0.9) 3721

593 152. 105.5 34.5 ( 6.2)
12Cr-W,(Mo)
a
i
ju-O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
g -e -o
* z
=5 S
-* z
s ^ i
Mn Cr Ni Mo W
O
0.17 0.28 0.28 12.03 1.78 2.93 Room 143.4 87.5 16. 40. Charpy impact 30 ft. lb. (40. 5 Joules) O
988.7 603. id
t-H
H
II
O
23
19 0.11 0.29 0.31 14.15 2.05 2.46 Room 134.5 98.5 20. 55. Charpy impact 36. 5 ft. lb. (49. 5 Joules). O
927.3 679.
CO
H
VO
M
CO
CO
I
20 Q 0.24 0.87 0.13 11.76 0.51 0.43 2.81 0.40 0.053 Room 268.0 202. 8. M
1848. 1393. F
>
600 246.3 183.8| 7.5
316 1698. 1267.
800 238.4 176.6 8.
3
2!
427 1644. 1218
>
3
M
2
>
o
CO
Residual stress,
form and size, history of material. 3 .- ~
ksi
8."-" o a|
MN/m2
z strain, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment Jjt -u -5a stress, time,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
18 2012F(1100C), 4 h, air cool; 1000 0.2 23. 19. 11.8 ( 6.2) 3354
1202 F(650C), 4 h, air cool; 538 159. 131. 81.4 (42.8)
1100 0.2 16. 11. 6.5 2590
593 110. 76. 44.8
19 1900F(1040C), 8 h, air cool; 1000 0.2 21. 17. 9.4 ( 3.8) 3246
1200 F(650 C), 4 h, air cool; 538 145. 117. 64.8 (26.2)
1100 F( 595 C), 2 h, air cool.
20 Q Type 419. Strip and flats. 600 28. 160. 153.8 96

1850F(1010C), 3 min. ,air cool; 316 193. 1103. 1060. 69
1000 F( 540C), 1 h, air cool. O
800 25. 160. 108.6 96
427 172.4 1103. 748.8 H
M
M
f
12 Cr - W,V
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
3 o Chemical composition, % by wt. re
MN/m2
MN/m2
C >._ E c re
03
deg F
degC
3 o
ksi
ksi
8 O
3>
re c o
s O C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W P s t
* LU
o or
o
21 H 0.29 1.00 0.26 11.68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 126.2 75.0 23. 52. o
870.5 517.
Charpy Impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules). S
H
II
O
22 H 0.29 1.00 0.26 11.68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 142. 93. 19. 50. Charpy impact 14 to 16 ft. lb. (19 to 22 o
979. 641. Joules).
H
M
CO
CO

23 H 0.29 1.00 0.26 11.68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 153.5 103. 16. 41. Charpy impact 12 ft. lb. (16 Joules). M
1058. 710. r
>
24 H 0.32 1.29 0.42 12.5 0.21 0.07 0.26 2.44 0.020 0.015 Room 156.3 102.5 126.2 14. 41. Charpy impact 10 ft. lb. (13. 5 Joules). 3
1078. 707. 870. O
>
>
25 H 0.34 0.46 12.47 0.24 2.93 Room 133. 17. 38.

a
I
917.
2!
M
26 H 0.20 0.25 0.33 13.14 0.22 3.14 Room 146.5 19. 44. Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules). El
1010. 2
>
f
r<
o
K|
CO
0)"
3 J3 Residual stress. o
3
8."-" "S. E
CO
C U
3
E| S E MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment
z
o?0 strain, stress. time, U
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h

:
(D CO
Q y- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
21 H 4-1/16 In. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 20.5 16.1 11.3 (8.0) 2478
1900 F( 1040C), air cool; 566 141. 111. 78. (55. )
1200F(650C), 16 h, air cool;
1150F(620C), 20 h, air cool;
1400 F(760C), 5 h, air cool.
22 H 4-1/16 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 21.0 16.8 12.0 ( 7.9) 2478
1900 F( 1040 C), air cool; 566 145. 116. 83. (54.5)
1200F(650C), 16 h, air cool;
1150F(620C), 20 h, air cool;
1300 F( 705 C), 5 h, air cool.
23 H 4-1/16 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 26.0 21.2 15.3 ( 9.5) 3280
1900F(1040C), air cool; 566 179. 146. 105.5 (65.5)
1200F(650C), 16 h, air cool;
1150 F( 620C), 20 h, air cool.
24 H 2-9/16 in. (65 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 28. 23. 18. (11.7) 2700
1885F(1030C), air cool; 538 193. 159. 124. (80.7) a
H
1200F(650C), 12 h, air cool. tr1
1050 0.2 23. 18.2 12.5 ( 7.8) 2160
566 159. 125.5 86. (53.8)
25 H 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 27. 23. 18. (12.0) 3480
2050F(1120C), oil quench; 538 186. 159. 124. (82.7)
1400 F( 760C), air cool.
26 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 35. 30. 22.5 (13.3) 3354
1/2 in. (12.7 mm) diameter. 538 241. 207. 155. (91.7)
2010F(1100C), 4 h, air cool;
1200 F( 650C), 2 h, air cool;
1100 F( 600 C), 2 h, air cool.
12Cr- Mo,V
i
o
1E
Test temperature,
as
3 at
u Chemical composition, % by wt. b ._ E 2 _ P
CO N
degF
degC
3 o
ks
Tensile s
CO
MN/
ksi
Proportio
ks
MN/
MN/
Is 8
0.2%
'S
&
c
s
CO
o
(0 (0
C P o
Mn Si Or Ni Mo V S
Q UJ
o
o
27 H 0.25 1.09 11.55 0.27 2.62 0.20 s
t-c
1
IT
>
H
8
z
oTl
CO
H
28 H 0.32 1.08 0.40 11.58 0.18 2.57 0.25 0.018 0.015 Room 143.5 87.5 17. 45. SO
Charpy impact 8. 5 ft. lb. (11. 5 Joules). M
989.4 603. co
CO
i
SO
M
f
>
O
29 H 0.30 0.90 0.30 12.16 0.34 2.80 0.28 0.020 0.023 Room 107. 71. 22. 47. Charpy impact 10 ft. lb. (13. 5 Joules).
738. 490.
>
O
SO
M
30 H 0.27 1.08 0.27 11.75 0.21 2.88 0.25 0.024 0.027

3
S
>
f
o
CO
31 29 0.20 0.30 0.10 11.0 0.30 0.80 0.25 0.035 0.035

0.26 0.80 0. 50 12. 5 0.80 1.2 0.35 max. max.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
Elastic modulus,
0) form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
CO
U
C >
deg F
degC
a Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, '5
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h sm
CO
27 H 4. 5 in. (114 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 31.2 25.0 17.7 1960
2000 F (1095 C ), oil quench; 538 215. 172. 122.
Temper
1080 0.2 22.5 17.6 12.5 4058
582 155. 121. 86.
1160 0.2 15.9 10.7 ( 3.0) 573

627 110. 73.8 (20. 7)
28 H 3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32.9 27.5 20.5 1960
2000 F(1095C), 6 h, oil quench; 538 227. 190. 141.
1300 F(705C), 6 h, air cool.
1080 0.2 24.7 20.0 13.0 4208
to
582 170. 138. 89.6
1160 0.2 16.9 11.4 4.9 1080

627 116.5 78.6 33.8 CO
H
M
29 H 6.25 in. (159 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 26.5 18.5 8.8 703 M
f
2000 F( 1095 C), 6 h, oil quench; 538 183. 127.5 60.7 CO
1300 F(705C), 6 h, air cool.

1080 0.2 14.4 9.8 5.5 3026
582 99. 67.6 38.9
1160 0.2 8.0 5.7 265

627 55. 39.3
30 H 4 in. (102 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 27.3 21.0 14.7 3696
2000 F( 1095 C ), 6 h, oil quench; 538 188. 145. 101.
1300 F( 705 C), 6 h, air cool.
1080 0.2 19.2 12.5 6.2 1773
582 132. 86.2 42.8
1160 0.2 13.2 7.8 4.6 816

627 91. 54. 31.7
31 29 DIN 17006, Steel X22CrMoV121 932 0.2 22.2 14.8

DIN 17007, Material No. 1.49923. 500 153. 102.
1870-1960F(1020-1070C),airoroil
1185-1330F(640-720C), air or oil.
12Cr-Mo,V

en
* .- E ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
(A "^
8 E . e * Z x Z fc * z
to =5 S
to
2 O Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
32 32 0.25 11.3 0.70 0.90 0.31 Room 122.8 95.3 20.4 59. o
846.3 657. s
II
>
O
O
*l
CO
i-3
33 96 0.17 0.70 0.40 10.5 0.3 0.25 Room 128.0 S3
M
0.23 max max. 12.5 0.8 0.35 882.6 CO
!
CO
a
M
r
>
>
o
SI
M
2
>
tr1
f
O
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 Residual stress, 0
Initial Final
3 O
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ (V
^ S3 ,t
0 a E ksi 0
CD
deg F
degC
MN/m2
C
3 E z strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment 0
<D
re
A
% ksi 1 10 100 500 10,000 ksi h
5
[Q 2
O HI MMVm2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
32 32 DIN X22CrMoV 12.1 797 26.0 0.18 24.6 Bolt specimen tested in a block.
1870-1960 F(1020-1070C), air cool; 425 179.5 169.7 Results have been scaled from a
1255-1400 F(680-760C). plot of residual stress versus
896 24.3 0.18 16.5 12.1 30,00( temperature.
480 167.7 113.8 83.4
1004 22.0 0.18 7.7

540 151.5 53.0
33 96 DIN 17006, Type X22 CrMoV 12.1 662 57.6 51.2 49.6 48.0 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 397.2 353. 342. 329.5 determined using rings of uniform
"Heat treated". section.
662 43.7 41.0 39.7 38.3 2700
350 301.1 282. 274. 264.
662 34.4 33.1

o
36.3 32.3 2700
350 250.1 237. 228.5 223. CO
W
662 29.6 28.3 27.5 26.5 2700 M
350 204.0 195. 189. 182.
842 44.0 30.9 29.9 28.3 2700

450 303. 213. 206. 195.
842 36.6 26.6 25.9 24.5 2700

450 252. 183. 178.5 169.
842 29.4 22.3 21.6 20.8 2700

450 203. 154. 149. 143.
1022 43.8 15.8 11.1 8.2 2700

550 302. 109. 76.5 56.9
1022 36.4 16.6 10.2 7.5 2700

550 251. 115. 70.6 52.0
1022 28.5 12.9 9.1 6.8 2700

550 196.1 89.2 62.8 47.1
12Cr-Mo,V
e
sn I
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u- O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
S
o ._ E
ri
= S?
=
-8
"DS
M * o ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
96 0.17 0.70 0.40 10.5 0.3 0.25 Room 126.6
0.23 max. max. 12.5 0.8 0.35 872.8
5
o
*]
ato
w
CO
CO
I
W
W
r
>
>
a
35 88 0.15 0.8 0.4 11.4 0.6 0.6 0.03 0.03
max. max. >1
max. max. t-
f
o
CO
36 88 0.16 11.5 0.6 1.0
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 U
CO
C
y
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3
S Heat treatment
V to
re
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 500 10,000 ksi h _co
S
CO
34 96 DIN 17006, Type X22CrMoV 12.1 662 57.75 51.6 50.9 49.2 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 398.2 356. 351. 339. determined using rings of uniform
"Heat treated" section.
662 43.25 40.4 39.5 38.3 2700
350 298.1 278.5 273. 264.
662 36.0 34.0 33.0 32.0 2700

350 248.1 234. 227.5 221.
662 29.0 27.6 26.7 26.2 2700

350 200.0 190. 184. 180.
842 43.8 31.4 30.6 29.4 2700

450 302.0 217. 211. 203.
o
842 36.3 26.7 25.9 24.9 2700
450 250.0 184. 178.5 172.
M
842 29.3 22.5 21.3 20.8 2700
a
450 202.0 155. 147. 143. CO
1022 43.5 14.1 9.8 4.7 2000

550 300.0 97.1 67.7 32.4
1022 36.1 13.2 10.0 4.3 2000

550 249.1 91.2 68.7 29.4
1022 28.9 11.2 7.4 3.7 2000

550 199.1 77. 5 51.0 25.5
35 88 Melted in 120 lb (55 kg) basic in- 1022 35.56 6.8 4000 Oding ring method; bending.
duction furnace from technical iron 550 245.2 47.1 Average residual stresses from
and ordinary ferroalloys; Forged to two or more tests each have been
bars 0. 7 in. (18 mm) square, 0.35 x scaled from a plot.
0. 55 in. (9x14 mm) section, or 0. 8
in. (20 mm) diameter.
1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper.
36 88 [Same as for Material No. 35]. 1022 35.56 2.2 4000 [Same as for Material No. 35].
550 1245,2 1 15.2
12Cr-Mo,W/V
Chemical composition, % by wt. ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

MS 5 s 2 s
Mn Cr Mo W
0.22 1.02 0.80 13.59 0.61 1.02 0.25 0.30 0.022 0.015 Room 152.2 113. 19. 51. Charpy impact 18-20 ft. lb. (24. 5-27 o
1049. 779. Joules).
>
S
o
38 0.19 1.15 0.77 12.79 0.77 1.03 0.24 0.20 0.020 0.018 Room 143.5 107.3 18. 49. Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules).
M
990. 740.
CO
i
33
H
39 0.20 1.15 0.73 12.85 0.77 1.02 0.26 0.26 0.017 0.011 Room 156. 116.8 17. 41. Charpy impact 13-14 ft. lb. (17. 5-19 r
1056. Joules). >
805.3
O
40 95 0.19 0.77 0.20 12.8 0.77 1.03 0.24 1.15 0.020 0.018 70 143. 106. 16. 47.8
21 986. 731. a
>
1300 33.4 33. 92.4
704 230.
>
o
S3
41 95 0.19 0.84 0.47 12.7 0.66 1.03 0.30 0.97 70 162. '110. 16. 44. M
21 1117. 758.
8
1300 40.5
704 279. M
33
8
Rupture strengths at 1050 F ( 566 C ):
>
42 0.19 0.77 0.20 12.79 0.77 1.03 0.24 1.15 0.020 0.018 Room 144. *107. 49. f
1000 h: 46ksi (317 MN/m2). f
993. 738.
10,000 h: 37ksi (255 MN/m2).
o
Kl
Room 146. 106. 16. 43. CO
1007. 731.
1300 38. 35. 92.
704 262.
*0. 02% Offset yield strength.
iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3
+*
_3
3 . M Ini tial
Residual stress.
Final
o
u
ksi cs
11. o
3 CD
MN/m2
C
3
strain. stress, stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment O
% ksi 1 10
CO
CO nvt 100 1000 10,000 ksi h

5 Q
H uu MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
37 H 1-5/16 in. (33 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32. 28.5 22.
1900 F( 1040C), oil quench; 538 221. 196.5 152.
1150 F( 620 C), temper.
1050 0.2 31. 24.5 16.4 (10.3) 2680
566 214. 169. 113. (71. )
1100 0.2 23. 16.3 10.

593 158.5 112.4 69.
38 H 2-9/16 in. (65 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 29. 25. 19.
1900 F( 1040C), oil quench; 538 200. 172. 131.
1150F(620C), 12 h.
39 H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 34. 29. 22.
1900 F( 1040 C), oil quench; 538 234.5 200. 152. o
40 95 Modified Crucible 422. 1100 18.1 0.2 26.0 25.7 21.2 15.7 2.0 700 Manual load reductions. H
M
1600F(870C), 2 h, furnace cool; 593 124.8 179.3 177. 146. 108. 13.8 a
1900 F( 1040 C), 2 h, oil quench; CO
1250 F( 675 C), 6 h, air cool.
1100 18.2 0.2 32.0 26.1 21.7 16.3 3.1 3 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
593 125.5 220.6 180. 150. 112. 21.4
41 95 Modified Crucible 422. 1050 20.4 0.2 37.0 32.1 27.4 21.1 14.2 2.0 2000 Manual load reductions.
1900F(1040C), oil quench; 566 140.6 255.1 221. 189. 145.5 98. 13.8
1200 F( 650C), air cool.
1050 19.4 0.2 38.5 31.5 27.1 21.9 15.1 2.2 2000 Automatic relaxation tester.
566 133.8 265.5 217. 187. 151. 104. 15.2
42 U ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1000 17.4 0.2 28.0 25. 19. (13.5) 15. 5500 "Flow-rate" tests.
2. 56 in. (65 mm) diameter. 538 120.0 193.0 172. 131. (93. ) 103.
1900 F( 1040 C), 3 h, oil quench;
1150F(620C), 12 h. 1100 19.2 0.2 30.0 19. 12. 5 ( 6.0) 15. 3350
593 132.4 206.8 131. 86. (41.4) 62.
12 Cr Mo^V
i
a
1E s 1
a vi a?
3?
CO
N co*
3 0)
u fe u. O is .- E S ._ E c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
(A *. O M ^- >._
C O)
3 S> M o
s -* z *Z
CO
!s
CD CO
cCD oa. z
2 s ac o
s
CD CO
Cr W P
M
o o
ri
C Mn Si Ni Mo V S o
CD
Q <D
1- 1-
o
UJ
43 U 0.22 0.80 0.30 13.59 0.61 1.02 0.25 1.02 0.022 0.015 Room 153. *123. 18. 53. Rupture strengths at 1150F(621 C):
1055. 848. 10 h: 44 ksl (303 MN/m2 ).
Room 152. *113. 20. 51. 100 h: 32 ksi (221 MN/m2 ).
1048. 779.
o
1300 39. Z
704 269. O
*l
ca
H
W
44 U 0.20 0.73 0.26 12.85 0.77 1.02 0.26 1.15 0.017 0.011 Room 156. 117. 17 41. M
1076. 807. co
CQ
I
50
Room 159. 118. 14. 40. M
1096. 814.
1300 41. 35. 92.
704 283.
8
2!
45 U 0.19 0.79 0.20 12.79 0.77 1.03 0.24 1.15 0.020 0.018 Room 131. 103. 18. 59.
903. 710.
>
Room 130. 102 20. 59.
896. 703. O
w
1300 27. 43. 94.
704 186.
46 u 0.19 0.77 0.20 12.79 0.77 1.03 0.24 1.15 0.020 0.018 Room 143. 106. 16. 48. M
M
986. 731. so
Room 143.
986.
104.
717.
16. 48. s>
t-1
1300 33. 33. 92. F
704 227. 5 O
K)
CQ
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
GIM/m2
u
106 psi
3
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
3 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
0)
to s % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h _to
5
CO
43 U ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 900 18.0 0.1 18.0 15. 12. 11. 3834 "Flow-rate" tests.
1.31 in. (33 mm) diameter. 482 124.1 124.1 103.5 83. 76.
1900F(1040C), oil quench;
U50F(620C), temper. 900 19.8 0.15 27.0 24. 21. (18.8) 20. 3834
482 136.5 186.2 165.5 145. (130.) 138.
1000 19.1 0.1 18.0 14. 11. ( 8.0) 9. 3600

538 131.7 124.1 96.5 76. (55. ) 62.
1000 19.8 0.15 29.0 22. 18. (13.5) 15. 3800

538 136.5 200.0 152. 124. (93. ) 103.
1000 0.2 28. 22. (16. ) 20. 1850

538 193. 152. (110.) 138.
O
1100 0.2 16. 10. ( 5. ) 8. 2200
593 110. 69. (34. 5) 55.
H
44 U ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 1000 24.5 0.2 38.0 29. 22. (14.3) 17. 4000 "Flow-rate" tests. M
4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 538 169. 262.0 200. 152. (98.6) 117. f
1900F(1040C), oil quench;
1150F(620C), 12 h, furnace cool. 1100 18.0 0.2 30.0 17. 10.5 ( 5. ) 7. 3800
593 124. 206.8 117. 72. (34. 5) 48.
1200 17.1 0.2 18.0 6. 4. 225

649 118. 124.1 41.4 27.6
45 u ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1100 20.1 0.2 31.0 15.5 11. ( 5.5) 8. 2969 "Flow-rate" test.
2x3 in. (51 x 76 mm) bar. 593 138.6 213.7 107. 76. (38. )
1600F(870C), 2 h, furnace cool;
1900F(1040C), 2 h, oil quench;
1300F(705C), 6h, air cool.
46 u ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 1100 17.0 0.2 26.0 16. 10. ( 5.8) 8. 2600 "Flow-rate" test.
2 x 3 in. (51 x 76 mm) bar. 593 117.2 179.3 110. 69. (40. ) 55.
1600F(870C), 2 h, furnace cool;
1900F(1040C), 2 h, oil quench;
1250 F( 675 C), 6 h, air cool.
12Cr - Mo,W,V
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
-^.
*r
5?
E
3 a>
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5? rere
MN/m2
MN/m2
u
>._ E c
deg F
degC
C
3
ksi
0
ksi
CO
8 ^ "* Z *o
re s
o >
c 6
5
n
O C Mn Cr V W Co P S _o re
Si Mi Mo UJ IT o
o
47 u 0.22 0.60 0.36 13.03 0.68 0.97 0.38 1.05 0.016 0.014 Room 147. 110. 24. 44.
1014. 758.
r1
Room 148. 116. 22. 45. >
1020. 800.
O
48 77 0.23 0.81 0.16 13.19 0.65 1.03 0.25 0.84 0.011 0.022 Room 149. 94. 18.5 50.4 Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules). o
1027. 648.
CO
49 43 0.25 0.80 0.37 11.48 0.80 0.99 0.25 1.14 0.05 0.014 0.010 Room 156. 118. 17. 47. Charpy impact 13. 5 ft. lb. (18 Joules).
1076. 814. M
Sn Al CO
CO
0.05 0.03 i
a1
50 U 0.21 0.73 0.51 13.19 0.75 1.04 0.39 0.90 0.017 0.009 Room 140. 100. 24. 46. tr
>
965. 689.5
51 u 0.23 0.82 0.45 13.00 0.66 1.05 0.34 1.10 0.020 0.022 Room 148. 114. 20. 46. O
1020. 786. 2!
O
Room 145. 112. 22. 48. >
1000. 772.
>
52 u 0.22 0.60 0.36 13.03 0.68 0.97 0.38 1.05 0.016 0. 014 Room 118. 82. 30. 54.
814. 565.
Room 117. 82. 30. 54.

807. 565.
53 u 0.23 0.75 0.33 11.82 0.85 0.84 0.24 0.82 0.025 0.013 Room 151. 118. 16. 40.
33
1041. 814. II
54 u 0.23 0.78 0.28 12.32 0.82 0.92 0.21 0.82 0.023 0.011 Room 149. 112. 12. 38. >
1027. 772. r1
c-
o
<<
CO
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
106 psi
3 O
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
.Is
3
Si Heat treatment
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 2
5
CD
a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
47 U ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1150 16.3 0.2 21.0 12. 4. 3. 1750 "Flow-rate" test.
4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 621 112.4 144.8 83. 28. 21.
1200 F(650 C), air cool.
48 77 3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 1100 0.2 18.6 13.9 8.3 ( 3.9) 2660
1900 F( 1040C), air cooled; 593 128. 96. 57. (27. )
1100 F(595 C), 4 h, air cool;
1200 F( 650C ), 5 h, furnace cool. 1200 0.2 16. 11. 5. 0.96 980
649 110. 76. 34.5 6.6
49 43 Barstock 1050 0.21 29.5 22.5 18.7 15.4 13.5 300

1900F(1040C), 1 h, oil quench; 566 203.4 155. 129. 106. 93.
1200 F( 650 C), 6 h, air cool.
50 U 4. 06 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1150 0.2 21.0 9.5 ( 3. ) 5. 500 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F( 1040 C), oil quench; 621 144.8 65.5 (21. ) 34.5 w
1200 F (650C), air cool. H
M
M
51 U 2.31 in. (58.7 mm) diameter. 1150 0.2 22.0 10. ( 4. ) 6. 370 "Flow-rate" test.
1900F(1040C), oil quench; 621 151.7 69. (28. ) 41.4
1200 F( 650 C), air cool.
52 U 4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1150 15.0 0.2 11.0 6.5 4.5 ( 2.8) 4. 149 0 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F (1040 C ), oil quench; 621 103.4 75.8 45. 31. (19. ) 27.6
1200 F( 650 C), air cool;
1350F(730C), 6 h, air cool.
53 U 4.12 in. (104. 6 mm) diameter. 1000 21.3 0.2 34.0 25. 19. (13. ) 15. 4535 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F( 1040C), oil quench; 538 146.9 234.4 172. 131. (90. ) 103.4
1200 F( 650 C), temper.
54 U 4.12 in. (104. 6 mm) diameter. 1000 19.7 0.2 33.0 20.5 15. ( 8.5) 11. 3408 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F( 1040 C), oil quench; 538 135.8 227.5 141. 103. (59. ) 76.
1200 F( 650 C), temper.
12Cr-Mo,W,V
Chemical composition, % by wt. = "

* z *Z
s -* Z
s 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo W
O
O
0.22 0.80 0.30 13.59 0.61 1.02 0.25 1.02 0.022 0.015 Hardness: BHN 3 02 to 311.
Creep-rupture strengths at 1000 F ( 538 C):
r
ti
Time,h Stress, ksi (MN/m2 ) >
10 66 (455)
100 59 (407) 8
53
1000 53 (365) O
*i
co
>-3
56 0.22 0.77 0.33 13.24 0.76 0.99 0.25 1.03 0.021 0.018 Room 128 104.4 21. 56. Hardness: BHN 255.
M
882.51 719.8 Creep-rupture strengths at 900 F (482 C ): en
CO
Time.h Stress, ksl (MN/m2 )
M
10 80 (552)
100 76 (524)
1000 69 (476)
Creep-rupture strengths at 1000 F( 538 C): O

55
2
Time.h Stress, ksi (MN/m )
10 65 (448)
100 56 (386)
>
1000 49 (338).
W
53
O
S
>1
r1
t-
o
GO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. _3
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
o
01
u form and size, history of material. (0 3 .-
o O. t
OJ
ksi CO
C
3
E o S* E 2 strain. MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment stress. stress. time.
$ "D -O
+3
%
(0
t| n ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
09 CO J
Q 0)
UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LL1
55 R ASTM A437, Grade B4B. 1000 0.10 18.12 13.6 12.5 (11.6) 12.5 3721 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 538 125.0 94. 86. (80. ) 86.2
1-3/16 In. (21 mm) square.
Hot rolled; Commercial heat treat; 1000 0.15 31.25 21.2 18.3 (15.9) 18.12
Re-heat treat in laboratory: 538 215.5 146. 126. (110.) 125.
1900 F( 1040 C), 1 h, oil quench;
1150F(620C), 4 h, air cool. 1100 0.15 20.0 13.2 10. ( 7.9) 9.5 3675
593 137.9 91. 69. (54. 5) 65.5
56 R ASTM A437, Grade B4C. 900 0.10 20.0 16.2 15.3 (14.5) 15.5 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 482 137.9 112. 105.5 (100.) 106.9
2-7/16 x 4-1/8 in. (62 x 105 mm).
Hot rolled; 900 0.15 31.62 23.3 20.5 (18.1) 19.62 3920
Commercial quench, about 1900 F 482 218.0 161. 141. (125.) 135.3
(1040C); a
Straightened; 900 0.15 31.62 27.0 24.4 (21.6) 22.62 3601 2
Stress relieved; 482 218.0 186. 168. (149.) 156.0
Tempered about 1300 F (705 C ). M
900 0.15 31.62 27.7 26.4 (25.2) 25.62 3 M
482 218.0 191. 182. (174.) 176.7 P
CO
900 0.23 41.0 29.4 26.6 (24.1) 27.5

482 282.7 203. 183. (166.) 189.6
Above specimen, reloaded: 900 0.23 41.0 31.9 29.4 (27.1) 29.0
482 282.7 220. 203. (187.) 200.0
1000 0.15 25.62 17.0 14.0 (12.5) 14.37

538 176.7 117. 96.5 (86. ) 99.1
1000 0.15 25.62 19.9 16.8 (14.5) 16.25 2

538 176.7 137. 116. (100.) 112.0
1000 0.15 25.62 19.9 18.0 (16.4) 18.12 3

538 176.7 137. 124. (113.) 124.9
1000 0.20 31.25 19.9 16.8 (14.5) 16.25 3579

538 215.5 137. 116. (100.) 112.0
12Cr-Mo,W,V

1
S u. o S ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and infrastructure
o * ^-
-* z
g -o -o 1*1 S*
Mn Ni Mo W
O
0.22 0.80 0.30 13.59 0.61 1.02 0.25 1.02 0.022 0.015 Room 119. 93. 25. 58. Hardness: BHN 255 to 269. O
820. 641. Creep-rupture strengths at 1000 F ( 538 C):
Time,h Stress, ksi/(MN/m2) P
10 65 (448) >
100 56 (386) b
1000 48 (331)
58 0.17 0.93 0.38 12.66 0.79 0.94 0.26 1.06 0.027 0.020 Room 112.7 99.2 22.5 58.6 O
846.3 684. Tempered martensite with scattered *1
ferrlte stringers. co
-3
Hardness: BHN 255. S3
59 0.17 0.93 0.38 12.66 0.79 0.94 0.26 1.06 0.027 0.020 M
co
co

W
M
P
>
-3
60 0.19 1.00 0.72 13.49 0.77 1.07 0.36 1.02 0.020 0.012 Room 145. { 121.4 20. 58. Hardness: BHN 321. >
Izod impact 19-20 ft. lb. (26-27 Joules). *l
1005. 837. O

a
s>
p
p
O
!
co
at
5 _3
3 01 Initial
Residual stress.
Final
o
form and size, history of material. CO
ksi
8."-
3 <U CO
C o 8. E
3 r O O) E z strain. MN/m2 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is S Heat treatment
C 0)
2 " "D
<o
(0
tj M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s Q
CD
1-
CO
LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JS
LU
57 R ASTM A437, Grade B4C. 1000 0.15 25.62 17.4 14.8 (12.6) 14.38 2160 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 538 176.7 120. 102. (87. ) 99.2
13/16 in. (21 mm) square.
1900F(1040C), 1 h, oil quench; 1000 0.15 25.62 21.3 19.4 (17.6) 20.0 Above specimen, reloaded.
1300 F( 705C), 4 h, air cool. 538 176.7 147. 134. (121.) 137.9
58 R ASTMA437, Grade B4C. 900 0.15 34.85 27.9 25.6 (23.5) 25.85 3000 Robinson step-down method.
Threads Electric furnace. 482 240.3 192. 176.5 (162.) 178.2 Full-threaded section; Rolled
Round bars hot rolled;Heat treated; threads with 0. 614 in. (15 mm)
Threaded; 1000 0.15 30.85 16.0 13.8 (11.9) 15.85 3700 minor diameter.
Commercial quench, about 1900 to 538 212.7 110. 95. (82. ) 109.3
1950 F( 1040 to 1065C);
Tempered about 1300 F(705 C), 6h, 1100 0.15 19.8 10.6 8.3 ( 6.5) 8.8 3600
air cooled. 593 136.5 73. 57. (45. ) 60.7
59 R Same as for Material No. 82, but 900 0.15 34.85 26.1 21.9 (18.4) 21.35 3771 Robinson step-down method.
o
Threads with ground threads. 482 240.3 180. 151. (127.) 147.2 Full-threaded section; Ground CO
threads with 0. 619 in. (15.7 mm)

M
1000 0.15 30.85 15.5 12.7 (10.4) 12.1 3076 minor diameter. M
538 212.7 107. 87.6 (71.7) 83.4 CO
1100 0.15 19.8 10.1 7.9 ( 6.1) 6.8 3725

593 136.5 69.6 54.5 (42.1) 46.9
60 Y Crucible 422. 900 36.0 30.0 28.4 24.9 (20. 0) 21.2 6339 Initial strain corresponds to 45 ksi
1. 5 in. (38 mm) diameter. 482 248.2 207. 196. 172. (138.) 146.2 (310 MN/m2 ) stress at room
temperature.
950 32.2 26.8 24.4 23.6 270
510 222.0 185. 168. 162.7
1000 33.6 26.9 23.7 (17.7) 20.0 487

538 231.7 185.5 163. 122. ) 137.9
1050 31.0 22.0 16.2 9.8 7.2 2432

566 213.7 152. 112. 68. 49.6
1050 30.0 23.9 21.0 15.1 13.2 2310

566 206.8 165. 145. 104. 91.0
12Cr- Mo,W,V
3E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
s?
0) CO <o
3 o Chemical composition, % by wt.
MN/m2
MN/m2
a>
>._ E c
degF
degC
C <w
o a
ksi
g-Sz
ksi
3
a
sc o
<-
n o S
-ri
s CO
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W Cu P S o
Ui
a
a:
o
0.74 0.32 11.92 0.16 2.10 0.58 1.36 0.14 0.014 0.019 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311. o
61 Y 0.31 3,
s
62 Y 0.23 0.64 0.35 12.94 0.63 0.97 0.24 0.83 0.18 0.012 0.015 Hardness :BHN302to311. o
CO

M
63 Y Hardness: DPN(30kg):315 to 337. CO
CO
I

W
f
>
s
D
>
64 Y
>
sW
M
65 Y Hardness: VPH(30kg): 327 to 331.

2
>
r
f
66 Y Hardness: VPH (3 0 kg): 331 o
K!
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 u
C
>
degF
degC
8 Heat treatment
at
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
n
s
(0
61 Y Crucible 422. 950 31.0 27.2 25.3 23.1 16.7 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
2000F(1095C), 0. 5 h, oil quench; 510 213.7 187.5 174. 159. 115. MN/m1 ) initial stress at room
1300F(705C), 2 h, oil quench. temperature.
1050 26.0 23.3 21.2 18.2 11.8
566 179.3 161. 146. 125.5 81.
62 Y Crucible 422. 1050 28.0 23.1 20.0 17.0 10.0 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900 F( 1040 C), 0. 5h, oil quench; 566 193.0 159. 138. 117. 69. MN/m2 ) initial stress at room
63 Y Crucible 422 barstock. 900 37.1 33. 30. 28. 24.8 1002 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900 F( 1040C), 0. 5 h, oil quench; 482 255.8 227.5 207. 193. 171. MN/m2 ) initial stress at room
950 33.3 28.3 24.7 25.5 14.5 1052
510 229.6 195. 170. 176. 100. o
1000 35.2 30.3 27.2 22.6 (15.5) 15.9 923
M
538 242.7 209. 187.5 156. (107.) 109.6 M
f
CO
1050 33.5 26.2 23.0 18.8 10.8 10.8 1005
566 231.0 181. 159. 130. 74.5 74.5
64 Y Crucible 422 barstock. 950 31.8 28.0 25.5 22.5 (18.9) 958 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900 F( 1040C), 0. 5 h, oil quench; 510 219.2 193. 176. 155. (130.) MN/m1 ) initial stress at room
1050 30.7 26.3 23.1 18.8 (12.7) 895
566 211.7 181. 159. 130. (87.5)
65 Y Crucible 422 barstock. 1275 24.4 13.0 6.8 2.0 70 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1 in. (25 mm) square. 691 168.2 90. 47. 13.8 MN/m2 ) initial stress at room
temperature.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1275 14.0 6.4 4.7 4.0 24
691 96.5 44. 32. 27.6
66 Y Crucible 422. 1275 29.4 15.3 8.2 5.0 24 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1 in. (25 mm) square bar. 691 202.7 105.5 56.5 34.5 MN/m2 ) initial stress at room
temperature.
691 135.8 62. 40. 33.1
12Cr-Mo,W,V
e
3ra
J=
IA
.- E
in -~* >._ E
o ô "O 01 * Z -* z * z
=5 S 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
>
H
II
o
!z!
O
*J
H
SJ
W
cc
en
W
W
f
>
3
O
>
>
O
to
M
s
2
>
r
O
temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 Residual stress, o
E form and size, history of material. 3 ._ ~ Initial Final u
O
O o a^fc ksi
deg F
MN/m2
degC
C
E z
Heat treatment a strain, stress. stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
(0 (A
In
n % ksi 1 10 100 1008 10,000 ksi h V)
JO
S
CD
Q 1- UJ MIM/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
67 Y Crucible 422 barstock. 1150 56.0 30.0 24.5 18.3 16.0 194
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 621 386.1 207. 169. 126. 110.3
1150 54.4 30.9 25.8 19.4 17.7 171.4

621 375.1 213. 178. 134. 122.0
1150 53.0 31.8 26.2 15.2

621 365.4 219. 181.
1150 50.1 29.7 23.9 17.8 140.3

621 345.4 205. 165. 123.
1150 52.2 30.2 25.0 19.4 72.5

621 359.9 208. 172. 133.8
o
1150 46.9 30.2 25.3 20.5 19.3 150.6
621 323.4 208. 174. 141. 133.1
W
1150 39.2 28.2 22.8 16.1 16.0 116.5 M
621 270.3 194. 157. 111. 110.3 r
to
1150 35.5 27.8 22.6 16.8 16.4 121.2

621 244.8 192. 156. 116. 113.1
1150 16.2 15.8 13.0 10.0 9.1 169.

621 111.7 109. 90. 69. 62.7
1200 49.1 29.2 23.8 17.7 16.5 146.0

649 338.5 201. 164. 122. 113.8
1200 46.0 24.7 18.9 14.0 50.0

649 317.2 170. 130. 96.5
1200 44.6 24.4 19.0 (12.0) 12.2 93.5

649 307.5 168. 131. (83. ) 84.1
1200 45.3 24.3 18.9 (11.5) 11.8 89.4

649 312.3 167.5 130. (79.3) 81.4
Concluded on next page.
12Cr-Mo,W,V
E
3(0 f
Chemical composition, % by wt. u- O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.- E
ri
E JB o O v --.
* z
oa ^
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
O
H
3
o
A
CO
W
M
CO
CO
50
W
f
>
>
2
>
o
1E
temperature,
Residual stress, o
= ._ M o
C u -
deg F
degC
3 E z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain, stress. stress. time.
S Heat treatment
n
w V)
M
m % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
S Q 1- MN/m2 h h h h h LLI
LU
MN/m2
67 Y (Concluded). 1200 44.2 23.3 18.1 13.8 49.0
649 304.8 161. 125. 95.2
1250 38.9 18.5 12.9 4.6 4.1 113.7

677 268.2 127.5 89. 32. 28.3
1250 38.8 20.1 13.5 ( 5.1) 5.2 98.3

677 267.5 139. 93. (35. ) 35.8
1250 34.2 19.5 12.3 5.0 92.

677 235.8 134.5 85. 34.5
1250 34.1 18.9 12.0 5.3 4.9 168.0

677 235.1 130. 83. 36.5 33.8
o
1250 33.1 22.2 16.0 10.5 50.
677 228.2 153. 110. 72.4 co
W
1250 31.5 16.6 10.3 4.3 72 W
677 217.2 114.5 f
71. 29.6 CO
1250 13.0 9.5 6.2 4.4 26

677 89.6 65.5 43. 30.3
1300 26.5 10.2 4.7 2.7 25

704 182.7 70. 32.5 18.6
1300 26.5 11.5 4.5 2.8 25

704 182.7 79. 31. 19.3
1300 23.1 10.2 3.3 1.0 89.2

704 159.3 70. 23. 6.9
1300 22.9 9.7 4.3 1.9 65.4

704 157.9 67. 30. 13.1
1300 18.5 8.9 4.0 2.4 42.5

704 127.6 61. 27.5 16.6
12Cr-Mo,W,V
Q
2
a
Chemical composition, % by wt. u u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
._ E
ri
? S O *-.
= -s .2 o
o ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo
o
O
c-1
I
>
H
O
2!
O
M
IT1
>
O
>
>
M
O
M
33
s>
H
r
r
69 Hardness: VPH(30kg) 338 to 344. o
K|
03
temperature,
2 Residual stress,
CS
u
E form and size, history of material. 3 ._ N
ksi
o o o- .t
CO
C
MN/m2
degF
degC
1
3
strain. stress. stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
SI Heat treatment
co
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (A
fe
CO (A (0 CD
Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 HI
68 Y Crucible 422 bar stock. 1000 34.0 30.0 28.2 26.0 (20. 5)
As received. 538 234.4 207. 194. 179. (141.)
1200 41.2 24.8 18.6 10.7 120.

649 284.1 171. 128. 74.
1200 38.0 24.0 17.5 ( 9.5) 45

649 262.0 165.5 121. (65. 5)
1200 35.7 20.0 15.1 9.0 114.5

649 246.1 138. 104. 62.
1200 35.7 24.1 18.2 10.0 120

649 246.1 166. 125.5 69.
o
1
1200 26.3 18.9 14.3 ( 7.9) 70
649 181.3 130. 99. (54. 5) CO
H
W
M
1225 21.8 15.0 9.9 6.2 115 ir1
663 150.3 103. 68. 43. CO
1250 31.6 16.4 12.1 4.5 70

677 217.9 113. 83. 31.0
1275 16.4 9.5 4.5 1.1 46.6

691 113.1 65.5 31. 7.6
1300 17.2 6.4 3.0 2.2 25.0

704 118.6 44. 21. 15.2
1300 11.4 6.7 2.0 0.8 42.2

704 78.6 46. 14. 5.5
1 in. (25 mm) square. 691 203.4 103. 42. 26.9 MN/m2) initial stress at room
temperature.
691 116.5 41. 32. 26.9
12Cr-Mo,W,V
s
Ba
.- E
a
. i
O "> "--
oa *
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W
O
Hardness: VPH(30kg) 244 to 246. o
S!
>d
c
t-t
>
s
71 Hardness: VPH(30kg) 246 to 252.
O
w
w
u
CO
i
72 Hardness: VPH (30kg) 236to242. ffl
H
r
>
3
73 14 "p.1 12. 1. M
>
>
r
o
!
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
M
_3 o
3 ._ <N Initial Final o
3 u form and size, history of material. O CL t
ksi CO
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
.2-
"3
<5
s
3
Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, o
ra
CD
M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h lit
m

CO
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 663 110.3 34. 20. 17.2 MN/m') initial stress at room
temperature.
663 117.2 24. 15. 10.3
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 663 131.0 36.5 20.7 14.5 MN/m') initial stress at room
temperature.
663 137.9 45. 28.3 20.7
MN/m1) initial stress at room
ISO
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 663 144.8 61. 37.2 28.3 c^3
temperature. o
663 152.4 71. 47.6 40.7 H
M
73 14 Soviet type 10Khl2VMF 1040 0.100 11.7 8.1 6.1 3000 Ring specimens, bending. W
f
560 80.4 55.9 42.2 CO
1040 0.150 17.8 12.1 9.0 3000

560 122.6 83.4 61.8
1040 0.175 20.6 14.2 10.7 3000

560 142.2 98.1 73.5
Bending
vs.
Tension 1040 0.100 11.7 9.2 7.4 3000 Tension specimens.
560 80.4 63.7 51.0
1040 0.150 17.1 13.9 11.0 3000

560 117.7 96.1 75.5
1040 0.175 19.9 14.8 12.2 3000

560 137.3 102. 84.3
12Cr-Mo,W,V
2 a
3 E s?
E V 8? rea>
3 U Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
C
3
a t> .-
VI
E
V) -^ SO ._ Ê >._ E c
re
o
SI g -o -o o * Z &*| O
=5 S o ^
CO
S c a. c> >
6
(0 o o c
s
(0
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W P s o 1- o
LU
V
a:
o
74 14 o
d
t<
>
3
2!
o
CO

M
CO
CO
1

M
75 66 0.19 0.47 0.14 11.43 0.7 0.58 0.16 0.90 68

>
128. 109.5 17. 53.
20 883. 755.
1022 77. 72.5 21. 78. 8
550 530. 500.
>
76 78 0.11 0.6 0.17 11. 0.5 0.4 0.15 0.7 68 136.5 115. 14.5 58.
20 941. 794. W
0.18 1.0 0.37 13. 1.1 0.6 0.30 1.0
2
1049 79.6 77. 17. 79. z
565 549. 530. a
>
f
f
o
K!
CO
Residual stress.
CD
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. _3 o

Initial Final
3
0) form and size, history of material. CO 3 .v CN
ksi to
3 o o o-.t

C
C
3 E Z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
."2 aco Heat treatment Jj T -5 o 2 C3 strain,
co CO _co % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h CO
CO
S D CD
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
74 14 Soviet type lKhl2VMF 932 42.7 24.6 21.3 Ring specimens; bending.
to to
29.2 25.9
500 294.2 170 147
to to
201 178.5
Bending
vs-
Tension 932 42.7 28.7 24.8 Tension specimens.
to to
32.7 28.5
500 294.2 198 171
to to
226 196
o
75 66 Soviet type lKhl2VNMF 1049 42.7 20.3 14.4 Tension specimen in UIM5 tester. 1
(Alloy El 802) 565 294.2 140. 99. Gage section 0.4-0. 5 in. (10-12mm CO
1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; diameter x 6 in. (150 mm) long. W

Bending M
1290 F( 700 C), temper. 1049 42.7 21. 18. 16. 2000
vs. F
565 294.2 147. 123. 108. Oding ring specimen; bending. CO
Tension
Above specimen, reloaded: 1049 42.7 23. 16.
565 294.2 157. 109.
Above specimen, 2nd reloading: 1049 42.7 25. 18.

565 294.2 172. 126.
76 78 Soviet alloy El 802. 1040 24.9 0.23 42.7 29.4 23. 16. 13.6 2051 Specimens 0.5 in. (12 mm) diameter
1830 F( 1000C), oil quench; 560 171.6 294.2 203. 159. 111. 94.1 x 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
1200 F( 650 C), 2 h. Tested in UIM-5 tester.
Above specimen, reloaded: 1040 0.384 42.7 32.4 28.5 22. 21.2 1515
560 294.2 224. 196. 154. 146.1
1040 0.218 42.7 25.7 20.5 20.9 95

560 294.2 177.5 141. 144.
Above specimen, reloaded: 1040 0.399 42.7 32.4 26.5 19.3 15.9 17.1 2477
560 294.2 224. 182. 133. 110. 118.
12Cr-Mo,W,V
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
i
MN/m2
MN/m2
>._ E
deg F
degC
C c
o
ksi
3
-o
(D
ksi
8 *z
a! CO
o E 3.
c
(0 n o
o V
5 D C Cr W P
Mn Si Ni Mo V S L1J
o
77 88 0.8 0.4
o
0.03 0.03
to max. max. max. max.
85
>
S
77 88 0.12 11.8 0.12 0.6 0.3 1.
o
78 88 0.16 12.5 0.21 0.3 0.5 0.9 H
50
M
W
79 88 0.30 13. 0.2 0.6 0.5 1. co
W
M
80 88 0.12 11.8 0.1 0.6 0.3 2.
81 88 0.12 11.5 0.1 0.7 0.3 3.9 3

z
82 88 0.30 11. 0.7 0.7 0.3 2. >

O
83 88 0.30 10.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 3.6 w
84 88 0.33 11. 0.7 1. 0.3 2.

I
M
M
85 88 0.38 11. 0.7 1.2 0.3 3.6

>r
or
K|
CO
iE Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
O
106 psi
CQ
3
u
U
MN/m2
degF
degC
C
3
8 Heat treatment
0) to
(Q % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h iS
S a
CO
77 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
to induction furnace from technical ring method.
85 iron and ferroalloys. Average residual stress for two or
Forged to bars: 0. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
square; 0. 35 x 0. 55 in. (9x14 mm) has been scaled from a plot.
section; or 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diameter
77 88 1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; 1022 35.56 10.0 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 245.2 68.7
78 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 35.56 5.8 4000

1200-1255 F( 650-680C), temper. 550 245.2 40.2
79 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 35.56 7.8 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 245.2 53.5 o
80 88 1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 9.0 4000 CQ
550 294.2 61.8 H

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. M
M
1022 35.56 8.2 4000 f
CQ
550 245.2 56.4
81 88 1920 F( 1050 C), oil quench; 1022 35.56 3.0 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 245.2 21.0
82 88 1830 F( 1000 C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 9.5 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 65.7
83 88 1830 F( 1000 C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 1.6 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 . 11.0
84 88 1830 F( 1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 7.3 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 50.5
85 88 1830F(1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 6.2 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 42.7
12Cr-Mo,V,Nb

>._ E
qj T3 '
5 s
Total o
a
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb N CC
n
18 0.16 0.7 0.3 11.6 0.6 0.30 0.25 o
>
H
H
O

M
to
CO
87 18 0.20 11.5 0.6 0.25 0.35 S3

M
f
>
o
it
2!
>
a
S3
M
I
32 0.21 0.56 0.40 10.8 0.24 0.77 0.26 0.20 0.049 Room 143.5 121.8 14.0 53.
989.5
a
839.5
Room 143.4 1126.7 13.3 49.
988.5 873.8
>
f
O
!
CO
89 75 0.06 11.8 0.69 0.33 0.36 0.773 wt.% NbC + MC6.
*Yield point.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial o
Final u
u form and size, history of material. ksi <
GN/m2
3
106 psi
CO
C
deg F
degC
3
15
8 Heat treatment strain, time, CJ
% ksi 10
0>
1 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
CD
V)
CO
5
CO CO
Q
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
86 18 Jessop-Saville H-46. 1112 0.15 29.8 24.8 21.5 16.7 12.5
600 205.5 171. 148. 115. 86.
Above specimen, reloaded: 1112 29.8 27.3 25.1 21.3 16.8

600 205.5 188. 173. 147. 116.
Above specimen, 2nd reloading: 1112 29.8 24.4 22.2 18.5 13.8
600 205.5 168. 153. 127.5 95.
Above specimen, 3rd reloading: 1112 29.8 26.5 24.1 21.2 16.1
600 205.5 183. 166. 146. 111.
87 18 Gebr. Boehler & Co. AG, 930 82.5 41. 35.5

"Turbotherm 20MVNb". 499 568.8 283. 245.
930 53.3 39.5 33. o

499 367.5 272. 227.5
H
1100
a
59.7 28.5 18.5 M
593 411.6 196.5 127.5
1100 39.1 18. 12. 5

593 269.6 124. 86.
1100 29.9 15. 10.

593 206.2 103. 69.
88 32 DIN X17 CrMoVNb 12.1 797 26.1 0.18 31.7 Bolt specimens, tested in a block.
2010-2100 F(1100-1150C);oilquench; 425 180.0 219. Results have been scaled from a
1245-1290 F(675-700C). plot of residual stress versus
896 24.75 0.18 26.7 temperature.
480 170.6 184.
1004 23.3 0.18 16.1

540 160.8 111.
89 75 Annealed 1740 F( 950 C ). 977 35.6 15.5 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
525 245.2 107. Data have been scaled from a
small plot.
1076 35.6 10. 2000
580 1 345.2' 60. '
12Cr-Mo,V,Nb
1E e 1
O
3 a?
5?
O Chemical composition, % by wt.
Test tempera
Tensile strer
MN/m2
CO >M
3 CO*
MN/m2
Proportional
U
> _ E
degF
c
CD
degC
C
3
ksi
0
ksi
CO
."2 8
ac "S
z
*
S
6
CO
0
s CO
Q c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Nb P S 0
UJ
o
90 75 0.32 12.9 0.89 0.31 0.72 2. 92 wt. % M23C4 + NbC. o
%
V
II
91 88 0.8 0.4 f
0.03 0.03 >
to max. max. max. max.
99 3
a
91 88 0.14 12.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3
o
"d
CO
H

92 88 0.13 11.7 1. 0.5 0.3 0.7 M
CO
w
1

93 88 0.11 11.9 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 w 1
tr
>
94 88 0.14 12. 1.45 0.5 0.5 0.5
O
z
95 88 0.18 13. 3.18 0.5 0.4 0.7 a
>
>
96 88 0.20 12.7 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.7 o

97 88 0.26 11.6 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.7
M
98 88 0.31 11. 0.8 0.4 0.5 SO
tI
3
99 88 0.40 12.2 0.25 0.6 0.4 0.8 >1
t-
F
o
CQ
1E
Test temperature,
CJ
=
^
._ CM
ksi
3
O !5 c CO
C O O- _t
degF
degC
3 E z strain, MN/m2 >
.Is Si Heat treatment .s+5 o stress, stress. time, 'o
<E
%
CO
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
M
CO CO CO JO
Q UJ MM7m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
90 75 Annealed 1740 F( 950 C ). 1076 35.6 2. 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
580 245.2 12. Data have been scaled from a plot.
91 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
99 iron and ferroalloys; Average residual stress for two or
Forged to bars 0. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
squares; 0.35 x 0. 55 in. (9 x 14 mm 1 has been scaled from a plot.
section; or 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diamete:
91 88 1830F(1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 12.5 4000

1200-1255F)650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 86.3
92 88 1830 F( 1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 11.0 4000

8S
1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 75.5
o
1-1
93 88 1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 16.4 4000 u-j
550 294.2 113. H

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. H
PI
1022 42.67 0.6 4000 tr*
94 88 1830 F( 1000C), oil quench; CO
1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 4.4
95 88 1830F(1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 0. 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 0.
96 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 17.2 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 119.
1049 49.78 13.5

565 343.2 93.2
97 88 1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 12.4 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 85.3
98 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 11.4 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 78.5
99 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 3.4 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 23.1
12Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb

3CO CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. v u- O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._ E
cC S? v a * z
5 TJ TJ
2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo W Nb
O
O
IOC 13 0.18 0.50 0.25 12.5 0.30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 138. 116. Hardness: BHN 302.
20 950. 800.
1040 101.5 97. >
560 700. 670.
o
II
O
n
W
M
"P
101 13 0.18 0.50 0.25 12.5 0.30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 133.5 113. Hardness: BHN 285. S3
M
20 920. 780. f
>
1040 87. 83.
560 600. 570.
3
>
102 13 0.18 0.50 0.25 12.5 0.30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 127.6 99. Hardness: BHN 255.
20 880. 680.
1040 81.2 77.
560 560. 530.
M
W
II
103 89 0.17 0.34 0.22 12.6 0.10 0.4 0.25 0.70 0.5 Room 135.5 112.5 14. 52. Rupture strength at 1040 F( 560 C ):
934. 776. >
100 h: 45. 5ksi (314 MN/m2).
1000 h: 35. 8 ksl (247 MN/m2 ). t-1
1050 84. 78. 16. 65. o
566 579.2 538.
Test temperature,
jj Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
CD
106 psi
D
o
U
C
deg F
degC
S strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment
n
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 1/1
sn to
100 13 Soviet type Khl2VMBF 1022 43.5 14.5 Ring in bending.

1920 F( 1050C), oil quench; 550 300. 100.
1200 F( 650C), temper.
1049 43.5 13.
565 300. 88.
1076 43.5 9.5

565 300. 65.
1112 43.5 4.9

600 300. 34.

1920F(1050C), oil quench; 565 300. 96.
1255 F( 680 C), temper. o
1076 43.5 11.3
580 300. 78.
M
1112 43.5 7. M
600 300. 48.

1920F(1050C), oil quench; 550 300. 120.
1290 F( 700C), temper.
1049 43.5 16.7
565 300. 115.
1076 43.5 13.9

580 300. 96.
103 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBF 1022 42.67 14.2 Ring specimens in IR-1 tester;
110 lb. (50 kg) basic induction melt. 550 294.2 98. Bending.
Preheat to 2100-2150 F(1150-1175C; Reported extrapolated 10,000 h
for forging to 0. 8 in. (20 mm) dia. oi 1049 42.67 12.3 residual stresses have been
0. 5 x 0. 7 in. (13 x 18 mm) blanks; 565 294.2 85. scaled from a small plot.
Finish at 1650-1550F(900-845C).
1920F(1050C), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1076 42.67 8.9
1200F(650C), 3 h. 580 294.2 61.5
1112 42.67 4.2

1
600 ' '294. 21 29. '
12Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb
e
s
CO
CD U- O
._ E
ri
Vt
CD -O <Q X Z
Mn Cr Ni Mo W Nb
O
104 89 0.17 0.47 0.61 10.5 0.12 0.45 0.24 0.40 0.43 Room 142. 126.5 14. 56. O
979. 872.
1050 85. 82.5 14. 73. >
566 586. 569.
3
o
CO
105| 88 0.8 0.4 0.03 0.03 i-3
W
to max. max, max. max. H
1101 GO
IP

105 88 0.15 12. 0.10 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.5
II
106 88 0.13 11.4 1. 0.7 0.35 0.8 0.4 O
107 88 0.13 11.3 0.94 0.7 0.34 2. 0.3 >

>
108 88 0.12 11.5 0.83 0.7 0.26 3.4 0.3 8
M
109 88 0.22 13. 0.20 1. 0.5 0.6 0.5 s

110 88 0.32 12.5 0.10 0.7 0.4 1. 0.5
II
>
r1
t-
o
K!
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
i-
GN/m2
3 a>
106 psi
CO
C o
deg F
degC
5
sca Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, o
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 h
s ksi w
CO JO
D MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
L04 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBF. 1022 42.67 12.9 Ring specimens in IR-1 tester;
11001b.(500kg) basic electric-arc 550 294.2 89. Bending.
furnace. Reported extrapolated 10,000 h
Heat to 2100-2150 F( 1150-1175 C); 1049 42.67 10.9 residual stresses have been
Forge to 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diameter, 565 294.2 75. scaled from a small plot.
or 0. 5 x 0.7 in. (13 x 18 mm) blanks
Finish at 1650-1550 F(900-845C ). 1076 42.67 8.3
1920F(1050C), 1/2 h, oil quench; 580 294.2 57.5
1200F(650C), 3 h.
L05 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
L10 iron and ferroalloys; Average residual stress for two or
Forged to bars: 0. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
square; 0. 35 x 0. 55 in. (9 x 14 mm) has been scaled from a plot.
o
section; or 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diameter >-!
CO
105 88 1830 F( 1000C ), oil quench; 1022 42.67 17.1 4000 M

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 117.7 H
f
CO
1049 49.78 13.5
565 343.2 93.2
L06 88 1830 F( 1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 11.7 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 80.4
L07 88 1830F(1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 7.2 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 49.5
lOf 88 1830F(1000C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 1.5 4000

1200-1255 F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 10.3
10< 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 13.6 4000

1200-1255 F(65O-680C), temper. 550 294.2 93.7
IK 88 1920F(1050C), oil quench; 1022 42.67 13.6 4000

1200-1255F(650-680C), temper. 550 294.2 93.7
12Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb,(B)
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o

._n Ê >._ E
A.
-ao
o -* Z
5 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo w Nb
n
111 13 0.18 0.50 0.25 12.5 0.30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 119. 93. Hardness: BHN 241. o
20 820. 640.
14
1040 77. 72.5

560 530. 500.
>
H
o
rI
112 14 '[12. Hardness: BHN 321.

O
*]
113 14 '[12. Hardness: BHN 286. CO

-3
W
M
CO
co

M
f
>
B o
114 66 0.18 0.35 0.27 12.1 0.17 0.52 0.29 0.70 0.38 0.03 68 123.7 105. 18. 55.
20 853. 726.
H
1022 72.5 65.
>
68. 15.
550 500. 471. O
M
S
2
>
o
CO
2 Residual stress,
E form and size, history of material. 3 ._ ri
ksi
" 35 P
Heat treatment
E jf S u H a strain, stress, stress, time,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m2
111 13 Soviet type Khl2VMBF. 1049 43.5 15.5 Ring in bending.
1920F(1050C), oil quench; 565 300. 107.
1330 F( 720 C), temper.
1076 43.5 13.
580 300. 90.
112 14 Soviet type 2Khl2VMBF. 932 42. 32.7 30.6

500 294. 225.5 211. Ring specimen; bending.
113 14 Soviet type 2Khl2VMBF. 932 42.7 31.6 28.4

500 294.2 218. 196. Tension specimen.
5
O
<s
CO
H
K
W
r
CO
L14 66 Soviet type 2Khl2VMBFR; 1049 42.7 20.4 16.8 15.3 Tension specimen in UIM-5 tester
Alloy El-993. 565 294.2 141. 116. 105. 0.4-0. 5 in. (10-12 mm) diameter
1920 F( 1050C), air cool; x 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
Tension 1290 F( 700 C), temper.
vs.
1049 42.7 21.8 17.8 14.8 Ring specimen; bending.
565 294.2 150. 123. 102.
Bending
Above specimen, reloaded. 1049 42.7 21.4 15.0
565 294.2 148. 103.5
Above specimen, 2nd reloading: 1049 42.7 25.7 17.9

565 294.2 177. 124.
12Cr- Mo,W,V,Nb,B
e a
3E a0] f I as
to CM 5?
3 o Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. o fc - E "5
GO M
0) Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
C c _ E >._ E c
!s
3
S goo
|
o u> ^
-a -a -* z t * z gz
o *-no
o E 3.
c a. c D
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W Nb P S
4A
0)
1-
0) o

o
UJ
u
DC
o
115 89 0.21 0.38 0.37 11.4 0.25 0.52 0.26 0.69 0.30 Room 142. 127. 12. 38.
o
979. 876.
[o. oo: % ca: culati dBac ditioi ]
r
1049 102.5 92.5 11. 47. >
565 706.7 638.
8
2!
O
*l
116 89 0.21 0.38 0.37 11.4 0.25 0.52 0.26 0.69 0.30 Room 142. 124. 13. 47. Rupture strengths at 1049 F ( 565 C ): CO
100 h: 49.8 ksi (343 MN/m2). H
[o. oo: %cal culati d Bad ditioi ] 979. 855.
1000 h: 39 ksi (269 MN/m* ).
50
W
1049 89.5 82.5 14. 63. en
565 617. 569. P
S3
H
f
>
o
i<
>
W
2!
O
117 89 0.17 0.50 0.60 10.6 0.12 0.45 0.24 0.40 0.40 Room 145. 124. 14. 47. Rupture strengths at 1112 F@0OC ):
[0.00 !% ca iculat ;d B ac [ditioi 999.7 855. 100 h: 40. 6 ksi (280 MN/m2).
1050 85. 82.5 14. 71. 1000 h: 32.1 ksi (221 MN/m2). a
566 586. 569.
o
(/I
ra
3 Residual stress. o
3
C
0)
o
E
3Ea. 4 ksi
MN/m2
CO
>
a
3
SS
g "O -0
5
z
stress, stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
%
0)
eo
CO
M ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
& (0 (A to CO
Q r- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
L15 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBFR; 1049 42.67 14.2 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy El 993. 565 294.2 97.7 Average residual bending stress
11,000 lb. (5,000 kg) melt. from two or more tests at the
Rolled at 2200-1550 F( 1200-850 C ) 1076 42.67 10.7 same initial stress has been
to 3. 5 in. (90 mm) diameter; 580 294.2 74.1 scaled from a small plot.
Furnace cooled.
2100F(1150C), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1112 42.67 6.1
1255F(680C), 3 h. 600 294.2 41.8
116 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBFR; 1022 49.78 18.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy El 993. 550 343.2 127. Average residual bending stress
11,000 lb. (5,000 kg) melt. for two or more tests at the same
Rolled at 2200-1550 F( 1200-850 C) 1022 42.67 17.0 initial stress has been scaled CO
to 3. 5 in. (90 mm) diameter; 550 294.2 117. from a small plot.
Furnace cooled. O
2100F(1150C), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1049 49.78 17.3 >-!
oa
1290F(700C), 3 h. 565 343.2 119. H
M
M
1049 42.67 16.5 r
565 294.2 113.5 en
1076 49.78 14.3

580 343.2 98.5
1076 42.67 13.4

580 343.2 92.
L17 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBFR; 1022 42.67 15.7 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy El 993. 550 294.2 108. Bending stresses.
1100 lb. (500 kg) basic electric-arc Reported extrapolated 10,000 h
melt. Heated to 2100-2150 F( 1150- 1049 42.67 12.5 residual stresses have been
1175 C ) for forging to 0. 8 in. (20 DID )565 294.2 86. scaled from a small plot.
diameter, or 0. 5 x 0. 7 in. (13 x 18
mm) rectangular bars. Finished at 1076 42.67 9.3
1650-1550 F( 900-845 C). 580 294.2 64.
1920F(1050C), 1/2 h, oil quench;
1200 F( 650 C), 3 h. 1112 42.67 4.5
600 294.2 31.
12Cr- 5Cof w,v
1E 2 4 i s?
tempera!
CO
c
0)
Chemical composition, % by wt. U CM
ain -v> -~~.

E c ._ E
CO
deg F
degC
CD
3 o < *- O CO
!s 8 "o
=5c S
a 2
o 8.
c
s o ô
o
ri
s ct>
ID CO CD
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W Co P t- IT
o
Q r-
UJ
11* H 0.19 1.48 0.38 12.18 0.16 0.10 0.22 3.05 4.8 0.018 0.018 Room 161.4 123.9 16. 45. Charpy impact 12 to 13 ft. lb. (16 to 18 S
1113. 854. Joules).
r
>
119 H 0.20 0.47 12.1 1.21 0.27 3.03 5.08 Room 149.9 115.9 15. 37. Charpy impact 10 to 12 ft. lb. (13. 5 to 16
o
ti
799. Joules).
1033. z
120 H 0.24 0.78 0.36 12.19 0.26 2.98 5.23 Room 165.9 65.4 12. 23. Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules). o
*i
1144. 451. CO
>-3
S)
121 H 0.25 1.0 0.38 12.08 0.28 2.78 5.03 0.016 0.011 Room 167.4 87.4 13. 24. Charpy impact 11 ft. lb. (15 Joules). M
co
1154. 603. CO
i
122 H 0.35 0.24 12.34 0.25 4.69 0.019 0.012 Room 147.8 100. 15. Charpy impact 11. 5 ft. lb. (15. 5 Joules). M
0.18 4.5 39.
1019. 689.5 >
L23 H 0.20 1.23 0.56 12.66 0.43 0.21 2.6 5.32 Room 166.9 74.9 12. 22.
1151. 516. 5
L24 H 0.18 1.15 0.38 11.61 0.24 0.07 0.27 3.35 5.13 Room 163.4 110. 17. 48. Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules).
1127. 758.
>
125 H 0.19 1.36 0.60 12.24 0.25 3.13 4.9 0.010 0.019 Room 155.9 18. 49. Charpy impact 14 to 15 ft. lb. (19 to 20
1075. Joules).
M
126 H 0.19 1.48 0.38 12.18 0.16 0.10 0.22 3.05 4.8 0.018 0.018 Room 161.4 16. 45. Charpy impact 12 to 13 ft. lb. (16 to 18
1113. Joules). 2
as
M
W
w
s>
r
o
co
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. ksi **-<o
GN/m2
3 Q)
106 psi
C O
deg F
degC
."2 strain, stress, stress, time,
8 Heat treatment
O
% 1 10 100
eg
ra ksi 1000 10,000 ksi h
S
CO CO
L18 H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32. 28. 20. (13.8) 2480
1740 F( 950C), oil quench; 538 221. 193. 138. (95. )
1200F(650C), air cool
L19 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 18. 13.4 (10.0) 3466
4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter. 538 124. 92.4 (69. )
1740 F( 950 C), air cool;
1200 F(650 C), temper.
L20 H 7/8 in. (22 mm) square. 1000 0.2 36. 30. 22.7 (15.0) 2289
2010 F( 1100C), 3 h, cool at 1800 F 538 248. 207. 156.5 (103.)
(1000C)/h;
1200 F( 650 C), 3 h, furnace cool.
S3
L21 H 3/4 in. (19 mm) square. 1000 0.2 35. 31. 23.5 (16. ) 3210 o
2010 F( 1100 C), 4 h, cool at 1900 F 538 241. 214. .62. (no.)
(1055 C)/h; CO
1200 F( 650 C), 4 h, furnace cool. H

M
M
12! H 4 in. (102 mm) diameter; 1000 0.2 29. 24. 19. (14. ) 2673 F
CO
1775 F( 970 C), 6 h, air cool; 538 200. 165.5 131. (96. 5)
1200 F( 650 C), 12 h, air cool.
1100 0.2 19.3 14.3 7.8 ( 2.5) 2352
593 133. 98.6 53.8 (17. )
123 H 1. 75 x 3.12 in. (44. 5 x 79 mm). 1000 0.2 31. 26.5 21. (15.1) 2813
2000 F( 1095 C), 1.5h, air cool; 538 207. 183. 145. (103.)
1200F(650C), 3.5h, furnace cool.
12^ H 4. 25 in. (108 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 33. 29. 22. (16. ) 2813
1742 F(950C), 5 h, air cool; 538 227.5 200. 152. (no.)
1200 F( 650 C), 8 h, air cool.
1100 0.2 22. 16.3 8.9 ( 3.0) 3033
593 152. 112. 61. (21. )
12E H 1750 F( 955 C), 4. 5 h, air cool; 1000 0.2 27.5 23.6 18.8 725
1200F(650C), 12.5 h; 538 190. 163. 130.
1150F(620C), 5.5h.
12C H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter 1000 0.2 24.0 20.0 15.7 (11.9) 2695
j
1750 F( 055 C). 1 h, air cool; ' 530 ^05. 5 ' 108.
1200F(650C), 12 h;
1150F(620C), 7h.
12Cr-4Co,Mo,V,Nb
19Cr-2Mo
Q

CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. =
If*
| -o-o * Z
S
z

Mn Cr Mo Nb Co Cu
O
0.524 wt.% NbC. O
127 75 0.05 11.2 0.5 0.4 0.35 4.0
V
>
H
rW
O
128 75 0.26 12.4 0.9 0.3 0.38 4.34
1.92 wt.%NbC. o
Tl
CO
W
M
GO
>
O
129 116 0.07 0.13 0.49 18.66 1.79 0.13 932 56.9 34.1 W
to M
500 392
35.6
235
3
to
245
2
>
o
K!
CO
S Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, S Initial Final
form and size, history of material. CO 3 " ksi
c S? * E Z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment o?13 strain, stress, time,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
127 75 Annealed 1740 F( 950 C). 977 35.6 18. 2000 Oding ring specimen; bending.
525 245.2 123.
1076 35.6 10. 2000
580 245.2 71.
128 75 Annealed 1740 F( 950 C ). 977 35.6 8. 2000 Oding ring specimen; bending.
525 245.2 56.
1076 35.6 3. 2000

580 245.2 22.
aS
w
M
M
f
02
L29 116 Cr-Mo Ferritic stainless steel. 932 0.50 39.8 31.3 28.4 27.5 45 Automatic tester, with + 0.4 ksi
500 274.6 216. 196. 189. (2. 9 MN/m2 ) precision.
Data have been scaled from a plot.
Comparison of Residual Stress for Various 12% Cr Steels
Material Numbe rs Corresponding to Points Below

12 14 121
13 26,20
8 17 56 44 124 39
16 37 O
15 118 43 37 O
12 28
123
4 18 42 -.
53 27 M 2B
" C
19 122 * 42
" >
8 125 ' .. 44 51
10 , M
,n
30
S
;,"
41 j
50 S
7 30
8 10
17
54 73
126 56 76 40 124 37 o
9
10 29 73 46 40 43
3 CO
119
4 4'
21 29 29
44 50
M
48
49 TOI
CO
40 50
\ H
a
\\ >
\

A
\ \
\ \ o
\* p
i
30 v 30 iy
\ \ 8 - 200 -
\ M z >
i
\ \ Bx
*
^ \ a \
\ *
\ <#>
in 100 Hours
\
a>
i
i
ft 20
\ K \ ij^ ,
\
_
20
" "5 0.175 to 023% Strain
"o * - r "5
3
SO
100
t 100
s
o V 12 Cr
>1
V
DC
I V Q 12 Cr-W t-
10 x
10 V A 12 Cr-Mo f
1f
12 Cr-Nb o
V
- !
CO
V
o 12 Cr-W,V
v 12 Cr-Mo, V
12 Cr-Mo, W, V
500 C 6 00 c 500 C 00C
I 1 1 1 i o 0 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 *12 Cr-5 Co,W,V
800 1000 1200 800 1000 1200
12Cr
Material numbe rs corres po nding to points below

6 6
6 6
6 6
6
6 i
i
80
V -
._ 60 60
400 - 400 M
M
C
40 40
7 _.A
in

O
3 O
TJ 200 A"
3
"3! TJ
0 -0 "Si
Of 20 20 9
- ~A6oVotS
700 F o
-~ 900 to 931 F
1
371C 482 to 500 C
0 0 1
60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi
12Cr-Mo,W,V 0.175 to0.23% Strain

44 39 42
37 37
88
44 88 42
43 37 43 46
76 56 37
41 40 43 46 44 45 o
53 38 42 41 40 51 56
42 44 43 o
76 45
34 73 50 44 53
48 52 48
56
47 48 54
52
s55
30 30 O
*I
100 200 10,000 co
H
Hours Hours
co
CO
i
W
H
f
>
._ 20 20 3
0 T >
-100 100
o
3 o
D
"K
O
10 M
10
>
f
o
Ki
CO
Q+T
Other
500 C
800 1000 1200 800 1000 1200

Temperature, F Temperature, F
12Cr-Mo,W,V

44
56 68
" 60 55 "
43
43 "
63 56 60
S7 63
56 43 54
S 5S
56
59 55
43
30
200 200
4/

7
3
- 20
7 *\0
0W 0 20
0
O
Z a
2 M
0

/ k
a>
100 100 Tn
O
3 "5
TJ
"3!
3
TJ
O 'Hi
10 10 O
900 F 1000 F
482 C 538 C
o o
20 30 40 20 30 40
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi Q T

Heal treatment
not given.
.12Cr-Mo,V,Nb
2l2Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb,(B)

o
87 87
112
87 87
113 >
112
113 3
2!
O
*1
co
-3
50
M
CO
CO
I
W
M
f
300 >
40
S
\E
Z
- - ' "1000 v> 5
n
</>
O o
3
- 20 TJ
1
"3!
o
at at
>
r
r
o
930 to 977 F K!
CO
499 to 5 25 C
40 60 80 40
Austenitic Stainless Steels
(Including Some Early Super alloys)
This section covers the standard 300-series stainless steels, modifications to those steels, some
related iron-base superalloys containing less than 2% Ti + Al, and Cr-Mn-Ni stainless steels:
Type of steel Matl. No. Type of steel Matl. No.

]
18 Cr, 8Ni 1-20 15Cr, 18-35Ni + W, Ti 66-73
18 Cr, 25 Ni 21 15 Cr, 25N1 + W, Ti, B, Ce 74-76
13 Cr, 9Mn, 4Ni 22 HS-88 77
16 Cr, 8-13 Ni, 2 Mo 23-25 Cr, Ni + W, Mo, Ti, B 78-79
15 Cr, 25 Ni, IMo 26 EME 80-82
16-25-6 27-29 Cr, Ni + W, Nb, B 83
18 Cr, 8N1+ Ti 30-40 Cr, Ni + Mo, Nb, B 84
18 Cr, 8Ni+ Ti, Al 41-47 20 Cr, 25 Ni + Mo, W, Nb, B, Ce 85-86
18 Cr, 8 Ni + Nb 48-52 19Cr, 9Ni+ Mo, Nb, Ti 87-88
18 Cr, 8 Ni + W, Mo 53 19-9 DL 89-101
14 Cr, 14Ni + W, Mo 54-56 14 Cr, 20Mn+ V 102
20Cr, 25N1 + W, Mo, B 57-62 14 Cr, 7 Mn, 6 Ni + Mo, V 103
17 Cr, 13Ni+ Mo, Ti 63-64 12 Cr, 8 Mn, 8 Ni + Mo, V, Nb 104
13 Cr, 12 Ni + W, Ti, Al 65
The variety of composition types represented and many singular test conditions preclude useful
graphical presentation except for the 18/8 type in the solution annealed condition and with various degrees
of cold work, 18/8-Nb steel, and 19-9 DL alloy.
A plot of residual stress versus temperature for the solution annealed 18/8 type [ P. 388] indicates
a marked fall-off in relaxation strength between about 1000 and 1200F ( 540 and 650C ). A range of the
initial stresses for these tests, between 18. 7 and 25. 8 ksi ( 129 and 178 MN/m2), probably accounts for
much of the seeming scatter near 1100 F.
The large effect of initial stress is more clearly evident in plots of residual stress versus initial
stress at 752F (400^C ) and at 1100-1112F ( 593-600C ) on page 389. Yielding characteristics of this
solution annealed stainless steel are such that a two-fold change in total strain on loading corresponds
to a relatively-small difference in initial stress, and therefore has little effect on residual stress. This
expectation is confirmed by the plots on page 390.
Cold working of annealed 18/8 stainless steel to plastic strains up to 50% resulted in negligible change
in the 100-hour residual stress at 500, 600, or700F(260, 316, or 371t:) for tests with 25 to 35 ksi
initial stress; and only a small increase in the residual stress for tests with 55 to 60 ksi initial stress, as
is shown in plots on page 391.
Pages 392 and 393 compare limited data for annealed bar versus weld metal of 18/8-Nb type stainless
steel; and for 19-9 DL alloy with three different treatments. In each instance, the effect on residual stress
from test temperature is large compared to that from the other variables.
Among the results not shown graphically are comparisons for relaxation in tension versus that under
bending ( Matl. No. 55, 72, 73, 76, 78); tests under combined tension and torsion ( Matl. No. 71); and
relaxation under cyclic stress (Matl. No. 52).
319
18/8
E
f 3?
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. t> fe .- E ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
M n O W o
i-s-s > * Z
=5 E o * 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
W 0.08 1.66 0.25 18.62 10.93 0.02 0.017
*3
II
O
2!
O
*l
CO
H
ft)
M
t
en
i
ft)
M
>
sz
a
>
>
M
ft)
*[0. 08 2.0 1.0 18. 8.1 Room 92.6 20.2 36.2 71. 82. Hardness: BHN 163.
638.5 139. 250.
>
f
r
o
CQ
Residual stress,
Test temperature,
6
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
3 01 (0
106psi
C u
MN/m2 >-
deg F
degC
stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a
3
Is Heat treatment strain, stress, time,
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
A3
1 W Type 304 bar. 1200 0.4 11.4 8.8 6.0 3.0 950 Step-down flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 78.6 60.7 41.4 20.7 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1200 0.2 9.9 7.0 3.0 2000
649 68.3 48.3 20.7
1300 0.4 8.4 5.3 3.2 1.55 1.0 2200

704 57.9 36.5 22.1 10.7 6.9
>
1300 0.2 11.0 5.7 2.75 1.15 1.0 1500
CO
704 75.8 39.3 19.0 7.9 6.9
M
1400 0.4 5.7 3.1 1.6 1.0 350 3
760 39.3 21.4 11.0 6.9
CO
1400 0.2 5.4 2.85 1.45 1.0 290 H
760 37.2 19.6 10.0 6.9 >
1500 0.4 3.5 1.8 1.0 50 M

24.1
CO
816 12.4 6.9 CO
w
1500 H
0.2 3.7 2.05 1.0 70 M
816 25.5 14.1 6.9 M
CO
1600 0.4 2.8 1.2 1.0 14
871 19.3 8.3 6.9
1600 0.2 2.1 1.1 1.0 16.!

871 14.5 7.6
2 P Type 304 900 22.1 19.5 (17.1) 80

3/8 in. (9. 5 mm) diameter bar. 482 152.4 134.5 (118.)
Cold drawn + annealed.
1000 21.3 20.6 (17.1) 40
538 146.9 142.0 (118.)
1100 20.6 18.7 (12.7) 55

593 142.0 128.9 (87.6)
1200 20.0 16.5 (10.7) 90

649 137. 9 113. 8 (74. )
18/8
t
p -*?
ri
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
O
tt
>
H
8
as
l
[0. 08 2.0 1.0 18 to 8 to 0.04 0.03 Room 92.6 36.2 71.2 82.1 Hardness: RB 84. o
max. max. max. 20 11 max. max. 638.5 250. *J
CO
S3
M
CO
co
a
i
>
8
Room 92.0 34.0 71.6 79.9
634. 234. >
O
Room 76.1
525.
a
II
>
f
f
O
CO
* Nominal composition.
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
106 psi
CD
3
>
O
deg F
MN/m2
degC
C
Plastic stress, stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment strain,
time,
CD
(D
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JS
S Q
3 s Type 304 1200 15.6 13.75 12.85 6 Manual load adjustments to keep
Solution annealed. 649 107.6 94.8 88.6 strain constant 25 microin./in.
Gage section 1/4 in. (6.3 mm) dia. Curve was passed through the
x 4 in. (102 mm) long. average of the stresses before and
after load adjustment.
4 71 Type 304. 775 22.2 0.09 23.0 21.1 21.0 21.0 21.0 130 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z 5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 413 153.1 158.6 145.5 144.8 144.8 144.8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Mill annealed + cold straightened.
(Estimated equivalent to 3% cold 900 21.2 0.035 19.7 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.3 190 >
work). 482 146.2 135.8 120.7 120.0 119.3 119.3
w
1000 20.4 0.034 20.1 18.1 17.6 17.3 40
538 140.6 138.6 124.8 121.4 119.3 H
1100 19.7 0.060 18.7 15.7 14.2 12.6 12.2 180

593 135.8 128.9 108.2 97.9 86.9 84.1 >
1200 19.0 0.033 16.5 13.8 11.6 10.6 70 M
649 131.0 113.8 95.2 80.0 73.1 CO
CO
CO
5 71 Type 304. 1050 20.0 0.029 16.2 14.5 13.5 12.4 12.1 170 Automatic relaxation tester. H
W
Z Same bar stock as Material No. 4 566 137.9 111.7 100. 93. 85.5 83.4 6 in. (152 mm) gage length. W
Annealed 1950 F( 1065C ), water F
CO
quench.
6 71 Type 304. 900 21.7 0.07 59.0 56.1 53.3 49.3 49.0 115 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z 3/8 in. (9. 5 mm) diameter. 482 149.6 406.8 387. 367.5 340. 337.8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Cold-rolled bar. (Estimated equiv-
alent cold work about 22% ). 950 21.1 0.07 57.0 51.8 46.8 38.8 74
510 145.5 393.0 357. 323. 267.5
1000 20.8 0.07 50.0 42.8 35.9 29.6 29.3 125

538 143.4 344.7 295. 247.5 204. 202.0
1100 19.6 0.07 43.5 34.0 27.2 21.8 21.1 145

593 135.1 299.9 234. 187.5 150. 145.5
1200 18.9 0.07 33.5 24.3 19.7 15.5 15.1 128

649 130.3 231.0 167.5 136. 107. 104.1
1300 18.5 0.07 25.0 17.0 13.0 9.5 9.1 120

704 127.6 172.4 117. 90. 65.5 62.7
18/8

% 3?
Chemical composition, % by wt. te u. o >._ E c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o
a. * Z
W
-* Z sP
=5 S
S Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
7 71 0.058 1.41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 97.8 62.9 51.2 74.5 Hardness: BHN230
Z 674.3 434.
H
S
z
o
CO
M
CO
CO
I
S3
H
f
>
71 0.058 1.41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 109.8 73.2 35.7 70.0 Hardness: BHN 265
Z 757 505.
O
>
8JO
M
s
M
JO
>
f1
tr
O
K|
CO
iE Residual stress,
Test temperature,
o
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final ore
GN/m2
3 0)
106 psi
u
C
MN/m2 >
degF
degC
3 Plastic stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
<B
Si Heat treatment strain,
(0
o % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 1/1
m
s eg
Q
7 71 Cold worked 10% to 3/4 In. (19 mm) 500 24.06 0.05 32.0 29.9 29.1 28.2 28.2 127 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z diameter bar. 260 165.9 220.6 206.1 200.6 194.4 194.4 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
500 37.1 34.2 33.3 32.6

260 255.8 236. 230. 225.
600 0.05 42.8 41.2 40.6 40.0 39.9 140

316 295.1 284. 280. 276. 275.1
600 23.07 34.7 32.7 31.5 30.8 >

316 159.1 239.2 217. 217. 212.
a
w
H
M
700 22.48 0.05 41.4 37.9 36.8 36.4 35.9 400
371 155.0 283.4 261. 254. 251. 247.5
O
8 71 Cold worked 20% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 59.2 54.5 53.3 52.0 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z diameter bar. 260 408.2 376. 367.5 358.5 6 in. (152 mm) gage length. >
500 30.1 28.0 27.3 26.7 26.5 130 W
260 207.5 193. 188. 184. 182.7 CO
CO
600 0.05 50.7 47.0 45.7 44.6 M

316 349.6 324. 315. 307.5 M
r
CO
600 30.1 28.6 27.7 27.1 26.9 150
316 207.5 197. 191. 187. 185.5
700 0.05 48.0 44.9 43.8 41.8 41.8 180

371 330.9 310. 302. 288.5 288.2
700 30.1 28.9 28.5 27.6

371 207.5 199. 196.5 190.
18/8

c ._ E
EX.' wl O o "**
-8
a
o
S Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
9 0.058 1.41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 137.3 95.5 20.3 65.4 Hardness: BHN320 O
946.6 658.
II
>
O
o

i-3
W
CO
I
to
M
tr1
>
10 71 0.058 1.41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 157.2 111.5 17.0 62.3 Hardness: BHN 338.
Z 1084. 769.
5
a
>
>
350
M
E
2
S
>
f
f
o
CO
1E
Test temperature,
3 ._ (M
13 09 form and size, history of material. ksi EC
U O O- ,
deg F
degC
MN/m2
C
3 E z Plastic stress, stress, time, .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment strain, O
<3> (0
(0
(A
(0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
2 Q 111 MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 HI
9 71 Cold worked 30% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 67.8 64.2 62.9 61.5 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z diameter bar. 260 467.5 443. 434. 424. 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
500 30.1 29.0 28.0 27.2 27.1 130

260 207.5 200. 193. 187.5 186.8
600 0.05 55.1 52.1 50.5 49.1 48.9 140

316 379.9 359. 348. 338.5 337.2
600 30.1 28.9 27.8 26.9 >

316 207.5 199. 192. 185.5 CO
H
M
700 0.05 57.9 54.7 52.9 50.7
371 399.2 377. 365. 349.5
a
10 71 Cold worked 40% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 60.8 57.9 56.4 54.8 54.5 300 Automatic relaxation tester. H
Z diameter bar. 260 419.2 399. 389. 378. 375.8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length. >
500 30.0 29.0 28.2 27.6 27.5 130 M
260 206.8 200.0 194.4 190.3 189.6 r/j
600 0.05 62.0 59.0 57.2 55.5 54.8 300 M

316 427.5 407. 394. 383. 377.8 M
C
CQ
600 29.5 28.8 28.0 27.2
316 203.4 198.5 193. 187.5
700 0.05 60.1 57.2 55.3 52.4 51.4 280

371 414.4 394. 381. 361. 354.4
700 30.0 29.3 28.3 27.4

371 206.8 202. 195. 189.
18/8
e
B %
Chemical composition, % by wt. 2s u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
b ._ E
I** 5
trt Vt O
* Z
S o 2 *z
a
o
S Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
IT 71 0.058 1.41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 177.3 133. 15.3 59.5 Hardness: BHN 362 O
Z 1222. 918.
id
t-H
>
3
O
>r\
M
H

M
03
03

o
12 71 0.056 1.39 0.54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 85.0 30. 71.8 78.2 Hardness: BHN 132 5!
Z 586. 207.
>
M
I(
13 71 0.056 1.39 0.54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 87.6 31.0 65.4 77.3 Hardness: BHN 130
Z 604. 214. >
f
f
o
K!
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
106 psi
3 u
C >-
deg F
degC
Plastic stress, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si time,
Heat treatment strain,
a> eg
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
CO ra
a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
.2
UJ
u 71 Cold worked 50% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 60.0 57.7 56.4 55.2 54.7 300 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z diameter bar. 260 413.7 398. 389. 380.5 377.1 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
500 30.0 29.2 28.7 28.1

260 206.8 201. 198. 194.
600 60.0 58.1 56.6 53.9 53.5 130

316 413.7 400,5 390. 372. 368.9
600 30.0 29.4 28.9 28.0 >

c
TO
316 206.8 203. 199. 193.
H
a
700 60.0 57.3 54.2 51.7
413.7 395. 374. 356.5
50.6
348.9
235 sH
371
O
700 30.0 29.2 28.3 26.9 26.1 350 TO
H
371 206.8 201. 195. 185.5 180.0 >
tt
Z
12 71 Cold worked 10% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 15.5 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1 140 Automatic relaxation tester. M
Z diameter bar; 260 106.9 91.7 91.0 90.3 90.3 6 in. (152 mm) gage length. TO
CO
Annealed 1850F(1010C ), 1/2 h,
air cool. 600 0.05 15.1 13.0 12.8 12.7 12.6 130
316 104.1 89.6 88.2 87.6 86.9 M
a1
t-
700 0.05 14.6 12.6 12.3 12.1 12.0 200 TO
371 100.7 86.9 84.8 83.4 82.7
700 0.05 13.8 12.0 11.7 11.3

371 95.2 82.7 80.7 77.9
13 71 Cold worked 50% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 35.8 34.5 34.1 (33.7) 33.8 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
Z diameter bar; 260 246.8 238. 235. (232.3 ) 233.0 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Annealed 1850 F( 1010 C), 1/2 h,
air cool. 500 30.0 29.1 28.8 28.6 28.4 130
260 206.8 200.6 198.6 197.2 195.8
600 0.05 24.0 22.3 22.1 22.0 22.0 150

316 165.5 153.8 152.4 151.7 151.7
700 0.05 37.9 36.1 35.8 35.4

1 371 !261.3 1248,0 '246.8 [244.1
18/8
a
Chemical composition, % by wt. ~ US M

>._ E
E a> -* Z -* z * z
s
5 S E 2
E Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
14 0.056 1.39 0.54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 177.4 133.2 15.3 59.5 Hardness: BHN 363
1223. 918.4
>
32!
O
*J
CO
H
50
M
CO
CO
I
3>
W
F
>
3
15 2!
>
O
w
a
M
M
33
II
16 AA
>
r1
t-
o
K!
17 AA Heat No. 8093813 CO
Ml" Residual stress, 0
Initial Final
E form and size, history of material. co 5 " ksi
0
3 u
CO
1 S..E
C J5.U.0 E MN/m2
3
0 z strain. stress. stress. time, Re taxation-test procedure and comments
."2 SI Heat treatment
fc 0>
g -0 -e
CO
eg
E % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h CO
2 O 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
14 z Solution annealed; 500 60.0 58.2 57.0 55.2

Cold worked 50%. 260 413.7 401.3 393.0 380.6
500 30.0 29.5 29.0 28.1

260 206.8 203.4 200.0 193.7
600 60.0 57.6 56.6 54.0

316 413.7 397.1 390.2 372.3
>
600 30.0 29.5 28.8 28.0 c
CO
316 206.8 203.4 198.6 193.0 1-3
M
700 60.0 57.3 54.3 51.6 2
H
371 413.7 395.1 374.4 355.8
o
TO
700 30.0 29.0 28.0 27.0
371 206.8 200.0 193.0 186.2 >
15 [Duplicate entry, deleted during a

editing. ] TO
CQ
CO
H
M
M
f
CO
16 AA Type 304. 1100 0.5 24.2 21.2 16.5 12.5 100

0.63 in. (16 mm) bar. 593 167. 146. 114. 86.2
Mill annealed.
17 AA Type 304 plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 1200 21.2 15.2 12.0 10.3 100
Solution annealed 0. 5 h at 1950 F 649 146. 105. 82.7 71.0
(1065 C).
18/8
2
a f
"5 *"
Chemical composition, % by wt. 6 u. o fc .- E c ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
I** * z
8* z s
s Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
18 *[0.14 2.0 0.80 17 to 8 to 0.035 0.030] 68 35.1 Hardness: RB 79-80. aIS
20 11 max. max. 20 242.
752 25.6
400 177.
3
1112 22.0
600 152. o
*i
1292 16.4 CO
H
700 113.
M
co
CO
I
SO
M
F
>
o
O
>
S3
M
Si
S
a
>
oF
CO
Typical composition.
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
106 psi
CO
3 a
0)
C
u
deg F
degC
s
3
Is strain, stress, stress. time,
Heat treatment
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h Ml
s CD
iS
uu
18 3 Soviet type lKhl8N9. 68 28.7 35.1 31.2 30.3 Oding ring of uniform cross
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 20 198. 242.2 215. 209. section; bending.
1740 F (950 C), 1.5h, furnace cool; Average values from three tests
2100F(1150C), 1/3 h, water quench 752 25.2 25.7 20.4 have been scaled from a small
1290F(700C), 20 h,furnace cool; 400 173.5 177.5 141. plot.
750F(400C), 2 h, stress relief
after finish machining, air cool. 752 21.3 18.1
400 147.1 124.5
>
752 17.4 15.3 a
400 119.6 105.5 CO
H
W
752 13.5 12.1 S
93.2 83. H
400
8
752 9.4 8.5 CO
H
400 64.7 59. >
1112 22.8 19.9 13.3 8.2 M
600 157. 137.3 91.9 56.4 co
CO
CO
1112 16.4 11.7 7.1 M

600 112.8 80.9 49. M
f
CO
1112 12.8 9.8
600 88.3 67.7
1112 12.2 5.8

600 84.3 40.2
1112 9.7 7.5

600 66.7 51.5
1112 8.2 4.1

600 56.9 28.2
1112 6.3 5.1

600 43.2 35.3
1112 4.6 2.5

1 1
1
600 31.4' 17.2
18/8
CO r,
b ._ E 2 .- E >._ E
**!
o 2 sz
o.
o
5 Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
19 81 0.07 1.56 0.31 17.95 9.08 0.022 0.016 Hardness :RB 79-80
>
S
o
CO
H
W
W
co
IP
S3
M
F
>
o
21
O
>
>
s>

It
M
M
2
S
>
f
r
o
!
1 Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. i
of
_3 Residual stress. o
3 o form and size, history of material. ksi to
U Li. (J o S. E
3 pi oi MN/m2 2-
.2 a Heat treatment c -o
c
g a> -o
strain. stress. stress. time. o
eg
V)
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h l/>
;> Q K HI MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
19 81 Soviet type Khl8N9. Room 21.3 20.6 20.1 Oding/Volkova ring method;
"Standard" heat treatment; 147.1 142.2 138.8 Bending.
Stress relieved 2 h at 750 F (400 C ) Residual stresses have been
after machining. 392 21.3 18.9 18.3 scaled from the published plots
200 147.1 130.4 126.0 of residual stress versus test
temperature.
752 21.3 19.6 19.2 18.8 18.2 "Negative relaxation" was ob-
400 147.1 135.3 132.4 129.4 125.5 served between 100 and 1000 h
for temperatures about between >
752 14.2 13.4 12.5 1250 and 1550 F( 670 and 850 C ). a
co
400 98.1 92.7 86.3 H
M
932 21.3 17.8 17.1 16.0 14.5 3
500 147.1 122.6 117.7 110.3 100.
a
m
932 14.2 12.4 12.0 11.2 10.3
500 98.1 85.8 82.4 77.5 71.1
932 7.1 6.6 5.6 M

co
500 49.0 45.6 38.3 co
1112 21.3 13.9 12.5 11.0 8.5 w

600 147.1 95.6 86.3 76.0 58.8 M
r
TO
1112 14.2 10.3 9.2 7.9 6.4
600 98.1 71.1 63.7 54.4 44.1
1112 7.1 4.2 3.6 2.6 2.3

600 49.0 28.9 25.0 18.1 15.7
1292 21.3 9.2 7.5 5.4 4.3

700 147.1 63.7 52.0 37.3 29.9
1472 21.3 4.6 3.7 2.1

800 147.1 31.9 25.5 14.7
1652 21.3 2.1 1.8 1.2

900 147.1 14.2 12.3 8.3
1832 21.3 1.0

1000 ' 147.I1&T&
18/8
a
Chemical composition, % by wt. b .- B

CO N
(A l -. > ._ E
* z w ^
^P
* z K * z
=5 S s 2 S
S Mn Cr Ni Mo N
ASTM grain size 1 to 3.
o
20 AA 0.048 1.22 0.48 18.6 9.7 0.32 0.031 0.028 0.015 Room 83.4 25.5 88. 84.
575. 175.5 Heat No. 9T2796.
sZ
o
*)
t
>-3
S3
M
CO
CO
I
H
tr1
>
353
o
>
>
sa
a
M
M
a
a>
f
f
o
<!
CO
1E <**
Test temperature,
3 Residual stress, O
form and size, history of material. 5 ksi
3
C u
0)
o Q. t
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3 E z strain, stress, stress, time, & Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is Si Heat treatment o a o
o> ra ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
ra
<A
JO % m
S Q LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
20 AA Type 304 plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 75 5.9 40.0 35.7 35.4 35.4 20 Servo-controlled electro-hydraulic
Solution anneal 2000 F(1095 C ), 1/2 24 276. 246. 244. 244. tester.
hour. Gage section 0. 25 in. (6.3 mm)
900 7.0 30.8 29.8 29. 28. 28.0 168 diameter x 1-1/4 in. (32 mm)
482 212. 205.5 200. 193. 193. long.
Extensometers were attached to
900 40.0 39.5 38.8 37.0 35.5 300 the specimen shoulders for strains
482 276. 272. 268. 255. 245. greater than 1%.
>
1000 15.0 41.1 36.8 33.0 27.3 27.3 115 a
ca
538 283. 254. 227. 188. 188. >-3
M
1000 7.6 29.5 27.7 26.4 24.1 60 3
538 203. 191. 182. 166.
o
CO
1000 4.5 25.0 24.5 23.6 20.5 19.1 170
538 172. 169. 163. 141. 132. >
1000 3.5 20.5 19.9 18.6 (16.9) 17.8 70 M
538 141. 137. 128. (116.5 ) 123. CO
CO
CO
1000 0.5 11.6 11.4 11.2 10.8 100 H
M
, 538 80.0 78.6 77.2 74.5 M
r
CO
1050 5.6 25.8 23.7 20.6 16.7 16.1 160
566 178. 163. 142. 115. 111.
1050 3.4 20.6 19.5 15.5 13.9 13.4 115

566 142. 134. 107. 95.8 92.4
1050 0.5 12.4 12.2 10.6 10.6 10

566 85.8 84.1 73.1 73.1
1050 11.5 10.5 10.5 7.5 100

566 79.3 72.4 72.4 51.7
1100 7.0 30.3 24.2 18.0 14.4 70

593 209. 167. 124. 99.3
Continued on next page.
18/8
Chemical composition, % by wt. $ u. o fc ... E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

? JT "
o ^
2 Mn Cr Mo
O
20 AA 0.048 1.22 0.48 18.6 O
9.7 0.32 0.031 0.028 0.015
i-3
II
O
o

M
CO
CO

>
s25
D
>
>
M
s
w
2
8
>
r
o5
CO
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
6
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
106 psi
c o
0)
MN/m2 >.
deg F
degC
"s strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
03
8 Heat treatment
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
S
(0
Q
20 AA (Continuation). 1100 5.4 26.5 22.5 18.1 12.7 100

593 183. 155. 125. 87.6
1100 4.8 25.6 21.5 16.5 13.6 12.8 300

593 177. 148. 114. 93.8 88.2
1100 3.4 22.5 19.5 17.1 13.2 12.6 166

593 155. 134. 118. 91.0 86.9
1100 21.6 19.8 16.5 8.0 100 >

593 149. 137. 114. 55.2 CO
M
1100 2.9 20.0 16.8 11.7 7.0 80
593 138. 116. 80.7 48.3
o
i(
1100 18.6 16.5 13.8 11.7 11.6 170 ra

593 128. 114. 95.2 80.7 80.0 >
II
IT1
1100 2.47 18.6 16.5 14.9 12.4 100 M
593 128. 114. 103. 85.5 CO
co
CO
1100 1.8 16.5 15.4 12.6 (9.8 ) 10.3 70
a
593 114. 106. 86.9 (67.6) 71.0 m
r
CO
1100 1.0 13.8 12.8 11.0 8.2 100
593 95.2 88.3 75.8 56.2
1100 0.5 12.5 12.1 11.2 9.0 100

593 86.2 83.4 77.2 62.0
1100 0.5 12.0 11.2 10.2 9.5 100

593 82.7 77.2 70.3 65.5
1100 0.2 10.3 9.8 9.1 8.3 8.1 140

593 71.0 67.6 62.7 57.2 55.8
1150 0.5 11.6 11.5 9.5 5.0 100

621 79.7 79.3 65.5 34.5
Concluded on next page.
18/8; 18/25; 13Cr,9Mn,4Ni
e
B
to
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
S> "
| -o -o S5*f
Mn Cr Mo N
O
AA 0.048 1.22 0.48 18.6 9.7 0.32 0.031 0.028 0.015 O
355
O
>*I
co
H

M
co
CO
a
i
8z
21 13 0.3 to 1.5 2 to 17 to 23 to 0.035 0.030 a>
0.4 max. 3 20 26 max. max.
>
a
s
22 13 0.15 8 to 0.8 12 to 3.7 0.060 0.030 F
f
to 10 max 14 to max. max. O
0.30 5.0 !
CO
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
o
CO
C >-
deg F
degC
S strain, stress, time, [u
Heat treatment
to
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
s
R) co
Q
m
UJ
20 AA (Concluded). 1200 30.0 17.0 12.6 11.6 20

649 207. 117. 86.9 80.0
1200 21.5 14.5 9.9 8.0 25

649 148. 100. 68.2 55.2
1200 20.0 13.5 9.9 6.2 100

649 138. 93.1 68.2 42.1
1200 0.5 12.1 9.0 7.0 5.0 100 >

649 83.4 62.1 48.3 34.5 co
1300 0.5 11.7 6.7 4.2 1.9 100 3

704 80.7 46.2 28.9 13.1 II
o
1400 0.5 11.0 3.8 1.0 1.1 45
760 75.8 26.2 6.8 7.6 >
200
21 13 Soviet type 4Khl8N25S2. 1022 29.0

h
22.5 21.3 21.0 2000 "Typical" properties.
a
CO
CO
(Alloy EYa3S) 550 200. 155. 147. 145.
Austenitized;
Aged 90-180F(50-100C) above 1022 21.8 17.8 16.4 16.2 2000 a
M1
the test temperature. 550 150. 123. 113. 112. t-
1112 29.0 17.0 11.9 2000

600 200. 117. 82.
1112 21.8 11.8 10.6 2000

600 150. 81. 73.
200
h
22 13 Soviet grade 2Khl3N4G9. 1112 21.8 11.8 8.4 6.5 2000 "Typical" properties.
Alloy El 100. 600 150. 81. 58. 45.
2100 F( 1150 C), quench;
Age 5 hat 1290 F(700C). 1112 17.4 9.6 6.8 5.4 2000
600 120. 66. 47. 37.
1112 14.5 8.3 5.8 4.8 2000

600 100. 57. 40. 33.
16Cr,8-13Ni,2Mo
e
to
= ST
2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
23 W 0.09 1.83 0.33 16.19 8.36 1.54 0.02 0.015
TJ
ii
f
>
H
o
ir
o
*1
CO
H
S3
M
TOI
CO

M
c
>
o
a
>
>
3S3
24 W 0.09 1.83 0.33 16.19 8.36 1.54 0.02 0.015 W
5!
O
W
25 118 0.06 1.50 0.30 16.10 13.32 2.34 0.04 0.036 0.021 Room 89.6 72.5 33
r-H
618. 500.
0.04 0.82 0.28 16.84 12.58 1.87 0.04 0.025 0.008 932 65.4 48.5 >
500 451. 333.5 f
O
K!
CO
Bolt composition.
"Nut composition.
1E
Test temperature,
3 ._ IN
3 m
u
form and size, history of material. "O S3 _t
O Q. p ksi to
C
MN/m2 >
degF
degC
3 E<o stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is S Heat treatment
z
strain, stress, time, '5
<E "^ ksi 1 10 100
CO
_co % 1000 10,000 ksi h JO
a
flj
S
<0
23 W 16-8-2 weld metal. 1200 0.4 30.0 24.2 20.0 17.0 600 Flow-rate tests.
A s welded. 649 207. 167. 138. 117. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1200 0.2 24.0 20.4 17.0 13.9 13.0 2200
649 165.5 141. 117. 96. 89.6
1300 0.4 21.1 17.0 13.7 11.3 600

704 145.5 117. 94.5 77.9
1300 0.2 18.2 13.5 10.0 7.0 929

>
704 125.5 93. 69. 48.3
Weld
metal 1400 0.4 13.1 10.0 7.5 4.0 600
760 90. 69. 51.7 27.6
o
1400 0.2 13.9 10.7 8.2 5.0 375 GO
760 96. 74. 56.5 34.5 >

1500 0.2 8.2 5.2 4.0 26.9 H
816 56.5 36. 27.6 CO
CO
GO
1600 0.2 5.6 3.5 3.0 21.0
M
871 38.6 24.1 20.7 M
t-<
CO
24 W 16-8-2 weld metal. 1200 0.2 15.5 12.3 7.25 6.0 2250 Flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 107. 85. 50. 41.4 Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
25 118 DIN 17006: X5CrNiMo 1810. 842 0.255 50.6 49.1 47.9 46.5 44.7 Nut thickness = 0. 8 d.
M12 bolt and nut/DIN 931 or 934. 450 349.1 338. 330.5 321. 308. Test length 4-1/8 in. (105 mm).
Form head and reduce; Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolts 1560F(850C), water quench; 932 0.258 50.6 48.2 46.4 43.5 40.0
Roll threads. 500 349.1 332.5 320. 300. 275.5
1022 0.266 50.6 45.1 41.4 34.1 22.9

550 349.1 311. 285. 235. 158.
15Cr,25Ni,lMo; 16-25-6
Q
Proportional limit,
3E
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
0) Chemical composition, % by wt. CO
MN/m2
MN/m2
3 O
>._ E c 0)
deg F
degC
C
g
ksi
ksi
3
^z
CO
!s 3 *o
re 2 3.
c -ri
s Qre
V
CO
C Cr P s o
Mn Si Ni Mo V N ill
o
26 118 p[0. 08 1.50 0.58 14.35 24.80 1.26] 0.018 0.009 Room 170. 144.
o
1172. 990.
*[0.007 1.51 0.61 14.36 24.55 1.36] 0.015 0.010 932 145.1 129.
500 1000. 892.
o
138.0 126. 21
1112
O
600 951. 868. *J
1202 130.1 119.5 CO
H
650 897.3 824. SO
M
CO
CO
I
SO
M
>
O
27 N 0.10 1.72 0.60 16.67 25.26 5.13 Hardness: BHN223;
Grain size 8.
>
So
M
28 J 0.10 1.70 0.57 16.58 25.68 6.08 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1200 ]
(649 C): 6.1 ksi (42 MN/m2). a
>
29 N 0.09 1.80 0.65 15.72 26.31 6.35 0.13 Hardness: BHN 180;
Grain size 4. o
K!
CO
Bolt composition.
*Nut composition.
TO
3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
o
0) form and size, history of material. 3 . (N
ksi
3 u o o. ,
CO
C
MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
."2 a Heat treatment gE -D% -SS strain. stress, stress. time. '5
co CO u>
(A
is % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
wt
S D CD
26 118 German Aircraft Spec. LN1.4944. 932 0.34 63.6 61.4 59.9 57.5 55.5 Bolt with 12-point head;
500 438.4 423.6 413. 396. 382.5 Silver-plated 1/2-20 nut of same
material.
1022 0.266 48.9 38.3 Nut thickness = 1 d.
550 337.4 264. Test length 3-3/4 in. (95 mm).
Automatic relaxation tester.
1112 0.37 63.6 57.2 52.9 45.5 33.0 Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolts 600 438.4 394. 365. 314. 227.5
>
1202 0.60 95.3 71.7 54.0 31.3 11.7 m
650 657.0 494. 373. 216. 80.4 H
M
1202 95.3 62.4 45.5 28.7 3
H
650 657.0 430.5 314. 198. ti
O
CO
1202 0.40 56.9 47.6 37.0 24.2 8.5 H
650 392.3 328.5 255. 167. 59.
>
II
f
27 N 16-25-6 1050 50.0 26.3 (21.5) 188 M
to
1 in. (25 mm) diameter 566 344.7 181. (148.) CO
Hot roll; straighten. CO

i-3
1200 40.0 13.0 (10.2) 192 M
649 275.8 89.6 (70. ) M
r
CO
1350 25.0 4.93 (3.1) 190

732 172.4 34.0 (21. )
28 J 16-25-6; 1-1/4 in. (32 mm) diameter 1200 19.5 0.0125 43.0 (5.9) (3.2) 250
Hot roll; 649 134.5 296.5 (41. ) (22. )
1275F(690C), 4 h;
1200F(650C), 48 h.
29 N 16-25-6. 1050 50.0 25.2 (24. 0) 312

3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 566 344.7 174. (165.5 )
2150 F( 1175C), water quench.
18/8+Ti
E
b .-V* E
Ess * z -* Z ]JSz
=5 S s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Ti
o
30 79 0.12 0.51 0.70 18.00 9.15 0.5 0.018 0.013
F
>
31 79 1067 34.1 Hardness, Vickers (10kg load): 182 to
224.
sz;
575 235.
o
1157 29.9
625 206. CO
H
50
M
t/i
CQ
I
50
M
>
S
z
>
50
M
z;
o
32 79
>
C1
t-
oK!
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
0) form and size, history of material. ksi re
GN/m2
u
106 psi
3
deg F
degC
C
3 MN/m2 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
01 re
% ksi 1
s re 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
CO JO
30 79 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1112 21.34 13.1 10.7 600 VR-8 tester; tension.
2100F(1150C), water quench; 600 147.1 90.3 73.8 Mean residual stress for five
1290 F( 700C), 100 h. tests has been scaled from a plot.
31 79 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1067 22.6 28.45 '17.5 10 Ring specimens; bending.
2100 F( 1150C), water quench. to to Residual stresses have been
20.5 12 scaled from a plot.
575 155.8 196.2 122 68
to to
141 82 >
c
CO
4 17.5 H
1067 14.22 9 to M
to 20 10.5 3
575 98.0 122 60.5 Ii
to to o
136. 73. CO
>
1157 21.9 28.45 14.4 200
625 151.0 196.2 99.3 w
CO
co
1157 21.33 13.7 200
CO
625 147.1 94.6
a
1157 14.22 10.2 200 F
625 98.0 70.1 CO
32 79 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1067 28.4 18.3 17.5 Ring specimens; bending.
575 195.8 126. 121. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1067 21.35 16.2 15.7
575 147.2 112. 108.
1067 14.22 11.8 11.1

575 98.0 81. 76.5
1157 28.4 16.0 14.2

625 195.8 110. 98.
1157 21.33 12.6 11.5

625 147.1 86.7 79.6
*Range for 9 tests 1157 14.22 8.9 8.0

^Range for 8 tests. 625 98.0 61.4 55.0
18/8 + Ti
e
E
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. i Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
,1
a
re
re
E *
I'" 1*8 ri
S Q Mn Si Ni Mo O
O
33 13 Hardness: BHN 156. %
8
o
Hardness: BHN 168. H

34 13 W
M
CO
w
a
I
M
>
o
35 13 Hardness: BHN 170. O
>
>
M
2!
O
36 13 Hardness: BHN 143.

2
>
r
o
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
CO
106 psi
3 O
CO
C
MN/m2 >
degF
degC
3
8 Heat treatment
re 1 10 100
% ksi 1000 10,000 ksi h VI
s m
CO CO
Q
33 13 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1202 21.8 8.4 7.1 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
1830 to 1920 F( 1000 to 1050C), 650 150. 58. 49.
quench.
1202 14.5 6.2 3.9 2000
650 100. 43. 27.
1202 8.7 3.3 2.2 2000

650 60. 23. 15.
34 13 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1202 21.8 9.9 8.4 2000 Ring specimens; bending. >
cj
1830 to 1920F(1000tol050C), 650 150. 68. 58. CO
H
quench; M
1380F(780C), 12 h. 1202 14.5 5.2 4.1 2000 3
650 100. 36. 28. H
tt
O
1202 8.7 3.6 2.6 2000 CO
H
650 100. 25. 18. >
35 13 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 1202 21.8 10.2 8.7 2000 Ring specimens; bending. M
1830-1920F(1000-1050C), quench; 650 150. 70. 60. CO
CO
1470F(800C), 12 h. CO
1202 14.5 7.4 6.2 2000 H
a
650 100. 51. 43. a
f
CO
1202 8.7 4.4 3.5 2000
650 60. 30. 24.
2190-2280 F(1200-1250C), quench. 650 150. 75. 59.
1202 14.5 6.7 4.4 2000

650 100. 46. 30.
1202 8.7 3.6 2.5 2000

650 60. 25. 17.
18/8 + Ti
Chemical composition, % by wt. U. (j Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

._ E
g -* z O <
iS * 2
5 o * 2 s
a
s Mn Cr Ni Mo Ti
O
37 13 Hardness: BHN 143. O
o
2S
O
*)
Hardness: BHN 156. H
38 13 SJ
M
CO
I
SB
M
f
>
o
25
39 *[0.12 1 17 to 8 to 0.7] Room 206.2 O
max. max. 19 10 1422. >
>
40 *[0.12 1 17 to 8 to 0.7] Room 227.6 M

max. max. 19 10 1569. W
I(
>
f
f
o
CO
IE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. are _3
Initial
Residual stress. 6
u
3 u form and size, history of material. ksi
C I.U.O
3 E,
&> z strain. stress. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment jjj T -o time.
a;
<0 (0
(A
m % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h lit
S Q
MN/m2 h h h h h
H LU
MN/m2 LU
2190-2280 F(1200-1250C), quench; 650 150. 81. 65.
1380F(750C), 12 h.
1202 14.5 6.8 5.7 2000
650 100. 47. 39.
1202 8.7 4.2 3.0 2000

650 60. 29. 21.
38 13 Soviet type 1KM8N9T. 1202 21.8 12.0 Ring specimens; bending. >
10.2 2000
2190-2280 F( 1200-1250C ), quench; 650 co
150. 83. 70. H
1470 F( 800 C), 12 h. M
1202 14.5 8.6 7.0 2000
650 100. 59. 48.
O
1202 8.7 5.1 4.4 2000 3
650 60. 35. 30.
39 13 Soviet type lKhl8N9T. 725 28.7 28.4 28.0 26.2 21.3 15.9 2500 Tests on springs 2.3 in. (59 mm) M
68 Wire 0. 2 in. (4. 5 mm) diameter, 385 198.1 196.1 193.2 180.4 147.1 109.8 high x 3.1 in. (79 mm) I. D. , with CO
CQ
cold drawn from 0. 3 in. (8 mm) 0. 4 in. (10 mm) pitch. CO
diameter hot-rolled bar. 788 33.1 29.2 26.0 18.2 8.1 6.1 1750 H
840 F (450 C), 30 min. ; Room temp. 420 228.5 201.0 179.5 125.5 55.9 42.2 M
24 h with turns touching; Unload; L-1
co
840F(450C), 30 min. with turns 842 29.2 27.0 21.2 8.4 4.0 750
touching. 450 201.0 186.3 146.1 57.9 27.5
Coil
springs 40 13 Soviet type 1 Khl8N9T. 725 28.0 27.6 27.3 26.3 18.2 14.8 2500 Tests on springs 2.3 in. (59 mm)
68 Wire 0. 2 in. (4. 5 mm) diameter, 385 199.2 190.2 188.3 181.4 125.5 102.0 high x 3.1 in. (79 mm) I. D. , with
cold drawn from 0. 3 in. (8 mm) 0.4 in. (10 mm) pitch.
diameter hot-rolled bar. 788 28.4 26.0 24.0 18.8 8.7 6.7 1750
840 F (450 C ), 30 min. ; Room temp. 420 196.1 179.5 165.7 129.4 59.8 46.1
24 h with turns touching; unload;
840F(450C), 30 min. with turns 842 28.0 25.9 21.3 12.5 3.0 750
touching. 450 193.2 178.5 147.1 86.3 20.6
18/8 + Ti,Al
a
1E
Test temperature,
|
Tensile strength,
as
a> Chemical composition, % by wt. To
i
MN/m2
3 u Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c ._ >._ E
deg F
degC
C
3 c
o (A "-.
ksi
g
*z
CO
8 t * Z
m CO o
a
E o s sc o
a
re
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Ti Al P s o o cu
cr
UJ
o
41 E 0.05 0.70 0.57 17.89 7.32 0.70 0.50 0.016 0.004 o
is
c-1
il
>
8
o
42 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009 Room 85.0 43.8 51. 72.
586. 302.

H
w
CQ
I
W
43 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009 Room 86. 42.5 52 72. w
593. 293. r
>
o
o
>
44 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009
45 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009 a

a
46 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009
>
F
f
47 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77
o
0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009 K!
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
form and size, history of material. ksi *-re
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C U
deg F
degC
3
strain, stress,
MN/m2
8 Heat treatment o
re
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
sto re
D MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JS
UJ
41 E Stainless "W". 1300 0.39 50.0 5.3 2.0 18

1300 F (705 C), air cool; 704 344.7 36.5 13.8
1300 0.25 40.0 5.0 2.25 18
704 275.8 34.5 15.5
1300 0.3 20.0 2.0 5

704 137.9 13.8
42 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21.34 16.1 11.7 Residual stresses have been >
1740 F( 950 C), 0. 5 h, water quench. 600 147.1 111. 80.7 scaled from a small plot. OO
i-3
M
43 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 28.44 10.5 4000 Residual stresses have been S
1920F(1050C), 0. 5 h, water 600 196.1 72.4 scaled from a small plot.
quench. o
1112 21.34 19.5 17.3 13.5 9.5 4000
600 147.1 134.5 119.3 93.1 65.5
1112 14.22 3.7 4000 M

600 98.0 25.5 03
OO
03
44 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21.34 12.3 7.8 500 Residual stresses have been H
scaled from a small plot. M
1920F(1050C), 0.5h, water quench; 600 147.1 84.8 53.8 H
Pull cold to 10% elongation. C
CO
45 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21.34 10.6 6.4 500 Residual stresses have been
1920F(1050C), 0.5h, water quench; 600 147.1 73.1 44.1 scaled from a small plot.
Pull cold to 20% elongation.
46 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21.34 9.8 5.8 500 Residual stresses have been
1920 F(1050C), 0.5 h, water quench; 600 147.1 67.6 40.0 scaled from a small plot.
Pull cold to 30% elongation.
47 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21.34 20.0 15.8 Residual stresses have been
2100F(1150C), 0.5h, water quench. 600 147.1 138. 109. scaled from a small plot.
18/8 Nb
e
E Bra t en
Chemical composition, % by wt. JjU-O t> ._ E
N
5 ._ E >._ E
? H> =
E & -* z
a
oa 6 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Nb
O
O
48 W 0.06 1.67 0.50 17.78 11.16 0.54 0.02 0.024 S
t)
-(
f
>
H
3
5S
o
*i
CO
H
SO
M
Co
CO
i
W
M
f
>
>
O
33
M
2
S
>
r
r
o
CO
i
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
106 psi
3 CD
O
degF
C
degC
is 3
8 strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment
V
%
to
CO ca
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h n
S a MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
48 W Type 347 bar. 1200 0.4 19.0 17.2 15.5 13.1 11.0 1865 Flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 131. 118.5 107. 90. 75.8 Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1200 0.2 15.9 14.2 12.8 10.2 10.0 1026
649 110. 98. 88. 70. 69.
1300 0.477 14.8 11.7 4.75

704 102. 81. 33.
>
1300 0.2 14.4 5.85 5.0 1425 CO
704 99. 40. 34.5
M
1400 0.4 13.1 10.4 4.8 3.0 150

760 90. 72. 33. 20.7 O
CO
1400 0.2 12.2 10.0 5.2 4.0 151 H
760 84. 69. 36. 27.6
>
1500 0.4 8.0 4.85 2.0 37.7 M
CO
816 55. 33. 13.8 CO
CO
1500 0.2 7.7 4.8 2.0 52.0 W

816 53. 33. 13.8 W
P
CO
1600 0.4 3.9 2.0

871 27. 14.
1600 0.2 3.7 2.0 8.5

871 25.5 13.8
1700 0.4 1.45 1.0 5.0

927 10.0 6.9
1700 0.2 2.55 1.0 5.0

927 17.6 6.9
1800 0.2 0.75 1.25

5.2
18 8 Nb

25 u. o
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. *s; CM
" .- E >._ E
2> O w> '
*z
-e -o
g
oa * 2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Nb
O
49 W 0.09 1.96 0.27 19.22 10.24 0.68 0.025 0.012 O
P
>
5S3
O
*l
CO
H
SO
H
co
CO
I
SO
M
f
>
50 W 0.069 1.68 0.57 19.91 9.91 0.78
s
>
8
tI
M
M
SO
51 95 0.09 1.96 0.27 19.2 10.2 0.68 0.025 0.012 1300 40.5 >
704 279.
F
o
K|
CO
1E
Test temperature,
J3 Residual stress, o
3 ._ t*
3 CD form and size, history of material.
o a.fc
ksi *-to
C >-
U
deg F
degC
3 E z strain, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!2 Si o?(3 stress, time, 'o
Heat treatment
to
to
tfl
JO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
V)
5 a
CD
LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
49 w Type 347 weld metal; 1200 0.2 25.8 23.3 20.7 16.0 900 Flow-rate tests.
Low (2%) ferrite. 649 178. 161. 143. 110.3 Residual stresses have been
As welded. scaled from a plot.
1300 0.2 23.7 19.8 14.3 9.0 1450
704 163. 136.5 98.6 62.0
1400 0.2 17.6 13.9 9.7 6.0 670

760 121. 96. 67. 41.4
1500 0.2 14.2 9.5 6.0 54 a,

816 98. 65.5 41.4 CO
-3
W
1600 0.2 10.8 5.0 3.0 27
871 74.5 34.5 20.7
Weld
n
50 W Type 347 weld metal; 1200 0.2 25.8 24.0 21.2 17.0 630 Flow-rate tests. CO
metal 11% ferrite. 649 178. 165.5 146. 117.2 Residual stresses have been
As welded. scaled from a plot.
2!1
1300 0.2 21.7 17.6 12.4 7.9 7.0 1680 IT
W
704 149.5 121. 85.5 54.5 48.3 CO
CO
1400 0.2 17.1 13.3 9.4 6.0 590 aw

760 118. 92. 65. 41.4 w1
t-
co
1500 0.2 12,9 9.2 5.2 5.0 111
816 89. 63.5 36. 34.5
1600 0.2 8.9 4.15 3.0 18.9

871 61. 28.5 20.7
51 95 Low ferrite Type 347 weld metal. 1200 15.2 0.20 29.5 26.9 25.0 21.3 17.0 500 Automatic relaxation tester.
As welded. 649 104.8 203.4 185.5 172.4 146.9 117.2 Results have been scaled from a
Automatic plot.
vs. 1200 14.5 0.20 28.6 26.0 23.7 20.2 17.0 500
Manual 649 100.0 197.2 179.3 163.4 139.3 117.2
1200 15.5 0.20 29.0 25.3 20.7 17.8 500 Manual load reductions.
649 106.9 200.0 174.4 142.7 122.7 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
18 8 Nb
e
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. S._ E
CO N
>._
* z -* z S * z
=5 2 2 s
Mn Cr Mo Nb+Ti Cu
52 106 0.07 1.68 0.54 17.91 12.4 0.92 0.07 0.014 0.018 Room 80.1 32.3 62.3 71.5 o
552. 223.
sSi
o
*1
CO
H
W
W
CO
>
2
>1
t-
s
CO
* Yield point.
Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial
E Final
Heat treatment ,"
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
52 106 AISI Type 347. 1202 0.15 23.5 21.5 19.0 15.5 Automatic tester.
2010F(1100C), 2 h, water quench. 650 162. 148. 131. 107. In cyclic-strain tests, a complete
cycle lasted 31 seconds, with a
1202 0.15 22.5 20.5 18. 12-second hold at maximum and
Cyclic 650 0.0058 155. 141. 123. minimum strain.
strain Results have been scaled from a
1202 0.15 20. 18. 14.5 plot.
650 0.009S 138.5 125. 100.
1202 0.095 15.5 14. 12. 11.4 240

>
650 106. 97. 85. 78.4 CO
M
1202 0. 095i 13.5 12. 9.
650 0.0066 94. 81.5 63.
o
CO
M
CO
en
M
M
f
CO
18 8 W,Mo; 14/14+W,Mo
Q
o
SO ._tn E
Ei
o ^
Mn Cr Ni Mo w
O
0.10 0.64 0.51 19.41 8.25 0.32 2.08 O
%
82 '[0.15 0.7 0.8 13 to 13 to 0.4 2 to H

max. max. 15 15 to 2.75] 8
0.6
O
50 0.15 0.70 0.72 14.28 13.8 0.6 2.75 0.023 0.03

1w
CO
CO
I
a
w
>
3w
w
S
M
S3
s>
IT1
* IT
1
56 13 0.4 to 0.30 0.30 13 to 13 to 0.25 2 to 0.030 0.030 O

0.5 max. to 15 15 to 2.5 max. max. K!
co
0.80 0.40
IE
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
3 V
106 psi
u
CO
C >
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2
s Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, ]o
TO s % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h l/l

w
s CO
D MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
53 J 1-1/8 In. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 1200 19.2 1.42 40.0 (3.9) (2.2) 260
Hot rolled; HOOF(760C), 25 h; 649 132.4 275.8 (27. ) (15. )
1200F(650C), 48 h.
54 82 Soviet type lKhl4N14V2M. 1112 23.5 17. 15. 500 Oding ring method; bending.
(Alloy El 257). 600 162.0 118. 103.5 Residual stresses have been
2100F(1150C), water quench; scaled from a plot.
1290F(700C), 50 h. 1112 20.55 15.7 14. 500
600 141.7 108. 96.5
>
55 50 Soviet alloy El 257. 932 21.3 17.1 200 Tension specimens in automatic a
2100F(1150C), 2 h, water quench. 500 147.1 117.7 relaxation tester.
932 18.5 15.4 200 s

500 127.5 105.9 II
o
1112 17.1 10.5 200
600 117.7 72.6 >
Tension
vs.
1112 12.8 8.7 200 M
Bending
600 88.3 59.8 CO
CO
CO
H
M
932 21.3 17.8 200, Oding ring method; bending. W
500 147.1 122.6
932 18.5 14.5 200

500 127.5 100.0
1112 17.1 10.7 200

600 117.7 73.6
1112 12.8 8.1 200

600 88.3 55.9
56 13 Soviet type 4Khl4N14V2M. 1022 29.0 20.3 200 "Typical" values.

(Soviet alloy El 69) 550 200. 140.
Austenitized;
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) 1112 17.4 4.2 3.2 2000
above test temperature. 600 120. 29. 22.
1112 14.5 3.6 2.6 2000

600 100. 25. 18.
20Cr,25Ni+W,Mo,B
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. .- E S .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o < ""*-
E 2.
=5 S o 2
a
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
13 Hardness: BHN 187. O
>
II
O
Hardness: BHN 197. S!
58 13 O
CO
SO
M
CO
CO
I
59 13 Hardness: BHN 229. S3
W
>
O
o
>
>
s
SB
61 13 Hardness: BHN 187. W
S
rI
M
M
SO
II

>
f
f
o
K!
Residual stress. o
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 3
E O form and size, history of material. re
3 u ksi
C O Q-.C
3 Et
> z strain. MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"TO
Heat treatment E J" S" stress. stress.
0) re
ED % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
:> Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
57 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 13.6 6.5 6.2 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
Austenitized 1830-1920 F(1000- 650 200. 94. 45. 43.
1050 C).
1202 21.8 11.0 6.0 3.3 2000
650 150. 76. 41. 23.
Austenitized 1830-1920 F( 1000- 650 200. 89. 67. 52.
1050C);
Aged 1380 F( 750C), 24 h. 1202 21.8 6.1 3.6 2000 >
650 150. 42. 25. co
i-3
M
1830-1920 F( 1000-1050C); 650 200. 98. 75. 60.
1470F(800C), 24 h. O
1202 21.8 5.7 3.8 2000
650 150. 39. 26. >
650 200. 100.
a
2190-2280 F( 1200-1250C). 59. 53. co
co
CO
1202 21.8 12.2 6.2 5.2 2000
650 150. M
84. 43. 36. a
t-1
CO
2190-2280 F(1200-1250C); 650 250. 104. 80. 65.
1380F(750C), 24 h.
1202 21.8 12.0 9.1 5.8 2000
650 150. 83. 63. 40.
2190-2280 F( 1200-1250C); 650 200. 135. 100. 84.
1420 F( 800C), 24 h.
1202 21.8 12.3 9.9 7.5 2000
650 150. 85. 68. 52.
17Cr,13NiMo,Ti
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o b - E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._
8* * z * z
s s
6
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
118 0.06 1.32 0.50 16.98 12.32 1.94 0.53 0.038 0.008 Room 101.0 72.
o
696.3 495. II
*0.07 1.32 0.42 17.06 11.88 2.24 0.53 0.032 0.009
572 80.4 58.
300 554. 402.
s
932 75.4 51.
500 520. 353. o
CO
S)
w
en
CO
i
64 79 0.08 1.09 0.06 17.00 13.04 3.39 0.51 0.020 0.012 M

r
o
2!
O
>
>
a
s>
t-1
f
o
CO
Bolt composition
*Nut composition.
Residual stress,
8."-" Eo z MN/m2
Heat treatment u 2 IS strain, time,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
63 118 M12bolt, DIN 931 or 934. 572 0.232 50.6 49.1 47.9 47.2 45.8 Nut thickness 0. 8 d.
Bolt steel XlOCrNiMoTi 1810/DIN 300 349.1 338. 330.5 325.5 316. Test length 4-1/8 in. (105 mm).
17006; Nut of the same alloy. Data have been scaled from a plot,
Bolt processing: Form head; 842 0.255 50.6 47.8 46.4 45.1 43.7
Bolts 1510-1580F(820-860C), water; 450 349.1 329.5 319.5 311. 301.
Reduce; roll threads.
932 0.258 50.6 47.1 45.0 41.8 39.5
500 349.1 324.5 310. 288. 272.5
>
1022 0.266 50.6 46.2 43.5 40.4 33.3 a
550 349.1 318.5 300. 278.5 229.5 CO
H
M
64 79 Soviet alloy El 432. 1112 21.34 14.2 600 VR-8 tester; tension. S
H
2100 F( 1050 C ), water quench; 600 147.1 97.9 63 Residual stresses have been scaled ii
O
1290F(700C), 100 h. from a plot giving an average
a>
curve for five tests. H
>
M
Co
co
co
H
M
B
C
CO
13Cr,12 Ni + W,Ti,AI; 15Cr,18-35Ni + W,Ti
Q
Proportional limit,
isE
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
0)
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. CO (0
MN/m2
N
MN/m2
U a>
C >._ E c
deg F
degC
g n
ksi
D
ksi
S g-Sz reoi
re d s O
re re c
o
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Al W Ti P s m CC
o
65 86 0.11 0.54 1.05 13.09 11.72 0.16 1.15 0.79 0.03 0.01 Room 86.6 34.8 *41. 69. o
597. 240. s
3
o
66 13 0.08 0.5 0.6 13 to 18 to 3 to 4 1.3 to
max. to max. 15 21 1.8 SJ
1.9 M
CQ
CO
I
SI
a
67 13 0.12 1.0 0.6 14 to 34 to 2.8to 1.1 to f
>
max. to max. 16 38 3.5 1.5
2.0
o
68 65 0.06 14.9 34.92 3.68 1.13 Room 128. 75.4 26. 41.
882.5 520. >
1202 98.1 74. 10.7 14.7 O
650 677. 510. W
M
s
69 38 *0.12 1.0 0.25 14 to 34to 2.8 to 1.1 to 0.015 0.025 1202 55.5
to to 16 38 3.2 1.4 to 57 M
2.0 0.50 t
650 382to
392.
>
o
Typical composition. *%/5D.
temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, J3 Initial
Residual stress, 6
E Final u
3 U form and size, history of material. ksi CO
C O O..E
deg F
degC
3 MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
5! Heat treatment o 52 a strain. stress. time.
0) m
to vt
at
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
S Q Ul MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
65 86 Poldi steel AKVJB. 1112 28.44 7.1 4000 Residual stresses have been
1740 F( 950C), 1 h, air cool. 600 196.1 49.0 scaled from a small published
plot.
1112 21.34 2.2 4000
600 147.1 15.2
1112 14.22 2.45 4000

600 98.0 16.9
66 13 Soviet type Khl5N18V3T. 1202 36.3 26.1 21.5 "Typical" values. >
e!
Soviet alloy EP 507. 650 250. 180. 148. CO
Austenitized; Aged 90-180 deg. F M

(50-100 deg. C) above test temp.
ii
67 13 Soviet type Khl5N35VT. 1202 36.3 30.5 28.9 23.2 "Typical" values. O
Soviet alloy El 612. 650 250. 210. 199. 160.
Austenitized; Aged 90-180 deg. F >
(50-100 deg. C ) above test temp. 1256 36.3 24.4 18.3 14.5
680 250. 168. 126. 100. M
CO
68 65 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 43.4 36.8 26.0 23.75 1800 Gage section 12 mm (0. 5 in)
650 299.2 254. 179. 164. diameter x 155 mm(6 in.) long.
w1
1202 35.6 32.4 29.4 18.9 t-
650 245.5 223.5 202.5 130.5
1 min. 5min. 0.5 h

69 38 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 76.8 53. 50.5 43. 5IM testing machine.
650 529.6 363. 348. 294. Loading rate about 4 ksi (29 MPa)
per second; Unloading rate about
1202 71.1 53. 46.5 38. 1.8 ksi (12 MPa) per second.
650 490.3 363. 321. 262. Steps about 0.004 to 0.008 % strain,
1202 64.0 57. 50. 43.

650 441.3 394. 343. 294.
1202 56.9 55. 51. 43.

650 392.3 378. 353. 294.
15Cr,25-35Ni + W,Ti

._ E
Ess* (A -^
_ *a
'I
* z
Mn Cr Ni Mo w
o
13
s:
s2,
o
71 84 '0.12 1 to 0.25 14 to 35 to 2.8to 1.1 to 0.025 0.025 w

w
2 to 16 38 3.2 1.4 max. max. CO
CO
0.50
50
W
C
>
>
72 85
W
50
II
s>
O
Hi
CO
* Typical composition.
0>
Residual stress. 6
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. _3
Initial Final
ksi (0
3
C u o n..fc
Torsion Axial MN/m2
E o> S* E 2 stress. stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 >
stress. time.
8 Heat treatment
ra *
'3
ksi ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h Ui
m
s (0
Q
1- Ui MN/m2 MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
70 13 Soviet type Khl5N25V4T. 1202 43.5 *37.8 31.9

2065F(1130C), quenched; 650 300. 261. 220.
Aged at 1380 F (750C).
1202 36.3 *31.0 29.3
650 250. 214. 202.
1202 29.0 *24.7 23.5

650 200. 170. 162.
>
71 84 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 0 35.5 29.8 28.9 250 0. 28 in. (7 mm) diameter x 5. 5 in. a,
"Appropriate" heat treatment. 650 0 245. 205.5 199. (140 mm) long gage section.
IRS-01 tester with rigid dyna- a
1202 7.1 35.5 28.9 27.8 250 mometers to measure axial load 3
650 49. 245. 199. 191.5 and torque.
Residual stress (axial) has been O
1202 14.2 35.5 27.8 26.6 250 scaled from a plot. CO
Tension 650 98. 245. 191.5 183.5 >

+
Torsion 1202 21.3 35.5 26.2 25.0 250 M
650 147. 245. 181. 172.5 CO
CO
1202 28.4 35.5 25.4 23.9 250 M

650 196. 245. 175.5 165. M
f
CO
1202 35.5 35.5 23.0 21.4 250
650 245. 245. 158.5 147.5
72 85 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 34.8 "29.3 28.4 26.5 500 Step-down test, with curve passed
Austenitized. 650 240.3 202.0 195.6 182.4 thru the minimum point for each
step. Results have been scaled
from a plot.
1202 34.8 "29.9 28.7 26.9 500 1.09
Tension 650 240.3 205.9 198.1 185.4 IRS-01 tester; load measured to
vs. 0. 5% with a stiff hydraulic dyna-
Bending mometer. Gage section 0. 28 in.
(7 mm) diameter x 5. 5 in. (140 mm
1202 34.8 "30.6 29.5 27.9 500
650 240.3 210.8 203. 5 192.2 Ring specimen; bending.
plot.
J
*120h. 50h.
15Cr,35Ni + W,Ti
00 N
.. E >._ E
E * Z fc * z
S o ^ 2 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
13
F
>
>-3
S
O
*d
co

H
CO

W
M
F
>
o
D
>
>
3S3
W
S
l-H
M
M

s>
F
F
O
*<
CO
Residual stress,
8."-" MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
ECD "O8 "58 Eto Z
Heat treatment 2?o
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
73 14 Soviet type Khl5N35V5T. 1202 35.6 *32.3 "30.4 26.3 Tension specimens.
650 245.2 222.6 209.9 181.4
1256 35.6 *29.3 "26.3 24.3 875

Tension 680 245.2 202.0 181.4 167.7
vs.
Bending
1202 35.6 *28.9 "27.4 25.7 Ring specimens; bending.
650 245.2 199.1 189.3 177.5
>
1256 35.6 *26.5 23.2 20.9
a
co
680 245.2 182.4 159.8 144.2 H
M
O
CO
H
>
M
CO
CO
CO
H
a
M
CO
*120 h. 500 h.
15Cr,25Ni+W,Ti,B,Ce
Chemical composition, % by wt. U. (J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

a -a a -* Z -* z
=5 S s
Mn Cr Ni Mo w Ce
O
74 10 0.12 0.5 0.6 14 to 22 4 to 5 1.4 to 0.005 0.025 o
max. to max. 16 to 1.8
1.0 26
3S5
o
*]
CO
H
50
M
CO

o
75 13 0.12 0.5 0.6 14 to 22 4 to 5 1.4 to 0.005 0.025
max. to max. 16 to 1.8
1.0 25 >
o
50
M
76 14
M
2
>
r
f
o
!
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Initial Final u
3 U form and size, history of material. 3 CM
O Q. C
ksi J
C
degF
degC
3 z- MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is a Heat treatment o e> strain, stress, time,
a V)
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (A
s
CO
Q
(0
JS
ill
74 10 Soviet type Khl5N25V5T. 1292 42.7 32. 26. 24.5 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 164. 700 294.2 220. 177. 169. Data have been scaled from a plot.
1292 35.6 27.5 22.5 21.2 2000

700 245.2 189. 155. 146.
1292 28.4 23. 19. 17.9 2000

700 196.1 160. 129.5 123.5
1382 42.7 27. 13.5 11.4 1900 >

750 294.2 187. 94. 78.5 CO
H
1382 35.6 24. 13. 11.4 1900
750 245.2 168. 89. 78.5 ti
O
1382 28.4 20. 12. 10.2 1900 CO
750 196.1 137. 81. 70.6
75 13 Soviet type Khl5N25V4T. 1202 36.3 30.8 29.2 23.2 "Typical" values. M
Soviet alloy EP 164. 650 250. 212. 201. 160. en
CO
Austenltized; CO
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) 1256 36.3 29.6 26.8 17.4 H
W
above test temperature. 680 250. 204. 185. 120. M
f
CO
76 14 Soviet type 3Khl9N9VBT. 1112 0.100 15.2 11.4 Ring specimens; bending.
600 105. 78.5
1112 0.150 21.3 17.1

600 147. 118.
Bending
vs. 1202 0.100 12.8 8.5
Tension 650 88.3 58.8
1112 0.100 17.4 11.4 Tension specimens.

600 119.6 78.5
1112 0.150 21.3 17.1

600 147. 118.
1202 0.100 12.8 18rV

650 88.3 58.8
HS-88; Cr/Ni W,Mo,Ti,B
Chemical composition, % by wt. Li. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
T3 -a x Z
Mn Cr Mo w Ti O
Hardness: BHN 255.
o
0.06 1.48 0.69 11.81 16.04 2.64 0.85 0.75 0.19
Grain size 4.
F
>
o
2;
o
*]
CO
H
78 14
a
H
CO
CO
w
>
>
79 W *0.070 1.5 0.4 12. 15. 2. 3.68 1.13 0.011 80 104.9 *73. 85. 32. 63.
27 723.3 503. 586. 3>
M
1200 71. *54. 61.
649 489.5 372.

rI
M
1350 57.5 *46. 56. 30. 71. M
732 396.4 317. 386. W
5S
O

f
f
o
CO
*C and B by analysis; other elements by addition. *0. 02% offset yield strength.
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 J3
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
o
0) form and size, history of material. CD 3 CM
U en c ksi CO
3
C
u o D. .e
3
E 5? 5? E z strain, stress. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"co
S Heat treatment time,
% ksi 1 10 100 10,000
CO
co 1000 ksi h
5
CO
Q r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
77 N HS-88. 1050 60.0 47.3 ( 46.) 432

1-1/16 in. (27 mm) diameter. 566 413.7 326. (317.)
Hot-cold worked.
1200 40.0 20.0 (18.) 236
649 275.8 138. (124.)
1350 25.0 12.2 (11.7) 168

732 172.4 84. (80.7)
78 14 Soviet type Khl5N35VMT. 1202 35.6 *28. 9 "25.9 Tension specimens. >
650 245.2 199. 178.5
s
M
1256 35.6 *26.6 "23.8 22.0 875
680 245.2 183.4 163.8 152. i-3
l-H
o
Tension
S3
vs. 1202 35.6 *27.4 25.7 24.2 Ring specimens; bending.
Bending 650 245.2 189.3 177.5 166.7
M
1256 35.6 *24.3 a21.0 18.8 CO
680 245.2 167.7 145.1 129.4 w
H
M
79 W 150 lb. (70 kg) induction furnace. 1200 21. 36.2 35. 33.9 31.0 28.0 (25.0) Strain corresponds to an initial M
4 x 4 x 18 in. (100x100x460 mm) 649 144.8 249.6 241. stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m2) f
234. 214. 193. (172.)
ingots forged to 2.75 in. (70 mm) at room temperature.
squares between 2100 and 1900 F 1350 18. 30.15 28.1 25.6 22.0 16.0 ( 9.5)
(1150 and 1040 C); Cogged to 1.75 in. 732 124.1 207.9 194. 176.5 152. 110. (65.5)
(45 mm) squares; Rolled to 1 in. (25
mm) rounds. 1350 30.15 28.8 26.5 23.2 17.0 (10.0)
2100F(1150C), 1 h, air cool; 732 207.9 198.5 183. 160. 117. (69. )
Reheat to 1500F(815C); roll to 7/8
in. (22 mm) rounds between 1400 and
1200 F( 760 and 650 C ); Straightening
passes taken as low as 900 F (480 C)
1500F(815C), 2 h.
*120h. 500 h.
EME; Cr,Ni + W,Nb,B or Mo,Nb,B
(0
Chemical composition, % by wt. * .- E
N
>._
E " o * Z S * z
=5 S o * 2 s
Mn Cr Mo w Nb N O
O
0.13 0.55 0.60 19.5 11.98 3.28 1.24 0.10 Room 117.4 69.9 32. 55. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1000 ]'
1
809.4 482. (538C):39. 5 ksi (272 MN/m2).
II
O
81 0.12 0.54 0.40 19.03 12.30 3.25 1.25 Room 132.5 120.5 16. 52. Hardness: BHN 285/302/
913.6 831.
o
M
Ta (/)I
82 0.14 0.56 0.36 19.02 12.00 0.15 3.01 0.54 0.162 0.016 0.016 Hardness: VPH 240/302. SO
M
f
>
5
SO
M
B
83 13 0.12 13 to 17 to 2.4 0.007
max. 14 19
a
8
>1
tr
f
84 29 0.04 1.5 0.30 15.5 15.5 1.6 1.2 0.045 0.030 Room 93 to 71. 16. O
to max. to to to to max. max. max. 121 min. min.
0.10 0.60 17.5 17.5 2.0 B
0.05 640 to 490.
835. mln.
to
0.10
*%/5D. *Nb + Ta
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, i _3 Residual stress. 0
3 0) form and size, history of material. u. 0 "2 E ksi J

C
3 r O CD E<o 2 MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
."2 3 Heat treatment e cu strain. stress. stress. time. '5
jg ^ "D
(a
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
^
vt CO CO
Q
r- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
80 H EME 1000 23.0 0.18 37.6 35.4 500

3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 538 158.6 259. 244.
Cold work at 1200 F(650C);
1250 F( 675 C), 4 h, air cool.
81 U EME 1130 35.5 33.4 31.0 25.0 Strain corresponds to an initial

2-3/8 in. (60 mm) diameter. 610 244.8 230. 214. 172. room-temperature stress of
Solution treat; Age. 45 ksi (310.3 MN/m2).
1200 29.4 24.6 21.3 16.5
649 202.7 170. 147. 114. >
en
82 u Modified EME 900 36.0 35.5 35.4 32.7 1054 Strain corresponds to an initial
3.75 in. (95 mm) diameter. 482 248.2 244.8 244.1 225.5 room-temperature stress of
45 ksi (310.3 MN/m2).
1000 42.8 38.3 34.4 30.3 1007 O
538 295.1 264. 237. 209. CO
>
1100 35.0 34.0 33.5 31.6 431
593 241.3 234.5 231. 218. M
en
CO
1150 38.8 35.5 33.7 28.6 28.0 1462 en
621 267.5 245. 232.5 197. 193. i-3
H
M
1200 36.6 28.8 22.5 18.5 18.2 1487 r
en
649 252.3 198.5 155. 127.5 125.5
83 13 Soviet type lKhl4N18V2BRl 1202 29.0 18.3 16.2 13.9 5000 "Typical" values.
Soviet alloy El 726 650 200. 126. 112. 96.
Austenitized;
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) 1202 21.8 15.5 13.3 12.8 2000
above test temperature. 650 150. 107. 92. 88.
84 29 DIN 17006, Grade X8CrNiMoBNb 1382 0.2 8.8 6.4

1616; 750 61. 44.
DIN 17007, Material No. 1.4986.
1380-1470 F( 750-800C), air cool.
20Cr 25Ni + Mo, W, Nb,B, Ce
Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. *= ._ E S .- E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

Q) * Z
^ s o ^ 2 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo W Nb Ce
O
15 0.14 0.89 0.38 21.5 23.7 2.65 1.08 1.25 0.003 0.020 o
s
>
s
86 15 0.14 0.89 0.38 21.5 23.7 2.65 1.08 1.25 0.003 0.020
o
M
CO
CO
I
50
M
F
>
>
s

I<
>
F
F
o
Residual stress,
o o.
Heat treatment u 2 C3
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m! h h h h MN/m:
85 15 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3BR 1202 28.4 19.2 14.5 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 148 650 195.8 132. 100.
2190 F( 1200C), quench.
1202 21.3 12.0 9.7
650 146.9 83. 67.
86 15 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3BR. 1202 28.4 13.9 11.0 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 148. 650 195.8 96. 76.
1830 F( 1000 C), quenched.
10.0 5.8 >
1202 21.3 a
650 146.9 69. 40. H
M
3
*-<
o
m
>
m
TO
CO
M
M
r
TO
19Cr/9Ni Mo,Nb,Ti

2 u. u
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. S =
>._ E
-* Z * Z
s -e -a 5 2 S
Mn Si Cr Mo Nb Ti o
O
78 0.27 0.7 0.4 18 to 8 to 1 to 0.3 0.25 68 106.7 46.9 42. 50. 3
to to to 20 11 1.5 to to 20 735.5 324. v
II
1
IT
0.36 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.55 1112 69.7 35.6 20. 46. >
600 480.5 245.
s
1202 63.3 34.1 24. 55.
O
650 436.4 235.
co
H

H
CO
CO

>
88 13 0.27 0.7 0.4 18 to 8 to 1.0 0.3 0.25 >

to
0.36
to
1.2
to
0.7
20 11 to
1.5
to
0.6
to
0.55
3
2
S
1
t-1
t-
o
co
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
106 psi
3 U
C
deg F
degC
"w
0)
% _rew)
s re ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000
CO
CD ksi h
87 78 Soviet alloy El 572. 1112 24.2 0.150 30.9 24.2 19.5 17.1 16.4 1548 UIM-5 Relaxation tester.
2155 F( 1080 C), water quench; 600 167. 212.8 167. 134. 118. 112.8 Gage section 5.9 in. (150 mm)
Age 1470F(800C), 15 h. long x 0. 5 in. (12 mm) diameter.
1112 0.241 28.5 24.2 22.8 20.6 19.8 1240
600 196.1 167. 157. 142. 136.3
1112 0.150 25.6 21.6 20.3 18.1 18.2 1088

600 176.5 149. 140. 124.5 125.5
1112 0.144 21.3 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.8 1686 >

a
600 147.1 143. 141. 137. 136.3 CO
M
1112 0.098 21.3 17.9 16.4 13.5 12.9 1555
600 147.1 123.5 113. 93. 89.2
O
1202 23.5 0.106 21.3 15.4 14.1 12.4 12.0 1115 co
H
650 162. 147.1 106. 97. 85. 82.4 >
1202 0.114 21.3 18.2 15.9 12.5 11.5 1850 W
650 147.1 125.5 110. 86. 79. CO
CO
CO
88 13 Soviet alloy El 572. 1040 29.0 22.0 20.9 19.4 "Typical" values.
Austenltized; 560 200. 152. 144. 134. 5000 M
a
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) f
above test temperature. 1112 43.5 26.1 20.2 14.5 5000 CO
600 300. 180. 139. 100.
1112 36.3 23.2 17.8 13.9 5000

600 250. 160. 123. 96.
1112 29.0 20.0 17.0 13.0 5000

600 200. 138. 117. 90.
1202 36.3 18.8 13.2 10.9 5000

650 250. 130. 91. 75.
1202 29.0 16.0 11.9 9.4 5000

650 200. 110. 82. 65.
19-9 DL
1E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
MN/m2
CO
MN/m2
C > _ E
deg F
degC
O)
C
g
ksi
3
ksi
!s ssJJz
CO
51
CD RJ
2 * CO
Dl
c
*o
6
sCO CD
o C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Nb Ti P s o
UJ
CO
o
79.0 33.
o
89 J 0.33 1.14 0.65 19.10 9.05 1.35 1.14 0.35 0.16 Room 120.5 46. Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 12001
830.8 545. (649C):5. 2 ksi (35. 9 MN/m2). H-C
0.26 0.52 0.27 18.95 9.05 1.22 1.19 0.29 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate, ^L,
>
90 C 0.21 2
1050 F 23.0 1200 F 15.7

s2,
566 C 159. 649 C 108. o
"1
1350 F 7.0 1500 F 2.0 CO
732 C 48. 816 C 14. H
W
Co M
91 N 0.30 0.90 0.70 18.72 9.12 1.18 1.33 0.35 0.25 0.10 Room 103. 21.3 36.5 42. 47. Hardness: BHN 193. TOI
CO
710. 147. 252. w

M
if
92 U 0.33 1.14 0.65 19.10 9.05 1.35 1.14 0.35 0.16 Room 156. 93. 17. 46. Creep-rupture strengths, ' , , :
MN/m'
>
1076. 641.
100 h 1000 h 10,000 h
HOOF 53. ( 27.) O
593 C 365. (186.)
1200 F 45. 28. ( 15.)
649C 310. 193. (103.) >
Elongations in the above tests were only
O
1-2% at 1100 F; 1-4% at 1200 F. to
V-notch Charpy impact: 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules M
47. 55.
a
93 U 0.29 1.23 0.77 19.30 9.50 1.18 1.12 0.51 0.16 0.026 0.019 Room 110. 60.
758.4 414. M
H
1000 82. 46. 35. 51. 50
538 565.4 317.
s>
94 U 0.31 1.28 0,65 19.20 9.02 1.42 1.43 0.51 0.30 0.025 0.016 Room 107. 41. 40. 51. f
737.7 283. f
O
1000 73. 34. 28. 44. !
CQ
538 503.3 234.
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
E
3 0) form and size, history of material. 3 ._ IN
ksi reo
C U o a-E >
deg F
MN/m2
degC
Is
3 , Z strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment .a w
0) re ksi 1 10 100 1000
re reM % 10,000 ksi h
s
m
(0 m
Q LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
89 J ASTM A453, Grade 651. ["19-9DL"] 1200 19.9 1.23 32.0 5.0 (2.85) 1012
1. 25 In. (32 mm) diameter. 649 137.2 220.6 34.5 (19.6)
As received, plus 1200F(650C),
48 h.
90 C 19-9DL 1050 22.2 0.173 28.43 (22. 5) (20.1) 340

Hot rolled; 566 153.1 196.0 (155.) (139.)
1200F(650C), 2 h.
1200 18.1 0.173 21.68 (15.2) (13.1) 695
649 124.8 149.5 (105.) (90.3)
>
1350 18.3 0.173 14.99 (7.0) ( 4.1) 700 w

732
1500
126.2 103.4
14.4 0.173 8.27

(48. ) (28. )
(1.6) (0.82) 355

1o
co
816 99.3 57.0 (U.) (5.6)
>
91 N 19-9DL. 1100 30.0 20.8 19.5 (18.5) 1752
3/4 x 3/4 in. (19 x 19 mm). 593 206.8 143.4 134.5 (127.5) M
2200 F( 1205 C), 1 h, water quench; CO
CO
1500 F( 815 C), 4 h, furnace cool. CO
i-3
M
Above specimen, restressed: 1100 30.0 24.1 (23. 0) (21.0) 475 M
IT1
593 206.8 166.2 (159.6) (145.) CO
92 U 19-9DL. 1200 21.4 0.2 29.0 22. 12. ( 2.6) (7.0) 2700
0.62 in. (16 mm) square. 649 147.6 200.0 152. 83. (18. ) (48. )
2100F(1150C), lh, air cool;
Hot-cold work 15% at 1200 F( 650 C)
1200F(650C), furnace cool.
93 U 19-9DL. 1000 23.5 0.2 40.0 36. 32. [ 28.5) 30.0 3000
2 in. (51 mm) diameter. 538 162.0 275.8 248. (196.5) 207.
Finish roll at 1500 F(815C);
1200 F( 650 C), 4 h, air cool. 1100 20.6 0.2 37.0 28. 22. (18.0) 20.0 2700
593 142.0 255.1 193. 152. (124.) 138.
94 u 19-9DL. 4 in. (102 mm) diameter. 1000 21.0 0.2 37.0 34. 32. (27. 5) 30.0 3050
Finish roll 1500 F( 815 C); 538 144.8 255.1 234. 221. (190.) 207.
1200 F(650 C), 4 h, air cool.
19-9 DL
a
1E
portional limit,
t temperature,
nsile strength,
5*
8 Chemical composition, % by wt. CO CM co"
MN/m2
MN/m2
a
>._ E c
deg F
degC
C
3 o m
ksi
ksi
w
vP
8
co 2 s ac o
6
s Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Nb Ti P S 1- l-

o a. o
o
UJ
95 U 0.32 1.09 0.62 19.27 9.17 1.37 1.36 0.42 0.40 0.027 0.010 Room 105. *39. 44. 52. Charpy V-notch impact 34 ft. lb. (46 Joules
Cu 724. 269.
0.24 1000 79. *26. 34. 45. H
538 545. 179. O
a
96 U 0.29 1.11 0.65 19.11 9.00 1.28 1.29 0.32 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 121. 72. 34. 51. Charpy V-notch impact 57 ft. lb. (177 Joule i) o
834. 496. n
Co Cu
0.32 0.16 1000 91. 58. 28. 45.
538 627. 400.
TO
CO
I
97 U 0.31 1.20 0.56 18.37 8.86 1.42 1.37 0.39 0.25 0.027 0.004 50
W
Cu C
0.012
98 U 0.31 1.20 0. 56 18.37 8.86 1.42 1.37 0.39 0.25 0.027 0.004 Room 120. 54. 31. 49.
827.4 372. O
Cu a
0.012 Room 119. 58. 32. 48.
820.5 400.
>
99 U 0.31 1.20 0.56 18.37 8.86 1.42 1.37 0.39 0.25 0.027 0.004
Cu
0.012
100 u 0.31 1.14 0.57 18.60 9.49 1.34 1.00 0.41 0.27 0.026 0.010 Room 128. 66. 25. 48. Rupture strengths Q, 2) at HOOF(593 c
Cu 882.5 455. 100 h 1000 h 10,000 h
0.012 24.
w
Room 134. *69. 45.
924. 476.
62. 55. ( 48.) 2
427.5 379. (331.)
g
101 Q Room 118.2 69. 55. 55. Rupture strengths, ^/m2: >
815. 476. f
10 h 100 h 1000 h 10,000 h O
1000 89. 42. 43. 52. TO
1000 F 73 64 56. 48.
538 613.6 290.
538C 503. 441. 386. 331.
1200 75. 37. 33. 34.
1200 F 50. 44. 37. 31.
649 517. 255.
649C 345. 303. 255. 214.
1500 32.5 29.5 30. 53.
816 224. 203.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial 6
form and size, history of material. Final
01 ksi re
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C O
deg F
>
degC
MN/m2
a
."2 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
O
s % ksi 1 10
s 100 1000 10,000 ksi h if,
m
Q MN/m2 h h h h b MN/m2 LU
95 u 19-9DL; 2.81 In. (71.4 mm) diameter. 1050 22.7 0.2 29.0 27. 25. (23.) 24.0 2000
2175 F( 1190C), 2 h, water quench; 566 156.5 200.0 186. 172. (159.) 165.5
1400 F( 760 C), 8 h, air cool.
96 u 19-9DL; 2.31 in. (58.7 mm) diameter 1000 20.0 0.2 37.0 31. 28. (25.) 27.0 2252
Hot-cold work to 1200 F( 650 C); 538 137.9 255.1 214 193. (172.) 186.
97 u 19-9DL; 2.00 in. (50.8 mm) diameter .1100 21.5 0.2 35.0 31. 24. (17.5) 20. 3650 >
Hot-cold work; 593 148.2 241.3 214. 165.5 (121.) 138. a
1200 F( 650C), 6 h, air cool. H
M
98 u 19-9DL; 2.00 in. (50.8 mm) diameter. 1100 20.5 0.2 37.0 28. 23. (18.5) 21. 2768 3
Hot-cold work; 593 141.3 255.1 193. 159. (127.5)145. i-t
1250 F( 675 C), 6 h, air cool.
o
GO
99 u 19-9DL; 2.00in.(50.8mm) diameter. 1100 21.0 0.2 37.0 30. 26. (22.3) 25. 2435 5?
Hot-cold work; 593 144.8 255.1 207. 179. (154.) 172.
1350F(730C), 6 h, air cool.
10( u 19-9DL; 2.31 in. (58.7 mm) diameter. 1100 21.3 0.2 40.0 33. 30. (24. 5) 28. 2751
Hot-cold work; 593 146.9 275.8 227.5 207. (169.) 193. M
1250 F( 675 C), air cool. W
03
101 Q 19-9DL. 1050 50.0 22.5 20.1 3000
Hot rolled; 566 344.7 155.1 138.6
Stress relieved.
1200 22.05 50.0 15.2 13.0 3000
649 152.0 344.7 104.8 89.6
1350 50.0 6.9 4.1 3000

732 344.7 47.6 28.3
1500 20.0 50.0 1.6 0.8 3000

816 137.9 344.7 11.0 5.5
7 to 20 % Mn
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

._ E
ri
5? o> O <*> *-^
E 2
oa
2 Mn Cr Ni Mo Nb
O
1021 13 0.18 17 to 12 to 0.5 o
S
to 20 14 to ii
0.33 0.8 r
>
3
103 79 0.37 7.1 1.25 14.6 6.3 0.6 1.7 0.03 0.011 o
W
M
ra
03

S)
104 13 0.34 7.5 0.3 11.5 7.0 1.1 1.3 0.25 0.035 0.030 M
to to to to to to to to max. max. f
0.40 9.5 0.8 13.5 9.0 1.4 1.6 0.45
>
>
o
a
ii
>1
t-1
r
o
Residual stress,
form and size, history of material, ksi
En MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
102 13 Soviet type 3Khl4G20F. 1022 29.0 21.0 2000 "Typical" properties.
Soviet alloy El 729. 550 200. 145.
2100 F( 1150C), quench;
Age 50 hat 1110 F( 600 C). 1022 21.8 16.0 2000
550 150. 110.
103 79 Soviet alloy El 388. 1112 21.34 18. 16.5 600 Gage section 4 in. (100 mm) long
2100F(1150C), water quench; 600 147.1 124. 114. x 0.3 in. (8 mm) diameter.
1290F(700C), 100 h. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot giving an average >
curve for five tests. a
CO
M
104 13 Soviet type 4Khl2N8G8MFB. 1112 26.1 *19.9 18.0 500 "Typical" properties.
Soviet alloy El 481. 600 180. 137. 124.
2100 F( 1150C), quench; O
1310F(710C), 5 h; 1112 17.4 *13.9 10.0 9.1 2000 CO
>
1-3
1580F(860C), 5 h. 600 120. 96. 69. 63.
1112 14.5 *10.6 9.3 8.6 2000 M

600 100. 73. 64. 59. </>
co
a
[See also Material No. 22 ] a
F
in
*200 h.
18/8 Type, Solution Annealed. Initial Stress 18.7 to 25.8 ksi (129 to 178 MN/m2)

20
18 20
19
19 19 20
16
19
19 19 W 2
220 20
a
o
19
18 O
" 20
20
20 20 19
20 ,9
19 >
25 1
JS 19 19
5
0
o O
*i
co
0
o
- H
PO
M
20
o
a
I
CO
CO
I
o O
o o o 50
W

0 D
f
o z >
0> 1
a
O
15 1 0

i
.
O D BO
3 D
TJ
D
a
o >
3
3
D
'in
0>
a
O W
10 at
8
D
zM
0 ii

Pd
2
a
o
5
a >1
t-
0
f
o 1 h o
J
CO
D o
= 100 h
a 1000 h
, ,
o
0 400 800C
n 1
400 800 1200 1600
Temperature,F
18/8 Type , Solution Annealed
20
20
20
16
18 20
19 M 20
20
, 20 20
19 20 19
19 2 18 - 18 20 20
18 20 20 ,9 ' 19 ]6 20
,8
202018 20 *
,8
.9 19 I8 20
19 , " ,82?9 18 20 >
18
1B 18 18 ,19
9
'* 19 a
W
40
M
752F noo-ni2F 3
400 C n
593-600't
>
E
200
Z M
en
en
0
M
0) S O M
f
"ft 20 /o 20 CO
o
"5
D
o
D
3
TJ
-o
100
vy a
a
aB
a
- 'M
O
/ '* a
/ n D
% i.
/ o 1 h

s > 100 h
/ * 1000 h
/ 1
o o
20 40 20 40
18/8 Type, Solution Annealed

O
o
20
20 '6
20 20
20 20 ' 20
1
20 II
20 1
20 20 , >
H
20 , 20 20 3
i
z:
1
20 ' .
1
20
o
*i
' 1 1 H
150
3)
H
en
20 20 t/s
i
33
M
1 Hour 100 Hours f
>
O
100 z
Residual stress, ksi
>

333
o I
M
10
o
O
o
1 3 Q
TJ
"35
50 o - O
H
0 33
II
i O
3
>
f
Strain,% r
8 o
o
o 0.2
0.4 to 0.5
i
500 700C 900 500 700 C 900
0 1 1 1 o 0 1 1 1 i 1
800 1200 1600 800 1200 1600
Temperature,F Temperature, F
Initial Stress, ksi
18/8 Type, Cold worked .55to60 100 Hours
o25 to 35
9
8 10 11 8 io i,
13 7 8 10 7
" 8 9 10 11
8 10 11
60
400 400
>
> a
50 CO
H
M
< O
--I300 *L
\ CO
._ 40 40 40 Z >
II
f
M
CO
a CO
30
0 in 3
200 200 200 M
o C o
o O M
3 , c> o c
3 C
' o
3 r
CO
"O TJ
'in
O
20 20 20
- -
10
260 C 316 X 371C

500 F 600 F 700 F
o 0 o 0
20 40 60 0 20 40 60 20 40 60
Cold work/%
18/8-Nb Type 0.2% Strain or(0.15%) Annealed bar
aLow-ferrite weld metal
* 11% ferrite weld metal
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below o

o
" 51 S,
d
S
50 H 49 ^f
ir
49 5
49 49 4,
>
S1
52 50 49 s, 48 tt
O
48 48 50 50
49 52 50 49 50 z
48
A*
48
48
48
"'
S0
48 50
48
o
48 49 48 50 *i
48 50 CO
D H
1 to
W
CO
25 I CO
I
( 1 Hour II 10 Hour s 100 Hours 1000 S3

M
f
Hours >
* 150 ( 150 150 -
an
20 20 o 20 D
20
( >> O
1i

*
5
( >> >
: 15
a
' k
oa
S3
a * * M
o
3
TJ
3
3 s
tt
55
a 10 10 10 10 D
M
a* i ! M

*
at a
-
O
- 50 50 50
>
O
r

3 r
o
(> i K|
CO
O
700C 900 700 800 700 800C 700 C

1 1 l
0 1 1 0 0 1
1200 1600 1200 1600 1200 1600 1200 1400
Temperature, F
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS 393
19-9 DL 0.173 to 0.20% Strain 1000 Hours
94 93
100
96 99
95 '7
98
101 90 '3 '01 90

92
91
101 90
101 90
40
oo
30 1 n
| , _ 200 E
H
Z
n
1
H
a> - 2
20 l

i
o
3 o
TJ 3
"3!
a
at o
H DC
10
CP -
600 700 C 800

ft 1 1 '
1000 1200 1400
Temperature/F
Hot roll + Stress relieve
H Hot-cold work + Stress relieve
Solution treat + Age.
High-Iron Superalloys
Five superalloy grades are covered:
Identification of alloy Material No.

Discaloy 1-3
U-212 bolt with A-286 nut 4
A-286 (AMS 5735) 5-32
W545 (ASTM A453, Grade 655) 33-40
German X5NiCrTi 26 15 (DIN 17007 : 1. 4980) 41-42
The largest mass of data is for A-286, mostly following an 1800 deg. F (980 C) solution treatment plus
aging at 1325 or 1350 deg. F. Data for Material No. 6 and 10 with 1650 deg. F (900C) solution treatment are
presented only in the tables.
Four tests [1000 F/70. 5 ksi; 1200 F/74. 7 ksi; 1350 F/ 54. 8 and 34. 4 ksi] reported by Data Source Q
(Material No. 13) appear to exactly duplicate results submitted by Data Source L ( Material No. 5 and 14),
suggesting that these may actually be for the same tests performed under a joint effort. The possible dupli-
cation has not been removed from the tabulation, but only one set of points is shown on the graphical pre-
sentation.
Coded symbols on plots ( pages 412 and 413) for 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1350 deg. F (538, 593, 649, and
732 deg C) show residual stresses at 10, 100, and 1000 hours of relaxation time versus the initial stress
level. Results for A-286 strip ( Materials 15-20) did not lend themselved to this graphical treatment.
At the 1100 and 1150 deg. F (593 and 621 deg. C) test temperatures and the rather low initial stress
levels of reported tests on W 545, little change in stress with time was observed. Typically, a small initial
stress decrease was followed by a later stress increase, giving a 1000-h stress higher than that at the start
of the test in several instances. Such negative relaxation presumably reflects a contraction associated with
continuing aging reactions during the test. One test after 20,000 h of service ( Material No. 40) displayed
the more-usual behavior of steady decline of stress with relaxation time.
For Discaloy, a plot of residual stress at 1000, 1200, and 1350 deg. F as a function of initial stress
(page 414) shows mostly results for 100-h relaxation time, plus isolated points for 10 h and 1000 h. One test
at 1130 deg. F ( Material No. 3) is not plotted.
The single set of 1600 deg. F data for U-212 bolts with A-286 nut is given only in tabular form.
Data for the German X5NiCrTi26 15 alloy were too sparse to be plotted. One 50-h test at 1022 deg. F
(550 deg. C ) showed "negative" relaxation.
395
Discaloy
U-212
Chemical composition, % by wt. W CM

>._ E
z
fc *
2 S
5 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb+Ta Ti Al O
O
1 L Hardness: BHN 290-297; RC 31-32. s
62
H
O
o
62
SO
M
CQ
W
I
50
f
>
H
it
o
>
M
Co
0.05 0.82 0.90 13.4 25.3 2.77 1.52 0.91 Room 141. 105. 20. 25. Hardness: BHN 248-255.
972. 724.
M
II
O
B >
0.087 0.05 0.038 16.10 25.24 0.0661 0.44 3.98 0.038 0.003 0.005 Room 213.6 145.
1473. 1000.
en
1200 167.1 148.4
649 1152. 1023.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
a> form and size, history of material. ksi re
GN/m2
106 psi
3 o
degF
degC
C
8 strain, stress, stress. time,
Heat treatment
re
re
CD
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h JS
s Q
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 tu
1 L Discaloy bar. 1000 49.4 45.8 44.6 41.7 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
62 1750 F (955 C ) to 1900 F (1040 C ) in lh 538 340.6 315.8 307.5 287.5 Automatic relaxation tester.
1250 F (675 C) to 1400 F (760 C) in 5 h;
1200 75.1 38.8 26.9
Cool to 1200 F (650 C ), hold 20 h;
649 517.8 267.5 185.5
Air cool.
1350 34.6 15.3 6.0 50
732 238.6 105.5 41.
2 62 Discaloy bar. 1000 73.6 71.5 67.2 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
1750F(955C)tol900F(1040C)in 1 h ; 538 507.4 493. 463. Automatic relaxation tester.
1250F(675C)tol400F(760C)in 5 h;
1000 50.0 49.1 49.1 50.8 500
Cool to 1200 F( 650C), hold 20 h; o
Ail cool.
538 344.7 338.5 338.5 350. a
1200 70.0 51.6 45.7 40.5 500 S
649 482.6 356. 315. 279. o
1200 45.1 40.6 37.5 31.6 500
a
CO
649 311.0 280. 258.5 218.

M
1350 55.1 33.0 22.4 20. 150
732 379.9 227.5 154.5 138.
1350 55.1 32.0 21.7 10.5 550 o
732 379.9 220.6 149.6 72. !
CO
1350 35.4 31.0 23.2 11.5 500

732 244.1 214. 160. 79.
3 U Discaloy. 1130 34.8 29.0 25.5 20.5 Strain corresponded to an initial

1-1/16 in. (27 mm) diameter. 610 239.9 200. 176. 141. stress of 45 ksi (310.3 MN/m* )
Solution treated; Aged. at room temperature.
1200 29.6 20.2 15.5 8.0
649 204.1 139. 107. 55.
4 X U-212 bolt, with A-286 nut; 1/4 in. - 1600 109. 34.9 34.8 50 Data are average results for 3
28 threads. Silver plated/AMS 2410. 871 751.5 240.6 239.4 tests.
Hot forge 12-point head; Bolt test in a cylinder.
1850 F( 1010C), 2 h, water quench;
1425 F( 775 C), 2 h, air cool;
1250 F(675 C), 16 h, aix cool;
Roll threads.
A-286
Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o CO

>._ E
,
i -* Z x Z
2 S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Ti Al
O
0.06 1.38 0.70 14.71 26.08 1.22 0.15 1.92 0.16 0.017 0.014 Hardness: RC 27. o
g
*d
rI
>
3
O
J
CO
0.01 0.05 0.11 15.05 25.1 1.27 0.47 1.99 0.1 0.006 0.005 1200 40. H
649 276. SJ
M
CO
CO
I
SJ
0.01 0.05 0.11 15.05 25.1 1.27 0.47 0.1 0.006 0.005 1200 55. M
649 379. f
>
ksi
0.02 1.21 0.89 14.78 26.32 1.28 0.33 1.99 0.21 Room 152. 86. 40. 26. Creep-rupture strengths;
1048 593. MN/m2
100 h 1000 h o
1200 106. 82. 14. 12.
649 730.8 565. 1000 F 89.
538 C 614.
1350 F 34. 21.3 >
0.025 1.21 0.86 15.12 26.16 1.32 0.33 1.94 0.40 0.016 0.017 Room 158. 96.
1089. 662.
25. 37. 732 C 234. 147. 350
P3
Room 154. 60. *80. 25. 30.
1062. 414. 552. I
2!
1200 110. 60. *71. 8. 10. M
649 758. 414. 489.5 M
W
10 0.037 1.30 0.86 14.57 25.51 1.39 0.30 1.83 0.31 0.016 0.035 Room 150. *75. 18. 25.
1034. 517. >1
r1
t-
11 Room 151. 93. o
1041. 641. ><
1200 107. 83.
649 738. 572.
1200 111. 87.
649 765.3 600.
,_
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. B
-
MN/m2
3
E $ S E z strain. stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
0)
a Heat treatment jB ^ "O .H a
stress,
to CO v>
to
(0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h to
S O UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
5 L A-286 1000 70.5 68.0 67.5 100 Automatic relaxation tester.

62 1800F(980C), lh, oil quench; 538 486.1 468.8 465.4 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
1325F(720C), 16h, air cool.
1350 54.8 29.2 16.3 6.8 1000
732 377.8 201. 112. 47.
1350 34.37 26.2 17.0 6.5 500
732 237.0 181. 117. 45.
6 S A-286 bar stock. 1200 22.5 0.281 60.0 55. 51. 42. 22. 22.1 1000 Manual unloading, with stress
1650 F( 900 C), lh, oil quench; 649 155.1 413.7 379. 352. 290. 152. 152.4 decrements of approx. 2 ksi
1350 F (730 C), age. (13.8 MN/m2).
o
ir
Manual unloading, with stress

a
7 S A-286 bar stock. 1200 22.5 0.403 80.0 64. 55. 46. 24. 22. 1100
1800 F( 980 C), lh, oil quench;
1350F(730C), 16 h.
649 155.1 551.6 441. 379. 317. 165.5 152. decrements of approx. 2 ksi
(13.8 MN/m2). g
1200 0.269 60.0 58. 54. 46.5 28. 26. 5 1300
649 413.7 400. 372. 321. 193. 183.
</>
a
8 u A-286 1200 22. 0.2 41.0 38. 32. (18.6) 26.0 2800 Robinson flow-rate test. a
1.38x2. 88in. (35x73 mm). 649 151.7 282.7 262. 221. (128.) 179.
tr1
1800F(980C), lh, oil quench;
1325 F( 720C), 16 h, air cool. O
9 u A-286 1200 23.1 0.2 42.0 38. 32. (18.6) 26.0 2820 Robinson flow-rate test.
0. 88 in. (22 mm) diameter. 649 159.3 289.6 262. 221. (128.) 179.
1800F(980C), 1 h, water quench;
1325 F( 720C), 16 h, air cool.
10 u A-286 1200 20.8 0.2 41.0 32. 23. (15.5) 19.0 3200 Robinson flow-rate test.
2.31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 649 143.4 282.7 221. 159. (107.) 131.
1650 F( 900 C), 2h, oil quench;
1400F(760C), air cool;
1325 F( 720 C), 6h, air cool.
45.0 Automatic relaxation tester.

11 V A-286; AMS 5735. 1200 70.0 67. 51.5 50
1800 F( 980C), solution treat; 649 482.6 462. 355. 310.
1325F(720C), 16 h.
A-286
O
CO
O
Chemical composition, % by wt. a; LL o fc .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
*._
8 o> * Z -*
CM
z
s fe * z
2 2
re
S O Mn Cr Ni Mo Al o
o
12 62 0.046 1.57 0.66 14.47 24.91 1.27 0.23 1.78 0.4 0.015 0.005 Room 149.8 100.5 25. 41. Hardness: BHN 250-270.
1033. 693. Grain size 6 (5).
>
13 Q 1000 131. 62. 87.5 18.5 31.2 Creep-rupture strengths, ksi 3
538 903. 427.5 603. MN/m2
100 h 1000 h o
1100 122. 64.5 90. 21. 23.
593 841. 445. 620.5 1000F 99. 88. CQ
538 C 683. 607.

1200 103.5 62.5 88. 13. 14.5
HOOF 81.5 71.5
a
649 713.6 431. 607. CO
593 C 562. 493. CO

I
1300 86.5 68.5 11. 9.6 S<
1200 F 61. 46. M
704 596.4 472. F
649 C 421. 317. >
1400 64. 44.5 18.5 23.4
760 441. 307. 1300 F 44.5 29.
704 C 307. 200.
s
1350 F 35. 21.
732 C 241. 145. o
>
1500F 13.8 7.7 >
816C 95. 53.
a
>
o
CO
temperature,
E form and size, history of material. 3 ~ o
3 0>
u O O..C
ksi ID
C
deg F
degC
3 E z strain. MN/m2 i Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S stress. stress, time.
Heat treatment
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tftm
5 Q 1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
12 62 A-286 bar. 1000 75.0 57.9 Automatic relaxation tester.

1800 F( 980 C), lh, oil quench; 538 517.1 399.
1325 F( 720 C), 16 h, air cool.
1000 50.0 45.3 45.4
538 344.7 312. 313.
1200 70.0 42.0 34.9 26.0
649 482.6 290. 241. 179.
1200 45.1 34.8 29.2
649 311.0 240. 201.
1350 55.1 23.8 10.8 3
o
732 379.9 114. 74.5 a
1350 35.1 18.0 9.8
732 242.0 124. 67.6 8
1350 35.1 21.4 10.3
732 242.0 147.5 71.
1350 35.1 21.0 9.1
732 242.0 145. 62.7
F
13 Q A-286 1000 70.5 68. 68. o
1800 F ( 980 C), lh, oil quench; 538 486.1 472. 472. w
1325 F( 720C), 16 h, air cool. 1000 23.5 50.0 45.
538 162.0 344.7 312.5
1100 75.2 72.6 66.5 59.2 43.
593 518.5 500.5 458.5 408. 296.5
1100 56.0 50. 49. 48.5 41.
593 386.1 345. 339. 334.4 283.
1100 22.9 43.0 43. 42. 42. 41.
593 157.9 296.5 296.5 289.5 289.5 283.
1200 74.7 54. 42.7
649 515.0 372. 294.5
1200 43.0 43. 43. 42. 36.
649 296.5 296.5 296.5 289.5 248
1200 42.0 41. 34. 23.
649 289.6 283. 234.5 158.5
(Concluded on next page)
A-286
a
nal limit,
0)
E 1 55
f. ."F
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. cu u- a
CO
Tl2
3 0)
3 O v* "**- g CO
8 CO * Z
s
2
cp 13 -D
CO
c oa ^ CO
oi
c
CO
2
CO
C Cr B S
CD o 0
a
0)
Q Mn Si Ni Mo V Ti Al 1- l- DC
UJ
o
o
13 Q sd
14 62 0.04 1.77 0.71 15.00 25.57 1.19 0.26 2.18 0.48 Hardness: RC 24. II
f
>
15 Q 0.041 1.19 0.76 15.04 25.62 1.07 0.30 2.12 0.18 0.004 Room 159.7 108. 19.
1101. 745.
800 139.0 100. 13.
o
427 958.4 689.5
Elastic modulus at room temperature: S)
16 Q 0.041 1.19 0.76 15.04 25.62 1.07 0.30 2.12 0.18 0.004 Room 205.1 192.3 7.5 M
1414. 1326. 29. 7 x 106 psi (204. 8 GN/m2 ). CO
CO
I
600 180.9 169.1 2.5
W
316 1247. 1166.
>
800 173.0 160.0 2.
427 1193. 1103.
1000 166.8 157.3 2.
o
538 1150. 1085,
17 Q 0.053 1.19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1.36 0.25 2.02 0.25 Room 160.5 83.1 109. 20. >
1107. 573. 752.
O
600 145.0 72.5 99.5 14.
316 999.7 500. 686.
800 144.4 73.8 100.7 13. 8
427 995.6 509. 694.
1000 134.1 70.8 97.6 13. a
538 924.6 488. 673.
S
>1
t-1
i-
O
CO
1E
Test temperature,
in
_D Residual stress, o
3 ._ M
3 0)
o form and size, history of material. o a. c ksi CO
C
>
deg F
degC
3 E z strain, MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
To
a Heat treatment u a stress,
* time,
V
s % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 h
s
V>
to CO CO m
Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h UJ
13 Q [Conclusion]. 1200 22.2 40.6 39.6 37. 34.4

649 153.1 279.9 273. 255. 237.
1350 54.8 29.2 16.3 6.8
732 377.8 201. 112. 47.
1350 21.1 34.4 26.2 17.
732 145.5 237.2 181. 117.
14 L A-286, forged. 1200 74.65 54.0 42.7 300 Automatic relaxation tester.
62 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 649 514.7 372. 294.
1800F(980C), lh, oil quench; a
a
1325 F (720C), 16 h, air cool. aI
15 Q A-286 strip.
1800 F( 980 C), 0. 5 h, air cool;
600
316
22.5
155.1
)-120
)-827. 1
*5.8 96
1325 F( 720C), 16 h, air cool. 800 )-120 5.9 96 CO
a
427 )-827.
w
1000 )-80 8.6 96 fa
538 )-551. i >
600 24. )-135 2.4 o

16 Q A-286 strip. 96 Hi
1800 F( 980 C), 0. 5h, air cool; 316 165.5 J-930. i CO
Cold roll 50%;

800 24. )-135 6.1 96
1200F(650C), 16h, air cool.
427 165.5 )-930. i
1000 21.5 )-135 23.3 96
538 148.2 )-930. i
17 Q A-286 strip. 600 27. )-120 5.8 96

1800 F( 980 C), 0. 5h, air cool; 316 186.2 )-827.
1325F(720C), 16h, air cool.
800 24. 1-120 5.9 96
427 165.5 )-827.
1000 22.5 )-80 8.6 96
538 155.1 )-551. i
Average percent relaxation.
A-286
a
1E 1
3?
5S
Chemical composition, % by wt. j ex CO
C u S u- O ^ E S ._ E >._ E
N
c*
CO
dj Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
3 cT S> > O o ^ o CO
!s E
-a 3 o -* Z
8 a, 13
^c
s "1
o s
CO *o
oa c
CD CO
a o a
c
CO CO 0)
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V Ti Al P S i-
Q
1- ct UJ
o
18 Q 0.053 1.19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1.36 0.25 2.02 0.25 Room 180.9 107.8 150.5 15. Elastic modulus at room temperature: o
1247. 743. 1038. 29. 2 x 106 psi (201.3 GN/m2 ). 13
t-c
600 160.5 103.3 139.6 9. f
316 1107. 712. 962.5
>
H
O
800 154.7 92.9 137.5 8.5 55
427 1067. 640.5 948. O
*l
1000 139.1 83.1 127.6 8. CO
538 959.1 573. 880. H

19 Q 0.053 1.19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1.36 0.25 2.02 0.25 Room 207.1 151.3 191.6 5.
1428. 1043. 1321.
600 180.6 123.2 172.0 2.5
316 1245. 849. 1186.
800 174.2 130.8 166.7 2.5
427 1201. 902. 1149. O
1000 167.3 118.6 161.7 2.
538 1153. 818. 1115.
>
20 Q 0.053 1.19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1.36 0.25 2.02 0.25 Room 185.7 133.4 148.8
1280. 920. 1026.
4.5
s
I
600 153.4 115.5 149.5 2.
316 1058. 796. 1031.
55
800 149.8 120.3 148. 2. H
427 1033. 829. 1020. M
2
1000 137.1 91.9 136.5 2.
538 945.3 634. 941. S
>
f
21 X f
o
22 X
.
E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, s
to
A
_3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final -
o
c o o. , >
3 o z strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a Heat treatment *&
2 TJ "O
stress. time. [5
%
0)
R)
(0 J
m ksi 5 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h iS
0)
5 Q 1- LLI MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
18 Q A-286 strip. 600 25.5 )-120 *4. 8 96

1800 F( 980 C), 0. 5h, air cool; 316 175.8 )-827. 1
Cold roll 10%;
800 26. )-120 *9.5 96
1250 F( 675 C), 16 h, air cool.
427 179.3 1-827. I
1000 24. )-80 "26.1 96
538 165.5 1-551. )
19 Q A-286 strip. 600 25.5 1-135 *2.4 96
1800 F( 980 C), 0. 5 h, air cool; 316 175.8 )-931
Cold roll 50%;
800 24. 1-135 *6.4 96
1200 F(650 C), 16 h, air cool. o
427 165.5 1-931
aI
4
1000 24.5 1-135 23.3 96 S
538 168.9 1-931 o
20 Q A-286 strip. 600 25.5 )-120 *4.0 96 c
2100F(1150C), 0. 5 h, air cool; 316 175.8 1-827 a
Cold roll 50%;
800 24.0 1-120 *4.7 96
1200 F( 650C), 16 h, air cool.
427 165.5 1-827
1000 24.0 1-80 '7.8 96
o
538 165.5 1-552
21 X AMS 5735; A-286 1200 70.0 58.5 52.4 46.8 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
5/16-24 bolt to MS9035 configuration . 649 482.6 403. 361. 323.
1800 F( 980C), solution treat;
1200 70.0 50.4 49.5 48.2 50
1325F(720C), 16 h.
649 482.6 347.5 341. 332.
22 X AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 57.7 55.1 48.2 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
Same heat as above; 5/16-24 bolt to 649 482.6 398. 380. 332.
NAS 625 configuration.
1200 70.0 55.0 54.5 52.2 50
1800 F(980C ), solution treat;
649 482.6 379. 376. 360.
1325F(720C), 16 h.
1200 70.0 56.0 55.1 50.0 50
649 482.6 386. 380. 345.
Average percent relaxation.
A-286
CM
Chemical composition, % by wt. </ - E
=; w
(A o o
ESI
2 s
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
o
23 s*a
ti
f
>
5?
o
24 CO
SO
M
ra
CO
I
S3
M
F
25 >
O
d
>
26 >-3
>
sw
27
g
M
S3
s>
28
O
CO
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. _3 Residual stress. o
3 0) form and size, history of material. ksi to
on. o o 8. E
3
E $$ E<o z MN/m2 > Relaxation-test procedure and comments
CD
S Heat treatment g *D "O u(3 strain.
stress. stress. time, '5
+J
% ksi 5 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:
CO CO a
Q
1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
Same heat as Material No. 21. 649 482.6 389.5 370. 304.
5/16 in. -24 studs.
1200 70.0 55.1 51.0 44.1 50
1800 F( 980C), solution treat;
649 482.6 380. 352. 304.
1325 F( 720 C), 16 h.
1200 70.0 54.3 50.8 45.6 50
649 482.6 374. 350. 314.
0.142 in. (3. 6 mm) diameter speci- 649 482.6 394. 353. 310.
mens machined from 5/16-24 studs.
1800 F( 980C), solution treat; X
o
t(
1325F(720C), 16 h.
aI
iI
25 X A-286 bolt to MS9034 configuration, 1200 49.6 18.7 17.1 Relaxation cylinder, 1. 625 in. (41.1 so
with A-286 nut. 649 342.0 129. 118. mm) long x 1. 062 in. (27 mm) O. D.
o
made of A-286 heat treated to the
a
CO
1200 31.7 20.7 18.2 same hardness as the bolt.

649 218.6 143. 125.5 a
26 X A-286. 950 0.3 87.0 81.8 66.2 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
5/16-24 bolt, full shank, per AMS 510 599.8 564. 456.5 Data have been scaled from a plot. o
7479. K!
950 0.3 87.0 78. 65.3 50
510 599.8 538. 450.
27 X A-286. 1200 70.0 58.3 48. 100 Automatic relaxation tester.

5/16 in. bolt, MS 9035-19 configur- 649 482.6 402. 331. Data have been scaled from a plot.
ation.
1200 65. 58.5 48. 100
MIL-B-7838 thread form per AMS
7478. 649 448.2 403. 331.
28 X A-286. 1200 70.0 49. 36. 100 Automatic relaxation tester.

5/16 in. bolt, AMS 7479, MS 9035- 649 482.6 338. 248. Data have been scaled from a plot.
19 configuration.
MIL-B-7838 thread form.
A-286
W545

t> - >._
^p <* ^
s 2 s
z
fc *
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
a
O
29
>
3
30
o
CO

M
CO
CO
31
O
2!
>
O
32

2
33 >
r1
t-
o
K!
CO
3E
temperature,
Ml*
Residual stress,
Initial Final u
3 form and size, history of material. = ._ IM
ksi
o a.fc
CD CO
C y
deg F
degC
?, z strain. MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
is a stress, stress. time.
3
Heat treatment
<o tx re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re

(O
: 1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
D
29 X A-286. 1200 70.0 55.8 52.9 100 Automatic relaxation tester.
5/16 in. bolt, MS 9035-19 configur- 649 482.6 385. 365. Data have been scaled from a plot.
ation.
HiR thread form, per AMS 7478. 1200 *70.0 45.5 34. 100
649 482.6 314. 234.
30 X A-286.
1/2 in. MS 9038-31 bolts.
55% thread form: 1200 69. 55.8 52. 60 Automatic relaxation tester.
649 475.8 385. 358.5 Data have been scaled from a plot.
65% thread form: 1200 69.0

a
55.3 45. 60 O
649 475.8 381. 310. a
i
9
HiR thread form: 1200 60.0 47.5 41. 60 o
649 413.7 327.5 283. 2
MIL-B thread form: 1200 60.0 46. 40. 60

649 413.7 317. 276.
31 X AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 46. 45.4 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
1/2-20 bolts, MS 9038-31 configur- 649 482.6 317. 313. Data have been scaled from a plot.
ation.
1200 70.0 42.8 50
9
Fabricated to AMS 7478. 42.2
649 482.6 295. 291.
32 X A-286. 1/2-20 studs.

P/8 thread form: 1200 70.0 57.8 52.3 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
649 482.6 398.5 360.5 Data have been scaled from a plot.
83-1/3% thread form: 1200 55.0 45. 40. 50

649 379.2 310. 276.
65% thread form: 1200 55.0 43.3 31.5 50

649 379.2 298.5 217.
33 Y ASTM A453, Grade 655; "W545" 1100 19.9 15.9 14.3 15.9 16.0 3769
2 in. (50mm) diameter. 593 137.2 109.6 98.6 109.6 110.3
Solution treat;
Multiple age.
Threads rolled before aging. *Threads rolled after aging.
W545
3E
Test temperature,
i
Tensile strength,
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5 Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
MN/m2
3 U
c ."E >._ E c
degF
V
degC
C
o g
ksi
3
ro * sz K * Z2
CO
vP **
Is SI
to
a. 2 )
CO
c 6
s cu
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Ti Co B P S o
Cv
o
Ul CC
o
Hardness: RC 33-35. o
34 Y 0.025 1.89 0.69 13.4 26.4 1.85 2.95 0.25 0.064 <0.04 <0. 03 Room 159. 100. 18. 31.
1096. 689.5 v
(t
1
t-
Cu Al Room 156. 100. 19. 22. >
0.06 0.08 1076. 689.5
s
35 Y Hardness: DPN 293 ( 30 kg).
o
TI
36 Y 0.023 0.48 0.29 13.6 25.7 1.82 2.99 0.030 <0. 03 <0.03 Room 183. 149. 17. 32. Ul
Cu Al 1262. 1027. to
M
<0.03 0.15 CO
CO

37 Y to
M
38 Y 0.032 1.93 0.78 13.5 26.5 2.08 3.11 0.15 0.052 <0.04 <0. 03
Cu H
ii
0.05 o
39 Y
Hardness: DPN 252 ( 30 kg). >
40 Y
41 29 0.07 1.31 1.12 14.65 25.70 1.30 1.60 0.089 0.020 0.013 Room 132.3 85.6 *29. 51. to
912. 590.
V Al
0.42 0.27 1022 98.6
550 680.
M
42 29 0.045 1.30 0.56 14.3 27.1 1.35 1.92 0.007 0.005 Room 143.3 98.2 *26. 50. B
988. 677.
V Al 8
0.37 0.16 1112 95.7 >
600 660. r
f
o
en
*%/5D.
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C U
o
deg F
degC
SI strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment
0) CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h K
s CO
Q
m
LU
34 Y W 545. 1100 35.6 34.9 34.0 34.0 34.2 34.1 1217

1. 25 in. (32 mm) diameter. 593 245.5 240.6 234.4 234.4 235.8 235.1
2000F(1095C), 3h, water quench;
Multiple age.
35 Y W 545. 1100 26.3 25.9 25.9 26.0 26.8 26.7 1059

2. 25 in. (57 mm) diameter. 593 181.3 178.6 178.6 179.3 184.8 184.1
2000F(1095C), 3h, water quench;
Multiple age.
36 Y W 545. 1100 19.7 19.4 19.4 19.8 19.9 19.7 1217

7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 593 135.8 133.8 133.8 136.5 137.2 135.8 o
2000 F( 1095 C), 3 h, water quench; aI
Multiple age.
SO
o
37 Y W 545. 1100 20.0 20.2 21.0 21.6 21.9 1129
1-5/8 in. (41 mm) diameter. 593 137.9 139.3 144.8 148.9 151.0 CO
C
2000 F( 1095C), 3h, water quench;
Multiple age. a
S2
38 Y W545. 1100 25.9 25.1 24.4 23.8 22.1 22.2 1080
2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm) diameter. 593 178.6 173.1 168.2 164.1 152.4 153.1
Solution treat; Multiple age. 8
39 Y W 545. 1150 34.8 34.9 34.7 35.2 35.6 35.6 1049
3-5/8 in. (92 mm) diameter bar. 621 239.9 240.6 239.2 242.7 245.4 245.4
Mid-radius location.
After 40 Y W 545. 1150 34.5 32.7 31.5 28.8 25.5 1054

service Super-pressure cylinder stud after 621 237.9 225.5 217. 198.5 176.
approximately 20,000 h service.
41 29 DIN 17006: X5NiCrTi 26 15. 1022 0.2 46.6 51.9 51.9 1900 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007: 1.4980 550 321. 358. 358. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
Solution treated + aged by manu-
facturer
42 29 DIN 17006: X5NiCrTi 26 15. 1112 0.2 44.1 37.3 1000 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007: 1.4980 600 304. 257. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1650 F( 900 C), 3h, water quench;
1425 F( 775 C ), 16 h, air cool.
A-286
(Al|:13)
o
o
>
H
1100F (593C) O
o
60 CO
400 i-3
3J
M
CO
CO
I
SJ
M
E tr1
>
Z
2
O
40
H
o >
o D
3
TJ
'M 200 200 Q
9
at
M
JO
20 It
>
t-1
o!
CO
300 S00 MN/m'

0_ I - 10
30 50 70
1313
13 7
30
27
11 5
7
8 9
13
32 7 i7 <p... ]l 12
13 32 30 S
7
,2 5
13 13 12
(Spts.)
7 27 12
S 9
31 14
29 12 5
12 31 14 12
25 13 25 12 12
25 25 28
12
* Bolts: Mat 1. 21-24, 28-32.
60 12
0
1
8 400 _
1200F (649C]1 / * 3 1350F (732C) /
I
o
P 3
*, 8

a

7
c
5 4 f/
J*/
i
ii
SJ
o
o 1 " oz
/* V
40
/ 40
E CO
o
Z
Si
f
AA c
200 o " 200
o A
3 A o "5
A
3
A TJ
9

o O
20 20
o
o

"
o 10 h
100 h
t
A A 1000 h
300 S00 MN/m' 300 soo

n 1 1 I o 0 1 1 1
30 50 70 30 50 70
Initial stress, Wsi Initial stress, ksi
Discaloy
Material numbers corresponding to points below z

2 2
3 2 2
2 2
i1 3
3
1,2 o
70 o
o s
0 2r
1000F(538CK 1200F (649C) 1350F (732C)
3
TO >
"u>
100 Hours tt) S
100 Hours / 100 Hours at
60
400 400
o
CO
>-3
50
7 3J
M
CO
CO
i
S)
M
r
7
3
o
40
1000 h
40 40
7 -
o
3
o >
30
v 200 200 O
"31 o s>
9
at
o
o
o
z
20 20 20 M
M
3
o *10 h
-
>
f
10 r
1000 h
o
!
CO
200 300 400 500 MN/ml

i 1 o 0 i 1 o 0 1
50 60 70 30' 40 50 60 70 80 30 40 50 60
Initial stress, ksi
Iron-Base Super alloys with Cobalt
Data for all of the following materials are presented only in tabular form:
Material No.
G18B 1
N-153 2
N-153 + B 3
N-155, Including modifications 4-15
415
G18B
N-153
N-155
e
sa CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. a, li. O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._ E
= ST
&?-* z
Mn Si Cr Mo w Co Nb
O
O
83 *[0. 04 0. 8 1.0 13. 13. 2. 2.5 10. 3.]
l-H
F
0.24 1.32 0.43 15.95 15.8 3.25 2.05 13.72 1.05 0.11 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate, JL, J >
1200 F 14.7 MJN/m
649C 101.
S
2!
O
1400 F 1.7
760C 11.7
16. 15. 13. 1. 0.10 0.012 137. 9a 116. 23. 46. 50
W *0.077 1.5 0.4 3. 2. 80 w
27 944.6 676. 800. CO
"P
1350 78. 60. 75. 25. 59. w
M
732 537.8 414. 517.
>
1500 60. 43. 55. 29. 67.
816 413.7 296.5 379. H
o
ii
W '0.087 1. 5 0.4 20. 20. 20. 0.12
>
0.06 20. 20. 3. 20. 0.15 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1500 F
O
(816C):4.0ksi (27.6 MN/m2). to
w
s
M
50
11
>1
t-1
ot-
CO
* Nominal composition. *C and B by analysis; others by addition.
_2 ReciHual <etrfH
j_
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. o

3re Initial Final
E V
O
o B..E ksi re
C ."<->
MN/m2 >
ESS E z
n Relaxation-test procedure and comments
is 8 Heat treatment g U -D o ? (3 strain.
re
ra % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h _re
s V)
0)
O 1- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
1 83 G18B 1112 0.3 43.2 39.8

Warm worked. 600 298. 274.5
2 G N-153 1200 19.5 0.173 14.78 (11.75 2000

1500F(815C), 0.5 h; 649 134.4 101.9 (81. )
2200 F( 1205C ), 0. 5 h, water quencl i;
1400 F( 760 C), 16 h. 1400 16.2 0.172 1.91 (0.685) 2000
760 111.7 13.2 ( 4.7)
3 W N-153 + B 13 50 17. 30.15 26.5 24. 18.5 10.5 ( 8.5) 2400 Strain corresponded to an initial
150 lb. (70 kg) induction heat; 732 117.2 207.9 183. 165.5 127.5 72. (59. ) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m? ) o
>
Cast into 4x4x18 in. (100x100x460 at room temperature.
1350 30.15 27. 23. 17.5 9.5 ( 7.6) 1040 M
mm) ingots; Forged to 2.75 in.
732 207.9 186. 158.5 121. 65.5 (52. )
(70 mm) squares between 2100 and
1900 F(1150 and 1040C); Cogged to 1500 16. 28.0 20.5 14. 7.0 5.0 ( 4.5) 3500 a
1.75 in. (45 mm) squares; Rolled to 816 110.3 193.0 141. 96.5 48. 34.5 (31. )
1 in. (25 mm) rounds.
2100F(1150C), 1 h, air cool;
Reheat to 1500F(815C); Roll to o
7/8 in. (22 mm) rounds, working in
the range from 1400 to 1200 F(760
to 650C ); Some straightening passes
taken as low as 900 F (480 C ); a
1500 F( 815 C), 2 h. o
o
M
4 W N-155 1350 17. 30.15 22.2 17.0 11.3 8.1 ( 6.0) Strain corresponded to an initial >
stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m* )
r
Melting and processing to 1-in. 732 117.2 207.9 153. 117. 78. 56. (41. ) i-3
round as for Material No. 3; at room temperature.
1350 30.15 23.1 16.7 10.5 7.2 ( 6.0)
2100F(1150C), lh. , air cool;
732 207.9 159. 115. 72. 50. (41. )
Reheat to 1500 F( 815 C); Roll to
7/8 in. (22 mm) rounds between 1500 28.0 14.8 8.1 5.0 ( 4.0)
1400 and 1200 F(760 and 650C); 816 193.0 102. 56. 34.5 (27. 5)
Some straightening passes taken as
low as 900F(480C).
5 c N-155 1500 16.2 0.173 14.94 ( 3.4) (2.32) 425

2250F(1230C), lh, air cool; 816 111.7 103.0 (23.4) (16.0)
1500F(815C), 25 h.
N-155
1E
Q
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
t/5
0) 5?
Chemical composition, % by wt. GO
MN/m2
CM
3 M CO
U
. E > E 0)
deg F
c
degC
C
g
ksi
3 CO
8 5-* z "o
CO 8 s o S CO
Ol
6
(0 o
C
a
CO
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Co Nb N B O 0C o
o
LU
6 F 0.11 1.33 0.47 20.16 18.86 3.20 0.79 22.44 1.19 0.16 Room 151.0 132. 23. 41. Hardness: VPN 366.
1041. 910. T>
F
Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 15001
>
7 C 0.15 1.46 0.42 20.84 20.58 3.18 2.56 20.48 1.06 H
(816C); 4.0 ksi (27.6 MN/m*). 3
8 J 0.15 1.54 0.50 21.42 19.69 3.16 2.15 20.44 0.86 0.05 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1200 F o
(649 C ): 5. 6 ksi (38. 6 MN/m2 ).
9 Q *[0.15 1.5 0.5 21. 20. 3. 2.5 20. 70 119. 58. 40. 48. Rupture and creep strengths at 1500 F (816 0 pa
1.] M
21 820.5 400. GO
100 h 1000 h 0.0001%/h. 0.00001%/h 
10 N 0.34 0.74 0.62 20.15 21.32 2.99 2.0 20.11 1.0 0.17 Room 121. 41. 46. Hardness: BHN 200.
834. Grain size 5 to 6. o
as
11 N 0.34 0.74 0.62 20.15 21.32 2.99 2.0 20.11 1.0 0.17 Room 121. 57.1 41. 45.9
834. 394. >
SI
12 W *0.085 1.5 0.4 20. 20. 3. 2. 20. 1. 0.12 0.013 80 150. 106. 125. 23. 39. M
27 1034. 731. 862. s
1350 85.2 69. 80. 26. 55.
732 587.5 476. 552.
1500 65. 44. 59. 27. 65.
a
816 448. 303. 407.
>
F
F
O
!
CO
* Nominal composition. *A11 but C and B by addition.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final ure
a> form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3
106psi
C u
deg F
degC
3
!2 8 Heat treatment strain, time, O
to
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
<o CO JO
Q
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 ID
6 F N-155 1100 24. 0.125 30.0 25.7' ^(25. 0) 264 5.2

7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 593 165.5 206.8 177 (172.)
Hot rolled.
7 C N-155 1500 15.3 0.173 15.04 ( 3.5) (2.45) 725

2250 F( 1230 C), lh, air cool; 816 105.5 103.7 (24.1) (16.9)
1350F(730C), 25 h.
8 J N-155 1200 19.0 1.24 35.0 5.6 [2.645) 1012

1-1/8 in. (28.6 mm) diameter. 649 131. 241.3 38.6 (18.25)
1200 F( 650 C), 2 h, air cool. CO
M
9 Q N-155 1500 20.8 15.0 3.4 ( 2.3)
Solution treated; Aged. 816 143.4 103.4 23.3 (16. )
w
10 N N-155 (High carbon). 1050 43.5 38.9 (37.9) 221
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 566 299.9 268. (261.) c
2250 F( 1230 C), 1/2 h, water quencl i; o
1350F(730C), 50 h.
11 N N-155 (High carbon) 1350 25.0 (13.5) 502 >-3

7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 732 172.4 (93.1) X
2260 F( 1240C), 1/2 h, oil quench. n
1500 18.5 16.0 ( 5.0) 428 o
816 127.5 110.3 (34. 5)
F
Above specimen, reloaded: 1500 16.0 ( 5.4) 116
816 110.3 (37. )
Above specimen, reloaded: 1500 16.0 (7.25) 260

816 110.3 (50. )
12 W N-155+ B 1350 17. 30.15 26.5 23.1 16.5 10.5 ( 9-0) Strain corresponded to an initial
Melting, processing, and heat 732 117.2 207.9 183. 159. 114. 72. (62. ) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m* )
treatment as for Material No. 3 at room temperature.
1350 30.15 26.8 23.4 18.1 (11.0)
732 207.9 185. 161. 125. (76. )
1500 16.5 28.0 20.5 14.0 9.6 8.5 ( 8.4)
816 113.8 193.0 141. 96.5 66. 59. (58. )
500 h.
Modified N-155
e
Chemical composition, % by wt. 2 u. o
S W M
SO ._vi
E >._ E
g -a -a a * z
oa ^ 2 s
Mn Cr Mo w Co Nb Ta
Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1500 F
o
0.25 1.5 0.5 20.0 20.0 3.0 2.2 21.0 2.0
(816C): 7.3 ksl (50.3 MN/m2 ). II
0.18 0.35 25.0 32.0 3.0 2.0 32.0 1.0 H

3
0.30 0.35 23.0 23.0 4.0 1.0 25.0 1.0 0.14 o
ca

ta
co
CO
i
SJ
M
C
>
H
3
z;
>
a
S
>
r
f
o
K!
CO
Residual stress,
O 0-.E
E z MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment o ? C3 stress, time,
ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
13 N-155+ 2%Ta 1500 20.3 13.55 4.7 3.9 ( 3.6) 1679
2260 F (1240 C ), 1/2 h, water quench 816 140.0 93.4 32.4 26.9 (24.8)
14 N-155 (Modified) 1500 15.0 7.5 ( 6.6) 225

1 in. (25 mm) square. 816 103.4 51.7 (45. 5)
2260 F( 1240 C), 1/2 h, water quench
15 N-155 (Modified) 1500 15.0 5.0 ( 4.8) 389 8

1 in. (25 mm) square. 816 103.4 34.5 (33. )
2260F(1240C), 1/2 h, water quench a
>
o
K!
en
i-3
a
o
o
ca
>
H
Cobalt-Base Superalloys
Five alloys are included:
Alloy Material No.

S-816 1-5
L-605 6-8
Cast X-40 9
Cast 422-19 10
6059 11-12
Results for S-816 alloy cover differing solution temperatures and aging practices, presence versus
absence of intermediate "hot-cold" working, and momentary prestraining at test temperature before the
start of the relaxation period. No satisfactory graphical presentation was found for the resulting complex
pattern of relaxation behavior.
Because data for the remaining materials were generally limited to a single test at each temperature,
little was seen to be gained by presenting them other than in tabular form.
423
S-816
S
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. "- O fc .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
._ E
<T H1 >
a. * Z
-i
* z
=5 S s
Mn Cr Mo w Co Nb Ta
K 0.38 1.22 0.49 20.04 19.43 3.98 3.93 43.32 2.89 0.85 3.44 1350 83.5 36. 47.5 39. 34. Grain size 6 to 9. o
o
113 732 575.7 248. 327.5 Rupture strengths at 1350 F (732 C ), ksi S
MN/fc
10 h 100 h >
50.0 38. H
345. 262. O
2!
O
*n
CO
-3
a
H
CO
CO
I
a
a
f
>
i-3
>
*]
O
33
M
0.38 1.22 0.49 20.04 19.43 3.98 3.93 43.32 2.89 0.85 3.44
o
>
r1
t-
o
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 _3
3 N
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
6
3 ao form and size, history of material. (0
ksi CO
C O Q-
E SS E* Z strain, stress, MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Is S Heat treatment Jg "o "S time, O
w re
CD
*; % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s D cu
1- UJ
(0
UJ
1 K S-816 1350 23. 0.9 53.5 16.5 9.4 4.6 ( 1-6) 230
113 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter annealed 732 159. 368.9 114. 65. 32. (11. )
bar.
1350 0.6 50.0 (23.9) 0.7
2150F(1175C), lh, water quench;
732 344. 7 (165.)
1400 F( 760 C), 12 h, air cool.
1350 0.2 40.0 24.6 13.7 8.3 (5.0) 550
732 275.8 170. 94.5 57. (34.5)
1350 0.2 40.0 26.0 13.6 6.5 260
732 275.8 179. 94. 45.
o
1350 35.0 24.5 12.8 5.3 ( 1.0) 235 o
732 241.3 169. 88. 36.5 ( 7. ) a
>1
1350 30.0 22.7 13.2 6.5 105
c-
H
732 206.8 156.5 91. 45. CO
1350 <t 4.0
41.5 17.0 10.4 7.0
>
732 M
286.1 117. 72. 48.
1350 4 2.65 30.7 16.5 11.4 7.0
732 211.7 114. 79. 48.
1350 * 9.2 37.5 24.6 18.5 13.8 170 f
732 258.6 170. 127.5 95.
O
1350 * 6.0 37.5 23.0 15.9 12.1 ( 9.2) 810 CO
732 258.6 159. 110. 83. (63. )
1350 4 3.15 37.5 21.3 13.2 8.5 ( 4.6) 700
732 258.6 147. 91. 59. (32. )
1350 4 1.35 37.5 22.1 13.4 9.3 330
732 258.6 152. 92. 64.
1350 37.5 24.3 12.4 6.7 ( 2.9) 780
732 258.6 167.5 85.5 46. (20. )
2 K S-816. 1500 19. 60.0 36.9 25.6 (14. ) 10

3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. annealed bar. 816 131. 413.7 254. 176.5 (96. 5)
2325 F( 1275 C), 1 h, water quench;
13. 5% reduction at 1200 F(650C );
1500 50.0 34.4 24.0 (13. ) 15
1400F(760C), 12h, air cool. 816 344.7 237. 165.5 (90. )
Prestrained at 1350 F( 732 C ) by momentary overload to the total strain indicated, then immediately
unloaded to the indicated initial stress.
S-816
L-605
X-40
a
1b n
3
-C
I
se
3 0)
Chemical composition, % by wt. a; u_ o *! .- E c ._ E
CO
3 q n
.2 8 E -S s> * Z
s -0 -a CO
c a. o c a
M
o o
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Co Nb B Fe 1- 1- DC
o
LU
3 N 0.37 0.50 0.16 20.06 20.09 3.74 4.2 42.6 3.42 3.72 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1500 F o
(816 C) : 7ksi (48. MN/m2).
>
4 C 0.36 0.72 0.19 18.4 20.23 3.72 4.23 45.63 3.04 3.48 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate, !^?* , 2
S
1350 F 1500 F 1500 F o
*i
732 C 816 C 816 C CO
H
12.3 4.8 6.1 JO
M
84.8 33. 42.
5 54 jo
M
Ti >
6 N 0.10 1.41 0.53 20.56 9.67 16.4 Bal. =0.01 <0. 01 1.17 Hardness: BHN 265.
Grain size 3 to 6.
3
7 F [19. 10. 15. 56.] Room 146. 55.2 68. 57. 50. Hardness: VPN 280.
1007. 381. 469.
8 X 0.09 1.29 0.47 20.27 9.89 14.71 Bal. 2.12 70 285.1 156.6 >
21 1966. 1080.
JO
1400 116.0 95.1
M
760 799.8 656.
9 C 0.48 0.64 0.72 25.12 9.69 7.23 55.23 0.55 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1400 F
(760C): 6. Oksi (41.4 MN/m2). H
JO
s
II
>
F
F
9
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material, ksi
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
CO
3 O
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
15
3
3 Heat treatment
<E n 10
% ksi 1 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
(0 co
O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JO
UJ
3 N S-816 1350 25.0 13.0 12.8 (12.3) 1510

23O0F(126OC), 1 h, water quench; 732 172.4 89.6 88.2 (84.8)
1500F(815C), 50 h.
1500 20.3 15.0 8.9 6.1 ( 5.0) 3285
816 140.0 103.4 61.4 42.1 (34.5)
4 c S-816 1350 21.2 0.173 20.94 (11.7) ( 8.9) 310

2300F(1260C), 1 h, water quench; 732 146.2 144.4 (80.7) (61.4)
1500 F( 815 C), 50 h.
1500 20.3 0.173 17.24 ( 5.7) ( 2.4) 365
816 140.0 118.9 (39.3) (16.6)
o
o
a
1500 20.7 0.173 15.03 ( 4.6) ( 2.0) 730 >
816 142.7 103.6 (31.7) (13.8) H
a
Torsion 5 54 S-816 wire. 1000 40.0 32.9 29.0 Torsion test. >
1400F(760C), 16 h. 538 275.8 227. 200. Data have been scaled fr am a plot. M
L-605, Hot rolled. 1050 70.0 42. 434 a

6 N ( 39.) v
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 566 482.6 290. (269.) w
2280F(1250C), water quench.
1200 45.0 19.4 (17.2) 283 F
649 310.3 134. (119.) r
o
1350 25.0 14. (12.5) 259
732 172.4 96.5 (86. )
7 F L-605, Hot rolled. 1100 25. 0.12 30.0 28. ( 28.) 672 6.1
1-1/16 in. (27 mm) diameter. 593 172. 206.8 193. (193.)
8 X L-605, Cold reduced 30%. 1400 80.3 32.5 23.7 13.9 50 Cylinder test.
Bolt, 1/4 in. -28 x 1. 562 in. (6.35 760 553.6 224. 163. 96.
mm dia. x 39. 7 mm).
2225F(1220C), l/2h, water quench ;
Cold extrude 30% (0.320 to 0.268 in. );
Forge 12-point head; Roll threads.
9 c X-40, cast. 1400 16.6 0.173 18.04 5.55 3.42

1350 F( 730C), 50 h. 760 114.5 124.4 38.3 23.6
422-19
6059
E
a
Chemical composition, % by wt. s u- U Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
= ST =>
S
eg 2 S
Q Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co
O
o
10 0.40 0.51 24.75 15.92 6.08 Bal. 0.65
(760C):7.0ksi (48 MN/m2).
11 N 0.18 1.0 0.40 25.0 32.0 6.5 32.0 Bal. S

O
"i
H
SO
12 0.16 0.94 0.42 24.19 32.37 6.39 31.29 Bal. Room 123.8 54.7 63. 61.6 M
853.6 377. j
oa
i
SO
M
>
>
M
SO
II
>
f
o
Residual stress,
g "O -o strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment
ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
10 422-19, cast. 1400 16.8 0 173 20.74 6.79 4.53

1350F(730C), 50 h. 760 115.8 143.0 46.8 31.2
11 6059 1500 15.0 4.0 3.9 (3.7) 964

1 In. (25 mm) diameter. 816 103.4 27.6 26.9 (25.5)
2260 F( 1240C), 1/2 h, water quencl
1500F(815C), 50h, air cool.
Above specimen, reloaded: 1500 15.0 4.8 4.6 ( 4.3) 2136

816 103.4 33.1 31.7 (29.6) O
O
a
12 6059 1500 15.0 8.4 ( 6.1) ( 6.1) 569 >
1-1/16 in. (27 mm) square. 816 103.4 58. f
(42. ) H
i
2260F(1240C), l/2h, water quencl W
>
CO
a
ti
w
w
> 1
IT
r
o
!
CO
Nickel-Base Superalloys
A variety of materials familiar in the United States, together with similar German DIN types and
Soviet types, are listed in alphanumeric order:
Material No. DIN Types Material No.
AF 1753 1 X8NiCrAlTi 7520: 2..4952 47-48
Alloy 718 2 NiCr 20 TiAl 49-51
D 979 3-5 X8NiCrMoTiAl 7020 52-53
Hastelloy C 6 X8NiFeCrl2Mo (Alloy 901) 54
Hastelloy N 7 XlONiCrMoTi 50 20 55
Hastelloy X 8
Inconel X 9-13
InconelX-550 14 Soviet types
Inconel 700 15 EI-437A 56-57
Incoloy 901 16, (54) EI-437B 58-62
M-252 17-18 EI-617 63-64
Multiphase Alloy MP 35 N 19 Khl5N65VMTYu : El--893 65-69
Nimonic 80A 20-27,(47-48) KhN67VMTYu : EP -202 70-71
Nimonic 90 28 KhN77TYu 72-77
Nimonic 105 29 70NKhBMYu 78
Refractaloy 26 30-35 60NKhBMVYu 79-80
Rene 41 36-41 70NKhBMVYu 81
Udimet 500 42-43
Udimet 630 44
Waspaloy 45-46
Plots of 100-h residual stresses for U. S. alloys tested at reasonably-comparative initial stresses
(P. 486 and 487) demonstrate that for most alloys in this group the particular composition had a smaller
effect than did the level of starting stress and, especially, the test temperature.
Soviet alloys similarly displayed but moderate scatter in a plot of the 1000-h residual stress versus
test temperature. (P. 488). Data for Materials No. 74 and 75 were omitted from this plot because the
solution temperature used was lower than is normal.
Data for individual alloys were too sparse to justify separate graphical treatment except in four
instances.
Tests at four different temperatures for Alloy 718 ( Matl. No. 2) all at 60 ksi initial stress, and for
Hastelloy X ( Matl. No. 8) all at about 30 ksi initial stress lend themselves to plots of residual stress
versus test temperature. ( P. 489).
431
NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS 433
Data for Inconel X-550 (Matl. No. 14) were included with Inconel X on plots of residual stress versus
initial stress (P. 490). The pattern of results differs from common trends displayed by many materials, for
which the residual stress for a given relaxation time and temperature steadily rises with increasing initial
stress, and residual stresses after the same relaxation time from a given initial stress become steadily
lower for increasing test temperature.
Here, the 1000-h residual stress at 1050 deg. F appears to fall significantly below that at 1200 deg. F.
Even for the same lot of material, the 10-h residual stress at 1350 deg. F rises with initial stress only for
tests started at 60 ksi or lower stress. At longer times, a leveling-off or a drop in residual stress occurs
for increasing level of initial stress.
Material numbers 9 and 10 both showed an actual increase in stress during the first ten hours. For all
lots, the rate of relaxation at 1350 deg. F (732 deg. C ) accelerated considerably after 100 hours.
Material No. 47 and 48, Nimonic 80A, exhibited similar negative relaxation at 752 to 1022 deg. F (400
to 550 deg. C); but behavior of this alloy at higher temperatures followed the usual pattern. Residual stresses
at 100; 1000; and 10,000 hours are shown on P. 491 as a function of temperature, for tests at a strain level
of either 0.15 or 0.2%.
Examples of negative relaxation for other alloys are found in tabulations for Matl. No. 52, 53, 55 and
58.
Attention is called to features of some of the tests not shown in graphical form:
Tests of 96 h duration at 600, 800, and 1000 deg. F of D-979 strip ( Matl. No. 3-5) investigated the
effect of 0, 10%, and 50% cold rolling between the solution and aging treatments.
The influence on stress relaxation at 1350 and 1500 deg. F from momentary prior prestrain at test
temperature was studied for Waspaloy, Matl. No. 41.
Data for El-617 ( Matl. No. 64) cover effects of superimposed vibration.
Relaxation under bending ( using the Oding ring specimen) is compared to relaxation in tension speci-
mens for two Soviet alloys ( Matl. No. 69 and 72).
Other Soviet tests ( Matl. No. 56,64,67, and 70) featured repeated cycles of relaxation.
AF 1753
Alloy 718
D-979
Q
1E
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
5?
3 0)
u Chemical composition, % by wt. CO CO*
MN/m2
MN/m2
>.. E c 01
deg F
C
degC
3 o
a
ksi
g-Sz
CO
ksi
E *-o
CO 3 3.
c
o
o
s CO O)
CO
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Ti Al Fe B DC
UJ
o
1 X 0.21 0.02 0.03 16.64 Bal. 1.62 8.53 2.96 1.96 8.60 0.007 70 187.3 144.4 Tensile data, average of 3 tests. o
21 1291. 995.6
Co P S Zr rI
7.46 0.002 0.005 0.049 1600 95.6 76.3

871 659.1 526.
s
2 Q *[0.04 0.01 0.09 19. 54. 3. 1.0 0.65 Bal. o
*i
Nb+Ta
5.25 H
SO
M
3 0.068 0.28 0.35 15.04 45.56 4.22 3.93 2.83 1.04 26.33 0.012 Room 160. 69.0 92.6 30. on
Q M
1103. 476. 638.5 I
SO
M
600 140.7 67.4 89.2 29.5
316 970. 465. 615. >
800 148.2 73.9 97.4 21.
427 1022. 509.5 671.5 o
2!
1000 141.3 76.0 96.0 16.5
538 974. 524. 662.
>
4 Q 0.068 0.28 0.35 15.04 45.56 4.22 3.93 2.83 1.04 26.33 0.012 Room 183.5 110. 147.8 21.
1265. 758. 1019. 3so
600 166.7 110. 141.8 17. M
316 1149. 696. 978.
800 164.3 112. 146.4 17.
M
427 1133. 772. 1009. SO
s>
tI
1000 158.5 104.6 141.6 13.
538 1093. 721. 976.
t-1
5 0.068 0.28 0.35 15.04 45.56 4.22 3.93 2.83 1.04 26.33 0.012 Room 235.6 177.7 202.3 r
Q 2.5 o
1624. 1225. 1519. Kl
600 218.2 171. 208. 2.

316 1504. 1179. 1434.
800 209.7 163.3 203.5 2.
427 1446. 1126. 1403.
1000 203.7 157. 190.4 -+r5-
Nominal composition. 538 1404. 1082. 1354.
Residual stress. o
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 2 _3
Initial Final
E
3 0)
u
form and size, history of material. n 3 (M
8."- <-> E z
O O..C
ksi *-
J

C
!J5 a Heat treatment ^J "o strain. stress. stress. time.
co
CD
Ut % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tft
S Q r- LU MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
1 X AF 1753 bolts, 1/4 In. -20 threads, 1600 73.5 41.0 21.5 Cylinder test of a bolt.
2. 25 in. (57 mm) long. 871 506.8 283. 148.
Hot forge 12-point head;
1900F(1040C), 2h, water quench; 1600 73.5 27.1 22.6 18.1 50
871 506.8 187. 156. 125.
Roll threads;
1400 F( 760C), 16h, aircool. 1600 73.5 48.6 20.9 12.5 50
871 506.8 335. 144. 86.
2 Q Alloy 718. 1000 25.5 60.0 60. 60. 60. 62. 58.
1325 F( 720 C), 16 h, aircool.
538 176. 413.7 414. 414. 414. 427.5 400. 3o
1100 60.0 60. 60. 59.6 58.2 51.5
M
593 413.7 414. 414. 411. 401. 355. P
1200
649
24.5
169.
60.0 59.
413.7 407.
58.
400.
56.9 54.4 39.
392. 375. 269.
i
M
1300 60.0 57.6 54.2 46.8 28.8
a
CQ
704 413.7 397. 374. 323. 198.5

M
3 Q D-979 strip and flat.
2050F(1120C), 15min. ,air cool;
600
316
26.
179.
120.
827.4
114.2
787.4
96 IP
1400 F( 760C), 16 h, air cool. P
800 26. 120. 116.9 96 O
!
427 179. 827.4 806.0
1000 24.5 80. 75.6 96
538 169. 551.6 521.2
4 Q D-979 strip and flat. 600 29.5 120. 117.0 96

2050 F( 1200 C), 15min. , air cool; 316 203. 827.4 806.7
Cold roll 10%;
1300F(705C), 16h, aircool. 800 25. 120. 117. 5 96
427 172. 827.4 810.1
1000 21.5 80. 71.8 96
538 148. 551.6 495.0
5 Q D979 strip and flat. 600 30. 120. 116.5 96

2050F(1120C), 15min. ,air cool; 316 207. 827.4 803.2
Cold roll 50%;
800 28. 120. 114.1 96
1300 F( 705 C), 16 h, air cool.
427 193. 827.4 786.7
1000 28. 80. 70.8 96

538 193. 551.6 488.2
Hastelloy C, N, and X
g
CO

Chemical composition, % by wt. S u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
S ._ E >._ E
E J z
. * Z
O w
s o * a o
Mn Cr Ni Mo w Ti Fe
V
IT
O
O
N 0.05 0.45 1.04 13.99 Bal. 15.37 4.88 5.86 Hardness: BHN 207.
Grain size 3.
>
S
O
[7.0 Bal. 16.5 3. 8-]

M
CO
CO
I
W
M
f
>
o
2!
AA "Grain size 0. 00005 >

3
w
w
g
a
2
g
>1
t-
f
o
K!
CO
*Nominal composition.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
S3 irt
_3
Initial
Residual stress
Final
w
2
0) form and size, history of material. ksi re
C u Si."-" oE<Q-^
z MN/m2 .2-
3
stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
]5
Heat treatment o?0 strain. stress, u
5 mV)
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h J2
s o
CO CO <A
01
1- m MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ui
6 N Hastelloy C 1050 60.0 51.8 ( 50.0 ) 155

7/8 In. (22 mm) diameter, hot-rolled 566 413.7 357. (345.)
bar.
1200 45.0 19.5 17.1) 115
Annealed.
649 310.3 134.5 118. )
1350 25.0 14.5 14.0) 190
732 172.4 100. 96.5)
7 22 Hastelloy N (Fuel cladding material 1200 0.1 *23.1 23.0 22.2 17.6 5.8
INOR-8) 649 159.3 158.6 153.1 121.4 40.
1300 0.1 *22.5 20.8 15.7 5.5 n
704 155.1 143.4 108. 38. M
i
1400 0.1 *21.6 14.5 6.7 3.5 w
760 148.9 100. 46. 24. >
M
1500 0.1 *19.0 7.1 2.75 2.0
w
816 131. 49. 19. 14. a
1600 0.1 *15.0 4.5 a
871 103.4 31. >
r
Servo-controlled electro-hydraulic f
8 AA Hastelloy X. 1100 0.25 30.3 27.5 26.2 24.0 50 o
Plate 1/2 in. (12. 7 mm) thick. 593 209. 190. 181. 165. tester.
03
Solution annealed. Extensometer was attached to the
1200 0.26 30.0 25.4 22.6 15.2 13.6 140 shoulders of the specimen.
649 207. 175. 155. 105. 93.8 Gage section 0. 25 in(6.3 mm) dia.
1300 0.22 30.0 21.8 14.2 5.2 100 x 2-1/4 in. (57 mm) long.
704 207. 150. 97.9 35.8
1400 0.22 30.2 12.0 7.0 1.6 1.5 115
760 208. 82.7 48.3 11.0 10.3
1500 0.34 30.0 6.5 2.9 0.9 40
816 207. 44.8 20.0 6.2
*Stress at 0. 01 h.
Inconel X
e
E
B
e
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. b - E c ._ E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
O "> '
a a v -a a. * Z
o
* z
* 2 2
CO
CO
Q Mn Si Cr Ni Cu Nb+Ta Ti Al Fe
O
0.04 0.8 0.34 15.15 72.57 0.04 0.84 2.73 0.81 6.63 0.007 1350 57.5 O
732 396.5
S
O
*i
en
H
10 0.04 0.8 0.34 15.15 72.57 0.04 0.84 2.73 0.81 6.63 0.007 1350 57.5 SO
732 1396.5 M
CO
GO
I

>
11 N Room 164. 102. 28. 28. Hardness: BHN 285. O

1131. 703. Grain size 1. as
>
so
a
12
(649C):42ksi (290 MN/m2).
w
M
a
S
13 54 >
t-1
o
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
0) form and size, history of material. ksi to
GN/m2
3 u
106 psi
C
deg F
degC
!s aeg Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, o
eg (0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h v>
2
(O
Q
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
9 S Inconel X bar stock. 1350 23. 70.0 58. 50. 39.5 16. 14.2 1170
2100F(1150C), 2h, air cool; 732 158.6 482.6 400. 345. 272. 110. 98.
1550F(845C), 24 h;
1300F(705C), 20 h.
1350 60.0 55. 50. 40.5 18. 13.7 1300
732 413.7 379. 345. 279. 124. 94.5
1350 45.0 44. 42. 38. 21. 19.3 1120
732 310.3 303. 290. 262. 145. 133.
1350 35.0 39. 38. 34. 23. 20.4 1250
732 241.3 269. 262. 234. 159. 141.
o
10 S Inconel X bar stock. 1350 23. 0.317 70.0 53. 48. 39. 16. 13.9 1210 ;*!
M
2100F(1150C), 2h, air cool; 732 158.6 482.6 365. 331. 269. 110. 96.
1550 F( 845 C), 24 h;
1350 0.263 60.0 53. 47.5 40. 17.5 1000 a
1350F(730C), 24h. >
732 413.7 365. 327.5 276. 121. co
M
1350 0.195 45.0 44.5 41. 35. 21. 17.2 1470
a
CO
732 310.3 307. 283. 241. 145. 119. id
a
1350 0.174 40.0 38. 34. 20. 20.2 980
732 275.8 262. 234. 138. 139.
1350 0.152 35.0 36.5 34. 23. 23.5 940 o
241.3 252. 234. 159.
><
732 162. CO
11 N Inconel X. 1050 80.0 47.8 (41.8) 162

1 in. (25 mm) diameter, hot-rolled 566 551.6 330. (288.)
bar.
1200 45.0 31.5 (30.0) 168
2100F(1150C), 4h, air cool;
649 310.3 217. (207.)
1650 F( 900 C), 24 h, air cool;
1300F(705C), 20 h. 1350 30.0 24.4 (23.0) 287
732 206.8 168. (159.)
12 J Inconel X, Hot rolled; 1200 22.6 0.371 77.0 49.0 (37.4) 1649
2100F(1150C), 24h, air cool; 732 155.8 530.9 338. (258.)
1300 F( 705 C), 16 h.
13 54 Inconel X wire. 1000 40.0 34.8 31.4 Torsion test.

No. 1 temper; 538 275.8 240. 216.5 Data have been scaled from a plot
Aged 16 h at 1350 F( 730C). of percent loss of load vs. time.
Inconel X-550
Inconel 700
Incoloy 901
S
3 fe
S < ~
li-
a
I
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Al Fe O
O
14 K 0.05 0.73 0.28 14.92 Bal. 2.5 1.16 6.59 0.007 1350 104. 72. 89.5 Rupture strength at 1350 F (732 C):
732 717. 496. 617. is
Cu Nb+Ta 10 h 100 h 1000 h
0.03 1.03
67ksi 53. 37.5
462 MN/m2 365. 258.5 8
o
15 0.12 0.07 0.24 15.7 46.25 3.08 28.69 2.02 3.13 0.65 0.007 1400 65.5 *i
760 452. CO
H
50
H
CO
GO
I
w
M
f
>
16 23 0.05 0.48 0.22 12.77 43.15 5.68 2.43 0.15 35.02 0.007 Room 168. 107.5 22. 31.5 Stress-rupture test, 80 ksi (551. 6 MN/nl )
2
3
1158 741. at 1200 F (649 C ): 99. 9 h; 23% Elongation;
Cu 25. 5% Reduction of area.
0.02
>
350
W
3
S
>
r
GO
Residual stress,
3 ._ N
o o. .fc
E z strain, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
0> as stress, time,
Heat treatment
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
14 Inconel X-550. 1350 23. 80.0 56.5 48.3 38.3 (15.0) 860
13/16 in. (20. 6 mm) diameter bar, 732 158.6 551.6 389.5 333. 264. (103.)
Hot rolled.
1350 70.0 59.3 49.5 39.2 (17.0) 770
1600 F( 870 C), 4h, air cool; 732 482.6 409. 341. 270. (117.)
1350F(730C), 4h, air cool. 1350 70.0 61.0 50.6 39.2 230
732 482.6 420.5 349. 270.
1350 60.0 54.3 48.5 39.3 (18. 0) 860
732 413.7 374. 334. 271. (124.)
1350 50.0 48.6 45.9 40.5 (23.7) 910 o
732 344.7 335. 316.5 279. (163. a
1350
732
40.0
275.8
38.0 35.0 (30. 5)
262. 241. (210.)
200
i
CO
M
Prestrained to 1.2% plastic strain 1350 50.0 46.5 44.4 41.1 (18. 0) 750
by momentary loading to 89,800 psi: 732 344.7 321. 306. 283. (124.) CO
d
15 Inconel 700. 1400 24.8 0.335 80.0 60. 49. 38.5 26. 22. 2600 a
11/16 in. (17. 5 mm) diameter bar. 760 171. 551.6 414. 338. 265.5 179. 152.
2160 F( 1180 C), 2h, air cool; F
27.4 1800 F
1600F(870C), 4 h. 1400 60.0 58. 48.5 40. 30. O
760 413.7 400. 334. 276. 207. 189. !
CO
1400 45.0 45. 42.5 37.5 28. 26.5 1400

760 310.3 310. 293. 258.5 193. 183.
16 23 Incoloy 901. 1200 70.0 39.6 31.8 27.0 500

2050F(1120C), 2h, water quench; 649 482.6 273. 219. 186.
1375 F( 745 C), 24 h, air cool.
1350 70.0 30.5 18.6 11.8 500
732 482.6 210. 128. 81.4
1350 55.0 33.8 21.0 13.8 500
732 379.2 233. 145. 95.
1350 55.0 33.2 20.2 13.4 500
732 379.2 229. 139. 92.
1350 35.0 28.7 20.7 14.2 500
732 241.3 198. 143. 98.
T5D0- 3572" T370" ""577" 1.8 "50TT

816 304.8 90. 39. 12.4
1500 35.0 14.0 5.1 2.5 250
816 241.3 96.5 35. 17.2
M-252
MP35N
Nimonic 80A
S
s
ss
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. u b .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
? 2"
E J|
IA t -.
* Z * z
=5 S s S
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al B
O
'[0.15 0.50 0.30 19. 55. 10. 10. 2.5 1.0 2-] 0. 005] Room 178. 128. 21. Creep- rupture strengths, *T/ , : O
Q MN/m'
1227. 882.5
100 h 1000 h 10,000 h
1200 165. 111. 18. F
649 1138. 765. 1200 F 93. 80. 72. >
649 C 641. 552. 496. 3
1300 145. 107. 17.
704 1000. 738. 1300 F 75. 54. 49.
O
704 C 517. 372. 338. *i
1400 120. 97. 18.
760 827. 669. 1400 F 53. 35. 27. 23
760 C 365. 241. 186. so
M
CO
CO
i
18
M
F
>
19 '[20. 35. 10. 35.] Room 198.
1365. O
>
20 19 0.08 19.45 Bal. 0.25 2.45 1.40 0.002
Zr
0.050
a
l-H
>
F
F
o
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
3 CO
106 psi
C O H-
degF
degC
is
3
strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress, time, 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment ,o
to
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h n
S
CO
Q
MIN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
17 Q M-252 1000 70.0 68. 67. 66.

1950 F( 1065C), 4h, air cool; 538 482.6 469. 462. 455.
1400 F( 760C), 16 h, air cool. 1000 52. 50. 50. 50.
538 358.5 345. 345. 345.
1200 24.4 65. 63. 60. 59.
649 168. 448.2 434. 414. 407.
1200 50. 49. 47. 46.
649 344.7 338. 324. 317.
1350 60. 55. 55. 50. 45. n
732 413.7 379. 345. 310. M
F
1350 47. 45. 43. 41.
732 324.0 310. 296.5 283.
CO
M
18 X M-252 bolts, with 1/4 in. -28 thread.
Automatic relaxation tester.
CO
Nut solution treated + aged: 1200 70. 36.2 26.1 50 a
649 482.6 250. 180. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
Nut aged only: 1200 70. 51.5 18.3 50 c-1
649 482.6 355. 126. t*
o
19 X "Multiphase" alloy, MP35N. 700 i
132. t
113.1 150 Bolt In an MP35N alloy block. CO
1/4 in. -28 bolt, 1. 23 in. (31. 2 mm) 371 910. 780. Residual stress is the average for
long. Nut of the same alloy. five bolts tested.
20 19 Nimonic 80A 1202 0.15 39.5 30.4 24.2 17.8 14.2 21,167 Relaxation strengths have been
3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 650 272.3 210. 167. 123. 97.9 determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled; times to reach stated residual
1202 0.15 36.8 29.3 25.4 525
1975 F( 1080C), 8h, air cool; stresses.
650 253.7 202. 175.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1292 0.15 37.1 33.1 28.5 22.1 15.7 2900
700 255.8 228. 196.5 152. 108.
1292 0.15 36.3 30.4 25.5 20.5 714
700 250.3 210. 176. 141.
1382 0.15 31.45 24.6 17.0 5.3 794
750 216.8 170. 117. 36.5
1499 0.15 29.6 18.1 9.8 5.7 290
'Initial and residual stress were 815 204.1 125. 68. 39.3
measured at room temperature.
Nimonic 80 A
a
e
a
E
f 3?
g -a -a %
to ~ *
a ri
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr
O
21 19 0.07 19.50 Bal. 0.88 2.41 1.46 0.055 0.003 o
-t
s
o
3)
M
EgI

22 19 0.06 19.55 Bal. 0.79 2.42 1.31 0.065 0.002
>
>-3
sS5
i-3
>
M
23 19 0.07 19.75 Bal. 0.67 2.30 1.31 0.065 0.002 W
>
tr1
F
O
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C O
deg F
degC
8
Heat treatment u
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
CO
n
s CO
21 19 Nimonic 80 A 1022 0.38 89.6 81.2 78.8 72.4 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 550 617.8 560. 543. 499. determined by plotting reported
1067 0.15 35.9 34.0 30.9 28.7 24.6 17,600
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; stresses.
575 247.5 234. 213. 198. 170.
1290 F( 700C), 16 h, air cool.
1112 0.313 71.7 67.7 63.0 54.5
600 494.4 467. 434. 376.
1112 0.15 33.3 30.7 29.6 23.0 20.2 26,400
600 229.6 212. 204. 159. 139.
1157 0.15 33.1 30.7 28.0 24.2 18.6 15.7 27,200 o
625 228.2 212. 193. 167. 128. 108. a
71.8 49.9 39.7
ri
1202 0.30
495.0 344. 274. a
650 >
CO
1202 0.276 62.7 53.2 45.4 35.5 M
650 432.3 367. 313. 245.
a
CO
1202 0.15 35.3 32.1 28.8 26.1 16.5 9.5 19,700 M

650 243.4 221. 199. 180. 114. 65.5
1202 0.15 38.2 29.0 25.2 16.0 11.2 21,600 p
p
650 263.4 200. 174. 110. 77.2 O
"4
1292 0.30 72.2 42.0 24.6
700 497.8 290. 170.
1382 0.15 34.0 26.3 20.2 11.5 7.1 4,679
750 234.2 181. 139. 79.3 49.
22 19 Nimonic 80 A 1202 0.15 39.0 28.5 22.8 6,737 Relaxation strengths have been
3. 25 in. (82. 5 mm) diameter. 650 268.9 196.5 157. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled. times to reach stated residual
1382 0.15 33.6 31.3 27.6 21.6 10.6 8.0 2,011 stresses.
1975 F( 1080 C), 8h, air cool;
750 231.7 216. 190. 149. 73. 55.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1382 0.15 35.75 30.4 22.0 11.8 9.0 2,000
750 246.5 210. 152. 81. 62.
0.28 53.8 Relaxation strengths have been

23 19 Nimonic 80 A 1202 67.2
371. determined by plotting reported
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 650 463.3
1975 F( 1080C), 8h, air cool; stresses.
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool
Nimonic 80 A
e a
E
t 3?
Chemical composition, % by wt. | u. o b ._ E S ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
n
M V*
E <E -* Z O *n --.
g S -a
^c s
a
Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr I-
O
O
19 0.06 19.35 Bal. 0.65 2.34 1.39 0.060 0.002
1
>
8
2!
o
25 19 0.06 19.40 Bal. 1.38 2.43 1.29 0.075 0.004 a
26 19 0.06 19.40 Bal. 1.38 2.43 1.29 0.075 0.004

>
s
1-4
w
2
27 19 0.07 19.40 Bal. 0.66 2.27 1.45 0.040 0.006 S
>
tr"
O
K!
CO
3E
temperature,
in Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 o
Initial Final u
3 form and size, history of material. S ksi
u 1 & E
CO CO
C
deg F
degC
MN/m2
s
3
(0
Heat treatment
E z
strain. stress. stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
CO
V
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h K
Q
r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
24 19 Nimonic 80 A 1112 0.15 37.9 33.4 30.2 24.9 22.8 12,000 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 600 261.3 230. 208. 172. 157. determined by plotting reported
1975 F (1080 C), 8h, air cool;
1202 0.15 38.4 31.7 28.0 19.9 19.1 10,218 stresses.
1290 F( 700C), 16 h, air cool.
650 264.8 218.5 193. 137. 132.
1292 0.15 34.4 30.9 26.4 23.3 17.3 4,000
700 237.2 213. 182. 161. 119.
1382 0.15 34.95 30.2 26.9 17.5 13.4 1,965
750 241.0 208. 185.5 121. 92.
1499 0.15 32.3 23.0 14.0 11.2 181 PI
815 222.7 158.5 96.5 77.
F
25 19 Nimonic 80 A 1202 0.15 34.4 29.3 25.2 17.0 15.9 11,659 Relaxation strengths have been
4-1/8 in. (105 mm) diameter. 650 237.2 202. 174. 117. 110. determined by plotting reported
Extruded. times to reach stated residual
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool;
1382 0.15 32.4 27.4 22.0 11.2 4.7 7,116 stresses.
1290 F( 700C), 16 h, air cool.
750 223.4 189. 152. 77. 32.4
1499 0.15 30.75 20.3 9.0 8.3 142
815 212.0 140. 62. 57. F
F
26 19 Nimonic 80 A 1202 0.15 37.2 31.0 23.9 6,326 Relaxation strengths have been O
4 in. (102 mm) square. 650 256.5 214. 165. determined by plotting reported
Forged. times to reach stated residual
1975 F( 1080C), 8h, air cool;
1382 0.15 37.2 33.2 27.9 15.9 9.8 3,089 stresses.
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool.
750 256.5 229. 192. 110. 67. (
27 19 Nimonic 80 A 1112 0.15 28.1 32.4 24.6 24.2 12,123 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28.6 mm) diameter. 600 193.7 223. 170. 167. determined by plotting reported
1975 F( 1080C), 8h, air cool;
1202 0.15 34.4 28.5 22.1 8.5 8.3 10,102 stresses.
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool.
650 237.2 196.5 152. 58.5 57.
1382 0.15 31.4 25.1 15.1 9.0 244
750 216.5 173. 104. 62.
1499 0.15 29.6 23.5 15.4 9.0 50
815 204.1 162. 106. 62.
Nimonic 90
Nimonic 105
e
a
2
I SS
>._ E
-a -a * Z -* z
=5 S s
Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr
O
19 0.07 19.40 Bal. 16.00 2.49 1.40 0.045 0.006
o
s;
5
o
w
H

M
CO
CO

SO
M
s:
o
izi
29 19 0.15 15.30 Bal. 19.70 1.23 4.61 0.010 0.010
>
M
S>
H
>1
t-
o
K|
CO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 3
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
o
3 to form and size, history of material. to 3 CM
O Q-^fc
ksi re
C
c ? o E > z MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
s
3
"TO stress.
Heat treatment > "o o?0 strain. stress. time.
re
IB eg l/t CO % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
2 Q K UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
28 19 Nimonic 90 1112 0.15 39.0 29.0 28.8 12,181 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 600 268.9 200.0 198.6 determined by plotting reported
1202 0.30 71.7 59.4 51.4 41.7 35.7 2,700 stresses.
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool;
650 494.4 403.5 354. 287.5 246.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1202 0.15 40.7 34.8 30.2 28.0 1,961
650 280.6 234. 208. 193.
1202 0.15 38.7 32.4 29.6 27.5 5,329
650 266.8 223. 204. 190.
1292 0.15 36.6 29.4 26.0 21.2 19.5 2,048
700 252.4 203. 179. 146. 134.5 M
Fi
1292 0.15 35.2 28.0 23.9 15.3 15.2 10,175 a
700 242.7 193. 165. 105.5 105. >
w
M
1382 0.15 34.95 29.4 24.8 16.2 10.1 3,552 CO
750 241.0 203. 171. 112. 70. a
1382 0.15 34.95 28.8 24.1 (15.3) 15.7 930 n
750 241.0 198.5 166. (105.5 ) 108.
c-1
29 19 Nimonic 105. Relaxation strengths have been
r
1202 0.15 39.6 33.6 10,000 o
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 650 273.0 232. determined by plotting reported K!
CO
2100F(1150C), 4h, air cool;
1202 0.15 40.6 (32. 9) 33.4 8,613 stresses.
650 279.9 (227.) 230.
1920 F( 1050 C), 16 h, air cool;
1560 F( 850 C), 16 h, air cool. 1292 0.15 40.1 34.5 25.1 23.3 13,427
700 276.5 238. 173. 161.
1382 0.15 39.0 30.2 22.8 15.1 14.35 16,546
750 268.9 208. 157. 104. 99.
1472 0.15 35.1 26.4 19.1 10.4 8.7 2,014
800 242.0 182. 132. 72. 60.
1562 0.15 32.25 20.2 12.2 4.7 698
850 222.4 139. 84. 32.4
Refractaloy 26
to IN
Chemical composition, % by wt. b - B
- N
>._ E
a*z
M </> .
oi -* Z
=5 S S3 s
Cr Ni Mo Co Al Fe
o
0.052 0.91 0.95 18.1 36.9 3.17 19.6 0.06 2.34 17.4 Hardness: VPH 312/317.
>
31 0.057 0.85 0.86 18.30 37.4 2.6 20.1 0.07 2.78 16.00 Hardness: VPH 363/383. 8
2!
O
*j
32 54 H
W
W
oi
w

33 0.03 0.02 0.31 17.98 36.76 3.08 18.94 0.06 2.86 Bal. 0.006 Room 167.8 97.1 27. 28. Hardness: DPN (30 kg) 381; BHN 311. w
1157. 669.5 Grain size 4 to 5. >
Room 171.0| 97.6 26.5 35.
1179. 673.
O
34 Hardness: DPN (30 kg): 344 to 348.
>
O
35 0.046 0.83 0.86 18.3 37.0 2.99 19.8 0.86 2.60 17.0 Room 159.4 88.05 30. 41. Hardness: Vickers (10 kg) 298/367.
1099. 607. Grain size 6 to 7. M
M
W

r
tr1
O
K!
CO
_
o"
i
M
3
3 ,_ IN Initial
Residual stress,
Final 2
tempera
3 O (0
C u o o-^
deg F
degC
stress.
a Heat treatment o2t3 strain. stress. time.
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h in
s
rtj CO
Q
V
(0
30 Y Refractaloy 26 1100 37.4 36.5 36.2 35.1 406 Strains correspond to initial stress
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter bar. 593 257.9 251.7 249.6 242. at room temperature of 45 ksi
1800 F( 980 C), lh, water quench; (310.2 MN/m2).
1200 34.0 32.0 25.6 989
1500F(815C), 20 h;
649 234.4 220.6 176.5
1350F(730C), 20 h.
31 Y Refractaloy 26 1100 62.3 57.5 53.7 53. 190 Strains correspond to initial stresi:
7/8 In. (22 mm) diameter bar. 593 429.5 396.5 370. 365. at room temperature of 80 and 45
1800F(980C), lh, water quench; ksi (551.6 and 310.3 MN/m'),
1100 39.0 38.5 38.0 35.2 1053 respectively.
1500F(815C), 20h;
593 268.9 265.5 262. 243. 2
1350F(730C), 20h. n
32 54 Refractaloy 26 wire. 1000 40.0 36.8 35.9 Torsion test on wire. w
Data have been scaled from a plot f
Agedl350F(730C), 24h. 538 275.8 254. 247.5 l
w
of percent load loss vs. time. >
co
W
33 Y Refractaloy 26 1050 52.3 51.3 50.7 50.0 48.6 47.3 2791 Test-sample location approximate!y
Consumable electrode melt. 566 360.0 353.7 349.6 344.7 335. 326. mid-radius.
2-9/16 in. (65 mm) diameter, Strains correspond to initial stresn
1050 39.2 37.8 36.9 34.7 2161 at room temperature of 60 or 45 ki il
566 270.3 260.6 254.4 239. (413.7 or 310.3 MN/m2).
34 Y Refractaloy 26 1050 31.8 31.6 31.0 29.4 25.1 25.1 1006 Strains correspond to initial stress! O
Consumable electrode melt. 566 219.2 218. 214. 203. 173. 173. at room temperature of 45 ksi CO
Rotor forging. (310.3 MN/m2).

1100 42.6 40.0 39.6 40.0 38.5 38.2 1090 Test at 1050 F on longitudinal
593 293.7 276. 273. 276. 265.5 263. specimen; other two tests on
1200 39.8 39.4 38.7 38.4 34.9 34.7 1010 tangential specimens.
649 274.4 272. 267. 265. 241. 239.
35 Y Refractaloy 26. 900 42.5 41.7 41.2 39.6 1010 Strains correspond to initial stresi:
Samples 3/4 x 3/4 x 9 in. (19 x 19x 482 293.0 287.5 284. 273. at room temperature of 45 ksi
230 mm) cut from a cylinder seg- (310.3 MN/mJ).
ment. 1000 40.7 40.6 40.5 38.3 1033
538 280.6 280. 279. 264.
1800 F( 980 C), lh;
1500F(815C), 20h; 1050 39.2 38.7 37.5 503
1350 F( 730C), 20 h. 566 270.3 267. 258.5
1100 35.7 35.2 34.7 32.4 1006
593 246.1 243. 239. 223.
1200 34.4 33.3 32.0 27.4 16.5 10,050

649 237.2 230. 221. 189. 114.
Re ne 41
i 1
Q
B
E
2
CO CO
CO
3
N
b .- E e ._ E CO
3 <? 2" => g *-o

CO
a
-J> '> ^
.2 -e
gE $ -a a * z
ac
Q> * Z
2
cCO o
ra
s
CO
o0.
T3
co
C Mn Cr
ut
o 0)
Q Si Ni Mo Co Ti Al Fe B h- r-
UJ o
o
36 Q 0.092 0.19 0.16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1.10 0.007 Room 206.8 142.5 153. 22.
1426. 982.5 1054. 13
600 194.9 119.6 148.2 15.5

316 1344. 825. 1022.
3
800 188.5 120. 142. 22.
427 1300. 828. 978. o
n
1000 188. 118.5 150. 14.5
538 1296. 817. 1034. w
M
ui
37 Q 0.092 0.19 0.16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1.10 0.007 Room 235.5 171.8 207.9 12.5 I
1624. 1185 1433. SO
M
f
600 212.6 152.7 192. 9. >
316 1466. 1053. 1325.
800 207.5 151. 188. 9.5
O
427 1431. 1041. 1296. 2,
1000 205.8 156.9 184.6 8.
538 1419. 1082. 1273.
>
38 Q 0.092 0.19 0.16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1.10 0.007 Room 269.5 229. o
1858. 1578.
M
600 259.7 202.8 259. 0.5
316 1791. 1398. 1785. 3
800 248.8 196.3 1.
427 1715. 1353. 2
1000 251.3 169. 244.3 0.5 S
538 1733. 1167. 1684. >
r
f
39 X 0.08 0.03 0.10 18.6 Bal. 9.95 11.2 3.11 1.47 0.80 0.005 70 167.1 130.5 o
21 1152. 900. 1/1
40 X 0.08 0.03 0.10 18.6 Bal. 9.95 11.2 3.11 1.47 0.80 0.005 70 163.6 129.9
21 1128. 896.
41 X 0.08 0.03 0.10 18.6 Bal. 9.95 11.2 3.11 1.47 0.80 0.005 70 168.9 125.1
21 1163. 862.5

Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final o10
form and se, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
0)
u
C >
deg F
degC
Is Si Heat treatment strain, stress, time, '5
ai CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s w
36 Q Rene 41, Strip and flat. 600 28.5 120. 115.7 96

1975F(1080C), l/2h, air cool; 316 196.5 827.4 798.
1400 F( 760 C), 16 h, air cool. 800 27.5 120. 115.9 96
427 190. 827.4 799.
1000 27.5 80. 73.8 96
538 190. 551.6 509.
37 Q Rene 41, Strip and flat. 600 30.5 120. 117.5 96

1975 F( 1080C), 1/2 h, air cool; 316 212. 827.4 810.
Cold roll 10%;
3
o
1350F(730C), 16h, air cool. 800 29. 120. 109.3 96
427 200. 827.4 754. c-1
1000 27. 80. 64. 96
538 186. 551.6 441.
38 Q Rene 41, Strip and flat. 600 30. 120. 117.7 96

207. 827.4 <=!
1975F(1080C), l/2h, air cool; 316 811.5
Cold roll 50%; w
1350 F( 730C), 16 h, air cool. 800 29. 120. 110.8 96
427 200. 827.4 764. r
r
1000 30.5 80. 63.3 96 o
538 210. 551.6 436. !
CO
39 X Rene 41 bolt, #10-32 threads, with 1400 99.7 36.2 25.5 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
Waspaloy nut. 760 687.4 250. 176. Results are average of 3 tests.
Hot forge 12-point head;
2150 F( 1175 C), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1400 62.3 21.9 18.2 50
Roll threads (MIL-S-8879); 760 429.5 151. 125.5
1650 F (900C), 4h, air cool.
40 X Rene 41 bolt, same as Material 39, 1400 77.4 43.4 32.9 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
but 1/4 in. -28 threads. 760 533.6 299. 227. Results are average of 3 tests.
1400 48.3 30.2 21.2 50

760 333.0 208. 146.
41 X Rene 41 bolt, same as Material 39, 1400 73.0 43.8 35.1 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
but 1/2 in. -20 threads. 760 503.3 302. 242. Results are average of 3 tests.
1400 46.4 30.0 28.3 50
760 319.9 207. 195.
Udimet 500
Udimet 630

ut 'K . ._
O <" ""-
o * Z
o 2 *
a
Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al
O
O
98 0.09 0.10 0.11 19.2 Bal. 4.30 0.30 2.97 2.97 0.007 1200 178. 17. 19.5 Stress-rupture test at 25 ksi (172.4 MN/rr ')
Mg 649 1227. at 1650F(899C):31.5 h; 8.6% Elongation 13
Cu Co
10.1% Reduction of area.
pt
0.01 19.0 f
0.01 >
H
8
o
TO
H
S3
M
IP
SJ
M
f
>
H
43 3
>
H
W
I(
>
44 0.04 0.21 0.10 17.5 Bal. 2.90 17.2 1.05 0.61 0.01 0.004 70 256.1 201.4 Tensile data are average of 3 tests.
21 1766. 1389. o
W Nb+Ta Co Cu B
CO
2.75 6.20 0.10 0.10 40 1200 205.4 188.2
ppm 649 1416. 1298.
e ,_
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3(0
IM
_3
3 . N Initial
Residual stress,
Final -
3 Q) form and size, history of material. ksi CO

C O O Q- -^
Si Heat treatment c o V
jj, -D -o o23 strain. stress. time,
CO Ift
n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 4A
s
VI
0)
Q r- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
42 98 Udimet 500. 1300 25.1 0.3 75.0 66.9 54.5 45.5 415
1975F(1080C), 4h; 704 173. 517.1 461. 376. 314.
1550F(845C), 24h; 1300 55.0 52.2 46.7 40.5 450
1400 F( 760 C), 16 h. 704 379.2 360. 322. 279.
1300 0.2 50.0 48.5 44.1 38.8 500
704 344.7 334.5 304. 267.5
1400 24.4 0.3 75.0 50.0 36.6 30.8 280
760 168. 517.1 345. 252. 212.
1400 0.2 48.5 40.0 32.2 25.4 500 n
760 334.4 276. 222. 175. H
Ci
1500 23.7 0.33 71.0 32.6 19.5 11.6 475
163.5 225. 134.5 80. a
816 489.5 >
CO
1500 0.2 47.2 30.0 20.3 12.8 500 M
816 325.4 207. 140. 88. *
1600 22.8 0.3 56.9 19.5 9.5 6.5 475
871 157. 392.3 134.5 65.5 45.
>
43 X Udimet 500 bolt, with 5/16 in.-18 1100 50.0 41.2 36.5 36.5 12 Automatic relaxation tester. F
O
threads. 593 344.7 284. 252. 252. Results have been scaled from a K!
plot. CO
1600 37.5 24. 11. 8. 14

871 258.6 165.5 76. 55.
44 X Udimet 630 bolts, 1/4 in. -28 xl.750 1200 151.2 122.1 97.9 75.9 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
in. (6.35 mm dia. x 44. 5 mm long). 649 1042.5 842. 675. 523.
Thread form MIL-S-8879.
Hot forge 12-point head. 1200 151.2 117.7 103.4 83.6 50
1900 F( 1040 C), lh, air cool; 649 1042.5 811.5 713. 576.
1400F(760C), 8h, air cool; 1200 151.2 121.0 94.6 78.1 50
1200 F( 650 C), 10h, air cool; 649 1042.5 834. 652. 538.5
Roll threads.
Waspaloy
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
s-s 5> -* s
z
*|
oa *
S Mn Cr Ni Mo Co Al
- O
45 K 0.08 0.80 0.61 18.72 Bal. 2.93 13.44 2.29 1.29 1350 58. 91. Rupture strength at 1500 F( 816 C ), TcsT O
MN/m"
732 400. 627.
Cu Fe 10 h 100 h 1000 h
0.10 1.17 1500 81.0 48. 76.5 6.
816 558.5 331. 527.5 40.0 27.7 17.5
276. 191. 121. 8
ASTM grain size 3 to 6.

o
s>
M
CO
P
SO
M
f
>-3
3
O
>
>
33
M
46 0.07 0.03 0.08 19.57 Bal. 4.45 13.22 2.92 1.21 0.004 0.007 70 274.4 214.8 Tensile data are average of 3 tests.
21 1892. 1481.
Cu Fe Zr B
0.01 0.34 0.08 0.004 1400 139.3 115.3 a
760 960.4 795. S
>
o
K!
CO
i
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
E Initial Final u
form and size, history of material. ksi **-to
GN/m2
3
106 psi
C O
>
deg F
degC
3
stress, MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure anC comments
!s 8 Heat treatment strain, time,
ca
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
V)
(0 .2
Q
45 K Waspaloy 1350 24. 85.0 55.1 40.0 (28.0) 15

7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter bar, 732 165.5 586.0 380. 276. (193.)
annealed.
1975 F( 1080 C), 4h, air cool; 1350 60.0 50.5 39.0 (30.0) 30
1550 F( 845 C), 4h, air cool; 732 413.7 348. 269. (207.)
1400 F( 760 C), 4h, air cool. 1350 "0.85 60.0 52.3 46.2 34.1 390
732 413.7 361. 318.5 235.
1350 '1.4 60.0 50.6 43.6 22
732 413.7 349. 301.
2
1350 l
2.6 60.0 47.7 (37.4) 4.7 n
w

732 413.7 329. (258.)

ri
1500 21. 1.44 70.0 24.5 13.7 5.8 (1.0) 190 a
816 145. 482.6 169. 94.6 40. (6.9) >
M
1500 50.0 30. 3
816 344.7 207.
1500 50.0 26.0 17.0 9.0 ( 1-5) 250
816 344.7 179. 117. 62. (10. )
F
1500 40.0 26.5 17.5 9.6 ( 2.3) 430 F
816 275.8 183. 121. 66. (16. ) O
1500 30.0 22.4 17.8 12.9 ( 7.0) 500

816 206.8 154. 123. 89. (48. )
1500 i
0.09 40.0 25.0 16.0 40
816 275.8 172. 110.
1500 * 1.15 40.0 23.3 13.2 ( 5.9) 80
816 275.8 161. 91. (41. )
46 X Waspaloy bolts and nuts. 1400 100.0 23.0 7.7 50 Cylinder test of bolts.
Thread form MIL-S-8879, with 760 689.5 158.6 53. Results are the average for three
1/4 in. -28 threads. tests.
Cold extrude 25% (0.312 to 0.268 in. )
1400 F( 760 C), 16 h, air cool;
Roll threads
Prestrained at test temperature by momentary overload to the total strain indicated;

Immediately unloaded to the indicated initial stress.
DIN Types
e |
E 5 S?
Test tempera
Tensile strer
<D
"(5 CO
MN/m2
CM
C U
c >.. E c 0)
deg F
degC
o o
s
ksi
3 ID
' 2 z s a o
-
(0 o 6 S
_oc
a. 6
S a
(0
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al P s o V
a.
UJ
o
o
47 29 0.045 0.02 0.07 20.5 Bal. 1.50 2.52 1.24 Room 155.9
1075.
93.6 *22.
645.
36. a
B
C
0.005 752 101.5 >
400 700. II
O
932 100. z
500 690. o
48 29 0.10 0.15 0.48 19.9 74.5 0.66 2.54 1.30 1022 100. GO
550 690. S>

Co W
0.50 1112 99.4 CO
CO
600 685.
1202 98.6 M
650 680. >
49 32 0.06 19.27 Bal. 2.24 1.28 Room 153.3 101. 22.4 26.0
1057. 696. o
50 32 0.05 0.12 0.43 20.6 Bal. 2.2 1.10 0.010 0.010 Room 159.6 131. 23.8 28.
1096. 901.
>
51 32 Room 160.7 90.5 25.4 42.3
624.
3S3
1108.
M
52 29 0.055 0.09 0.37 20.4 Bal. 4.36 1.70 2.52 Not

S
Room 182.8 116. *26. 24.
repor- 1260. 800.
B
1
ted.
0.006 752 103.
400 710. O
>
f
f
o
K!
GO
'%/5D.
Residual stress,
o 8..E
E
?j z strain, MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment g "8 -8 stress, time,
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m2 h h h h MN/m:
47 29 DIN 17006: Type X8NiCrAlTi 7520 752 0.2 58.0 58.45 60.5 4170 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007:2.4952. 400 400. 403. 417. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
(Nlmonic 80A).
1975 F( 1080 C), 8h, air cool; 932 0.2 56.85 56.85 57.6 2670
500 392. 392. 397.
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool;
1310 F( 710 C), 16 h, air cool.
48 29 DIN 17006: Type X8NiCrAlTi 7520 1022 0.2 43.8 44.1 1000 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007: 2. 4952 550 302. 304. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
(Nimonlc 80A).
Solution treated by manufacturer; 1112 0.2 42.8 40.3 31.3 30.8 11,1001
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool; 600 295. 278. 216. 214.
M
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool. 1202 0.2 34.1 28.0 1000 Fi
650 235. 193. a
>
49 32 DIN: Type NiCr20TiAl 896 27.7 0.18 38.8 35.7 30,000 Bolt specimen in a block. M
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; 480 191.2 Results have been scaled from a ui
268. 246. a
1290 F(700 C), 16 h. plot. v
M
50 32 DIN: Type NiCr20TiAl 1004 0.18 38.7 Bolt specimen in a block.
1 in. (25 mm) diameter forgings. 540 267. Results have been scaled from a F
1975 F( 1080 C), 8h, air cool; plot.
1560F(850C), 24h; 9
CO
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h.
51 32 DIN: Type NiCr20TiAl 1004 27.2 0.18 34.3 30,000 Bolt specimen in a block.
1 in. (25 mm) diameter forgings. 540 187.8 236. Results have been scaled from a
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; plot.
1560F(850C), 24h;
1290 F( 700C), 16 h.
52 29 DIN 17006: X8NiCrMoTiAl 7020 752 0.2 58. 57.7 61.6 9040 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975 F( 1080 C), 24 h, air cool; 400 406. 398. 425. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1560 F( 850 C), 24 h, air cool;
1310F(710C), 16h, air cool.
DIN Types
3E
Q
Proportional limit,
Test temperature,
Tensile strength,
in a?
3 o Chemical composition, % by wt. 1/5 iS CO
MN/m2
N
MN/m2
c 0)
deg F
>._ E
degC
C
3 g
ksi
a
to
g-SzS
ksi
^2
*-
a> CD
2 ac "o
6
sto a
CO
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al P S o 0)
cc
UJ
o
53 29 0.08 0.20 20.30 69.0 4.65 1.24 2.80 1.80 Room 182.8 117.5 26. 40. o
1260. 810.
932 101.5
500 700.
S
1112 100.
600 690. o
1202 99.
650 685.
M
1292 97. CO
CO
700 670. W
I
Pd
54 29 0.075 0.05 0.08 12.6 43.7 6.30 Bal. 2.82 0.22 0.010 0.008 Room 174.5 126. 22. 34. r
1203. 867.
B
0.018 752 111.
400 765. o
932 109.
500 750.
>
1112 104.
600 715.
1202 100.
650 690.
1292 93.
700 640.
2
55 29. 0.06 0.09 18.8 53.3 10.12 1.54 3.36 0.49 Room 183.5 130. 25. 28.
Co
1265. 897. >
f
12.27 1112 135. c-1
600 930. o
CO
1202 132.
650 910.
1292 130.5
700 900.
sf ^
IA
4)
O
form and size, history of material. O Q. C
ksi
C
E* z strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!2 a Heat treatment 0) ^ "O o?(3 stress. time. '5
n
M
$; n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
&
10
Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
53 29 DIN 17006: X8NiCrMoTiAl 7020 932 0.2 54.0 64. 92. 5640 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975 F( 1080C), 8h, air cool; 500 372. 442. 635. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool;
1310F(700C), 16h, air cool. 1112 0.2 52.5 57. 57. 500
600 362. 392. 392.
1202 0.2 46.0 43. 43. 950
650 317. 296. 296.
1292 0.2 49.3 31.3 22.3 5450
700 340. 216. 154.
54 29 DIN 17006: X8NiFeCrl2Mo 752 0.2 49.0 51.6 53.8 5610 Automatic relaxation tester.
8
(Alloy 901) 400 338. 356. 371. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1975 F( 1080C), 2h, water quench;
1425 F( 775 C), 2h, water quench;
1290 F( 700 C), 24 h, air cool.
932
500
0.2 50.5
348.
49.0
338.
48.9 1100
337.
i
1112 0.2 48.4 49.0 46.6 46.6 10,330
600 334. 338. 321. 321.
1202 0.2 46.8 35.5 17.8 18.0 9900
650 323. 245. 123. 124.
F
1292 0.2 45.5 23.5 12.8 5150 O
K!
700 314. 162. 88. CO
55 29 DIN 17006: XlONiCrMoTi 5020 1112 0.2 51.0 51.3 670 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975 F( 1080C), 4h, air cool; 600 352. 354. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1202 0.2 50.2 45.7 ( 40.) 45.5 1050
650 346. 315. (275.) 314.
1292 0.2 48.2 36.5 ( 26.) 36.5 1000
700 332. 252. (180.) 252.
EI437A

Sa
CO
fc .- E >._ E
0) V ' o> -* z
S 2 o
g-Sz
S Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al Ce n
o
56 16 0.03 0.23 0.15 20.5 Bal. 1 to 2.45 0.72 0.01
to to 1.5
0.35 0.45
3
O
*4
co
S>
W
co
CO

50
M
F
>
57 13 >
O
SB
M
s
2
>
t-1
oHi
CO
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
w
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, _3 Q
Initial Final u
0) form and size, history of material. 3 ._ <M
ksi n
c u o a.fc
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3 E z strain, stress, stress, time, & Relaxation-test procedure and comments
SI Heat treatment oS a u
0)
*-
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h fi
2
CO CO CO
56 16 Soviet alloy El 437 A 1382 42.7 22.0 12.2 7.1 3000 Presumably tested by the Oding
Standard two-stage heat treatment. 750 294.2 152. 84. 49. ring method; bending.
Results are average from 2 to 4
1382 35.6 19.2 11.8 6.8 3000 tests.
750 245.2 132. 81. 47.
1382 28.45 15.9 9.4 5.8 3000
750 196.1 110. 65. 40.
Above original material conditioned
by four 1-hour cycles of relaxation
from 28. 45 ksi (196.1 MN/m* ): 1382 28.45 19.5 11.0 7.0 3000
750 196.1 134. 75.5 48. o
M1
Above original material conditioned tr

by three 15-h cycles of relaxation
from 35.6 ksi (245.2 MN/m2): 1382 35.6 26.3 14.2 8.7 3000
>
co
750 245.2 181.5 98. 60. M
CO
cj
Above original material conditioned
M
by three 15-h cycles of relaxation
from 42.7 ksi (294. 2 MN/m2 ): 1382 42.7 28.7 15.4 9.0 3000
750 294.2 198. 106. 62. IT1
o
K!
57 13 Soviet alloy El 437 A 1112 36.3 29.4 26.7 5000 "Typical" values have been scaled CO
Solution treat; 600 250. 203. 184. from a plot.
Age.
1112 29.0 23.4 (21.5)
600 200. 161. (148.)
1112 21.8 18.1 16.4 5000
600 150. 125. 113.
1202 36.3 26.1 21.9 5000
650 250. 180. 151.
1202 29.0 21.3 ( 18.)
650 200. 147. (124.)
1202 21.8 15.2 13. 5000
650 150. 105. 90.
1292 36.3 19.1 12. 5000
700 250. 132. 82.
1292 29.0 16. 8 (10.7)
700 200. 116. (74. )
1292 21.8 11. 6 7. 5 5000
700 150. 80. 52.
EI437B
Q
f en
" 5P >
P.* 1 - E >._
i * Z
o ^ g .* Z
S Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al Cu O
O
58 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0.71 2.57 0.90 0.05 0.004
s
o
TI
59 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0.71 2.57 0.90 0.05 0.004 so
M
CO
CO
I
SO
M
60 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0.71 2.57 0.90 0.05 0.004
s
>
61 80
M
2!
Q
a
g
>
o
K|
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
CD
3 O
C >
deg F
degC
8 strain, stress, time, '5
Heat treatment
0) n
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h w
s Q MN/mz h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
58 110 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1022 79.65 81.6 81.8 82.2 32 Automatic Rel-Vl-ST tester.
1975 F( 1080 C), 8h, air cool; 550 549.2 563. 564. 567. Sensitivity of optical extensometer
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool. + 1 micron.
1202 78.25 75.7 72.5 9
650 539.4 522. 500. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1292 78.25 64.0 50.5 48.1 25
700 539.4 441. 348. 331.5
Same lot as Material No. 58. 600 539.4 548. 541. 533.5 Sensitivity of optical extensometer
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; + 1 micron.
1290 F (700 C), 16 h, air cool; Results have been scaled from a M
1110F(600C), 4h. plot.
Sensitivity of optical extensometer
k
CO
Same lot as Material No. 58. 600 539.4 528.5 517. 488. M
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; + 1 micron.
a
CO
1290F(1700C), 16 h, air cool; Results have been scaled from a

1110F(600C), 40h. plot. w
61 80 Soviet alloy El 437 B 752 28.7 42.7 42.2 42.0 Tests in bending; Oding ring
1975F(1080C), 8h; 400 198. 294.2 291. 289. method. o
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool; Average results of triplicate tests
Stress relieve finished specimens 752 28.45 28.2 27.8 have been scaled from curves of
CO
400 196.1 195. 192. stress vs. time.

930F(500C), 2h, air cool.
752 14.2 14.1 13.8
400 98.1 97. 95.
932 27.7 42.7 40.4 39.5
500 191. 294.2 278.5 273.
932 28.45 26.7 26.2
500 196.1 184. 180.5
932 14.2 13.4 13.1
500 98.1 92. 90.
1022 27.2 42.7 38.6 36.8
550 187. 294.2 266. 253.5
1022 28.45 25.6 24.5
550 196.1 176.5 169.
[Continued on next page].
EI437B
2
E
S .- E ._ E
o * z I -*z
ri
^ 5P o
E
=5 S
S Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
61 80 O
tr1
>
s
O
n
CO
H
W
M
CO
CO
I
W
M
>
O
SO
H
2
g
>
f1
tr
O
CO
JE
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final 0
GN/m2
0)
106 psi
3 O
C
deg F
degC
stress,
"2 s Heat treatment strain, stress, time,
re
%
09
CD re ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (A
ss
5 Q MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
61 80 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1022 14.2 12.7 12.1

550 98.1 87. 83.
[C ontinued]
1112 26.6 42.7 36.6 33.7
600 183. 294.2 252. 232.
1112 28.45 24.2 22.5

600 196.1 167. 155.
1112 14.2 11.9 11.3
600 98.1 82. 78.
1202
650
25.9
178.5
42.7
294.2
34.5 30.8
238. 212. aw
1202 28.45 22.4 20.3
a
650 196.1 154.5 140. >
1202 14.2 11.0 10.3
650 98.1 76. 71.
1292 25.2 42.7 29.5 24.6

700 173.5 294.2 203.5 170.
t-1
1292
700
28.45
196.1
20.3
140.
17.2
119.
of
Kj
CO
1292 14.2 9.6 8.2

700 98.1 66. 56.
1382 24.5 42.7 23.1 16.1
750 169. 294.2 159. 111.
1382 28.45 15.8 11.1

750 196.1 109. 76.5
1382 14.2 7.7 5.7
750 98.1 53. 39.
1472 23.3 42.7 14.2 6.0
800 161. 294.2 98. 41.
1472 28.45 10.8 4.7
800 196.1 74.5 32.
[Concluded on next page]
EI437B
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. 58 u. o to ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
._ E
* z
s
5 Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti A
O
O
61 80 g
ti
F
>
3
55
o
I
W
CO
IP

M1
I"
>
5
62 *[0.06 0.35 0.65 19 to Bal. 1.0 2.3 to 0.55 3. 005] 68 94. Hardness: RC 24 to 24. 4
22. 2.7 to to 20 647.
0.95 0.008
1292
700
75.
520. 3ft
1472 67. M
800 464.
3
M
ft
s
r-H
>1
t-
O
!
"Typical".
1E
Test temperature,
in Residual stress, o
Initial Final u
3 0)
O
form and size, history of material. = ._ CM
o ft| ksi CO
C
>
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3 z stress, stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
."2 8 Heat treatment strain, time,
G)
n ra % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tn
s O UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
w
UJ
61 80 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1472 14.2 5.1 2.3

800 98.1 35. 16.
[Concluded].
1562 22.6 42.7 7.0 0.5
850 156. 294.2 48. 3.4
1562 28.45 4.4 0.2
850 196.1 30. 1.5
1562 14.2 2.4
850 98.1 17.
1652 (21.6) 42.7 1.85
900 (149.) 294.2 13.
fi
1652 28.45 0.6
CD
900 196.1 3.9 >
a
CM
1652 14.2 0.5
900 98.1 3.4 CO
a
62 3 Soviet allot El 437 B 68 94.9 91. Oding uniform-strength ring;
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter rod.
1830F(1000C), 1.5h, furnace cool;
20 654. 626. Bending.
Data have been scaled from a
tir
1
68 87.0 85. r
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; small plot. o
1290 F( 700 C), 16 h, air cool; 20 600.2 585. ><
CO
Stress relieve 930F( 500C), 2h, 68 60.6 79.
air cool, after finish machining. 20 556.0 544.
1292 75.0 58. 34.5
700 516.8 400. 238.
1292 65.7 54.
700 453.1 370.
1292 64.0 32.
700 441.3 220.
1292 57.2 48.
700 394.2 329.
1292 52.8 28.
700 363.8 194.
1292 49.2 41.5
[Concluded on next page]. 700 339.3 286.
EI437B
El 617
&
E
Chemical composition, % by wt. $ u- o s "
Miscellaneous properties and infrastructure
>._ E
a ^ -a x 2
S
S Mn Cr Ni Mo W Ti Al Fe O
O
62
35S
o
*i
CO
M
!/>I
S>
Pd
>
>
1
3SJ
63 [0.08 0.5 0.5 13 to Bal. 5 to 7 0.5] 68 107. Hardness: RC 27. 5 to 28. 5
16 M
20 735.5
932 101.
500 696.
M
1292 93. S3
700 642.
1562 69.5 >1
c-
850 479. f
o
K|
"Typical".
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
3 o form and size, history of material. ksi reu
C
deg F
degC
3 Ea MN/m2 .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a
z
strain, stress, stress, time, o
Heat treatment
V
to re m % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h </re>
2 Q UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
62 3 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1292 41.3 23.5

700 284.4 162.
[Concluded].
1292 40.8 36.
700 281.5 247.
1292 30.2 18.5
700 207.9 127.5
1472 66.4 17. 6.4
800 458.0 117. 44.
1472 56.9 16. 6.3 o
800 392. 112. 43.
1472 47.9 15. a
800 330.5 105. >
co
M
1472 45.5 5.8
800 313.8 40.
1472 38.8 13.
800 267.7 92.
1472 35.4 5. O
800 244.2 35. K!
CO
1472 30.6 11.5

800 210.8 79.5
1472 24.6 4.
800 169.7 27.5
63 3 Soviet alloy EI-617 68 106.7 101. Oding uniform-strength ring;

7/8 In. (22 mm) diameter rod. 20 735.5 696. Bending.
1830F(1000C), 1.5h, furnace cool; Data have been scaled from a
2190 F( 1200C), 2h, air cool;
68 96.0 92. small plot.
20 662.0 635.5
1920F(1050C), 4h, air cool;
1470 F( 800 C), 16 h, air cool; 68 85.3 84.
Stress relieve 1110 F(600C), 2h, 20 588.4 578.
air cool, after finish machining.
68 74.0 73.
20 510.0 504.
[Continued on next page].
El 617
e
B(D
Chemical composition, % by wt. 6 u. o
5
g- o> o.
o ^ ri
S Mn Cr Ni Mo O
O
63 s
F
>
sz
o
*l
CO
H
W
M
CO
CO
>
3w
a
a
>
f
o
><
CO
1E
temperature,
in
3 ._ IN
3 0)
u
C o Q.
O
deg F
degC
"5 a strain. stress, stress. time,
Heat treatment
ra s tfl (0 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (0
i D H UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
63 3 Soviet alloy EI-617 68 64.7 64.

20 446.2 440.
[Continuation].
932 101.0 88.
500 696.3 604.
932 90.3 80.
500 622.7 552.
932 78.2 70.5
500 539.4 486.5
932
500
69.0
475.6
64.
439. aM
P
i
932 59.3 54.5
500 408.9 375.5
CO
1292 92.5 71. 50. W

700 637.4 490. 343.
1292 79.6 63. M
700 549.2 434.
1292 76.1 43. f
700 524.7 297. o
1292 68.3 55.5 CO
700 470.7 382.5

1292 61.2 36.
700 421.7 250.
1292 56.5 47.
700 389.3 325.
1292 44.1 38. 28.5
700 304.0 260. 197.
1292 28.5 20.
700 196.1 135.
1562 69.5 35.5 15. 7.
850 480.5 245. 105. 47.
1562 58.3 31.5
[Concluded on next page]. 850 402.1 217.5
El 617
e
F (0
f
3 K Chemical composition, % by wt. j, li. (j fc .- E = N
>._ E
3
.2 * z
8 a *
2
z
s
at re =5 S o ^
re Al
S> Q Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V W Fe Ti
O
O
63
IT"
>
S
2!
O
co
H
50
M
CO
CO

ft)
H
f
>
>
64 110 '[0.08 0.5 0.5 13 to Bal.

16
0.5 5 to 7 2-] 8
M
50
I
>
f
f
O
CO
"Typical"
re
is ^ Residual stress. i.
V>
Initial Final 2
ksi re
tempera
C O 1 S..E >
deg F
degC
E Z strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment stress, time, |3
.2 O
re ^ 1
CO re re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
63 3 Soviet alloy EI-617. 1562 56.9 14.5 6.5

850 392.3 100. 44.5
[Conclusion].
1562 48.4 28.
850 333.4 191.5
1562 45.5 12.5
850 313.8 86.
1562 42.7 5.7
850 294.2 39.
3
n
1562 39.1 23.
w
850 269.7 159.5 M
F
1562 34.0 10.
850 234.4 69.5
co
M
1562 29.2 20. 4.7
CO
850 201.0 136.5 32.5 a
1562 22.8 8.4 a
850 156.9 58.
F
1562 15.7 3.3 F
O
850 107.9 22.5 K|
CQ
64 110 Soviet alloy EI-617 1292 64.0 62. 62. 21 Automatic Rel-Vl-5T tester.
700 441.3 427. 427. Sensitivity of optical extensometer
+ 1 micron (0. 00004 in.)
1292 ^64.0 42.5 47. 95 Temperature control + 2 C (3.6 F),
700 441.3 292.5 324.5 Results have been scaled from a
1292 *64.0 48. 36. 24 plot.
700 441.3 333. 250. Amplitude of vibrating stress
approximately 0.17 to 0. 71 ksi
1472 42.7 32.5 20. 19. 116 (1. 2 to 4. 9 MN/m2).[100 Watts].
800 294.2 224. 137.5 133.
1472 *44.1 32.5 23. 68
800 304.0 224. 157.
*80 Hz superimposed vibration. *1200 Hz superimposed vibration.
El 893

Chemical composition, % by wt. b .- E
s ~
Si a) * Z
5 -o -o
eo 5 S 2 S
w
CO
Q Mn Cr Ni Mo Al Ce
O
O
65 11 0.06 0.17 0.2 15.8 Bal. 4.5 9.7 1.46 1.45 0.02 0.02
<0.1 0.27 17.3 65.3 4.2 10.3 0.92 1.16 1382 85.3 Contained about 10% Ni3(Ti,Al) preclpltat^ o
12 750 588. at the start; as high as 17% after 20, 000 h
Fe at 1382 F( 750 C).
0.53
M
CO
CO
i

>
H
o
it
67 16 0.02 0.23 0.15 15.4 Bal. 4.5 8.6 1.3 1.35 0.01 0.02
to to
0.35 0.45 Fe
1 to
1.5 >
O
1=0
M
8
M
I(
>
f
f
o
68 13 1382 87.0 !
CO
750 600.
1E s Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial o
Final u
form and size, history of material. CD
ksi
GN/m2
3 03
106 psi
CO
C O
gE -aa> "Qff stress,
3
Is 8 Heat treatment strain, stress, time,
(D
ksi 1 10
CD
a) % 120 1000 10,000 ksi h

S
CD to
Q
65 11 Soviet alloy El 893. 1472 42.7 12.4 8.5 3000 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 800 294.2 85.3 58.8 Results have been scaled from a
Solution treated + aged. small plot of log stress vs. time.
1472 35.6 11.4 9.25 3000
800 245.2 78.5 63.7
66 9 Soviet alloy El 893 1382 49.8 28.4 21.8 18.5 20,000 Oding ring method; bending.
12 Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 750 343.4 196. 150. 127.5
2155F(1180C), air cool;
1470F(800C), 12 h. 1382 42.7 25.3 18.9 17.2 20,000
750 294.4 174.5 130. 118.5
1382 35.6 21.8 17.1 14.2 20,000
750 245.5 150. 118. 98.
f
i
1382 28.4 17.9 13.5 11.2 20,000 a
750 195.8 123.5 93. 77. >
a
CO
67 16 Soviet alloy El 893 1472 42.7 21.3 13.5 7.8 3000 Average results from 2 to 4 tests,
a
CO
Soviet type KhN62VMTYu 800 294.2 147. 93. 54. presumably by the Oding ring
Standard two-stage heat treatment. method. M
1472 35.6 19.6 12.1 7.1 3000
800 245.2 135. 83. 49.
1562 42.7 18.5 10.8 4.8 4000 o
K!
850 294.2 127.5 74.5 33. CO
Above material conditioned by three
prior 15-hour cycles of relaxation
from the indicated initial stress: 1472 42.7 25.3 15.6 8.8 3000
800 294.2 174.5 108. 61.
1472 35.6 24.2 13.6 8.2 3000
800 245.2 167. 94. 57.
1562 42.7 23.5 12.8 6.4 4000
850 294.2 162. 88. 44.
68 13 Soviet type Khl5N65VMTYu 1382 52.2 29.7 22.6 19.4 20,000 Results have been scaled from a
2155F(1180C), air cool; 750 360. 205. 156. 134. small plot.
1470 F( 800 C), 16 h.
1382 43.5 25.4 19.7 17.1 20,000
750 300. 175. 136. 118.
1382 34.8 22.5 17.4 16.0 20,000
750 ! 240l ' 55;' 120. ' 110. '
1382 29.0 17.7 14.2 13.3 20,000
750 200. 122. 98. 92.
Soviet Types

3n
CO
fe U. CJ
>._ E
1-8-8 a * z
2 s
Mn Cr Ni Mo w Al Ce O
o
14
>
O
o
*f
to
H
S3
M
CO
CO
I
S>
M
f
>
O
2!
70 16 0.06 0.23 0.15 18.6 Bal. 4.6 4.7 2.65 1.20 0.02 0.01
to to >
0.35 0.45 Fe
1 to
1.5 S3
M
S
H
S3
s
It
>1
r1
c-
O
K|
CO
iE
Test temperature,
3 ._ N
0) form and size, history of material. ksi CO
3
C o o o- ,
^ IS C
deg F
degC
3 E* MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!s 8 Heat treatment
z
strain, stress, time, U
re ~&M tt
ra TO % ksi 1 10 120 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
(Q
Q III MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
.2
69 14 Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 1382 42.7 31.9 27.3 Ring specimens; bending.
750 294.2 220. 188.
1382 35.6 26.7 23.3
750 245.2 184. 161.
1472 42.7 25.6 21.3 500
800 294.2 176.5 147.
1382 42.7 31.0 27.3 Cylindrical tension specimens.

750 294.2 214. 188.
o
1382 35.6 28.4 27.0
750 245.2 196. 186. M
1472
800
42.7
294.2
26.7
184.
22.8
157.
500
kw
M
70 16 Soviet alloy EP 202 1472 56.9 24.5 14.9 9.4 3000 Average results from 2 to 4 tests, t
Ci
Soviet type KhN67VMTYu 800 392.3 169. 103. 65. presumably by the Oding ring V
Standard two-stage heat treatment. method. W
1472 49.8 22.3 12.8 8.1 3000
800 343.2 154. 88. 56.
1562 49.8 17.8 7.4 3.7 3000 o
850 343.2 122.5 51. 25.5 CO
1562 42.7 15.4 6.8 3.1 3000

850 294.2 106. 47. 21.5
1562 35.6 14.1 6.3 3.1 3000
Above material conditioned by three 850 245.2 97. 43. 21.5
prior 1-hour cycles of relaxation
from the indicated initial stress: 1472 56.9 29.2 16.1 10.1 3000
800 392.3 201. 111. 70.
1472 49.8 27.7 15.4 10.0 3000
800 343.2 191. 106. 69.
1562 49.8 18.2 8.1 3.8 3000
850 343.2 125.5 56. 26.5
1562 42.7 17.8 7.4 3.4 3000
850 194.2 122.5 51. 23.5
1562 35.6 16.4 l 7.1 3.4 3000
1 850 [
245.aJ ktt. 1
40. ! 1
23. 5'
Soviet Types
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o J= .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

1 - E
u -* z
o * ri
S Mn Cr Mo w Al Ce O
O
71 11 0.06 0.23 0.45 Not Bal. 4.6 4.7 2.65 1.20 0.02 0.01
given id
Fe
(15 to 1.0
16?)
8
Si
o
*l
14
CO
72 H
SJ
W
CO

M
F
>
8
2!
73 13 *[0.05 20. Bal. 2.5 0.75] Grain size 3 to 4.

>
5
a
>
f
O
K|
74 12 *[0.05 20. Bal. 2.5 0.75] Hardness: BHN363. CQ
Grain size 6 to 7.
Test temperature,
Residual stress, 6
Elastic modulus,
E form and size, history of material. o
ksi
GN/m2
3
106 psi
CO
O
C
>
deg F
degC
8 Heat treatment strain, stress, time,
re n % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 1/)
J2
71 11 Soviet alloy EP 202 1562 49.8 17.8 7.4 3.7 3000 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet type KhN67VMTYu 850 343.2 122.5 51. 25.5
Solution treated + aged. 1562 42.7 15.4 6.8 2.8 3000
850 294.2 106. 47. 19.5
1562 35.6 14.1 6.3 3.1 3000
850 245.2 97. 43. 21.6
72 14 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1292 28.45 20.9 16.5 Ring specimens; bending.
700 196.1 144. 114.
1292 35.6 24.9 18.6 o
700 245.2 172. 128.5 w
M
fi
Cylindrical specimens; tension. W
1292 28.45 22.3 17.8 >
700 196.1 154. 122.5 CO
M
1292 35.6 25.6 21.5
CO
C
700 245.2 176.5 148.
a
73 13 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1202 50.8 28.6 24.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
1975F(1080C), air cool; 650 350. 197. 170. F
1380F(750C), 16 h. O
1202 43.5 25.1 21.8 2000 K!
650 300. 173. 150. CO
1202 36.25 18.6 15.4 2000

650 250. 128. 106.
1292 29.0 16.7 14.8 2000
700 200. 115. 102.
1292 21.75 11.2 9.9 2000
700 150. 77. 68.
1292 14.5 6.4 5.1 2000
700 100. 44. 35.
74 12 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1202 42.7 21.5 14.8 12.4 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of
1740 F( 950 C), 4h, air cool; 650 294.4 148. 102. 85.5 uniform cross section, formed
1380F(750C), 16h. from strips 9x15 mm (0.35 x 0. 6
1292 35.6 19.4 10.7 8.5 2100 in.) cross section.
650 245.5 134. 74. 58.5
"120 h.
Soviet Types
e i
Q
I 55
E s? n
3
V
Chemical composition, % by wt. te u. o a> Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._ c
U
C
3
E * z o co
8 g -o -o
o ^ ac O
oc
CO
Q. T3
CD CO
C Cr P O o V
Mn Si Ni Mo Nb Ti Al S CD
a.
o
Q
r- UJ
Hardness: BHN331.
o
75 12 *[0.05 20. Bal. 2.5 0.75] %
Grain size 6 to 7. tI
F
>
o
>-c
76 12 *[0.05 20. Bal. 2.5 0.75] Hardness: BHN321.

Grain size 3 to 4. o>*1
Si
w
CO
CO

50
w
77 12 *[0.05 20. Bal. 2.5 0.75] Hardness: BHN311. r
Grain size 3 to 4.
>
52!
78 6 0.06 14 to Bal. 4 to 10.5 1.0 to Room 192 to 156.5 171 to Hardness: RC 45 to 48. H
max. 16 6 1.5 227.5 tol7L 192. >
1324 1079 1177 o
5o
to to to
1569 1177 1324 M
932 194.6 10.
500 1342.
1112 170.7 5. M
50
600 1177.
79 5
s>
r1
t-
o
CO
3E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, B. ^3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
g
form and size, history of material. (0 5 -3 N
ksi re
3"-"
0)
3
C U o S..E
E z MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
is SI Heat treatment MM
g -a -o uS(3 strain. stress. time.
re
re <*> % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
s
CD
Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 294.4 146. 103.5 88. uniform cross section, formed
1740 F( 950C), 4h, air cool; from strips of 9x15 mm (0. 35 x
1202 35.6 15.9 7.8 5.8 2100 0. 6 in.) cross section.
1470F(800C), 16h.
650 245.5 110. 54. 40.
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 343.4 260. 196.5 167. uniform cross section, formed
1975F(1080C), 4h, air cool; from strips of 9 x 15 mm(0. 3 5 x
1380F(750C), 16h. 1202 42. 7 31.2 25.0 21.3 2100 0. 6 in.) cross section.
650 294.4 215. 172. 147.
3
a
1202 35.6 28.6 18.5 15.4 2100 w
650 245.5 197. 127.5 106. M
77 12 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1202 42.7 28.3 20.8 17.9 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of a
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 294.4 195. 143. 123. uniform cross section, formed
>
1975 F( 1080 C), 4h, air cool; from strips of 9 x 15 mm (0.35 x
1202 35.6 21.2 14. 5 12.5 2100
1470 F( 800C), 16 h.
650 245.5 146. 100. 86.
0.6 in.) cross section. 3
M
78 6 Soviet type 70NKhBMYu 932 27.2 101.0 95. 94. 94. 50 Bending tests of strips 0. 012 x 0. 2
Laboratory induction heat. 500 187.8 696.3 657. 647. 647. x4.3 in. (0.3 x5x110 mm). F
2010 to 2100 F( 1100 to 1150C), Results have been scaled from a f
1022 26.7 92.5 85. 79. 78. 50 o
water quench; plot.
550 184.4 637.4 588. 544. 539. CO
1380 F( 750 C), 5h.
1112 26.3 93.9 80. 67. 65.5 50
600 181.4 647.2 549. 461. 451.
79 5 Soviet type 70NKhBMYu 932 96.7 90. 85.5 83.2 200 Strips in bending.
500 666.8 618. 588.5 574. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1022 99.6 86. 79.5 78.2 200
550 686.5 593.5 549. 539.5
1022 82.5 74. 69. 66. 200
550 568.8 510. 476. 456.
1112 89.6 75. 67.5 63.3 200
600 617.8 515. 465.5 436.5
Soviet Types
E
f
00

ju-o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
4= - E
ri
? 5? > * z
=5 S 1*1
Mn Cr Mo w Nb Al
o
80 0.06 14 to Bal. 3 to 1.7 to 9 to 0.6 to Room 213 to 176 to 10 to Hardness: RC 48.
IS
max. 16. 4. 2.3 10 1.1 242. 208. 12.
1471 1216
to
1667
to
1432 82!
o
*i
S3w
M
en
CO
81 0.06 24 to Bal. 3 to 1.7 to 8 to 9 0.6 to Room 192 to 164 to 7 to Hardness: RC 45 to 46.
max. 26. 4. 2.3 1.1 209. 191. 12. M

r>
1324 1128
to to
752
1442.
195.
1314.
18.
s
400 1324. o>
1022 191. >
550 1314.
o
w
w
I
M
w
s
s>
F1
t"
O
K!
CO
Residual stress,
MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
E e strain, stress, time,
Heat treatment
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s MN/m: h h h h MN/m'
80 Soviet type 60NKhBMVYu 932 86.0 79. 75.5 74.7 200 Strips in bending.
2100 to 2145 F( 1150 to 1175 C), 500 593.3 544. 520. 515. Data have been scaled from a plot
water quench;
1022 88.2 74. 72. 68.7 200
1380F(750C), 5h.
550 608. 510. 495.5 480.5
1112 65.4 53.5 44. 39.8 200
600 451.1 368. 304. 275.
81 Soviet type 70NKhBMVYu 932 81.1 75.5 74. 72.5 200 Strips in bending.
2100 to 2145 F( 1150 to 1175C), 500 559.0 520. 510. 500. Data have been scaled from a plot
water quench; O
1380F(750C), 5h. 1022 74.0 67.5 64. 61. 200
M
550 510.0 465.5 441. 421.5 f
1112
600
69.7
480.5
60.5 54.
417. 372.5
52.6
363.
200
i.
CO
M
a
CO
F
O
!
CO
Comparative 100-h Residual Stresses
32'
3<
1 *
,4 "
3, 2? " ' '5
2 42
21
h
6 45 42
11 1
16 45
,*
16
40 45 '
42
16
80
A
c)
1
.
60 > *
1
tr
1
e
1 z
-<>m (A
Z
Q)
-
A
40 O
a o J 3
"3
"5 a
O Ak 1
200
,50 h
(
20
)
50 h
\>)
I
600 C 700 800 C

n i I 1 1 1
1000 1200 1400 1600

Temperature,F
60/80 60/72 60/72 50/72 45/60 40/50 57/73
Range of Initial Stresses, ksi
NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS 487

17
35 31 34 ,4
35 33 30 28 jg '0
32 21 35 30 35 24
34
24 24 24 2g
21 20 " 28 29
20
20 11 25 27
21
25 22 24
4S
21 21 6 21
27 87 20 2 29
27 .
25
8
16
80
o AF 1753
Alloy 718
a> D-979
e Hastelloy C
ft Hastelloy N
o Hastelloy X
InconelX
InconelX-550
* Inconel 700
A Incoloy 901
60
V M-252
A Nimonic 80 A
Nimonic 90
O Nimonic 105
* Refractaloy 26
D Rene 41
Udimet 500
X Waspaloy
-
40 i1
1
O t '
D 1
TJ
"S A '
A
9 *
at
* * A, - 200
A
A
J
Z
20
o
A
<> e A
-
o o
D
0 i "5!
O
ac
600 C 700 <) 600 C
r J 1 i
1000 1200 1400 1600
Temperature,F
40/52 33/39 30/40 22/40 30/35 30/35 32
Range of Initial Stresses, ksi
Soviet Types (Initial Stress 36 to 45.5 ksi)
o
o
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below *-*
>
61
6,
61 S
a:
o
6 61
'
57 63
63
57 61 66 *a
76 73 62 66 67
77 57 61
,.
67
V*
67
70 71
to
56 6S M
76 73 CO
77 61 63 p
62
61 m
F
- 300 >
4-
40' <
1000 o
<
Hours
._ 30 z
1 * S 3S3
o

7* * (A
W
s
20
O *k o3 H
3 o EI-437A
<> SJ
1>
Tj "O EI-437B
- 100 -

<
"3! # EI-617
o
f

10
Of EI-893 r
D EP-202 F
CD KhN77TYu o
K!
CO
400 500 60 70( 800 C

1 I 1 i
800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Temperature,F
Alloy 718: Matl.No.2 Hastelloy X: Matl. No. 8
Initial stress, 60ksi (414 MN/m* ) Initial stress, 30ksi (207MN/W)
1
60 --
*" *- ^ "*
'-- "" * -
\l00 h
\ \\ \ \
L
\\
\ D
10,000\h \ o
\ - -
- 300 w
w w
w>
40
* I
.- 40 \E F
i
z Z
\ 5 H
1
M
0) W> CD
1000 h'. a> C
V
200 Tn W) a
"5 i "
a
3
"5 3 "5
3 TJ 3
TJ "5! o o
o
at
at in !
20 O at 20 a CO
at ec
c
\l0h \ -
s
-o100 h
600C 700 c 700 C "-"--c 800 C I

n ' 1
600 C
1 1
1000 1100 1200 1300 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Temperature,F Temperature/F
Inconel X and Inconel X-550

>* ' 14 10 9 9 14
,0 M M
" ' 14 14
10 4
I,' ' lo 9 ,4
io io - o
o
s
14
14 14 14 14
10
11 14 , c
11 .0 9 10 9 I40 ^
>
s
10 M
60 o
1200F / 400 400
(649C) / 1350F (732C) / t

H
W
M
J/
5
5
W
^y \ D
M
r
1050 F <?/ >
)
V
s
11
.- 40 40 / J E
D
* 1
o
2!
Z
V I

/ >
i.
200
O SO
3
32 i : o M
"35 ti 3
a Ai
20 20 O M
to
- 1 A 10 h
100 h >
1000 h r
O
300 500MN/m> 300 SOOMN/m'

1 I 1 o 0 1 I 1 1
40 60 80 40 60 80
Nimonic 80A (0.15 or 0.2 % Strain)

21 47
24 4?
It 48
2
21 25 25 22 ** 24
27
21 20 22 2, 26 27
27 24 21 24 22 21 24
91
21
20 21 24
20 21 2120
,, 21 25 24 25
27 24
24 27 26 21
20 20 20 22 21 21
25 25 27
22 *'
60
400 o
400
o
100 1000 10,000
Hours Hours Hours

w
f
to
o
- >
CO
M
._ 40 40 40
a>
a
v
M
O
O
o
o 3
3
o
t-1
O ^ 200
I
200 o z 9
0 CO
0
"3! o 9 8
a>
o o
a o
20 20 20
o 1
o
o o
o o
3
o
0 -
"3!
a>
o
600 700 800 C 400 6O0C 800 600 700 C

I o 0 i ' i 1 1 o 0 i
1200 1400 800 1000 1200 1400 1000 1200 1400
Temperature,F
Aluminum Alloys
Somewhat limited numbers of tests are reported for each of a variety of alloy types:
Matl. No. Matl. No.

1060-HI 9 1 7039-T6 16-17
1100-O (Then prestrained) 2 7075-T73 18-19
High-purity aluminum (Prestrained) 3 7075-T7351 20
2014-T6 4 Cast 122 21
2014-T651 5 Cast A132 22
2024-T4 6-9 Cast 195 23
3003-O 10 Cast 356 24-25
5052-H(38?) 11 Cast RR 59 26
5083-HI 11 12 Soviet AM 27
6061-T6511 13-14 Soviet A Ts M 28
6101-T6 15
Graphical presentations have been included for five grades:

Effect of the level of initial stress on residual stress for 336 hours is shown on page 522 for 1060-H19
at test temperatures of 75, 212, and 300 deg. F ( 24, 100, and 149 deg. C).
Corresponding tests for 2014-T651 after 960 h are given on page 523 for the above three temperatures
plus 350 deg. F ( 177 deg. C ).
Pages 524 and 525 compare 10-hour and 1000-hour relaxation strengths for 2024-T4, 6061-T6511, and
7075-T73 over a range of temperatures between 75 and 500 deg. F ( 24 and 260 deg. C). Initial stress in all
instances was the yield strength at the test temperature. Results are compared for tests run by the step-down
method and using a stressing frame.
Among results not shown graphically, the following features are noted:
Compression stresses were relaxed for 1100 alloy, high-purity aluminum, 5083-H111, 6101-T6, and
7039-T6 ( Matl. No. 2,3,12,15-17); and bending stresses for 2014-T6 and 5052-H sheet, and for four cast
alloys ( Matl. No. 4,11,21-25).
Results for Matl. No. 10 (3003-O) cover one test each at room temperature under tension, torsion,
and combined tension plus torsion. Tests of cast alloy RR59 ( Matl. No. 26) were also run under combined
tension and torsion.
Tabulations for Matl. No. 6 and 7 list a pair of short tests at 400 deg. F ( 204 deg. C) for 2024-T4
bar with and without 1. 9% plastic prestrain.
493
1100
Chemical composition, % by wt. U. u b ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

en at vt t/> -~^ >._ E
o -a v -* Z -* Z
2 s
Fe Cu Mn Zn Mo V Al O
o
49 %
tI
H
II
O
2!
O
to
w1
c-
>
o
120 *[1.0 i+Fe 0.20 0.05 0.10 99.0]
min.
>
O
w
M
M

s
II
120
>1
t-1
r
o
*Composition limits.
temperature,
ji 3 Residual stress, 5
E
3 form and size, history of material. 3 ksi
CJ
CO
C U O Q. t
deg F
degC
3 EfL Z strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 Heat treatment stress. time.
CO in
% ksi 1 10 336 1000 10,000 ksi h
fe
to /> CO
Q H UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
1 49 Alloy 1060-H19 75 27.75 17.1 Tested in a loading frame.

3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 24 191.3 118. Gage section 7/16 in. (11 mm)
Rolled and drawn to the extra-hard ) diameter x 2-1/4 in. (57 mm) long.
condition. 75 27.5 17.05 14.8
24 189.6 117. 5 102.
75 26.5 16.4
24 182.7 113.
75 24.5 14.7
24 168.9 101.
75 23.5 15.25
24 162.0 105.
>
75 22.5 13.0
24 155.1 89.6
75 21.75 14.15
24 150.0 97.6
75 17.5 11.9 11.15 >
r
24 120.7 82.0 76.9 r
o
75 17.5 *11.7 Ki
CO
24 120.7 80.7
75 14.25 10.05
24 98.25 69.3
75 12.5 8.5
24 86.2 58.6
75 10.0 7.7
24 69.0 53.1
75 7.5 6.2 5.95
24 51.7 42.8 41.0
75 7.5 *5.95 4.85
24 51.7 41.0 33.4
75 5.0 4.6
24 34.5 31.7
75 2.5 2.35
[Concluded on next page]. 24 17.2 16.2
"3-3/8 in. (86 mm) gage length.
1060-H19
e
t
CO
3n
Chemical composition, % by wt. fe u. O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
1-8-8 -* Z
Mn Ni Mo Al O
O
49 99.6 75 30.8 25.8 13.
24 212.4 178.
212 26.1 20.5 16.
100 180. 141.
s
'300 26.1 17.2 17.5
149 180. 118.5 O

w
ca
CO
RJ
M
r
>
H
3
as
>
O
S3
W
s
M
2
S
>
1
oc-
CO
Held 1/2 h at temperature before testing.
fc_
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. S
0>
(A
3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
O
form and size, history of material. ? s. E
3 . CM
8 ksi
C
=5 E z Pre- MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
jj -o -a .2 W strain stress. stress. time.
8 Heat treatment
CD
s M % ksi 1 10 336 1000 10,000 ksi h 2
S a 0}
1- m MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
1 49 Alloy 1060-H19. 212 9.5 2.45 T ests using a loading frame.

100 65.5 16.9 Gage length 2-1/4 in. (57 mm) x
[Conclusion]. 7/16 in. (11 mm) diameter.
212 7.5 2.5
100 51.7 17.2
212 5.0 1.4
100 34.5 9.6
212 3.5 1.45
100 24.1 10.0
300 10.0 2.55
149 69.0 17.6 >
f
300 4.75 0.55
149 32.8 3.8
2 120 1100 alloy. 75 1.0 6.3 5.0 4.8 4 Compression tests.

Grain refined by cold working and 24 43.4 34.5 33.1 Data have been scaled from a plot
>
furnace annealing.
Prestrained in compression by the 75 4.9 10.3 7.6 7.5 2
amount indicated under "Initial
24 71.0 52.4 51.7
9w
Prestrain". 75 9.5 12.2 10.0 9.7 3
24 84.1 69.0 66.9
75 13.9 13.8 10.4 10.1 3
Com- 24 95.2
pression
71.7 69.6
75 18.1 14.8 10.9
24 102.0 75.2
3 120 High-purity aluminum. 75 9.5 8.5 1.85 ( 1.7) Compression tests.

Grain refined by cold working and 24 58.6 12.8 (11.7) Data have been scaled from a plot
furnace annealing.
75 13.9 9.6 6.15 (5.45)
Prestrained in compression by the
amount indicated under "Initial 24 66.2 42.4 (37.6)
Prestrain". 75 18.1 10.5 7.8 (7.1)
24 72.4 53.8 (49. 0)
2014
Q
C
S
n
f to
Chemical composition, % by wt. & Li- o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

c ._ E
c S > mm o
I* a * Z
o * i-i
Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti
73 '[0.50 1.0 3.9 0.40 0.2 0.10 0.25 0.15] 8

to to to to
1.2 5.0 1.2 0.8
>
3
O
1
M
CO
P

w
F
>
>
3a
49 *[0.8 4.4 0.8 0.4] 75 70.4 66.4 12. w
24 485.4 458.
'212 64.2 62.4 13.5
100 442.6 430.
'300 59.7 57.1 14.5
149 411.6 394.
'350 53.6 52.4 15.5
>
F
177 369.6 361. oF
"Composition limits. "Nominal composition. Held 1/2 h at temperature before testing.
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 3
3 . M Initial
Residual stress,
Final
O
3 01
ksi (0
C 8.U.CJ
[5 3 MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a Heat treatment 5 TO -5 strain. stress. time.
<0
VI
% ksi 1 48 240 960 10,000 ksi h to
a
s
CO <0 M
CO
O Ul MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
4 73 2014-T6 sheet. 75 33.60 33.52 24 Tests on strips 4 in. (102 mm)

Specimens sampled transverse to 24 231.7 231.1 long x 0. 5 in. (12.7 mm) wide x
rolling direction; 0.020 in. (0. 5 mm) thick, bent to
Ground equally from both sides to a 75 33. 70 33.67 24 constant radius of curvature
thickness approximately 0.010 in. 24 232. 4 232.1 around a 3.12 in. (79.25 mm) dia.
(0.25 mm) greater than desired 75 33.80 33.75 24 mandrel; Held in that position for
finish dimension; 24 233.0 232.7 the duration of the relaxation
Etched at 110 F(43 C) in 100 g NaOK period.
per 500 ml water; 100 33.60 33.50 24
Smut removed with 10% HNOg in 38 231.7 231.0
water; 100 33.70 33.62 24
Stress relieved 1 h at 400 F(205C), 38 232.4 231.8 >
furnace cool.
100 33.80 33.70 24 a
38 233.0 232.4
200 33.80 32.67 72
93 233.0 225.3 >
f
200 33.80 32.60 72
93 233.0 224.8
o
200 33.90 32.70 72
93 233.7 225.5
5 49 Alloy 2014-T651 75 66.4 62.1 60.3 59.8 57.2 2400 Specimens 7/16 in. (11 mm) dia.
Plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 24 457.8 428. 416. 412. 394. Residual stresses have been
Specimens sampled parallel to the scaled from a plot.
rolling direction. 75 46.3 45.6 45.3 45.2 44.3 43.6 2400
24 319.2 314.5 312. 311.5 305.5 300.5
75 39.8 39.4 38.4 38.8 37.7 37.2
24 274.4 272. 265. 267.5 260. 256.5
75 33.2 32.6 32.2 32.6 32.4 32.2 2400
24 228.9 225. 222. 225. 223. 222.
212 43.7 41.9 38.9 37.7 36.1 33.9 2400
100 301.3 289. 268. 260. 249. 234.
212 37.4 35.7 34.1 32.5 31.6 28.1
100 257.9 246. 235. 224. 218. 194.
1 Concluded on next page]
2024
Q
2
a
2
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. 5! M
8 ( -* Z -* z
TO
re
s i-I
S D Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
O
5 49
-i
>
S
O
CO

M
CO
CO
i

M
O
400 53.5 47.0 15. 40.
204 368.9 324.
K >
3w
w
S
2
s>
f
f
o
CO
Test temperature,
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ N
ksi CB
3 O ^ S3 C
C
degF
degC
3 E z strain, MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!s 8 o ? CD stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment

U
M
% ksi 1 *10 100 *1000 10,000 ksi h S
s(D Q
JO
5 49 Alloy 2014-T651 212 31.2 30.0 29.6 28.2 27.9

100 215.1 207. 204. 194.5 192.5
[Conclusion].
300 40.0 35.7 31.3 29.3 25.9
149 275.8 246. 216. 202. 178.5
300 34.3 30.6 27.8 25.3 21.7 13.8
149 236.5 211. 192. 174.5 149.5 95.
300 28.6 26.6 23.8 21.5 17.1 13.9 2400
149 197.2 183.5 164. 148. 118. 96.
350 36.7 31.1 21.9 18.9 13.8 9.9 2400
177 253.0 214.5 151. 130. 95. 68. >
350 31.4 27.6 16.8 10.2 2400
177 216.5 190. 116. 70.
350 26.2 22.6 16.0 14.8 11.1
177 180.6 156. 110. 102. 76.5
>
f
6 K 2024-T4 bar 400 9.6 40.0 31.5 20.5 f
3/4 In. (19 mm) diameter. 204 66.2 275.8 217. 141. o
Hold 1 h in a salt bath at 920 F
(495 C), water quench;
Age 4 days at 75-80 F( 24-27 C).
7 K 2024 bar, same material as above. 400 40.0 27.8 (16.5) 15.9 8.5
Strain plastically 1. 9% at 400 F 204 275.8 192. (114.) 109.6
(204 C), by momentary loading to
50 ksi ( 345 MN/m').
8 X 2024-T4 Room 64.5 63. 63. 62.5 62. Step-down tests.

3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 445. 434. 434. 431. 427.5 Initial stress was 100% of the 0. 2%
rod. offset yield strength at the test
150 63.5 63. 63. 62.5 61.5 temperature.
66 438. 434. 434. 431. 424. Results have been scaled from a
250 60.0 57. 55.5 46.5 45. plot.
121 414. 393. 383. 321. 310.
400 53. 40. 28. 22.5 20.
204 365. 276. 193. 155. 138.
500 33. 11. 9. 3, 1.
* 48 h for Material No. 5 260 227.5 76. 62. 21.
"240 h for Material No. 5
*960 h for Material No. 5
2024
3003
1E 2
i a
ss
5?
it * .- E "5
0)
3 CM CO
C F CD
o g
s g -0 -a o> -* Z '
oQ.
* z
CO *>,
^p '** ^
ac
3
CD
"o
8 c ci 6
M
n o o
S Fe O
CO
Q Si Cu Mn Zn Mo V P S UJ
9 AB Room 85.7 71.1 11. 13. Tensile specimens were held 0. 5 h at
591. 490. test temperature before testing. o
o
212 80.4 67.5 13. 16.
100 554. 465.
300 72.9 61.3 14.5 24.
149 H
503. 423.
5
2;
350 70.7 58.7 14.5 27.
177 487. 405. o*j
ca
400 60.6 56.9 13.5 37. H
204 418. 392. 3)
M
CO
450 44.6 41.1 18. 50. SP
232 308. 283. W
M
500 35.7 32.5 21.5 59. tr1
>
260 246. 224.
5
2!
>
3
10 45 *[0.6 0.7 0.20 l.Oto 0.10
1.5 I
Si
M
a
W
>
r1
t-
o
!
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
O form and size, history of material. ksi
GN/m2
3 u
106psi
C
deg F
MN/m2
degC
a
.Is s
(0
Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
(D M % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
2
JO
Q
9 AB 2024-T4 Room 71.1 66. 65. 64. 63 Stressing-frame method.

3/4 In. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 490. 455. 448. 441. 434. Initial stress was 100% or 60% of
rod. the yield strength at the test
Room 42.7 42. 41.8 41.5 41.2 2400 temperature.
Same lot as Material No. 8.
294. 290. 288. 286. 284. Results have been scaled from a
212 67.5 61. 58. 56. 45. plot.
100 465. 421. 400. 386. 310.
212 40.5 38.6 37.9 37.2 36.3 2400
100 279. 266. 261. 256.5 250.
300 61.3 48. 34. 27. 22.
149 423. 331. 234. 186. 152. >
300 36.8 31.7 30.8 27.0 19.6 2400
149 254. 219. 212. 186. 135. 5
400 56.9 22. 18. 12. 7.5
204 392. 152. 124. 83. 52.
>
400 34.1 19.5 16.2 11.8 6.5 2400
204 235. 134. 112. 76. 45. O
500 32.5 12. 5.5 1. 0 TO
260 224. 83. 38. 7. 0
500 19.5 5.8 2.9 1.7 0.8 2400
260 134. 40. 20. 12. 5.5
10 45 Alloy 3003-O (Annealed) Room 10.3 "8.0 6.85 6.45 6.45 250 Tension loading of a thin-wall tube
71.6 55.2 47.2 44.5 44.5 Gage section 1. 000 in. (25.4 mm)
I. D. x 0.050 or 0. 075 in. (1.3 or
1. 9 mm) wall thickness.
Room *5.12 4.5 4.2 4.0 250 Relaxation of shear stress in pure
35.3 31.0 29.0 27.6 torsion of thin-wall tube.
Room
B
3.025 2.4 1.85 Relaxation of axial tension under
20.9 16.5 12.8 combined tension and torsion with
SY/Si = -0.5
Axial strain and principal-stress
ratio maintained constant.
" Axial tension * Shear stress in torsion.
5052
5083
6061

S .- E
g -a -o , -* z
s oa * ri
s Si Cu Mn Mg Cr Ni Zn Ti Pb Al
O
O
li 55 '[2.5 0.25 Bal. ais
ii
>
8
O
CO
12 131 0.13 0.25 0.09 0.75 4.53 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.01 Room 51.7 39.3 15.8 ft)
356. 271. M
CO
CQ
I
ft!
M
F
>
13
>
3
H
ft)
s>
I(
F
f
o
CO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. ^3 Residual stress. o
3 0)
u form and size, history of material. ksi 3
C o Q-.C
c a> E* z
Total MN/m2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
3 strain. stress. stress. time.
Heat treatment g "O "5 o CD
eg
ro M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
fe
IA CO CO
a 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
11 55 5052-H sheet. 257 < 26.85 17.6 12.7 10.0 50 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930 F (500C), air cool. 125 185.1 121. 87.5 69. 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6.4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
302 26.85 11.9 8.3 6.7 50 Data have been scaled from a plot.
150 185.1 82. 57. 46.
347 I
26.85 7.4
175 185.1 51.
12 131 5083-H111 77 0.317 26.7 26.1 26.0 26.0 25.9 Relaxation of compression stress
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 25 184.1 180.0 179.3 179.3 178.6 in cylinder 2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm) long,
with ends ground flat and parallel
77 0.327 30.2 29.4 29.1 28.7 28.2 (+
0. 0001 in.)
Com- 25 208.2 202.7 200.6 197.9 194.4 >
pression Extensometer precision about 10
250 D.3045 21.6 19.9 18.1 17.2 15.2 microinches/ inch. a
121 148.9 137.2 124.8 118.6 104.8 Manual load reductions.
250 ).3025 24.75 22.6 20.4 18.9 16.8
121 170.6 155.8 140.6 130.3 115.8 >
t-1
13 X 6061-T6511 Room 40.0 37.5 37.2 37. 36.5 F
Step-down tests. o
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 276. 256. 256. 255. 252. Initial stress was 100% of the 0. 2% en
rod. offset yield strength at the test
150 39.2 36. 35.5 35. 34.
56 270. 248. temperature.
245. 241. 234.
Results have heen scaled from a
250 38.0 33.5 33. 32.5 32. plot.
121 262. 231. 228. 224. 221.
400 33.0 27. 19.5 14.5 10.5
204 228. 186. 134. 100. 72.
500 26.0 11. 7.5 5. 2.5
260 179. 76. 52. 34. 17.
'Stresses are the maximum bending stress in a beam.
6061
6101
e
E B
Chemical composition, % by wt. s Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
a._ E E ._ E
2> > o -* Z o
I** =5 S -
i
2 Si Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Be
O
O
14 AB Room 43.9 40.1 19.2 63. Tensile specimens were held 0. 5 h at test
303. 276. temperature before testing.
212 40.8 38.1 20.0 63.
100 281. 263.
oz
ii
300 37.6 36.2 22. 68.

149 259. 250. o
W
350 35.2 34.4 23.5 71. H
177 243. 237. W
M
ra
400 32.8 32.1 23. 73. m
204 226. 221.
450 28.3 27.6 23. 73.
232 195. 190.
500 23.4 22.3 20.5 56. H
I
260 161. 154. O
15 131 0.46 0.10 0.01 0.003 0.53 0.001 0.03 0.015 Room 35.5 35.5 15.5
245. 231.
>
a
>
c
o
CO
e" Residual stress. g
3 3
3 N Initial Final
a> form and size, history of material. ksi
tempera
3 0
CO
C
deg F
degC
t-fe z Total MN/m2
."2 s Heat treatment strain. stress. stress. time. 0
2 (11
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h (/>
sn CO
O
(A
*
CO
JO
LU
14 AB 6061-T6511 Room 40.1 39.5 38.9 37.8 36.7 Stressing-frame method.

3/4 In. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 276.5 272. 268. 261. 253. Initial stress was 100% or 60% of
Room 24.1 23.7 23.5 23.4 23.2 2400 temperature.
Same lot as Material No. 13. 166. 163. 162. 161. 160. Results have been scaled from a
212 38.1 34.9 33.5 32. 30.5 plot.
100 263. 241. 231. 221. 210.
212 22.9 22.2 21.7 21. 20.4 2400
100 158. 153. 150. 145. 141.
300 36.2 30.9 28.8 25. 21.
149 250. 213. 199. 172. 145. >
r
300 21.7 20.5 18.8 16.3 14. 2400 a
149 150. 141. 130. 112. 96.5
400 32.1 21. 16.5 12.4 8.6
204 221. 145. 114. 85. 59.
>
400 19.3 16.8 13. 9.6 6.5 2400 r
204 f
133. 116. 90. 66. 45. o
500 22.3 11.2 7.5 3.5 1.
260 154. 77. 52. 24. 7.
500 13.4 10.5 6. 2.7 0.8 2400
260 92. 72. 41. 19. 5.5
15 131 6101-T6 77 0.297 28.8 28.2 27.8 27.1 25.9 Relaxation of compression stress
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 25 198.6 194.4 191.7 186.8 178.6 in cylinder 2. 5 in. (63. 6 mm) long,
Aged 6 hat 400F(204C). with ends ground flat and parallel
Com- 77 0.301 25.41 25.3 25.0 24.6 23.9 (+ 0. 0001 in.)
pression 25 175.2 174.4 172.4 169.6 164.8
Extensometer precision was about
250 0.300 22.0 20.2 19.0 16.8 12.1 10 microinches/ inch.
121 151.7 139.3 131.0 115.8 83.4 Manual load reductions.
250 0.3065 24.35 21.6 20.0 17.6 12.2 10.85 1500
121 167.9 148.9 137.9 121.4 84.1 74.8
7039-T6
S
ara f
Chemical composition, % by wt. Li. (J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c ._ E >._ E
5o -I^ -*|
O v* --
E 0> * Z
=5 S
2 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
16 49 0.5 Room 67.4 58.5 12.5 O
12.7 464.7 403.
3.0 Room 65.95 56.85 11.
76. 454.7 392.
3
17 49 0.5 Room 68.45 59.55 11.5
o
12.7 471.9 410.5 CO
0.625 Room 67.65 58.25 13.

M
16. 466.4 388. Co
CO
i
1.5 Room 66.35 56.45 12. 50
389. M1
38. 457.5 r
2.0 Room 66.9 57.3 10.5
51. 461.3 395.
s
5
s
>
tr"1
tr
O
CO
Residual stress,
8."- " MN/m2
E SS strain, stress, stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment g ~a
% ksi 25 100 400 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
16 49 7039-T6 75 0.5 43. 42.8 42.4 41.0 48 Sampled in the long transverse
Plate 0. 5 to 3. 0 in. (13 to 76 mm) 24 12.7 302. 295. 292. 283. direction.
thick. Relaxation in a loading frame,
212 0.5 43. 39.4 36.2 34.7 30.2 29.9 800
using 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm) diameter
100 12.7 302. 272. 249.5 239. 208. 206.
specimens.
212 3.0 42.7 33.2 30.2 28.8 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
100 76. 294.4 229. 208. 198.5
17 49 7039-T6 E132 75 1.5 42.4 40.2 37.3 39.0 48 Sampled in the long transverse
Plate 0. 5 to 2. 0 in. (13 to 51 mm) 24 38. 292.3 277. 257. 269. direction.
thick. Relaxation in a loading frame,
212 0.5 44.7 34.6 31.4 29.7 800 using 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm) diameter >
100 12.7 308.2 238.5 216.5 205.
specimens. c!
212 0.625 43. 35.4 30.3 28.3 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
100 16. 301. 244. 209. 195.
212 1.5 42.4 37.2 34.0 32.4 29.8
100 38. 292.3 256.5 234.5 223. 205.5
>
212 2.0 43.0 34.6 30.7 29.0
100 51. 296.5 238.5 212. 200.
800
9
7075-T73
s
e
S
i
Chemical composition, % by wt. 3 u. o b .- E ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o * >.- E
g -S -o > * Z
o
S Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
O
18 AB Room 76.9 68.5 11.5 34. Tensile specimens were held 0. 5 h at test
530. 472. temperature before testing.
>
s
212 68.8 64.7 15. 42.
100 474. 446.
300 57.3 54.3 21. 53. O
149 395. 374. *l
CO
H
350 49.8 46.8 25.5 63.
177 343. 323. W
CO
CO
400 39.0 35.9 25.5 74. W
I
204 269. 248. M

r
450 28.7 26.7 25. 79. >
232 198. 184.
500 20.4 18.2 33. 86. s2!
260 141. 125.
19 >
s
a
>
c-1
9co
1E s
temperature,
(A
3 Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final a
3 ._ ~
3 u
CO form and size, history of material. o a E ksi CO
C

deg F
degC
.Is Heat treatment oSffl strain. stress,, stress. time.
ra % ksi * 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
a
&
CO CO
Q 1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ul
18 AB 7075-T73 Room 68.5 63.5 61. 56.5 55. Stressing-frame method.

3/4 In. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 472. 438. 421. 390. 379. Initial stress was 100% or 60% of
Room 41.1 40. 39.8 39.7 39.3
temperature.
283. 276. 274.5 274. 271.
212 64.7 52.5 46.5 43. 38.5 plot.
100 446. 362. 321. 296. 265.
212 38.8 36.5 35. 32.7 30.
100 268. 252. 241. 226. 207.
300 54.3 38. 29.5 21. 13.
149 374. 262. 203. 145. 90.
>
300 32.6 27.5 22.2 17.3 13.4
149 225. 190. 153. 119. 92. a
400 35.9 18. 10.5 6.5 3.5
204 248. 124. 72. 45. 24.
400 21.5 14.6 9.9 5.9 3.3 >
204 148. 101. 68. 41. 23.
o
500 18.2 7. 3.5 1.5 0.5 Ul
260 125. 48. 24. 10. 3.4
500 10.9 4.6 3.4 2.2 1.0
260 75. 32. 23. 15. 7.
19 X 7075-T73 Room 70.0 63. 61.2 58.5 55. Step-down tests.

3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 483. 434. 422. 403. 379. Initial stress was 100% of the
rod. 0.2% offset yield strength at the
Same lot as Material No. 18. 150 68.0 61. 52.5 49. 47.5 test temperature.
56 469. 421. 362. 338. 328. Results have been scaled from a
250 62.0 40.2 35.8 29. 20.5 plot.
121 427.5 277. 247. 200. 141.
400 41.0 22.9 16. 12.4 10.0
204 283. 158. 110. 85.5 69.
500 20.0 9.2 5.5 3.0 1.0
260 138. 63. 38. 21. 7.0
7075-T 7351
E
S
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. U. O Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
._ E
ri
2>
E o ai
| -o -o
=5 S o *
Cu Mg Cr Zn Ni Mo O
O
49 *[1.6 2.5 0.3 5.6] Room 67.7 55.1 10.3
466.8 380.
Room 63.2 53.8 3.1
435.7 371. s
O
*i
a
H
W
CO
I
S>
H1
r
>
as;
M
M
a
a>
r1
t-
o
!
CO
"Nominal composition. *Long transverse direction. "Short transverse direction.
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
3 ._ N Initial Final u
3 form and size, history of material. ksi (0
u oE a-.fc
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3 ?, z strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment
re s M
CO % ksi 2 20 200 2,000 10,000 ksi h n
S
(D
a Ui MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
20 49 7075-T7351 Room 0.58 60.0 57.1 56.2 52.5 51.1 Specimens had been prestressed
Plate 2. 5 In. (63. 5 mm) thick 413.7 394. 387.5 362. 352. in a universal testing machine to
Fully aged + stress relieved. the desired initial stress and im-
Room 60.0 55.4 52.8 mediately unloaded, prior to being
413.7 382. 364. placed in a loading frame for the
Room 0.52 53.7 50.9 50.6 49.1 48.9 relaxation test.
370.2 351. 349. 338.5 337. Specimens were 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm)
diameter.
Room 53.7 50.9
370.2 351.
Room 53.7 48.1
370.2 331.5 >
Room 0.46 47.4 45.6 44.8 44.6 43.6 c!
326.8 314.5 309. 307.5 300. 5
Room 47.4 42.6
326.8 294.
>
Room 47.4 44.7 f
326.8 308. O
K!
Room 0.40 40.8 37.6 40.1 TO
281.3 259. 276.5
Room 0.39 40.5 39.9 38.6
279.2 275. 266.
Room 0.26 26.9 26.5 26.3 25.8 25.4
185.5 183. 181. 178. 175.
Room 0.17 17.8 17.3 17.3 17.8 17.1
122.7 119. 119. 123. 118.
Room 0.105 10.8 10.8 10.3 10.5
74.5 74.5 71. 72.5
Cast 122
S
a
2
f
v 2 .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ri
O w
o ^
Fe Cu Mg Al Ni Mo
O
21 55 '[1.2 10. 0.2 Bal.] O
8
o
"I
CO
H
SO
M
ca
ca
i
SO
M
F
>
>
3
so
M
SO
s>
oF
CO
j
temperature,
Residual stress, o
E O form and size, history of material. 3 ._ CM
u
3 ^
o a c
a.E ksi M
C
deg F
degC
3 S z MN/m2 stress. .2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S strain. stress, time.
Heat treatment .2 o u
ra ra M
O
to % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h CO
Q MN/m2 h h h h h Ul
1- UJ
MN/m2
21 55 Cast 122 alloy. 437 34.02 18.7 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930F(500C), air cool. 225 234.6 129. 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6.4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 30.78 17.0 10.7 Data have been scaled from a plot
225 212.2 117. 74.
437 26.28 14.4 9.5
225 181.2 99. 65.5
437 20.00 10.7 6.0
225 137.9 74. 41.5
437 14.05 10.3 8.3 4.8
225 96.9 71. 57. 33.
>
437 9.96 6.7 4.2 a
225 68.7 46. 29.
437 7.36 4.2 2.5
225 50.7 29. 17.
437 7.00 5.4 4.0 2.4 >
f
225 48.3 37. 27.5 16.5
o
437 4.01 2.1 1.1 CO
225 27.6 14.5 7.5
482 14.02 8.4 5.4 ( 1.0)
250 96.7 58. 37. ( 7. )
482 10.08 3.5
250 69.5 24.
482 7.35 2.3
250 50.7 16.
482 7.00 4.2 2.55
250 48.3 29. 17.5
482 4.00 1.7
250 27.6 12.
A132
195
356

t
Chemical composition, % by wt. S - GO
I*
N
>._ E
I' a * Z -* Z
o S
S Si Cu Mg Ni Al
O
22 55 '[12. 0.8 0.8 1.6 2.5 Bal. O
F
>
3
o
1/1
H
a
23 55 [4. Bal.]
w


170.6 67. in
s
H
M
2
25 55 Room 25.75 *10. 10.8
177.5 75. >
F
F
o
(/I
"Nominal composition. *0. 02% Offset yield strength.
1E
Test temperature,
Re sidual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Q
Initial Final u
GN/m2
V (O
106 psi
3 O
C
deg F
degC
2
3 MN/m Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
CO
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V)
.2
2
(0
22 55 Cast A132 alloy. 437 14.0 8.3 5.4 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930F(500C), air cool. 225 96.5 57. 37. 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6.4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 4.2 2.7 1.1 Data have been scaled from a plot.
225 48.3 29. 18.5 7.6
482 14.0 5.3 2.7
225 96.5 36.5 18.5
482 7.0 2.6 1.2
250 48.3 18. 8.3
23 55 Cast 195 alloy. 437 14.0 8.0 ( 1.8) Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930F(500C), air cool. 225 96.5 55. (12.5) 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6.4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
435 7.0 4.7 Data have been scaled from a plot.
225 48.3 32.5
482 14.0 2.6
250 96.5 18.
>
482 7.0 2.6 f
f
250 48.3 18. o
en
24 55 Cast 356 alloy. 437 14.0 8.5 5.6 2.9 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930F(500C), air cool. 225 96.5 58.5 38.5 20. 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6. 4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 3.8 2.5 ( 1.3)
225 Data have been scaled from a plot.
48.3 26. 17. ( 9.0)
482 14.0 5.4 2.8
250 96.5 37. 19.
482 7.0 2.6 1.2
250 48.3 18. 8.3
25 55 Cast 356 alloy. 437 14.0 6.8 4.0 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
1000 F( 540C), 2h, quench in 250 96.5 47. 27.5 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6.4
boiling water. mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 3.2 1.8 Data have been scaled from a plot.
250 48.3 22. 12.4
482 14.0 4.2
250 96.5 29.
482 7,0 1,8
250 48.3 12.4
RR59
s
s
Chemical composition, % by wt. ss u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
2 ._KIN.
O
E >._ E
-6 -a
g
o
CL
2
2 s
s Si Cu Mg Ni Al
o
26 53 *[1.3 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.02 Bal.
max, to to to to max.
1.5 3. 1.8 1.5
>
s
o
*f
w
H
W
M
w

>
2!
M
M
3
>
f
f
o
e Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 Initial Final
Torsion Tension MN/m2
stress, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment g "8 -8 ,s *
ksi ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s MN/m2 MN/m2 h h h h MN/m2
26 53 Alloy RR59 392 8.96 8.0 7.3 7.08 164 Residual torsion stresses.
Cast billet 18 in. (475 mm) long x 200 61.8 55.0 50.0 48.8 Tubes 0. 5 in. (12.7 mm) I. D. x
12 in. (305 mm) diameter. 392 8.96 0.02 in. (0. 5 mm) wall thickness.
3.6 7.9 7.44 52 Torsion strain automatically held
200 61.8 24.7 54.5 51.3
982 F( 528 C ), 8 h, quench in boiling constant by proportional decrease
water; 392 8.96 7.2 7.35 6.4 6.18 175 in torsion and tension loads.
Cool and hold at room temperature 200 61.8 49.4 50.7 44.0 42.6 Results have been scaled from a
for 24 h; plot of torsion stress vs. time.
340F(170C), 16h, air cool. 392 6.72 6.14 5.58 5.44 156
200 46.3 42.3 38.5 37.5
392 6.72 2.69 6.00 5.60 5.44 168
200 46.3 18.5 41.4 38.6 37.5
392 F
7.35 5.87 6.61 6.23 48
200 50.7 40.5 45.6 42.9 5
392 6.72 10.08 6.00 5.24 5.06 169
200 46.3 99.5 41.4 36.1 34.9
>
F
F
o
03
Soviet Types

Chemical composition, % by wt. E

|V * .- E ._ E
o <
2 t *i
a * Z
=5 o
a
2
"I
Mg Zn Al Cr Ni Mo
O
13 *f5.8 Bal. O
27 Room 27.
187.
P>
s
O
*J
t/>
H
SO
M
28 13 *[1.8 5.0 Bal. Room 52.5

CO
i
JO
362. M
r
>
s
a
>
>
fa
H
W
>
r
t-1
o
en
Residual stress,
6 a.=
E z strain. stress,
MN/m2
time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment
ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m- h h h h MN/m2
27 13 Soviet alloy AM 284 26.1 21.5 18.1 16.0 32 Results have been scaled from a
140 180. 148. 125. 110. plot of residual stress vs. time.
320 26.1 18.9 13.9 9.4 32
160 180. 130. 96. 65.
356 26.1 12.3 7.0 3.3 32
180 180. 85. 48. 23.
392 26.1 7.7 3.9 0.9 32
200 180. 53. 27.
28 13 Soviet alloy ATsM 284 52.2 37.0 32.6 31.2 32 Results have been scaled from a
140 360. 255. 225. 215. plot of residual stress vs. time. >
r
320 52.2 33.4 28.3 24.7 32
160 360. 230. 195. 170.
356 52.2 29. 21.0 16.0 32
180 360. 200. 145. 110.
392 52.2 21.8 13.8 10.2 32 F
200 360. 150. 95. 70.
o
K!
CG
o
O
>
I(
o
1060-H19 336 hours All Material No. 1 o
H

/ M
o C-1
/ o >
16
o
o
o
o
O
>
>
4/
f
o
o
in
O w
50 "5 Temperature, s
i
D II
o
. 21
f *C M
M

f O
75 24
a2!
212 100
s O
300 149 >
f
A O
K!
/ m m MN/m' CO
50 100 150
1 i i
16 24
Initial stress, ksi
ALUMINUM ALLOYS 523
2014-T 651 All Material No. 5 960 hours
60
240 h
/ o
._ 40
v$
s
E
Z
/o

_ 200 .fc

O
3 Ii.
o
* 3 Temperature
A
at 20 C
O
A 75 24
* - 212 100
A 300 149
*
* 350 177
0 '
20 40 60
Initial stress, ksi
Relaxation by step-down vs. stressing-frame methods from yield stress at test temperature
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
9 a 8 14 13
98 * 9 8 9 8 ! 13 14 13 13 14
14 13 14
13 14
8 8,8, 9 * 14 13 13
9
13 14 o
I 14
13 14 o
S
3
r
0 >
H
* * 8
60 60 z
o - o
co
# H
3)
M
50
E M
F
* Z >
40 40 5
>
o
c
o 3 >
"5 "3! o
50
a ir
e
M
Of
z
20 20 w
i M
o
2
- o
202' r-T4 6061-T6511 >
F
F
o
4
1 *
o
J
1
0 100 C 200 100C
n 1 i _l
100 300 500 100 300 500
Temperature,F Temperature/F
1819 n 19
W 18 18 , ,8
W
' 18 19 18 ,9

60
*
ft
* o
>
-
Z
40

* >
r
O
3 Relaxation method
9
c
200 o CO
3 Step-down Stressing frame

"3!
"3! 10 h:
O
1,000 h: *
20 *
*f
< -
707! 5-T73
1 1
1 c
0 200
100 c r
100 300 500
Temperature, F
Copper Alloys
Data are presented in tabular form only. Types of alloys are listed below, together with an indication
of test methods employed:
Matl. No. Type of stress or relaxation method

1-4 Copper wire: annealed or prestrained at RT Tension
5-7 "High-purity" copper: prestrained in compression Compression
8 OFHC copper: annealed; prestrained 8% Tension
9 High-purity copper wire: annealed; simulated wrapping Frequency method.
10 Cadmium copper wire: annealed; simulated wrapping Frequency method
11 Electrolytic tough pitch copper wire: annealed Frequency method
12 Electrolytic tough pitch copper wire: silver plated; ann. Frequency method.
13 Soviet grade M 2: annealed Tension vs. bending.
14-15 Commercially-pure copper: annealed Tension: manual vs. automatic control;
Tension plus torsion
16-17 Soviet beryllium bronze Br B 2: Solution treated + aged Tension vs. bending.
18-19 Phosphor bronze wire, Alloy A: spring temper Wire loop vs. frequency method;
Cantilever bend method.
20 Phosphor bronze wire, Alloy A: mechanical straighten-
ing plus stress relief. Cantilever bend method
21 80Cu - 20 Ni wire: spring temper Loop bending method.
22 89 Cu - 9 Ni - 2 Sn: spring temper Loop bending method.
23-24 88 Cu - 10 Ni - 2Sn: spring temper Cantilever bending.
25 Nickel silver, Alloy 8: extra hard Cantilever bending.
26 Nickel silver CA 762: extra hard Cantilever bending.
27 Nickel silver, Alloy D: extra hard Cantilever bending.
28 Beryllium copper, ASTM B197: Condition 1/2 HT Cantilever bending.
29 CA 172 (TH04): cold rolled plus aged. Bending.
30. Cu - 4Ni - 4Sn: cold rolled plus aged Bending.
31 Cu - 9 Ni - 6 Sn: cold rolled plus aged Bending.
32 Cu - 15 Ni - 8 Sn: cold rolled plus aged. Bending.
527
Chemical composition, % by wt. LL (J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
*</!
-x Z
S
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
1 17 The copper was not entirely oxygen-free. O
%
ti
F
>
H
3
o
B
CO
a
i-3
B
CO
CO

B
F
>
>
B
O
SJ
B
B
B
B
>
F
F
O
K!
CO
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
0
ure
GN/m2
o
106 psi
C
deg F
degC
stress, MN/m2 stress,
>
S Heat treatment strain, time, ]o
n> re
ra % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h mw)
1 17 Hard-drawn copper wire, 0.204 in. Room 16.60 29.2 25.7 24.2 22.7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
(5.2 mm) diameter. 201.3 177.2 166.8 156.5 mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
Annealed 1060 F( 570 C), 2h, in a Room 14.52 27.2 23.9 22.4 20.8 diameter.
hydrogen atmosphere.
187.5 164.8 154.4 143.4
Room 10.46 23.4 20.6 19.6 18.4
161.3 142. 135. 127.
Room 8.56 21.95 19.2 18.1
151.3 132. 5 125.
Room 7.62 19.85 17.6 16.8 16.0
136.9 121. 116. 110.
Room 7.11 19.33 17.0 16.2 o
o
133.3 117. 112.
Room 5.13 17.2 15.3 14.6 13.8 w
118.6 105.5 101. 95.
>
Room 4.58 15.66 13.7 13.0 f
f
108.0 94.5 89.6 o
!
Room 3.85 14.04 12.4 11.7
CO
96.8 85. 5 80.7

Room 2.43 11.86 10.5 10.1
81.8 72.4 69.6
Room 1.62 9.75 8.6 8.2
67.2 59.3 56.5
Room 1.32 8.61 7.6 7.2 6.8
59.4 52.4 49.6 46.9
Room 0.75 7.45 6.5 5.3
51.4 44.8 36.5
Q
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o S .- E c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

i * Z
O * o
8
re 2 O ^
Q Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
sid
P
>
o
a:
o
n
50
M
co
M
F
>
S
55
17
>
17
a
a>
F
oF
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
GN/m2
(0
106 psi
3
C u
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3
stress, stress,
>
a Heat treatment strain, time,
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
CO
IA
to CD
2 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 3.85 14.04 12.4 11.7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
Prestretched 3. 23% at room tem- 96.8 85.5 80.7 mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
perature. diameter.
Room 3.42 13.20 11.9 11.3
91.0 82.0 77.9
Room 3.47 12.26 11.2 10.8
84.5 77.2 74.5
Room 3.11 10.03 9.4 9.0
69.2 64.8 62.1
Room 3.29 7.83 7.5 7.2
54.0 51.7 49.6
o
Room 3.27 5.46 5.3 5.1 o
37.6 36.5 35.2
M
Room 3.25 3.43 3.3 3.1
23.6 22.8 21.4 >
f
Specimen gage section 20 in. ( 508 f
3 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 11.62 19.79 18.5 17.6 O
Prestretched 11. 47% at room 136.4 127.5 121. mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm) K!
CO
temperature. diameter.
Room 11.57 14.75 14.0 13.5
101.7 96.5 93.
Room 11.52 7.94 7.6 7.3
54.7 52.4 50.5
4 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 15.39 31.0 27.4 26.2 24.7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
Annealed 1200 F( 650 C), 3/4 h in 213.7 189. 181. 170. mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
nitrogen; diameter.
Prestretched 4, 7, 10, or 17% at Room 10.42 25.3 22.2 21.3
room temperature before testing 174.4 153. 147.
for relaxation. Room 7.62 19.85 17.7 16.8 16.0
136.9 122. 116. 110.
Room 10.46 15.25 14.8 14.3
105.1 102. 98.6
Room 4.52 15.85 14.2 13.6
109.3 97.9 93.8
[Concluded on next page].
E o -* Z -* z
5 S s
5 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo V
O
4 17
o
g
o
O
SO
M
t/i
TOi
S>
M
F
>
>
>
F
F
o
!
TO
1E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, 3 J3 Initial
Residual stress,
Final
o
u
3 o> form and size, history of material. n 3 ._ CM
ksi re
3
8."- o a
MN/m2 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
CO
8 Heat treatment
c a
o (3 stress. stress.
3 "D "O
4) re
re % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h to
s Q V
1-
m
LiJ
MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 ill
4 17 [Conclusion]. Room 14.81 14. 18 13.7 13.4 12.9

97.8 94.5 92. 89.
Room 3.95 12.07 11.5 11.1
83.2 79.5 76.5
356 10.9 22.1 15.7 13.5
180 152.4 108. 93.
356 7.45 19.2 14.4 12.4 9.6
180 132.4 99. 85.5 66.
356 9.92 16.19 14.2 12.2
180 111.6 98. 84.
o
356 7.57 14.94 12.8 10.9 o
180 103.0 88. 75. Id
3 56 4.47 13.8 10.4 M
9.2
180 95.1 71.7 63.4 >
356 3.99 12.2 10.2 8.9 6.4
r
180 84.1 70.3 61.4 44.1 o
!
CO
428 7.49 18.1 12.4 9.8 6.6
220 124.8 85.5 67.7 45.5
514 7.49 16.18 8.6 5.9 2.7
268 111.6 59.3 40.7 18.6
572 7.49 15.28 8.0 4.2 1.8
300 105.4 55.2 29.0 12.4
626 15.40 19.8 6.0 0.6
330 136.5 41.4 4.1
626 7.49 14.35 6.3 3.0 0.9
330 98.9 43.4 20.7 6.2
626 4.47 11.2 5.2 2.6 0.9
330 77.2 35.9 17.9 6.2
626 15.39 8.46 4.8 0.1
330 58.3 33.1 0.7
626 4.47 8.36 4.9 2.5
330 57.6 33.8 17.2
t
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. u Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
o
5 S o ^ -i
Cu Cd Cr Ni Mo o
O
120 S
H
s
120
O
CO
50
120 M
gI

26 Hardness: Vickers 49.
>
40 99.99+ Room 32.9 11.3 18.3 '30.8 to
226.8 77.9 126.2
M
W
I<
>
F
f
9
CO
10 40 0.015 Room 44.5 "23.2 39.0 12.9
306.8 160. 269.
"0. 01% Offset yield strength. *%/10 in. (254 mm).

3 v>
ji
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
w
o
3 u form and size, history of material. CO 3 . N
ksi CO
C O Q. t
."2 E S 2 strain. stress, stress. time.
Si Heat treatment g -o -g
%
03
ra
(A ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tn
s
(0 w JO
o CU
1- UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
5 120 "High purity" copper. 75 24.7 18.2 ( 17.4 ) Relaxation of compression.

Grain refined by cold working, plus 24 170.3 125.5 (120.) Data have been scaled from a plot.
furnace annealing.
Prestrained 9. 5% in compression.
6 120 Same as Material No. 5, but was 75 31.5 25.2 (24.2) Relaxation of compression.
prestrained 13. 9% in compression. 24 217.2 174. (167.) Data have been scaled from a plot.
7 120 Same as Material No. 5, but was 75 35.2 28.2 (26.2) Relaxation of compression.
prestrained 18.1% in compression 24 242.7 194.5 (180.5 ) Data have been scaled from a plot.
o
8 26 Oxygen-free, high-conductivity. 329 13.5 11.4 10.2 8.2 5.5 o
0. 2 in. (5 mm) diameter. 165 93.1 78.6 70.3 56.5 37.9
Annealed 1 hat 930 F( 500 C ), in 329 10.7 9.2 8.2 6.6
a
nitrogen passed over hot copper to
165 73.8 63.4 56.5 45.5 >
chips and activated alumina, to f
remove moisture and oxygen. 455 8.33 6.8 5.4 3.0 1.0 f
Prestretched to 8% strain (about 235 57.4 46.9 37.2 20.7 6.9 o
23. 5 ksi [162 MN/m2]) before test. 03
9 40 High-purity wire 0. 0201 in. (0. 51 76 13.6 10.0 8.1 7.2 6.5 30,000 Tested by frequency method.
mm) diameter. Annealed. 24 93.8 68.9 55.8 49.6 44.8
Tested after simulated wrapping: 76 5.0 4.0 3. 5 3. 5 30,000
Draw under 2. 87 lbm (1.3 kg) load 24 34. 5 27.6 24.1 24.1
over a steel mandrel with 0. 017 in.
(0.43 mm) radius and 90 deg. angle
of contact between wire and mandrel
As the wire was pulled , it was ro-
tated about its own axis at a speed
which imparts two turns of twist per
inch of length.
10 40 Cadmium copper wire, 0. 0201 in. 76 15.0 10.0 8.4 7.5 7.2 30,000 Tested by frequency method.
(0. 51 mm) diameter. Annealed. 24 103.4 68.9 57.9 51.7 49.6
Tested after simulated wrapping
which imparted two twists per inch 76 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.0 30,000
of length. 24 34.5 31.7 29.6 27.6
CO
OS
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o = N

en oi .E
01 -* Z -5 z E
2
Mn Mo
O
O
11 40 Room 34.7 *15.1 28.8
239.2 104.
>
5
O
"d
co
W
CO
CO
12 40 Room 33.8 *15.5 24.6

233.0 107.
>
33
M
13 114
>
f
tr1
O
CO
"0. 01% Offset yield strength. %/10 In. (254 mm).
3E
temperature,
3 form and size, history of material. -3 -=~ ksi
CJ
to
C u 0 ^ >
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3 E z strain, stress. stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
."2 SI Heat treatment 0? a '0
(0
m % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h V>
(0
5
CO CD
Q
O
11 40 Electrolytic tough pitch copper wire 76 14.1 12.0 *8.4 6.9 30,000 Tested by frequency method.
0. 0201 in. (0. 51 mm) nominal dia- 24 97.2 82.7 57.9 47.6
meter.
Annealed. 76 10.0 *7.0 5.3 30,000
24 68.9 48.3 36.5
76 8.0 *5.3 4.6 30,000
24 55.2 36.5 31.7
76 6.0 *4.6 3.5 30,000
24 41.4 31.7 24.1
76 5.0 *4.0 3.1 30,000
24 34.5 27.6 21.4
n
O
12 40 Electrolytic tough pitch copper, 85 14.1 14.0 10.2 7.9 7.1 22,500 Tested by frequency method.
silver plated. 29 97.2 96.5 70.3 54.5 49.0 d
w
Wire, 0. 0201 in. (0. 51 mm) nominal w
diameter. 85 12.0 8.9 6.8 6.1 22,500 >
Annealed. 29 82.7 61.4 46.9 42.1 r
F
85 10.0 7.1 5.7 4.8 22,500 O
29 68.9 49.0 39.3 33.1
85 8.0 5.7 4.6 4.2 22,500
29 55.2 39.3 31.7 29.0
85 6.0 4.2 3.5 3.2 22,500
29 41.4 29.0 24.1 22.1
85 5.0 3.5 2.8 2.5 22,500
29 34.5 24.1 19.3 17.2
13 114 Soviet grade M2 Room 7.11 7.0 6.7 6.6 300 1.12 UMIP-10 tester; tension.
Vacuum annealed 1020 F( 550 C), 2h. 49.0 48.0 46.1 45.6 Gage section 0.20 in. (5 mm) dia.
x 3. 9 in. (100 mm) long.
Room 8.53 7.4 7.0 6.6 300 Oding ring method; bending.
58.8 51.0 48.0 45.6 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
*3,000 h.
Q
2
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. ju-o
CO N
>._ E
E jt * z * z
^ S S 2 S
S Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
14 47 s
d
II
s:
H
O
o
CO
H

M
GO
GO

15 47
o
>
O
50
2
>
f
co
GO
Initial stress, Residual stress. o
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3 Final
3
CO
ksi ksi (0
C U
S."-<->
3 MN/m2 MN/m2 stress. time. * Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Si Heat treatment jj -o -a
CO
U
1 5 10 1000 10,000 ksi h
S
M
CD T S h h h h
Q
1- h MN/m2 Lii
14 47 Commercially-pure copper. 482 7.84 6.27 5.44 4.97 3.47 50 Solid tension bars, 0.357 in. (9.1
Rolled bar, 1. 5 In. (38 mm) dla. 250 54.0 43.2 37.5 34.3 23.9 mm) gage diameter.
752F(400C), lh, furnace cool.
482 6.83 5.38 4.66 4.68 6.67 Manual load reduction.
250 47.1 37.1 32.1 32.3
482 6.54 5.33 4.59 3.37 30
250 45.1 36.8 31.7 23.3
482 5.98 4.75 4.14 3.04 30
250 41.2 32.7 28.6 21.0
482 7.84 5.99 5.26 5.26 3.36 50 Automatic strain control. o

250 54.0 41.3 36.3 32.4 23.2 o
id
15 47 Same lot as Material No. 14. 482 6.72 2.24 3.70 3.02 2.68 2.52 8.33 Thin-wall tubular specimens with M
250 W
752F(400C), lh, furnace cool. 46.3 15.4 25.5 20.8 18.5 17.4 0. 50 in. (12.7 mm) I. D. x 0.030
in. (0.76 mm) wall thickness. >
482 4.48 2.98 3.23 2.83 2.33 2.03 8.33 F
Shear strain maintained fixed by F
250 30.9 20.5 22.2 19.5 16.1 14.0 manual reduction of shear load, o
Ki
482 2.74 3.43 3.08 2.51 2.14 1.98 8.33 with axial load reduced in pro-
250 18.9 23.6 21.2 17.3 14.8 13.7 portion.
Residual stresses are given as
482 1.34 3.36 2.82 1.91 8.33 octahedral shear stress:
250 9.27 23.2 19.5 13.2
T
482 1.34 3.36 2.82 2.31 2.02 1.89 8.33 =Hp(T2 +3S2/2 .where
250 9.27 23.2 19.5 15.7 13.9 13.0
T = tensile stress;
S = torsion shear stress.
E
t o
Chemical composition, % by wt. x " Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
* - E >._ E
g .8 . * z x Z gSz
=5 S 2
Sn Mn Si Cr Mo
O
O
16 37 s
13
o
O
*J
17 37 CO
S3
M
tn
TO
33
M
f
>
18 37 5.
>
o
M
S3
>
F
o
CO
(A
_3 Residual stress. o
03 form and size, history of material. 11. O o o-^ ksi CO
c O
E* H strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment j) -D -D
stress. time.
CO
(ft % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:>
CD CO CO
Q r- 111 MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
16 37 Soviet beryllium bronze Br B2 Room 129.6 127.2 126.3 500 Test in tension.
Strips 0. 008 to 0. 022 in. (0. 2 to 0. 55 893.4 877.2 870.8 Data have been scaled from a plot.
mm) thick.
1435-1455F(780-790C), water
quench; Room 129.6 128.2 127.8 500 Test in bending.
660F(350C), lh. 893.4 884.1 881.0
17 37 Same lot as Material No. 16. Room 129.6 126.6 125.5 500 Test in tension.
1435-1455 F(780-790C), water 893.4 872.8 865.4 Data have been scaled from a plot.
quench;
610F(320C), 2h.
Room 129.6 127.6 127.2 500 Test in bending.
893.4 879.8 877.1 o
o
18 33 Phosphor bronze, Alloy A. 80 120.0 115.7 112.7 109.3 105.4 Wire loop method. d
Spring temper. 27 827.4 797.7 777.0 753.6 726.7 Listed stresses are maximum M
stress in bending. SB
Wire, 0. 0226 in. (0. 57 mm) diamete:
80 100.0 97.5 97. 95.7 93.9 >1
27 689.5 672.2 668. 8 659.8 647.4 r-
r
o
80 81.0 80. 79.5 78.4 76.5
in
27 558.5 551.6 548. 540.5 527.4
80 67.0 65. 64.5 64. 62.8
27 461.9 448. 444.7 441. 433.
80 120.0 115.7 114. 110.8 107.7 Frequency method.

27 827.4 798. 786. 764. 742.6
80 100.0 96.5 95.4 93.6 91.2
27 689.5 665. 658. 645. 629.
80 81.0 80. 79.5 78.4 76.5
27 558.5 551.6 548. 540.5 527.
80 67.0 66.8 65.8 64.7 62.7
27 461.9 460.6 453.7 446. 432.3
2
a
a
(0
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E j <D * Z * 2
S 2 s
s Sn Ni Cu Cr Mo
O
70 65.6 139.4 '1.1 O
19 34
21 452. 961.
3
O
co
20 5.
a
34 70 74.0 146. '1.5
21 510. 1007. >
>
8
IS
21 41 20. 80.] Room 62.9 99.9 2
434. 689.
>
22 41 "P. 89. Room *79.

545.
110.
758.
K!
CO
*%/10 in. (254 mm). "Nominal composition. *0.01% Offset Yield strength.

T
3;
Initial
Residual stress.
Final &
i_
3
C
4)
U
i."-o
CO 3 ._ N
ksi *-
(0
E 2 strain, stress. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments

5E -a$2
3
S Heat treatment -8 time.
0)
S 1*0) % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
M
a w MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
19 34 ASTMB159-64. 80 17.2 88.5 86.8 85.5 80.6 78.8 35,000 Cantilever bend method.
Phosphor bronze, Alloy A. 27 118.6 610.2 598.5 589.5 556. 543. Listed stresses are the maximum
Spring temper. stress in bending.
150 88. 5 76. 6 72. 0
0. 009 in. (0.23 mm) diameter. 66 610.2 528. 496.
As received.
170 88.5 73.4 68.8 66.4 35,000
77 610.2 506. 474.5 458.
215 88.5 71.7 67.8 61.1
102 610.2 494.5 467.5 421.
270 88.5 50.9
132 610.2 351.
o
20 34 Same lot as Material No. 19. 80 94.7 94.5 94.2 (93.7) Cantilever bend method. o
Mechanically straightened in dies 27 652.9 651.6 649.5 (646.) Listed stresses are the maximum
rotating 7500 RPM while the wire stress in bending. w
was drawn through at 240 In. (6.1 m) 150 94.7 94.1 93.3 91.8
66 652.9 648.8 643.3 632.9 >
per minute. r
f
Stress relieved in air, 10 minutes 150 83.5 82.8 81.8 80.5 o
at300F(150C). 66 575.7 570.9 654.0 555. K!
CO
170 94.7 93.3 91.3 87.5

77 652.9 643.3 629.5 603.3
215 94.7 91.8 88.9
102 652.9 632.9 612.9
215 55.7 53.7 51.7
102 384.0 370.2 356.5
21 41 Wire, 0. 0226 in. (0. 57 mm) dia. 215 81.0 52.6 Loop-bending method.
Spring temper. 102 558.5 363.
22 41 Wire, 0.0226 in. (0. 57 mm) dia. 215 100.0 68. 8500 Loop-bending method.
Spring temper. 102 689.5 469.
270 100.0 68. 8500
132 689.5 469.
._ E >._ B
z
0} -U T3 *
s 2 s
s Sn Zn Mo O
o
23 41 f
[2- 10. 88.] 80 107.8 *72.2 105. '1.7
27 743.3' 498. 724.
>
H
O
55
O
*f
co
H
50
M
cc
24 41 [2. 10. 88.1 80 106.8 *70.7 104. '1.1 CO

27 736.4 487.5 718. 50
M
r
>
855
O
>
>
25 41 80 101 to
114 50
27 696 to W
786
2
>
26 128 [12. 29. 59.] f
O
129 K!
CO
Nominal composition. * 0. 01% Offset yield strength. %/10 in. (254 mm).
3E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
3 0)
106 psi
O
C
>
deg F
MN/m2
degC
3
8 Heat treatment
0) (0
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h t/>
n
s
CO co
23 41 Cupro-nickel strip 0. 006 in. (0.15 80 17.7 39.0 36. 2300 Cantilever bending test.
mm) thick. 27 122.0 268.9 248.
Spring temper.
150 39.0 32. 2300
66 268.9 221.
170 39.0 29. 2300
77 268.9 200.
215 39.0 28.5 2300
102 268.9 196.5
24 41 Cupro-nickel strip, 0. 006 in. (0.15 80 16.8 40.0 39. 2300 Cantilever bending test.
mm ) thick. 27 115.8 275.8 269. o
Spring temper.
150 40.0 34.5 2300
o
66 275.8 238. M
170 40.0 33. 2300
77 275.8 227.5
>
f
215
102
40.0
275.8
31.
214.
2300
s
CO
25 41 Nickel silver, Alloy 8 80 42.0 39.5 2300 Cantilever beam method.

Strip 0. 006 in. (0.15 mm) thick. 27 289.6 272.
Extra hard.
150 42.0 35.5 2300
66 289.6 245.
170 42.0 34.5 2300
77 289.6 238.
215 42.0 33. 2300
102 289.6 227.5
26 128 CA762 Nickel silver. 80 42.0 39.5

129 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) thick. 27 289.6 272.
Extra hard temper.
150 42.0 35.7
66 289.6 246.
170 42.0 34.4
77 289.6 237.
102 225.5
e Q

Chemical composition, % by wt. e Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
If*
5 ... E
a
* i
O '
i * Z
E o *
a. o
Ni Be Co Cu Sn Mn Zn
O
O
27 34 12. 70 58.5 127. 1.5 3
21 403. 876.
H
II
O
o

M
CO
28 34 70 93.5 198. 1.5

21 645. 1366.
s
29 132 1.85 0.29 73 200.5 145.2 179.8 '2.5
23 1382. 1001. 1240.

30 132 4.42 4.32 73 101.1 83.3 96.0 "4.6 M

'23 697. 575. 662.
a
31 132 8.98 6.17 0.077 0.027 0. 0031 73 161.5 126. 153.8 "2.6 >
23 1114. 869. 1060.
o
03
*%/10 in. (254 mm). OValues are average for five tests parallel to the rolling direction. *0. 01% Offset yield strength.
' %/ 1 in. (25.4 mm)
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final o
0) form and size, history of material. ksi n
GN/m2
3 u
108psi
C
MN/m2
degF
degC
3
strain, stress, stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
S Heat treatment o
s % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s ra
IA
JO
27 34 Nickel silver, Alloy D. 80 18.7 94.5 89.5 86. (81.5) Cantilever beam method.
0. 009 In. (0. 23 mm) diameter. 27 128.9 651.6 617. 593. (562.) Stresses are the maximum stress
Extra hard temper. in bending.
As received. 150 94.5 80.5 77.5 (73.5)
66 651.6 555. 534. (507.)
170 94.5 78.5 75.5 (72. )
77 651.6 541. 520.5 (496.5 )
215 94.5 73. 69. (65.)
102 651.6 503. 476. (448.)
270 94.5 69.5 66.5 ( 64.)
132 651.6 479. 458.5 (441.)
o
28 34 ASTMB197-65. 80 18.7 90.0 85.5 85. (84. 6) Cantilever beam method. o
Beryllium copper. 27 128.9 620.5 589.5 586.0 (583.3 ) Stresses are the maximum stress
0. 009 in. (0. 23 mm) diameter. in bending.
Condition 1/2 HT 205 90.0 84.6 83.2 (81.4)
96 620.5 583.3 573.6 (561.2 ) >
f
tr1
29 132 CA172 (TH 04) 250 129. 125. 121. 116. 109.6 Tapered cantilever spring;bending. O
Strip, 0.0150 in. (0.38 mm) thick. 121 889. 859. 833. 780. 776. Results have been scaled from CO
Cold roll 37%; plots of remaining stress (% of

600F(315C), 2h. 350 129. 114. 105. 89.7 69.7
initial) vs. time.
177 889. 785. 725. 618. 480.
30 132 Cu-4 Ni- 4 Sn. 250 66.9 65.6 64.7 63.0 60.9 Tapered cantilever spring;bending.
Strip, 0. C15 in. (0.38 mm) thick. 121 461. 452. 446. 434. 419.5 Results have been scaled from
Cold roll 53%; plots of remaining stress ( % of
660F(350C), lh. 350 66.9 62.4 59.3 54.3 46.8 initial) vs. time.
177 461. 430. 409. 374. 323.
400 66.9 58.9 56.3 49.0 36.8
204 461. 406. 388. 338. 253.5
31 132 Cu - 9 Ni - 6 Sn. 250 118. 116. 114. 111. 107.4 Tapered cantilever spring; bending.
Strip, 0. 0125 in. (0.32 mm) thick. 121 814. 797. 787. 766. 741. Results have been scaled from
Cold roll 75%; 350 118. plots of remaining stress ( % of
107. 102. 96.3 89.7
660F(350C), 2h. 177 814. 735.5 704. initial ) vs. time.
664. 619.
400 118. 101. 95.7 89.1 81.4
204 814. 696. 660. 614. 562.
Chemical composition, % by wt. u. o SO ._"> ""
-* z
O * ri
s Ni Sn Mn Zn Nb Mo
32 132 14.96 8.17 0.11 0.055 0.1 73 178.2 146.4 174.2 '2.4 o
23 1229. 1009. 1201.
%
3
z
o
CO
H

M
CO
CO
i
SJ
H
r
>
o
D
>
>
O

a
a
>1
c-
tr1
O
CO
*0. 01% Offset yield strength. "%/l in. (25,4 mm).
Residual stress,
o a. c
Heat treatment
% ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
32 132 Cu-15Ni-8Sn. 250 143. 141. 139.5 138. 135.8 Tapered cantilever spring;
Strip, 0. 0150 in. (0.38 mm) thick. 121 986. 972. 962. 951. 937. Bending.
C old roll 78%; Results have been scaled from
660F(350C), 1.5h. 350 143. 134. 130. 125. 118.7
plots of remaining stress (% of
177 986. 925. 898. 860. 818.
initial) vs. time.
400 143. 131. 127. 122. 114.4
204 986. 902. 875.5 843. 789.
O
O
V
Pi

>
f
r
O
K!
Titanium Alloys
Nomenclature used varied among the data sources; designations listed in the tables are those of the
source.
Data have been included for the following alloys:
Matl. No.
A-70 ( Commercially-pure titanium) 1-2
A-110AT ; T1-5A1-2. 5Sn 3-6; 13-15
Ti-6211 7
C-130 AM 8-12
T1-8A1- lMo- IV 16-18
Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr 19
7-12 Alloy 20
7A1-4MO 21
Alloys A-70, A-110AT, and C-130AM had sufficient data to justify graphical presentations. Most
or all of the data in each instance had been obtained using material with a single analysis, but heat-treated
to give two or three different grain-size conditions. Residual stress at 100 hours is plotted as a function
of initial stress level for test temperatures of 80, 600, and 800 deg. F ( 27, 316, and 427 deg. C). Some
data shown were obtained with a Barr-Bardgett type tester, giving an elasticity factor of 2.3 to 2. 6.
Most tests for materials not shown graphically were of bolts tested for 50 hours in a relaxation
cylinder
551
A-70
CO
Chemical composition, % by wt. = N M
> .. E
g *.
s
d
Mn Ni Mo
O
39 <0.10
o
0.04 94 0.08 Bal. Room 94.6 74.8 26.4
ppm 652.2 516.
SIH
3
o
K
H
W
W
w
V
w
M1
Ir
>
>
3
M
39 <0.10 0.04 94 0.08 Bal. W
It
ppm
>
f
o
CO
%/1.5 in. (38 mm).
3E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
Elastic modulus,
Initial Final u
GN/m2
8
106 psi
CO
3
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
3
>
8 Heat treatment
<5 ra
re m % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h m
s D MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
1 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 71.0 54.75 49.6 44.5 (40.05 ) 4 in. (102 mm) gage length.
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. ~ 27 489.5 377.5 342. 307. (276.)
Fine-grain condition. 80 63.25 56.1 50.8 47.25 (43.0)
Stabilize anneal at 1500 F (815 C ), 27 436.1 387. 350. 326. (296.5 )
1 h, furnace cool.
80 55.0 50.0 45.9 41.7 (38.0)
27 379.2 345. 316.5 287.5 (262.)
80 42.0 39.0 36.5 34.0 (31.9)
27 289.6 269. 252. 234.5 (220.)
80 32.75 31.5 29.5
27 225.8 217. 203.5
600 20.4 16.75 16.1 14.3 (12.9) >-3
316 140.7 115.5 111. 98.5 (89. ) >
600 14.5 13.45 12.8 (11.4)
aa
316 100.0 92.7 88.3 (78.6)
600 12.25 11.95 11.42 (10.08 ) >
316 84.5 82.4 78.7 (69.5) L-1
800 15.0 10.25 6.12 4.02 (2.23) 9

CO
427 103.4 70.7 42.2 27.7 (15.4)
800 9.75 7.5 5.52 2.91 (1.66)
427 67.2 51.7 38.1 20.1 (11.4)
800 5.3 3.52 2.98 1.49 (0.92)
427 36.5 24.3 20.5 10.3 (6.3 )
2 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 70.1 51.45 45.0 41.7 (35.5) 4 in. (102 mm) gage length.
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 27 483.2 354.7 310.3 287.5 (244.8 >
Coarse-grain condition.
80 58.5 47.75 43.8 39.85 (38.0)
1750 F( 955 C), 1 h in argon;
Furnace cool to 1500 F( 815 C), and 27 403.3 329. 302. 275. (262.)
hold In; 80 42.0 39.1 35.6 31.95 (29.0)
Furnace cool to room temperature. 27 289.6 269.6 245.5 220.3 (200.)
80 39.25 34.8 32.2 28.02 (23.0)
27 270.6 240. 222. 193. (158.5 )
[Concluded on next page]
A-110 AT
Q
2
5
CO
f
Chemical composition, % by wt. o u. 1 o |.= E >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
= a > -* z
s s a
2 * s
z
"8
5 Al Sn Ni Mo N
2 39 o
5
2!
O
*!
CO
w
CO
CO
39 0.10 4.9 2.6 0.02 162 0.16 >

ppm
to
w
>
f
9
CO
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress,
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. ksi reu
GN/m2
3 0)
o
106 psi
C
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
!s
o
are Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time, *u
ra % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h Sra
5 O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 LU
2 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 32.0 31.1 30.4 28.5 (27.0)

27 220.6 214.5 209.5 196.5 (186.)
[Conclusion].
600 19.52 16.85 16.71 16.62 (16.25 )
316 134.6 116.2 115.2 114.6 (112.0 )
600 14.75 11.92 11.79 11.2 (10.9)
316 101.7 82.2 81.3 77.2 (75.2)
600 12.57 10.75 10.35 9.02 ( 8.1)
316 86.7 74.1 71.4 62.2 (55.8)
800 14.0 11.05 7.8 ( 5.4)
427 96.5 76.2 53.8 (37.2)
H
800 7.6 6.9 6.3 4.65 ( 4.1)
427 52.4 47.6 43.4 32.1 (28.3) >
800 4.5 3.45 3.3 3.0 ( 2.8) a
427 31.0 23.8 22.8 20.7 (19.3)
IT"
3 39 A-110 AT, Fine-grain condition. 80 133.3 114.5 110. 107.1 (103.) f
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 27 919.1 789.4 758.4 738.4 (710.) o
K!
1600 F( 870 C), lh, furnace cool.
80 114.0 107. 104. 99. ( 94.)
27 786.0 738. 717. 683. (648.)
80 110.0 107.3 107. 106.4 (104. 5 )
27 758.4 739.8 737.7 733.6 (720. 5 )
600 63.0 56. 55.8 55.2 (54.5)
316 434.4 386. 384.7 380.6 (375.8 )
600 58.3 57.6 57.6 57.5 (56.5)
316 402.0 397. 397. 396.4 (389.6 )
600 44.0 39.5 39.5 39.4 (38. 5)
316 303.4 272.3 272.3 271.7 (265.4 I
800 60.25 53.7 48.1 44.2 (40.1)
427 415.4 370.2 331.6 304.7 (276. 5 I
800 52.5 48.0 42.7 39.4 (37.1)
427 362.0 330.9 294.4 271.7 (255.8 I
800 32.75 30.0 27.9 26.7 (26.2)
427 225.8 206.8 192.4 184.1 (180.6 I
A-no AT
t/> eg
>._ E
-* z a
O) * Z
. i
Al Sn Fe Ni Mo
39 0.10 4.9 2.6 0.02 162 0.16 o
ppm o
3
II
O
O
CO
H
S3
M
CO
CO
I
W
M
r
>
i-3
s
>
f
104 0.10 4.4 2.2 0.17 0.02 0.009910. 11 80 142.5 127.5 17. 39.
5. 0.23 0.00101 0.0064 0. 102 27 982.5 879.
M
400 109. 84.8 21. 42.2
204 751.5 585. 3
600 96. 71.5 22.3 41.7
316 661.9 493.
800 88.3 66.7 23. 48.
427 608.8 460. >
o
!
CQ
* Where two values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
1E Residual stress,
Test temperature,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, _3 6
3 ._ fM Initial Final u
3 u
form and size, history of material. T3 J5 c
o a^ ksi CO
MN/m2 >
deg F
degC
C
3 *% z strain, stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
s Heat treatment stress, time,
V
CO
ato a % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 2
S a Ui MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
4 39 A-110 AT, Coarse-grain condition. 80 130.0 111.2 107. 103.3 (101.)

Same lot as Material No. 3. 27 896.3 766.7 737.7 712.2 (696.4 )
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter.
80 120.0 100.1 98. 94. (92.2)
1950F(1065C), 1/2 h, furnace cool
27 827.4 690.2 676. 648. (636.)
80 106.7 98.5 94. 90.5 ( 87.)
27 735.9 679. 648. 624. (600.)
600 62.0 58.4 57.5 56.3 ( 56.)
316 427.5 403. 396.5 388. (386.)
600 56.0 53.7 52.8 52.5 ( 51.)
316 386.1 370. 364. 362. (352.)
600 50.0 47.0 46.8 46.8 (46.1) i-3
316 344.7 324. 323. 323. (318.) >
3
800 59.5 53.7 50.4 47.1 (40. 5) a
427 410.2 370. 347.5 325. (279.) S
>
800 55.0 51.3 48.4 45.5 (42. 5) r
427 379.2 354. 334. 314. (293.) r
o
800 34.0 31.5 29.6 26.9 (21.5) *<
CO
427 234.4 217. 204. 185.5 (148.)
5 104 A-110 AT. 400 15.3 69.4 69.0 68.6 67.5 68.4 383 2.7 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
Bar, 3/4 in. (19 mm) or 13/16 in. 204 105.5 478.5 475.7 473. 465.4 471.6
(20. 5 mm) diameter. 600 14.7 57.2 56.4 57.0 57.0 395 2.8
Annealed. 316 101.4 394.4 388.9 393. 393.
700 55.0 52.4 53.0 51.8 31 2.7
371 379.2 361.3 365.4 357.2
800 12.7 53.4 50.9 48.0 46.1 43.6 358 2.9
427 87.6 368.2 350.9 330.9 317.8 300.6
800 40.2 39.0 37.8 34.6 34.6 310 2.7
427 277.2 268.9 260.6 238.6 238.6
800 29.8 29.0 27.9 26.8 27.6 381 2.8
427 205.5 199.9 192.4 184.8 190.3
A-110AT
Ti-6211
C-130AM

Ba
Chemical composition, % by wt. u- O {5 ._ E ._ E >.- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
O > '
8" -* z
2 o
Al Sn Mn Nb Ta Mo Fe N O
O
104 0.10 "4.4 2.2 0.23 0.02 0.0099 0.11 80 175. 151. 10. 28. g
5. 0.17 0.0010(0, 0064 0.1021 27 1207. 1041.
sa;
21 0.02 6.1 2.3 1.0 0.73 0.06 0.007 0.0060 0.073 Room 120. 102. 12. 32.
827.4 703. o
co
a
w
39 0.10 3.6 3.6 0.03 65 0.012 CO
ppm "p
a
w
f
>
o
2!
2
a
a
3
>
o
K!
CO
Where two values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
1E
Test temperature,
V*
Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, _3
Initial Final u
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ CM
ksi
oEoM
3 0)
u
CO
C
MN/m2
deg F
degC
."s 3 z stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
aeo Heat treatment o ? (3 strain, stress, time,
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi />
s Qra
to
(A
CO h <o
UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 Ul
6 104 A-110 AT. 700 55.2 54.2 52.5 49.3 48.4 328 2.8 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
Bar, 3/4 in. (19 mm) or 13/16 In. 371 380.6 374. 362. 340. 334.
(20. 5 mm) diameter.
Same as Material No. 5. 800 53.2 49.8 47.2 40.3 36.6 239 2.6
Cold drawn 15%. 427 366.8 343. 325. 278. 252.
7 21 Ti-6211 ( A near-alpha alloy). Room 17. 95.0 86. 82.5 81.8 31 Longitudinal specimens.
Beta fabricated to plate 1 in. (25 mm 1 117. 655.0 593. 569. 564. Gage length 5 in. (127 mm) long x
thick. 0.198 in. (5. 0 mm) diameter.
8 39 C-13 0 AM. 80 160. 145. 142. 138.4 (134.)

Fine-grain condition. 27 1103. 1000. 979. 954. (924.)
1300 F( 705 C), lh, air cool. 80 125.3 121.1 120.7 117.3 (HI.) >-3
27 864.1 835. 832. 809. (765.) H
>
80
27
123.3 123.3 123.3 122.7 (120.)
850.1 850.1 850.1 846.0 (827.)
a
80 110.2 100.6 100.5 100.3 (100.2 ) >
27 760.1 693.6 692.9 691.5 (690. 9 )
IT1
80 77.5 77.4 76.5 73.6 ( 69.5 ) o
><
27 534.3 533.7 527.4 507.5 (479. 2 )
600 71.2 71.0 68.0 66.2 (64. 0)
316 490.9 489.5 469. 456.5 (441.)
600 64.0 63.6 63.5 63.0 (59. 5)
316 441.3 438.5 438. 434.5 (410.)
600 56.0 55.7 55.2 51.6 (50.0)
316 386.1 384. 380.6 355.8 (345.)
800 41.0 32.5 24.1 14.7 (11.7)
427 282.7 224. 166. 101.5 (80.7)
800 29.25 24.0 19.8 12.7 (10.1)
427 201.7 165.5 136.5 87.6 (69.6)
800 19.25 16.1 12.2 7.0 ( 6.4)
427 132.7 110. 84. 48.3 (44. )
C-130AM
Chemical composition, % by wt. fc ._ E

<* I/)
>._ E
-* z gJSz
U> CA ^
E
5
-a -a o> -* Z
z
Mn Al Cr Ni Mo N
O
O
39 0.10 3.6 3.6 0.03 65 0.012 s
ppm II
>
5
O
*1
CO
>-3
W
M
>
o
o
>
>
10 39 0.10 3.6 3.6 0.03 65 0.012 O
w
ppm M
O
z
H
H
SO
t
>
r
r
o
<!
temperature,
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
O
o
3 ._ M
ksi
8
IB
3
C
*
deg F
degC
, z MN/m2
s
3
re Heat treatment strain. stress. stress. time. u
re
M
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h re
S Q K UJ MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
9 39 C-13 0 AM. 80 137.0 116.9 113.1 108.3 (105.)

Medium-grain condition. 27 944.6 806. 780. 747. (724.)
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 80 126.5 110.9 110.8 110.4 (109.8 )
Same lot as Material No. 8. 27 872.2 764.6 763.9 761.2 (757.)
1650F(900C), 6h, furnace cool to
1300 F( 705 C); 80 112.7 110.2 110.1 110.0 (109.5 )
Hold 1 h; 27 777.0 759.8 759.1 758.4 (755.)
Air cool. 600 76.0 69.0 68.9 66.0 (61.0)
316 524.0 475.7 475. 455. (420. 5 )
600 64.7 64.3 64.3 64.0 (60. 8)
316 446.1 443.3 444.3 441.3 (419.)
>-3
ii
600 56.0 54.2 53.0 52.5 (51.5) -i
316 386.1 373.7 365.4 362. (355.) >
800 42.5 39.9 29.3 17.4 (16.0)
aa
427 293.0 275.1 202. 120. (110.3 ) %
800 32.0 29.4 14.7 7.3 ( 6.2)
>
427 220.6 202.7 101.4 50.3 (42. 7) f
o
K!
800 19.25 17.7 13.7 6.4 ( 4.4) CO
427 132.7 122. 94.5 44.1 (30.3)
10 39 C-13 0 AM. 80 135.3 114.5 110. 107.2 (104.)

Coarse-grain condition. 27 932.9 789.4 758.4 739.1 (717.)
Same lot as Material No. 8.
80 126.5 112.6 109.9 104.9 (102.)
27 872.2 776.3 757.7 723.3 (703.)
1850F(1010C), 1/2 h, furnace
cool to 1300 F( 705 C), hold 1 h; 80 107.3 103.5 103.1 103. (102.)
Air cool. 27 739.8 713.6 710.8 710.2 (703.)
600 75.0 67.3 66.8 66.2 (65. 5)
316 517.1 464.0 460.6 456.4 (451.6 )
600 67.0 60.6 58.0 56.9 (56.0)
316 461.9 418. 400. 392. (386.)
600 59.0 57.4 56.5 55.2 (53. 5)
316 406.8 395.8 389.6 380.6 (369.)
800 42.5 40.1 27.1 19.4 (17.8)
427 293.0 276.5 186.8 133.8 (123.)
1 A O
427 231.0 219.3 157.9 102. (99.3)

800 18.25 17.5 12.6 8.15 ( 6.9)
427 125.8 120.7 86.9 56.2 (47.6)
C-130AM
Ti-5AI-2.5Sn
Ti-8AI-lMo-lV
1E 1
Q
5
3 Chemical composition, % by wt. CO N a? ra Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
fc - E c .. E >- E
3 O ^- ^p '^ 2 o **-O
g -e -a o> -* Z
CO

8 a * s
V n
tn c 0
2 ac 6
(D n 1-
Q.
O o
5 C Sn N H S O
cc o
CD
Q Mn Al Fe Mo V O Ul
o
11 104 0.10 "4.1 3.9 0.21 0.02 0.0136 0.21 80 165. 155. 17. 40. a
3.6 4.5 0.0018 0.0127 0.193 27 1138. 1069. ii
0.0010 0.0131
400 134.7 119.3 18.5 50.7
204 928.7 822.5 s
600 121.5 105.3 18.8 50.3 o
316 837.7 726. *f
co
800 108.3 89.7 24.8 67.5 H
W
427 746.7 618.5 M
CO
CO
12 104 0.10 -4.1 3.9 0.21 0.02 0.0136 0.21 80 180. 168.5 14.5 34.0
3.6 4.5 0.0018 0.0127 0.193 27 1241. 1162.
0.0010 0.0131
13 X 0.014 0.05 5.58 2.56 0.063 0.010 D.0048 0.10 *70 129.6 101.7
21 893.6 701. aO
750 86.1 64.1
399 593.6 442. *
>
14 X 0.014 0.05 5.58 2.56 0.063 0.010 0.0048 0.10 * 70 128.0 101.4
21 882.5 699. 3
750 86.2 62.3 M
399 594.3 429.5
s
55
15 X 0.014 0.05 5.58 2.56 0.063 0.010 3.0048 0.10 *70 144.2 114.2
21 994.2 787.
w
2
750
399
89.8
619.1
68.5
472.
a>
16 X *[0. 01 8.0 0.11 1.0 1.0 0.01 0.0074 0.10] *70 165.1 141.3 o
21 1138. 974. K|
CO
750 110.2 91.7

399 759.8 632.
Where two or more values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
* Nominal composition. * Tensile properties are average for three tests.
1E
Test temperature,
Residual stress, o
Elastic modulus,
form and size, history of material. ksi *-to
GN/m2
10* psi
3 CD
U
MN/m2
degF
degC
C
3
strain, stress, stress. time, 2- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a Heat treatment o
to
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h tn
s
CO
JO
LU
11 104 C-130AM. 400 13.4 95.5 95.3 95.0 95.0 94.4 427 2.3 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
3/4 In. (19 mm) diameter. 204 92.4 658.4 657.1 655.0 655.0 650.9
Hot rolled + annealed. 600 12.7 84.0 82.0 81.5 80.9 78.4 2.5
431
316 87.6 579.2 565.4 561.9 557.8 540.5
600 63.0 62.2 61.8 61.7 58.6 480 2.3
316 434.4 428.9 426.1 425.4 404.0
700 78.8 76.8 73.1 66.8 57.2 431 2.4
371 543.3 529.5 504.0 460.6 394.4
800 11.9 72.0 66.4 53.8 36.9 31.6 312 2.4
427 82.0 496.4 457.8 370.9 254.4 217.9
800 54.0 46.5 38.3 24.4 20.0 230 2.6 >-3
427 372.3 320.6 264.1 168.2 137.9 >
12 104 C-130AM. 700 78.4 73.6 70.5 62.1 57.6 359 2.3 Barr-Bardgett type tester. G
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 371 540.5 507.6 486.1 428.2 397.1
Same lot as Material No. 11. >
1550F(845C), water quench;
800 72.0 62.0 42.1 39.5 33.0 287. 2.3 r
427 496.4 427.5 290.3 272.3 227.5 f
Reheat to 1000 F( 538 C).
9
CO
13 X Ti-5Al-2. 5Sn(ELl). 750 *52.2 49.4 49.4 49.4 50 Relaxation cylinder.
Bolt, 1/4 in. -28 threads x 2-1/4 in. 399 359.9 340.6 340.6 340.6
(6.4 mm x 57 mm). 750 52.2 28.8 28.8 28.8 50
Hot forge 12-point head; 399 359.9 198.6 198.6 198.6
Roll threads.
14 X Same as Material No. 13, but with 750 80.0 49.9 43.3 50 Relaxation cylinder.
A-286 alloy nut. 399 551.6 344.0 298.5 Average results for three tests.
15 X Same materials as for Material No. 750 80.0 46.4 40.5 50 Relaxation cylinder.
14, but with 3/8-24 threads (9. 5 399 551.6 319.9 279.2 Average results for three tests.
mm).
16 X T1-8A1-1M0-1V. 750 112. 68.7 55.7 50 Relaxation cylinder.

Bolt, thread size #10-32, with A-28C 399 772.2 473.7 384. Average results for three tests.
alloy nut. 750 70.0 48.3 40.4 50
Hot forge 12-point head; 482.6 278.5
399 333.
1650 F( 900 C), lh, air cool;
1100F(595C), 24h, air cool;
Roll threads (MIL-SPEC-7742) Duplicate results in two tests.
Ti-8Al-lMo-lV
Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr
7-12 Alloy 7AI-4Mo
a
f
t> .- E >._ E
a -o -a o * Z
=5 S 8*1
Al Zr Sn Fe Mo
O
O
17 'fO.02 8.0 0.11 1.0 1.0 0.0074 0.10 0.01] 70 166.4 138.4 g
21 1147. 954. t-H
750 117.3 100.

399 808.8 689.5
3
18 '[0.02 8.0 0.11 1.0 1.0 0.0074 0.10 0.01] 70 155.7 145.0 O
21 1074. 1000.
f
750 113.3 95.4 SO
399 781.2 658. w
CO
CO
0.012
19 0.027 5.0 4.9 4.8 0.04 D.0075 70 182.9 154.
21 1261. 1062. M
f
750 128.9 102.
>
399 888.7 703.
20 o
2!
>
21
SO
w
I
El
>
r
p
o
<<
CO
'Nominal composition. * Tensile properties are average for three tests.

Sto ,3
Initial
Residual stress.
Final
o
3 V
U
form and size, history of material. 3 ._ N
ksi <0
C
3 E. z MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
is a Heat treatment g "8 -8 o 2 a strain. stress. time.
"fi % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h an
s
10
o
CO
oM
r-
co
17 X Same as Material No. 16, but with 750 112. 68.1 51.3 50 Relaxation cylinder.
1/4 in. -28 threads (6.4 mm) dia. 399 772.2 469.5 354. Average results for three tests.
750 70.0 46.4 39.5 50
399 482.6 320. 272.
18 X Same as Material No. 16, but with 750 83.2 75.2 64.1 50 Relaxation cylinder.
1/2 in. -20 threads (12.7 mm) dia. 399 573.6 518.5 442. Average results for three tests.
750 52. 47.3 39.1 50
399 358.5 326. 269.5
19 X Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr. 750 88.0 74.2 61.8 50.0 50 Relaxation cylinder.

Bolt, 1/4 in. -28 x 2. 250 in. (6.4 mn 399 606.7 511.6 426. 345. Average results for three tests. >-3
diameter x 57 mm long).
Hot forge 12-point head; 750 88.0 89.3 65.4 50.8 50 >
399 606.7 615.7 451. 350. 3
1650F(900C), 4h, air cool; a
Roll threads. 750 88.0 74.2 57.7 46.7 50
399 606.7 511.6 398. 322. >
Relaxation cylinder. F
20 X 7-12 alloy. 750 14.5 67.5 40.5 50 o
Bolt, body 2 in. (51 mm) long; threac 399 100. 465.4 279. Tested at 90% of hot tensile strength
3/8 in-24 x 0.375 in. long (9. 5 mm of the bolt.
dia. x 9. 5 mm long). 750 67.5 50.0 50
399 465.4 345.
21 X 7A1-4MO. 800 100.0 75. 58. Relaxation cylinder.

Bolt, 1/2 in.-20 threads (12.7 mm 427 689.5 517. 400.
diameter).
800 70.0 50. 46. 67
427 482.6 345. 317.
o
o
f
A-70 >
H
t-H
O
z
0 o
*l
o CO
W
o M
CO
40 CO

M
>
0
3>
z O
0
in
a>
"5 7 o
-o 20 3
O "5
/ 9
at Fine Coarse
- grain grain
M
3)
/^ * Matl. Marl.
/

F C No.l No.2 >
f
# 80 27 o . C
O
100 Hours 600 316 o !
y/ * co
ft 800 427 ft
/ * *
/ * 100 300 MN/m' 500
0 1 . u ' 1
20 40 60
Initial stress, ksi
A-110AT
4y \
53
3 4
5 4 3 4
3 3
3
4
o
X o
o
100 0
80
z $
3>
V >
60
M F
". F
O
/ m 0
3
Temperature, 9
CO
oF oC
"5 W "3! o 80 27
3 / #
2 40 fi 600 316
#
* 800 427
/ *
- 200
/*#* "
20
100 Hours
200 400 600 MN/m> 800

n 1 1
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Initial stress, ksi
C-130AM

8
8
lu 10
8 8 10
160
80F (27C)
/ .
>
c
/
120
0
800 ^
0-
in
u>
V'.
0 O

O
3
"5
3
TJ o
*5i
- *oo 2
at
80
- 400
100 Hours
/ 400 600 MN/m' 800 1000

40 i l
40 80 120 160
Initial stress, Icsi
Fin* grain
* Medium grain
Coart* grain
# Elasticity factor 2.3 to 2.6
TITANIUM ALLOYS 569
89 8,0, "
/
80 /fy
600 F (316C) /
400
60
'5! Z
/
in
in
O
in
o
Residual
o
3
"35

- 200 0
20
100 Hours
200 400 600 MN/m>

0 1 1
20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi

12
n
10
,08 8 10 B9
8
9 9
400
800F (427 C)
Z
40
-
7
200 ">
O
3 * "5
3
=
wi 20
O <
o
100 Hours
/ %
200 400 600 MN/m'
i 1 l
20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi
Miscellaneous Alloys
Data are presented in tabular form only. Listed alloys follow, together with an indication of the test
methods employed:
Matl. No. Type of stress or relaxation method
1 Kovar wire Frequency method.
2 Mg - 2 Al Tension plus torsion.
3 Soviet Mo-base alloy TsM2A
4 Nickel wire Frequency method.
5 Nickel-iron wire Frequency method.
6-7 Inconel High-speed pheumatic tester.
8 20 Cr - 80 Ni
9-12 Zircaloy-4 Bending of a beam; in water at 2000
psig pressure.
13 Zr + Nb,Cu Bending of a beam; in water at 2000
psig pressure.
571
Kovar
Mg-2AI
Soviet TsM2A
3
S LL O t> .- E .- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._ c
E i a * Z O "-- o
=5 S o * .* sz
a
o
Fe Co Mg Al Ni Mo Zn Sn Cu Mn at
O
O
40 '[Bal. 17. 29.] 85 75.7 *36.7 13.9 Coefficient of thermal expansion compar-
29 522. 253. able to Corning Glass #7052.
H
O
53 fc0.04 Bal. 2.0 <0. 05 <0.03 <0.01 0.03 0.02] 21
O
*)
</>
to
H
Ti Zr CO
CO
13 Base 0.20 0.15] 68 96 to 1
to
104 M
20 660 to F
720
>
1652 55 to
62 O
900 3 80 to
430
1832 49 to >
58 O
1000 340to to
400 M
1
W
2
S
>
F
F
o
><
CQ
'Nominal composition. *0. 01% Offset yield strength. *%/10 in. (254 mm).
8 Residual stress. o
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. a _3
Initial Final ore
3 0)
U
form and size, history of material. o o. c ksi
C
0)
SI Heat treatment gE||
"O "O Ten sion Torsion stress. time. o
re
CO
ksi ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
s
(0
Q 1- LU MN/m2 MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2
JO
UJ
1 40 Kovar wire, 0. 0179 In. (0.45 mm) 85 18.8 '38.0 34.4 34.2 3000 Frequency method.
diameter. 29 129.6 262.0 237. 236.
2010 F( 1100C), 30 min. ;
85 35.0 31.5 31.1 3000
1380 F( 750 C), 10 min.; 29 241.3 217.2 214.4
1785 F( 975C), for a short period;
(Simulates use in a glass-sealed 85 30.0 28.4 28.2 3000
product). 29 206.8 195.8 194.4
85 25.0 23.8 23.6 3000
29 172.4 164.1 162.7
85 20.0 19.6 19.5 3000
29 137.9 135.1 134.4 CO
O
85 15.0 14.5 14.5 3000 M
f
29 103.4 100.0 100.0
2 53 Mg-2A1. 122 1.12 3.36 2.11 1.61 1.43 176 Tension-torsion tests on tubes
Cast billet 12 in. (305 mm) diameter 50 7.72 23.2 14.5 11.1 9.88 0. 5 in. (12. 7 mm) I. D. x 0. 02 in. O
d
x 12 in. (305 mm) long. (0. 5 mm) wall thickness. CO
122 3.36 2.24 1.80 1.46 1.38 154
790F(420C), 4h, furnace cool to Torsion strain was held constant
50 23.2 15.4 12.4 10.0 9.50 f
room temperature in about 10 h. by automatic proportional decrease F
(Treated in an atmosphere of sulfur 122 0 3.70 2.78 2.15 2.08 151 of torsion and tension loads. o
dioxide). 50 0 25.5 19.15 14.8 14.4 Residual torsion stresses have been CO
122 2.40 3.00 scaled from a plot of torsion stress

2.13 1.64 1.52 154
50 16.5 20.7 14.7 11.3 vs. time.
10.5
122 6.72 2.24 1.75 1.39 1.28 152
50 46.3 15.4 12.05 9.58 8.80
3 13 Soviet alloy TsM2A. 1652 43.5 '25.2 24.2 500

900 300. 174. 167.
1832 45.0 *22.9 19.6 500
1000 310. 158. 135.
*120 h.
Nickel
Nickel-Iron
E
3(0
a
i-s- l
Mn Cr Ni Mo
O
O
40 85 72.1 *40.2 58.1 *17.3
29 497. 277. 401.
>
H
3
a;
o
*!
CO
H
W
M
cc
CO
i
W
M
f
>
40 [50. 50.] 85 77.0 '29.2 36.7 28.2 o

29 531. 201. 253. 21
>
.g
a

r
o
CO
*0. 01% Offset yield strength. /10 in. (254 mm) * %/2 in. (51 mm).
in ^
Initial
E Q) form and size, history of material. "O 'IS e ksi
3 O O Q..E
C
3
E JS E z strain. MN/m2 stress. Relaxation-test procedure and comments
8 Heat treatment 03 "O -O o2o
stress. time,
eg
<Q S; %
IA ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h CO
4 40 Nickel wire, 0. 0201 In. (0. 5 mm) 85 25.0 40.0 37.9 36.8 16,500 Frequency method.
diameter, with 0.0001 in. (0. 0025 29 172.4 275.8 261.3 253.7
mm) gold plate.
85 27.5 26.6 25.4 16,500
29 189.6 183.4 175.1
85 25.0 22.4 21.5 16,500
29 172.4 154.4 148.2
85 20.0 18.4 18.0 16,500
29 137.9 126.9 124.1
85 15.0 15.5 14.6 16,500
29 103.4 106.9 100.7 CO
O
M
85 10.0 9.3 9.0 16,500
29 68.9 64.1 62.1
5 40 Nickel-iron wire, 0. 0201 in. (0. 51 85 36.0 32.7 32.5 16,500 Frequency method.
224.1
o
mm) diameter, with fused tin finish. 29 248.2 225.5
Annealed.
85 30.0 27.6 27.0 16,500 >
29 206.8 190.3 186.2 r1
t-
23.9 16,500
o
85 27.5 24.7
CO
29 189.6 170.3 164.8
85 25.0 22.9 21.8 16,500
29 172.4 158. 150.3
85 20.0 18.6 17.3 16,500
29 137.9 128. 119.
85 15. 14.0 13.6 16,500
29 103.4 96.5 93.8
Inconel
ra f
Chemical composition, % by wt. jS LL (J c ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
? 2" O w '
iZ
=5 S
Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
O
O
56 '[15. Bal. 5.]
o
O
*i
ca
H
SO
M
co
CO
I
SO
M
D
56 fl5. Bal. 5.]
II
O
>
s
SO
w
gM
2
S
>
f
o
CO

3
re
V?
3
Initial
Residua 1 ctrecs
Final
w
o
3 U
O
form and size, history of material. ^
3 en
S3 c ksi re
O 0-.E
C
MN/m2 >
SI Heat treatment E 8" ff E z
strain. stress, stress. time, 'o
re
(0 re (A
M
JO % ksi 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 ksi h _rea
5 Q 1- w MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 UJ
6 56 Inconel, fine grain size. 1300 28.5 26.8 High-speed pneumatic relaxation
As received: short-time exposure 704 196.5 185. tester.
to 1850F(1010C); Gage length 6 in. (150 mm) x 0. 375
1300 27.6 26.1 in. (9. 5 mm) diameter.
"Comparable to 1650 F( 900C)
704 190.3 180. Most of the data at a given tem-
anneal".
1300 27.0 25.7 20.3 13.6 8.2 5.5 3.4 100 perature were obtained using a
704 186.2 177. 140. 94. 56.5 38. 23.5 single specimen.
1300 24.0 23.6 plot.
704 165.5 163.
1300 12.0 11.7 11.4 10.4
704 82.7 81. 79. 72.
n
CO
1500 17.0 13.2 8.8 M

816 117.2 91. 61. F
1500 10.0 9.6 8.0 5.5 3.4 2.1 1.5 100

816 69.0 66. 55. 38. 23.5 14.5 10.5 o
a
1650 9.5 6.65 CO
899 65.5 45.9 >

F
1650 1.9 1.0 100 r
6.5 6.0 3.55 0.5 0.3 o
899 44.8 41.4 24.5 13.1 6.9 3.4 2.0 CO
7 56 Inconel, coarse grain size. 1300 18.0 17.2 15.2 High-speed pneumatic relaxation
Same lot as Material No. 6 704 124.1 118.5 105. tester.
As received: 2050F( 1120C ), 2h, Gage length 6 in. (150 mm) x 0.375
1300 16.5 16.2 14.6 11.3
in hydrogen. in. (9. 5 mm) diameter.
704 113.8 112. 101. 78.
Most of the data at a given tem-
1300 12.4 12.4 12.3 10.8 8.2 6.0 4.0 100 perature were obtained using a
704 85.5 85.5 85. 74.5 56.5 41. 27.5 single specimen.
1300 10.5 10.5 10.4 9.9 8.1 plot.
704 72.4 72.4 71.7 68.3 55.8
1500 12.0 11.0 7.9
816 82.7 75.8 54.5
1500 9.0 8.9 7.4 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.9 100
816 62.0 61.4 51.0 34.5 20.7 11.0 6.2
1650 11.0 7.6
899 75.8 52.4
1650 8.0 6.6 4.7 2.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 100
899 55.2 45.5 32.4 17.9 9.0 4.8 2.8
20Cr-80Ni
Zircaloy-4
1E 1
Q
3?
Chemical composition, % by wt.; ()r (ppm) s? rere
1
0)
3 u "F 1 .."E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
re
.2
3
8 -* Z o < "^ o
re O
cre a o c o
s<o <0
Q C Mn Si Cr Ni Fe Sn Al Hf P s 1- o o
UJ
re
o
o
8 13 0.15 1.5 0.5 20 to 75 to Bal. 0.030 0.025 s
max. max. max. 23 78 max. max. V
I-H
>
9 60 (207) (42) 0.11 (<50) 0.21 1.45 (35) (65) Grain size: ASTM 9.5 3
O N H o
(1195) (24) *l
(13) CO
10 60 (207) (42) 0.11 (<50) 0.21 1.45 (35) (65) Grain size: ASTM 10.1 a
M
CO
O N H CO
I
(1195) (24) (13) W
B
>
11 60 (207) (42) 0.11 (<50) 0.21 1.45 (35) (65) Grain size unresolvable.
O
O N H
(1195) (24) (13)
>
12 60 (207) (42) 0.11 (<50) 0.21 1.45 (35) (65) Interlamellar spacing 4. 5 microns.
SB
O N H
M
(1195) (24) (13)
M
S3
O
>
P
P
o
CO
c . Residual stress. o
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation. 3(0 Initial Final
B form and size, history of material.
C o
g.u.o
-a ksi 10
8 o strain. stress. stress. time. u
Heat treatment $ T "S
n
s
ID
Q
t;
0) 5 % ksi
MN/m2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m2
h ID
to
LU
8 13 Soviet type Kh20N80. 1112 29.0 8.8 ( 6.7) "Typical values".

Solution treat; 600 200. 61. (46. )
Stabilization age.
1112 21.8 7.5 (4.9)
600 150. 52. (34. )
9 60 Zircaloy-4, Alpha annealed. 140 Long. 9.8 9.65 9.53 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x
Plate initially hot rolled at 1450 F 60 67.7 66.5 65.7 0. 035 in. (100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
(790C); Test run in water under 2000 psig
590 Long. 10.95 9.50 9.16 8.76 8.18 pressure.
1400 F (760 C ) in vacuum, 3 h; 310 75.5 65.5 63.2 60.4 56.4
1200F(650C), 4h.
590 Long. 6.6 5.86 5.53 5.58 5.50
310 45.5 40.4 38.1 38.5 37.9 CO
O
W
590 Trans. 9.7 7.84 7.45 7.14 6.66 f
310 66.9 54.0 51.4 49.2 45.9 >
Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x M
10 60 Zircaloy-4. 590 Trans. 26.8 23.5 22.6 21.4 19.9 O
Same lot as Material No. 9. 310 184.8 162.0 155.8 147.6 137.2 0. 035 in. (100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm). a
CO
Cold reduced 15%; Test run in water under 2000 psig
590 Trans. 17.1 16.05 15.35 14.8 13.9 >
950F(510C), in vacuum, 4h.
310 117.9 110.7 105.8 102.0
pressure. r
95.8 F
o
590 Trans. 6.1 5.80 5.57 5.61 5.35 co
310 42.1 40.0 38.4 38.7 36.9
11 60 Zircaloy-4. 140 Trans. 18.4 18.26 18.03 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x

Same lot as Material No. 9. 60 126.9 125.9 124.3 0. 035 in. (100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
Cold reduced 79%. Test run in water under 2000 psig
590 Trans. 23.6 19.6 18.55 16.9 13.9
950 F ( 510 C ), in vacuum, 4 h. pressure.
310 162.7 135.1 127.9 116.5 95.8
590 Trans. 15.6 15.03 14.25 13.2 10.9
310 107.6 103.6 98.2 91.0 75.2
590 Trans. 5.4 4.96 4.98 4.91 4.15
310 37.2 34.2 34.3 33.8 28.6
12 60 Zircaloy-4, Beta quenched. 550 Trans, 10.0 9.3 8.4 8.1 1992 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x
Same lot as Material No. 9. 288 69.0 64.1 57.9 55.8 0. 035 in. ( 100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
1860 F( 1016 C), argon quenched; Test run in water under 2000 psig
550 Trans, 10.0 *8. 59 8.27 1992 pressure.
950F(510C), in vacuum, 6h.
288 69.0 59.2 57.0 Data have been scaled from a plot
of % relaxation vs. time.
*600 h.
ZrNb,Cu
i
e o
s
Chemical composition, % by wt; or (ppm) s Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
= SP
"
ri
Ei
5 s
S Mn Ni Mo Nb Cu N
O
13 60 2.49 0.51 (1070) (15) (13) Interlamellar spacing 1.9 microns. O
>
s
o
CO

M
CO
CO
I
W
W
f
2
>
o
K!
CO
C Residual stress,
Sttt Initial Final
E MN/m2 stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment -8 m o strain. stress, time,
ksi 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
S MN/m: h h h h MN/m:
13 60 Zr + Nb.Cu. 140 Long. 35.0 34.3 34.2 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x
1515 F( 824 C), Ice-brine quench; 60 241.3 236.4 235.8 0.035 in. (100x4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
1000 F( 538 C), In vacuum, 6h. Test run in water under 2000 psig
590 Long. 37.5 24.5 21.45 19.5 17.1 pressure.
310 258.6 168.9 147.9 134.4 117.9
590 Long. 21.9 14.95 13.9 12.6 11.25
310 151.0 103.1 95.8 86.9 77.6
CO
O
M
o
a
TO
>
f
o
Data Sources
1. Freeman, J. W. and Voorhees, H. R. , "Relax- 3. Aleskin, F.I. , "Nomograms of the Stress Re-
ation Properties of Steels and Super-Strength laxation Quotient", Soviet Materials Science,
Alloys at Elevated Temperatures", American Vol. 1, No. 1 (1965), pp. 98-106. [Translation
Society for Testing and Materials, Special Tech- from Fiziko-Khimicheskava Mekhanika Mater-
nical Publication No. 187, August 1956. Re- ialova. Vol. 1, No. 2 (1965), pp. 151-161.
issued August 1961 as ASTM Publication DS-14.
4. Barr, R.R. and Moir, F. E. , "The Short-time
Data collected by the ASTM-ASME Joint Com- Uniaxial Stress Relaxation Characteristics of
mittee on Effect of Temperature on the Proper- Some Carbon-Manganese and Low-Alloy Weld-
ties of Metals were contributed by the following able Steels", [Welding Institute] Proc. Conf. on
organizations; the code letters adjacent to names Welding Creep-Resistant Steels. Cambridge,
in this list identify respective sources on data (1970), pp. 152-168; Discussion, pp. 194-205.
sheets both in Ref. 1 and in the present report.
5. Barseg'yan, L.V., et al, "Heat Resistant Ni-
A. American Steel and Wire Division, Cr-Nb Spring Steels", Metal Science and Heat
United States Steel Corporation Treatment of Metals. (1972), pp. 406-409.
B. Babcock & Wilcox Co. (M. I. T.) [Translation from Metallovedenie i Termiches-
C. Battelle Memorial Institute kaya Obrabotka Metallov. No. 5, pp. 35-39,
D. Bethlehem Steel Co. May 1972. ]
E. Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co.
F. Crane Co. 6. Belov, B. G. , Platova, S. N. , and Barseg'yan,
G. Elliott Co. L. V. , "The New Heat-Resistant Spring Alloy
H. General Electric Co. 70NKhBMYu", Metal Science and Heat Treat-
J. International Nickel Co. ment of Metals, (1970), pp. 112-115. [ Trans-
K. Materials Laboratory, Wright Air Devel- lation from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Ob-
opment Center (University of Michigan) rabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 25-28, Feb. 1970.
L. Naval Research Laboratory
M. United Steel Companies, Ltd. 7. Benson, L. E. , Tummers, G. E., and Watson,
N. U. S. Naval Engineering Experiment Sta. S. J., "Comparison Between Torsional and Ten-
O. Timken Steel and Tube Co. (University sile Stress Relaxation Tests", British Welding
of Michigan) Journal, Vol. 4, June 1957, No. 6, pp. 281-282.
P. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
8. Benson, L.E. and Watson, S.J. , "Low Temper-
2. Unpublished data on stress relaxation of speci- ature Stress Relieving of Mild Steel Welded
mens under tension were contributed by the fol- Structures", Transactions of the Institute of
lowing organizations in response to solicitation Welding. Vol. 16, No. 2 (Aug. 1953), pp. 90-95.
by the Metal Properties Council, Inc.; the letters
adjacent to the names identify the source in data 9. Borzdyka, A. M. , "Prolonged Resistance to Re-
sheets of the present compilation. laxation of Refractory Ni-Cr Alloys", Metal
Science and Heat Treatment, July-Aug. 1965,
Q. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. pp. 462-465. [Translated from Metallovedenie
R. Allis-Chalmers, Research Division i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov. July 1965,
S. Battelle Memorial Institute pp. 39-42. (In Russian)].
T. Curtis s-Wright
U. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. 10. Borzdyka, A. M. , (On the temperature interval
V. Department of the Navy for softening under conditions of creep and stress
W. General Electric Co. relaxation), Izvestiva Akademii Nauk SSSR.
X. SPS Laboratories, Jenkintown, PA Metallv. (1970), No. 1, pp. 119-122. (In Russian).
Y. Union Carbide Corp. (University of
Michigan) 11. Borzdyka, A.M., "Effect of Repeated Loading on
Z. Westinghouse Electric Corp. the Resistance of Heat-Resistant Chromium-
AA. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nickel Alloys to Stress Relaxation", Strength of
AB. Alcoa Research Laboratories Materials. Nov. 1973, pp. 1085-1087. [Trans-
lated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, Sept.
1972, pp. 53-55.
583
12. Borzdyka, A.M., Astakhova, L. M. , and Sala- 23. Danek, G.J. and Achter, M.R. ,"Stress Relax-
khova, L.I. /'Effect of Heat Treatment on the ation Characteristics of Incoloy 901", U. S. Naval
Relaxation Resistance of the Kh N77 T Yu Alloy", Research Laboratory, NRL Mem. Report 624,
Metal Science and Heat Treatment. Jan.-Feb. Sept. 1956.
1966, pp. 65-67. [Translation from Metallove-
denie i Termlcheskava Obrabotka Metallov. No. 24. Danilovskaya, V. I., Ivanova, G. M., and Rabot-
I, pp. 60-63, Jan. 1966. nov, Yu. N. , (Creep and Relaxation of Chrome-
Molybdenum Steels), Izvestlya, Akademii Nauk
13. Borzdyka, A.M. and Getsov, L. B. , (Relaxation SSSR, Otdelenie Tekhnicheskikh Nauk. (1955),
of Stresses in Metals and Alloys), Izdatel'stvo No. 5, pp. 102-108.
"Metallurgia", Moscow, 1972. (304 pp.; 216 refs.)
25. Davies, V. deL., Augland, B. , and Christen, N. ,
14. Borzdyka, A.M. and Nikitina, L. P., "Compar- "Relaxation of Pearlitic Cast Iron", Journal of
ability of Data Obtained During Relaxation under The Iron and Steel Institute. Vol. 202, (Apr. 1964),
Bending and Tension", Industrial Laboratory. pp. 343-346.
(1973), pp. 1245-1248. [Translation from Zayod-
skava Laboratoriva. No. 8, pp. 984-987, Aug. 26. Davis, E. A./'Creep and Relaxation of Oxygen-
1972. Free Copper", Transactions. American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 65, (1943), Journal
15. Borzdyka, A.M. and Salakhova, L.I., (Study of of Applied Mechanics. Vol. 10, pp. A101-A105.
the effect of stress relaxation on the structure
of austenitic steels), Izvestiva. Akademii Nauk 27. Day, M. F., Cummings, W. M.C., and Mills, G.
SSSR. Metally. (1970), No. 3, pp. 152-157. H. , "Effects of Stress Relief on Creep-Resistance
of Carbon Manganese Steels", British Welding
16. Borzdyka, A. M. and Sveshnikova, G. A., "In- Journal, Vol.12, Nov. 1965, pp. 531-537.
creasing the Relaxation Resistance of Heat Re-
sistant Ni-Cr Alloys by Conditioning", Mfital 28. Day, M. F. and Ferguson, F.R. , "Stress Relax-
Science and Heat Treatment of Alloys, (1973), ation Tests with Elastic Follow-up on Bolt Steels",
pp. 891-895. [Translation from Metallovedenle NEL-212, Jan. 1966, 16 pp. National Engineer-
i Termicheskava Obrabotka Metallov. No. 10, ing Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland.
pp. 53-57, Oct. 1972].
29. Detert, K. and Bertram, W., "Die Relaxation
17. Boyd, J. , "The Relaxation of Copper at Normal glatter Probstabe aus Ni-Cr und Ni-Cr-Co Le-
and Elevated Temperatures", Proceedings. The gierungen", Zusammenstellung der Fachberlchte.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute, Dusseldorf,
Vol. 37, Partn, (1937), pp. 219-232. 3-5 May 1972, Vol. 1, Properties of Creep-
Resistant Steels, Paper V, 5.
18. Briggs, J. Z. and Parker, T. D. , "The Super
12% Cr Steels", Climax Molybdenum Company, 30. Doy, A. and Tomioka, H., "The Influence of
New York, N.Y., (1965), pp. 116-118. nitrogen on the stress relaxation of high carbon
steel wire", Wire and Wire Products. Vol. 42,
19. Buchan, J. , Kent, R. P. , and Kirke, M./'Stress- Oct. 1967, pp. 1778-1783, 1818-1819, 1886-1888.
Relaxation Properties of Some Nickel-Chromium
Alloys for Steam Power Plant", The Engineer, 31. Edmunds, H. G. and White, A. J., "Observations
Vol. 222, No. 5775, Sept. 10, 1966, pp.480-483. on the Effect of Creep Relaxation on High-Strain
Fatigue", Journal of Mechanical Engineering
20. Chernashkin, V. G. and Popelyanskii, Yu. L., Science, Vol. 8, Sept. 1966, pp. 310-321.
"Improving the Method of Testing Wire for Stress
Relaxation", Industrial Laboratory. Vol.32, No. 32. Erker, A. and Mayer, K.H., "Relaxations- und
II, Nov. 1966, pp. 1708-1710. [Translation from Sprodbruchverhalten von warmfesten Schrauben-
Zavodskaya Laboratoriva. Vol. 32, No. 1, Nov. verbindungen", Zusammenstellung der Fachbe-
1966, pp. 1396-1398. rlchte. Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute,
Dusseldorf, 3-5 May 1972, Vol. 1, Properties
21. Chu, H. P. , "Room Temperature Creep and Stress of Creep-Resistant Steels, Paper V, 2.
Relaxation of a Titanium Alloy", Journal of Ma-
terials, Vol. 5, No. 3, (Sept. 1970), pp. 633-642. 33. Fox, A. , "A Simple Test for Evaluating Stress
Relaxation in Bending", Materials Research and
22. Dalcher, A. W. /'Computed Stress-Relaxation Standards, Vol. 4, Sept. 1964, pp. 480-481.
Curves for Hastelloy Alloy N", Atomics Inter-
national, Canoga Park, CA, Report No. NAA- 34. Fox, A., "Stress-Relaxation and Fatigue of Small
SR-MEMO-12590, 1 Nov. 1967, 35 pp. Diameter Wires Used for Miniature Springs",
DATA SOURCES 585
ASME Preprint No. 69-WA/Met 2, American 46. Hacon, J. and Krause, M., "Streuung der Span-
Society of Mechanical Engineers. nungsrelaxation eines 1% CrMoV-Schrauben-
bolzenstahls unter einachsiger Zugbeanspruch-
35. Frey, D. N.,"The General Tensional Relaxation ung", Zusammenstellung der Fachberichte,
Properties of a Bolting Steel", Transactions, Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute, Dusseldorf,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 3-5 May 1972, Vol. 1, Properties of Creep-Re-
73 (1951), pp. 755-760. sistant Steels, Paper V, 1.
36. Gemmill, M. G. and Murray, J. D. , "Bolting 47. Henderson, J. and Snedden, J. D., "Complex-
Materials for High-Temperature Steam-Plant Stress Creep Relaxation of Commercially Pure
Service", Engineering, Vol. 180, No. 4690, Copper at 250 C", NEL Report No. 414, National
Dec. 16, 1955, pp. 824-827. Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow,
1969.
37. Geveling, N. N. , et al, "A Device for Measuring
Stress Relaxation During the Bending of Thin See also: Smith, A.I. and Nicolson, A.M. (Eds.),
Strip Springs", Industrial Laboratory, 1961,pp. Advances in Creep Design, Chap. 10. London:
91-93. [Translation from Zavodskava Laborator- Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1971.
iya, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan. 1961, pp. 88-91.
48. Henderson, J. and Snedded, J.D. , "Complex
38. Getsov, L. B. , "Testing for Stress Relaxation Stress Relaxation of 0.24 Per Cent Carbon Steel
at High Stress Levels", Industrial Laboratory, at 450 C", NEL Report No. 419, National Engin-
Vol. 29, (1963), pp. 1505-1506. [Translated eering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow,
from Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol. 29, (Nov. June 1969, 30 pp.
1963), pp. 1352-1354.
49. Holt, M., Bogardus, K. D. , and Jacobus, P. H.,
39. Gillig, F. J. ."Relaxation Behavior of Titanium "A Method of Measuring Relaxation of Stress for
Alloys", WADC TR 55-458, Part n, Dec. 1956, Aluminum Alloys", Paper No. 69-WA/Met-11,
Wright Air Development Center, Materials The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Laboratory, Dayton, OH.
50. Ivanova, G. M., Kop'ev, I. M., and Fridman, Z.
40. Gohn, G. R. and Fox, A. ,"New Methods for De- G., "Comparative Relaxation Tests on Ring and
termining Stress-Relaxation", Materials Research Cylindrical Specimens", Industrial Laboratory,
and Standards, Vol. 1, Dec. 1961, pp 957-967. Vol. 27,(1961), pp. 76-78. [Translation from
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol. 27, (Jan. 1961),
41. Gohn, G. R. and Fox, A. , "Stress Relaxation in pp. 74-76.
Metallic Springs and Conductors", Electro-
Technology, June 1965, pp. 85-92. 51. Johnson, A. E. , "Creep and Relaxation of Metals
at High Temperatures", Engineering, Vol. 168,
42. Goldhoff,R. M. and Barker, L. B , "Stress- No. 4362, Sept. 2, 1949, pp. 237-239.
Relaxation of a Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
Steel Heat Treated to Various Notch Sensitivities", 52. Johnson, A. E., "Pipe Flanges Research Com-
Proceedings, American Society for Testing and mittee--Third Report", Proceedings, Institution
Materials, Vol. 62,(1962), pp. 1176-1191. of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 168 (1954), pp.
423-444. Addendum by R. W. Bailey, pp. 445-
43. Goldhoff, R.M., Zwicky, E.E., and Bahr, H.C. , 455. Discussion and Communications, pp. 456-463.
"The Effect of Simulated Elastic Follow-up on
the Relaxation Properties of Bolting Steels", 53. Johnson, A. E., Henderson, J., and Mathur, V.
Misc. Paper No. 67-Met-21, American Society D. /'Complex Stress Creep Relaxation of Metal-
of Mechanical Engineers. lic Alloys at Elevated Temperatures", Aircraft
Engineering, Vol. 31,(1959), pp. 75-79, 113-118.
44. Grachev, S. V. and Zubov, V. Ya. , "Stress-Re-
laxation in Quenched Steel Within the First Stage 54. Johnson, W.R. and Crooks, R. D., "The Per-
of Tempering", The Physics of Metals and Metal- formance of Springs at Temperatures above 900
lography, Vol. 15, No. 6, May 1964, pp. 47-51. F", Transactions, Society of Automotive Engin-
eers, Vol. 69,(1961), pp. 325-330.
45. Griffith, J. E. and Marin, J. , "Creep Relaxation
for Combined Stresses", Journal of the Mechan- 55. Kempf, L. W. and Van Horn, K. R., "Relief of
ics and Physics of Solids. Vol. 4, (1956), pp. Residual Stresses in Some Aluminum Alloys",
283-293. Transactions, American Institute of Mining,
Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Vol.
147 (1942), pp. 250-264.
56. Kennedy, C.R. and Douglas, D. A. , "Relaxation 67. Liberman, L. Ya. , and Volkova, N. V. , "Investi-
Characteristics of Inconel at Elevated Tempera- gation of Creep-Relaxation with Straining to
tures", Proceedings, American Society for Test- Rupture", Industrial Laboratory, Vol. 27,(1961),
ing and Materials, Vol. 60, (1960), pp. 867-877. pp. 733-738. [Translated from Zavodskaya Lab-
oratoriya, Vol. 27, June 1961, pp. 3-11].
57. Kermes, J. , (Tests with Relaxation Rings),
Hutnicke Listy, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 1108-1111. 68. Lupakov, I. S. and Stolyarova, A. S. , "Relax-
ation Resistance of Coiled Cylindrical Springs
58. Khein, E. A. , "Calculation of Relaxation Stresses Made of lKhl8N9T Steels", Metal Science and
in a Ring Sample", Industrial Laboratory, Vol. Heat Treatment of Metals, (1961), pp. 498-499.
32, Sept. 1966, pp. 1371-1375. [Translated from [Translated from Metallovedenie i Termiches-
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol. 32 (1966), pp. kaya Obrabotka Metallov. 1
1114-1118.
69. Mangel, G., "Creep of Steel and Concrete in
59. Khein, E. A. , "Long-term Strength in Conditions Relation to Prestressed Concrete", Journal of
of Stress Relaxation", Industrial Laboratory, the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 19, No.
Vol. 32, (1966), pp. 97-100. 6, Feb. 1948, pp. 485-492.
60. Kreyns, P.H. and Burkart, M. W. , "Radiation- 70. Manjoine, M. J. , "Measuring Stress Relaxation
Enhanced Relaxation in Zircaloy-4 and Zr/2. 5 Using a Compliance Method", Journal of Mater-
wt. % Nb, 0. 5 wt. % Cu Alloys", Journal of Nuc- ials, Vol.6, No. 2, June 1971, pp. 253-264.
lear Materials, Vol. 26,(1968), pp. 87-104.
71. Manjoine, M. J. , "Stress Relaxation Character-
61. Krutasova, E.I. and Oparin, A. A. , "A Study of istics of Type 304 Stainless Steel",International
the Relaxation of Residual Stresses in Cold- Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated
Worked 12CrlMoV and 15CrlMoV Steels", Ther- Temperature, Philadelphia, PA, Sept. 1973 and
mal Engineering, (1967), No. 8, pp. 48-51. Sheffield, UK, Apr. 1974. Institution of Mechani-
[Translated from Teploenergetika. (1967), Vol. cal Engineers, Conference Publication 13, (1973)
14, No. 8, pp. 36-39. Paper C165/73.
62. Lane,J.R. and Shahinian, P., "Stress Relaxation 72. Markovets, M. P., "Graphic-Analytic Method of
of Two Austenitic Alloys", NRL Mem. Report Calculating the Time to Failure of Bolts Under
430, Feb. 1955, U.S. Naval Research Labora- Stress Relaxation Conditions", Thermal Power.
tory. (1970), No. 6, pp. 77-79. [Translation from
Teploenergetika, Vol. 17, No. 6, (1970) pp. 52-
63. Lange, G. , "Entspannungsversuche an Kessel- 547]
baustahlen und Stahlguss", Schweissen und
Schneiden, Vol. 19, No. 8, Aug. 1967, pp. 361- 73. Marschall, C.W. and Maringer, R. E., "Stress
364. (In German). Relaxation as a Source of Dimensional Instability",
Journal of Materials, American Society for Test-
64. Lange, G. and Stuewe, H. P. , "Entspannungs- ing and Materials, Vol. 6, June 1971, pp. 374-387.
versuche an Kesselbaustaehlen", Schweissen
und Schneiden, Vol. 21, (1969), pp. 454-458. 74. Mirkin, I. L. and Petropavlovskaya, Z. N., "Ef-
( In German). fect of the Composition of Ferrite on the Resist-
ance of Chromium Steels to Relaxation", Metal
65. Liberman, L. Ya., "Relaxation Strength of El Science and Heat Treatment, (1964), pp. 468-471.
612 and 20KhlMlFl Steels During Tension and [Translated from Metallovedenie i Termiches-
Failure", Metal Science and Heat Treatment of kaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, Aug. 1964, pp.
Metals, (1962), Mar-Apr, pp. 137-141. [Trans- PI]:
lation from Metallovedenie i Termicheskava
Obrabotka Metallov. (1962), No. 4, pp. 6-13. 75. Mirkin, I. L. , Petropavlovskaya, Z. N. , and
Shchenkova, I. A. , "Influence of Alloying Elements
66. Liberman, L. Ya., Relaxation and Creep Strength on the Strength of Interatomic Bonds of Ferrite,
of Hardening Stainless Chromium Steels, In the Composition and Type of Strengthening Phases,
Structure and Properties of Heat-Resistant Metals and the Resistance of Steel to Stress Relaxation",
and Alloys, (1970), pp. 250-257. Israel Program In Structure and Properties of Heat-Resistant
for Scientific Translations, Ltd. , Jerusalem. Metals and Alloys, (1970), pp. 225-231. Israel
Translated into English and published for NASA Program for Scientific Translations, Ltd., Jerus-
and NSF from the book "Struktura i Svoistva alem. Translated into English and published for
Zharoprochnykh Metallicheskikh Materialov", NASA and NSF from the book "Struktura i Svoistva
M. V. Pridantsev, ed. , 380 pp. , Moscow, Iz- Zharaprochnykh Metallicheskikh Materialov, M. V.
datel'stvo Nauka, 1967. Pridantsev, ed. , 380 pp. , Moscow, Izdatel'stvo
Nauka, 1967.
DATA SOURCES 587
76. Mirkin, I. L. , Trusov, L. P., and Petropavlov- 86. Pech, R. , (Relaxation of Austenltlc Heat-Re-
skaya, Z. N. , "Low-Alloyed Heat-Resistant sistant Steels), Hutnlcke Listy, Vol. 14, No. 12,
Steels for Power Plants", Metal Science and (1957), pp. 1119-1121. (In Czech).
Heat Treatment, (1965), pp. 704-708.
87. Pech, R., et al, (Machines for Relaxation Test-
77. Newhouse, D. L. , Seguin, B. R. , andLape,E. ing), Hutnicke Listy, Vol. 12, No. 12,(1957),
M. , "Some 12 per cent Chromium Alloys for pp. 1103-1106. (In Czech).
1000 Fto 1200 F Operation", Transactions,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 88. Petropavlovskaya, Z. N. , Borzdyka, A. N. , and
Vol. 76, (1954), pp. 1107-1120; Discussion, Merlina, A. V., (Relaxation Resistance of High-
pp. 1120-1122. Chromium Steel), Metallovedenle i Termiches-
kaya Obrabotka Metallov, May 1959, No. 5, pp.
78. Nikitina,L. P. , "A Precise Expression for Stress 45-50. [Translation: Metal Science and Heat
Relaxation", Industrial Laboratory. Vol. 27, Treatment of Metals, May 1959, No. 5, pp. 45-
(1961), pp. 738-745. [ Translated from Zavod- 50.]
skaya Laboratoriva. Vol. 27, June 1961.]
89. Petropavlovskaya, Z. N. , Borzdyka, A. N., and
79. Oding, I. A. .Editor,"Creep and Stress Relax- Merlina, A. V., "Properties of Relaxation Re-
ation", Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1965. Eng- sistant Steel Khl2VMBFR (El 993)". Metal Sci-
lish edition translated by E. Bishop from the ence and Heat Treatment, July-Aug. 1962, pp.
original Russian published by Metallurgizdat, 297-299. [Translation from Metallovedenle i
Moscow, 1959. English editor A. J. Kennedy. Termicheskava Obrabotka Metallov, 1962, No.
7, pp. 34-37.]
80. Oding, I. A. and Aleshkin, F. I., (Some Peculi-
arities of the Temperature Dependence of Stress 90. Pokorny, R. , "Relaxationsversuche bei wech-
Relaxation Criteria for EI437B Alloy). Akadem- selnden Temperaturen", Neue Hutte. Vol. 11,
iya Nauk SSSR, Izvestiva. Metallv. (1965), Nov. - No. 6, June 1966, pp. 364-366. (In German).
Dec. 1965, No. 6, pp. 97-105. (In Russian).
91. Pouillard, E. /'Machine pour l'Etude de la Re-
81. Oding, I. A. and Aleshkin, F. I. , "Temperature laxation isother me", Revue de Metallurgle, Vol.
Dependence of Relaxation Characteristics of 58, May 1961, pp. 407-415.
Khl8N9 Steel", Metal Science and Heat Treat-
ment. Jan.-Feb. 1967, pp. 7-9. [Translated 92. Roberts, D. F. T., Blore, M. D. H. , and Ridgeway,
from Metallovedenle i Termicheskava Obra- W. F. , "An Anisothermal Tensile Stress Relax-
botka Metallov. No. 1, Jan. 1967, pp. 5-7. ation Apparatus", Papers, Joint International
Conference on Creep, 1963, Institution of Mech-
82. Oding, I. A. and Lepin, G. F. , "Interplay of Creep anical Engineers, London, 1963, pp. 6-59 to
and Stress Relaxation", Metal Science and Heat 6-65.
Treatment of Metals, 1959, No. 9, Sept., pp. 3-7.
[Translated from Metallovedenle i Termicheskava 93. Rosenstein, A. H. , "Interpretation of Stress-
Obrabotka Metallov. Sept. 1959, No. 9, pp. 2-8. Relaxation Data for Stress-Relief Applications",
Journal of Materials, Vol. 6, No. 2, June 1971,
83. Oliver, D. A. and Harris, G. T., "Some Proven pp. 265-281.
Gas-Turbine Steels and Related Developments",
In High-Temperature Steels and Alloys for Gas 94. Schaum, J. H. , "Stress Relief of Gray Cast Iron",
Turbines, ISI Special Report 43, (1952). pp. 45- Transactions, American Foundrymen's Society,
59. Vol. 56, (1948), pp. 265-278.
84. Osasyuk, V. V. , "Method of Determining Stress- 95. Schmieder, A. K. and Robinson, R. S. , "Com-
Relaxation Characteristics for a Complex Stressed parison of Manual to Automatic Unloading During
State", Industrial Laboratory. Vol. 23, No. 9, Relaxation Tests", pp. 118-133, In Recent Devel-
Sept. 1966, pp. 1368-1370. [Translated from opments in Mechanical Testing. ASTM STP No.
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol.23, Sept. 1966, 608, (1976), American Society for Testing and
pp. 1111-1113. Materials.
85. Osasyuk, V. V. , (Stress relaxation characteris- 96. Seidel, H. and Elze, R. , "Relaxationsverhalten
tics obtained by various methods), Problemy warmfester Stahle", Neue Hutte. Vol. 11, No. 2,
Prochnosti, Vol. 2, Nov. 1970, pp. 58-60. (In May 1966, pp. 306-313. (In German).
Russian).
97. Shahinian, P. "Influence of Cold Work on Strength 107. Taira, S., Suzuki, F., and Iwagami, Y. ."Re-
of Steel at Elevated Temperatures", Transactions laxation of Combined Stress System of Tension
of the ASM, Vol. 48, (1956), pp. 952-967. Dis- and Torsion", Proceedings, 7th Japan Congress
cussion, pp. 967-970. on Testing Materials, Society of Materials Sci-
ence, Kyoto, Japan, (1964), pp. 62-66. (In
98. Shahinian, P. and Achter, M.R., "Stress Relax- English).
ation Properties of Udimet 500", U. S. Naval Re-
search Laboratory, NRL Mem. Report 723, July 108. Taira, S., Suzuki, F., and Yamaguchi, M.,
1957. "Relaxation of 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steel", Trans-
actions, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,
99. Shinoda, T. and Sasaki, R., "On the Properties Vol. 28, No. 188, Apr. 1962, pp. 459-467. (In
of 1 Cr - 1/2 Mo - 1/4 V Steel Respecting its Stress Japanese with English Abstract).
Relaxation", Japan Society of Materials Science,
Journal, Vol. 18, No. 194, Nov. 1969, pp. 26-32. 109. Tseitlln, V. S. and Kalugina, 1.1., "Relaxation
of High-Strength Cast Irons with Spheroidal
100. Smith, A. I., et al, "Creep, Stress-Relaxation, Graphite", Metal Science and Heat Treatment
and Metallurgical Properties of Steels for Steam of Metals, (1962), pp. 326-328. [Translated
Power Plant Operating with Steam Temperatures from Metallovedenle i Termicheskava Obra-
above 950F(510C)", Proceedings, Institution of botka Metallov. ]
Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 171, (1957), No. 34,
pp. 918-942. 110. Vasil'ev, G. V., (Investigation of the Relaxation
of Alloys EI-437B and EI-617), Kazanskii Avi-
101. Snedden, J. D. and Henderson, J, "Stress Re- atsionnyi Institute, Trudy, Seriia Prikladnala
laxation and its Effect on Subsequent Creep of a Mekhantka, No. 95, (1968), pp. 53-66. ( In
0.24% C Steel", Zusammenstellung der Fachbe- Russian).
richte, Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute, Dus-
seldorf, 3-5 May 1972, Vol. 1, Properties of 111. Volkova, T.I., "Composition Changes in Pearl-
Creep-Resistant Steels, Paper IV, 6. itic Steel for Increasing Relaxation Resistance
at 580C", Metal Science and Heat Treatment of
102. Spare, G. T., "Creep and Relaxation of High Metals, Jan.-Feb. 1962, pp. 50-54.
Strength Steel Wires at Room Temperature",
Wire and Wire Products, Vol. 27, Oct. 1952, 112. Vol'nov, N. N., Melekhin, A.K., and Ovsyan-
pp. 1058-1061, 1119-1120. nikov, B. M., "Relaxation Testing of Wire by
Measuring the Frequencies of Natural Trans-
103. Stafford, J.A. and Gemmill, M. G., "Stress- verse Oscillations of Stressed Samples", In-
Relaxation Behavior of Chromium-Molybdenum dustrial Laboratory, Vol. 32, No. 11, Nov.
and Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium Bolting 1966, pp. 1704-1707.
Materials", Proceedings, Institution of Mechan-
ical Engineers, Vol. 171, (1957), pp. 834-842. 113. Voorhees, H. R. and Freeman, J. W., "Notch
Sensitivity of Heat-Resistant Alloys at Elevated
104. Sticha, E. A. , "Relaxation Behavior of Titanium Temperatures", WADC Technical Report 54-175:
Alloys", WADC Technical Report 55-458, Part Part 1. Preliminary Studies of the influence
I, Wright Air Development Center, Wright- of Relaxation and Metallurgical Variables, Aug.
Patterson Air Force Base, OH, Feb. 1969. 1954;
Part 2. Analysis of Notch-bar Rupture Pro-
105. Stone, P. G. and Murray, J. D. , "Metallurgical perties in Terms of Smooth-bar Properties,
Aspects of Ferritic Bolt Steels", pp. 483-493. Jan. 1956;
In High-Temperature Properties of Steels, The Part 3. Final Data and Correlations, Sept.;
Iron and Steel Institute, Publication No. 97, 1956.
(1967). Wright Air Development Center, Dayton, OH.
106. Suzuki, F., "Dynamic Stress Relaxation Due to 114. Vorotnikov, G. S. and Rovinskii, B. M. , (Com-
Cyclic Variation of Strain at Elevated Tempera- parative evaluation of results in relaxation
ture", International Conference on Creep and studies of ring and cylindrical specimens),
Fatigue at Elevated Temperature, Philadelphia, Problemy Prochnosti, Vol. 2, June 1970, pp.
PA, Sept. 1973 and Sheffield, UK, April 1974. 25-27.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference
Publication 13 (1973), Paper C251/73. 115. Watson, S. J., "Short-time Creep-relaxation
Tests: Effect of Methods of Loading", Engineer-
ing, London, Vol. 179, No. 4658, May 6, 1955,
pp. 565-566.
DATA SOURCES 589
116. Wellinger, K., "Dauerstandversuche unter Auf- 128. "Engineering Properties of Wrought Nickel
nahme von Zeit-Spannungs-Kurven", Archly fur Silvers", Internation Nickel Co., New York,
das Elsenhuttenwesen. Vol. 12, May 1939, pp.
543-552. 129. "Inco Work Sheets on Nickel Silvers", Inter-
Wellinger, K. and Keil, E., "Der Spannungs- national Nickel Co. , New York,
abfall In Stahlschrauben bel hoherer Temperatur
unter Last", Archly fur das Elsenhuttenwesen, 130. "The T. R. Machine for Creep Tests", A. D.A.
Vol. 15, No. 10, Apr. 1942, pp. 475-478. M. E.L., Paris, France.
117. Wheatley, C. and Pope, J. A., "An Investigation 131. Tests run at Materials Technology Corporation,
into the Creep Properties of Two Cast Irons", Ann Arbor, MI, sponsored by The Metal Prop-
North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and erties Council, Inc, Subcommittee 5 on Relaxation,
Shipbuilders, Transactions, Vol. 75 ( 1958-59), M. J. Manjoine Chairman.
pp. 331-354.
132. Fox, A., "Stress Relaxation in Bending of Cop-
118. Wiegand, H. and Beelich, K.H., "Relaxation bel per-Nickel-Tin Alloy Strip Strengthened by
statischer Beanspruchung von Schraubenver- Spinoidal Decomposition", Journal of Testing
bindungen", Draht-Welt, Vol. 54, No. 5, (1968), and Evaluation, Vol. 7, No. 5, Sept. 1979, pp.
pp. 306-322. 286-290.
119. Wiegand, H. and Beelich, K. H., Relaxations-
verhalten hochfester Schraubenverbindungen",
Konstruktion, Vol. 17, (1965), pp. 315-320.
120. Wilson, J. F. and Garofalo, F., "Stress Relax-

ation in Metals Plastically Prestrained in Com-
pression", Materials Research and Standards,
Vol. 6, Feb. 1966, pp. 85-92.
121. Wood, D. S. , "Stress Relaxation Tests on Press-

ure Vessel and Low-Alloy Steels", pp. 101-110,
In: Steels for Reactor Pressure Circuits, The
Iron and Steel Institute, London, Special Report
No. 69, (1961).
122. Woolman, J., "Note on Relaxation Tests on Cast

Iron", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
Vol. 168, July 1951, p. 287.
See also: Grant, J.W., "Mechanical Properties
of Ingot Mould Irons", Ibid, pp. 263-272.
123. Wylie, R.D., "A Study of the Stress Relieving

of Welds in High Temperature Power Piping
Systems", paper for presentation at National
Meeting of the American Welding Society, Apr.
1968, Chicago, IL.
124. Zingg, E. , "Stress-Relieving Tests with S. G.
Iron", Sulzer Technical Review, Vol. 44, No.
4,(1962), pp. 25-34.
125. "Durehete 900 (High Temperature Bolting Steel)",

Alloy Digest, SA-138, Dec. 1962, (2 pp.)
126. "Durehete 950 (High Temperature Bolting Steel)",

Alloy Digest, SA-145, May 1963, (2 pp.)
127. "Durehete 1050 ( High Temperature Bolting
Steel)", Alloy Digest, SA-111, Feb. 1961.(2 pp.)

Manjoine M. J., Voorhees H. R.-Compilation of Stress-Relaxation Data For Engineering Alloys PDF

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Manjoine M. J., Voorhees H. R.-Compilation of Stress-Relaxation Data For Engineering Alloys PDF

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014

Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

ASTM Data Series Publication DS 60

ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN)

1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103

Printed in Baltimore, Md. (c)

1. Stress Relaxation of Metals Anelasticity results from internal friction and

This book compiles stress relaxation data for

Research on stress relaxation has been dictated

1. Design data for bolting and spring applications

5. Utilization of Stress Relaxation 6. References

R14. Kanter, J. J. , "Interpretation and Use of Creep

R17. Krempl, E. , "An Experimental Study of Room-

Fig. 1 - Comparative 1000-hour relaxation strengths for several classes of alloys

o\. Initial Stress, ksi

Fig. 2 - Relaxation of solution-annealed type 304 stainless steel

30 _l I ''I ' I I I I I I I I I I | LJJ I I I I

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Fig. 3 - Relaxation of a 20 % cold-worked type 304 stainless steel

8 _ No Relaxation For Initial

Fig. 4 - Remaining stress for an annealed type 304

Copyright by ASTM Int'l Copyright

The symbol # in a right margin calls attention Units for Stress

lksi 1 6.894747 0.7030696 0.4464286

NODULAR CAST IRON ( DUCTILE IRON ) 19 to 26

1.2-inch diameter cast test bar.

o form and size, history of material. s

800 14.0 13.1 11.8 11.0 15

Chemical composition, % by wt. 6 u. O fc - E ._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure

94 3.60 0.64 2.49 0.378 0.076

94 3.16 1.13 1.70 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.064 0.190

1050 5.6 2.7 0.6

1100 3.0 1.3 0.15

Medium-coarse flake graphite openly dis- o

11 122 3.84 0.66 1.61 0.21 0.065 59 15.9

O MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m2 ill

Com- 9 25 [ Continuation from previous page. ] 752 24.9 21.5 19.8

Medium-flake graphite randomly distri- >

13 94 3.51 0.69 2.15 0.25 0.25 0.04 0.138 0.113

14 94 3.29 0.97 2.18 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.112 0.135 M

1050 7.7 4.0 2.55

1050 6.0 2.95 0.8

3 torn E z strain. stress. stress. time. Relaxation-test procedure and comments

1100 10.3 5.2 2.1

Gray Cast Iron

Material numbers corresponding to points below

Solid sy mbols sign fy compres sion tests

Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below o

Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi

1000 F (538 c). / /

Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi

Chemical composition, % by wt.

19 124 662 0.2 63.4 58.5 54.7 7 Manual load reductions.

20 124 662 0.1 39.9 38.3 37.0 Manual load reductions.

1022 0.1 12.3 6.2 3.3

842 28.4 11.1 7.05

Solid points: Pearlitic

Material numbers corresponding to points below

Initial stress, ksi

Material numbers corresponding to points below

932 to 1022 F (500 to.550 C)

Initial stress, ksi

Relaxation of torsion stress. Material numbers 3,16,27,28,31,32,42