ACFrOgCyIXJ8SRVits5Y0sBmxnk3TCULJdX c3g0VoRoK0VvhYEbdBpb0y4nn6m4Ln0OpvqM2NT8ulpw9t2REe - sL7wBZ - V4COJaY7g7d3aHO U7rgFYkLGwci3MZA

l kekU; v ; ; u
Hkkj r h; j kt O;oLFkk
i zkj fEHkd i j h{kk
call-9910852132/
9650682121
v Hk; d q
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Hkkj r h; j kt O;oLFkk
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1- la oS/ kfud fod kl 24- Hkkj r d k egkU;k; koknh ( v uq PNsn 76)
2- Hkkj r h; l fao/ ku l Hkk 25- d sUnzh; l r d Z r k v k; ksx
3- Hkkj r h; l fao/ ku d sl zksr 26- i z'kkl fud v f/ d j . k ( v uq PNsn&323&d )
4- Hkkj r d sj k"Vh; i zrhd 27- Hkkj r h; j kt O ; oLFkk esaoj h; r k v uq e
5- la fo/ ku l Hkk d sHkkx , oad q N egRoi w . kZv uq
PNsn 28- j kT; d h d k; Z i kfy d k o fo/ kf; d k
6- la fo/ ku d h v uq lwfp; ka 29- j kT; l a ca/ ( Hkkx&11 , oa12 v kS j v uqPNsn 245
7- Hkkj r h; l fao/ ku d h i zfr l s293 r d )
8- Hkkj r h; l afo/ ku d h msf' kd k v Fkok i zLr kouk 30- ; kst uk v k; ksx
9- la ?k d k j kT; {ks=k v kS
j j kT; ksad k fuek.Zk 31- j k"Vh; fod kl i fj "kn~
10- Hkk"kk; h v k/ kj i j j kT; ksad k i q uxZBu
32- va r j kZ
T; h; i fj "kn~( v uq PNsn 263)
11- ukxfj d r k ( Hkkx&2 v uq PNsn 5 l s11)
33- la ?k , oaj kT; d sv / hu l sok; sa
12- ew y v f/ d kj
34- v ki kr mi ca /
13- j kT; d suhfr funs'kd fl ka r ( Hkkx 4 v uq PNsn
35- Hkkj r esai a p k; r h j kt
36 l s51)
36- Hkkj r esauxj h; ' kkl u
14- ekS fy d d r Z O;
15- j k"Vi fr 37- fuokZ p u v k; ksx ( Hkkx 15] v uq PNsn 324 l s
16- mi j k"Vi fr 329)
17- i z/ kuea=kh 38- j kt uhfr d ny
18- la ln 39- j kt Hkk"kk ( Hkkx 17)
19- ( v uq PNsn 368) l a fo/ ku l a ' kks/ u i zf; k 40- oS / kfud , oaLok; r l a xBu
20- U; k; i kfy d k 41- la fo/ ku esai zeq [kl a ' kks/ u
21- la fpr fuf/ ( v uq PNsn & 266( 1) ) 42- egRoi w . kZ' kCnkofy ; ka
22- v kd fLed r k fuf/ ( v uq PNsn&267) 43- oLr q fu"B i z'u
23- Hkkj r d k fu; a =kd , oaegky s[kk i j h{kd ( v uq PNsn
148 l s151)
"Study material is distributed free of cost to students, not for sale or circulation".
Thanks & regards

GSI
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
1- l a
oS
/ kfud fod kl
1773 d kj sX; q y sfVax , DV& bl , DV dks1773 esafczfV' k 1833 d k pkVZ j , DV& bl , DV i j v kS | ksfxd kafr
l lan }kjki kl fd; kx; krFkk1774 esabl sykxwfd; kx; kAbl mnkjoknhuhfr; ksadkf; kUo; u rFkk yslst i sQ ; j dsfl ka r dh
v f/ fu; e dsi zko/ ku dsrgr ( 1) dksVZv kW i QMkbjsDVj dk Nki FkhAbl dkeq [ ; i zko/ ku ( 1) dEi uhdkO;ki kfjd , dkf/
dk; Z d ky 1 o"kZdsLFkku i j 4 o"kZdj fn; k x; kA( 2) i Q ksVZ dkj i w . kZ
r %l ekIr gksx; kA( 2) dEi uhdsv c dsoy jkt uhfr
fofy; e i zslhMsa l h( ca xky) dsi z'kkl d dksv c v a xstz h{ks=kksadk v f/ dkj FksA( 3) ca xky dk xouZ j t ujy v c Hkkjr dk xouZ j
xouZ j t ujy dgkt kusyxkrFkkml dsl g; ksx dsfy, 4 l nL; ksa t ujy gksx; kA( 4) Hkkjrh; dkuw uksadksl a
fpr] fyfi c rFkk
dh, d dk; Z d kfj.khcukbZx; h] ft l sfu; e cukusrFkkv ; kns'k lq/ kjusdsms'; l s, d fof/ v k; ksx dkxBu fd; kx; kA( 5)
i kfjr djusdk v f/ dkj fn; k x; kA xouZ j t ujy dksv i us fu; q
fDr; ksadsfy, ; ksX; rk l a ca/ h eki na
M dksv i ukdj HksnHkko
dkS fl y dsfo# dk; Zdjusdkv f/ dkj ughaFkkA( 3) dydkk
a dksl ekIr dj fn; kx; kA( 6) Hkkjr esankl rkdksv oS / ( 1843
esa, d l iqzhe dksVZdh LFkki uk dh xbZ ] ft l esav a xzst h fof/ l s
esai zfrca f/ r) ?kksf"kr fd; k x; kA
U;k; gksrk FkkA( 4) deZ pkfj; ksadk fut h O;ki kj i zfrca f/ r dj
fn; kx; kA 1853 d k pkVZ j , sDV& bl ds }kjk ( 1) dEi uh dks
1784 d k fi V~ l ba fM; k , sDV& bl , sDV dsfookn dks fczfV' kl jdkj dhv ksj l sHkkjr dk{ks=kVLV ds: i esarc rd
ysd j fczVsu esaykMZukFkZrFkk i Q kW
Dl dhfeyh&t q y hl jdkj dks j[ kusdhv kKknhx; ht c rd fd fczfV' kl a l n , slkpkgsA( 2)
R;kxi =knsuki M+ kFkkA; g i gykvkS j vafre vol j Fkk] t c fdl h fof/ l nL; v c xouZ j t ujy dsdkmfUl y dk i .wkZl nL; cu
Hkkjrh; ekeyksai j fczfV' kl jdkj fxj x; hFkhAbl v fkfu; e ds x; kA( 3) l jdkjhl sokv ksaesafu; q fDr; kv c MkbjsDVjksads}kjku
eq[ ; i zko/ ku ( 1) }S / ' kkl u dhLFkki uk&dksVZv kW i QMk; jsDVl Z gksd j i zfr; ksxhi jh{kkv ksa}kjkgksusyxhA
( O;ki kfjd ekeyksadsfy, ) v kS j cksMZv kWi Qda Vksy ( jkt uhfrd 1858 d k pkVZ j , DV& ( 1) dEi uh dk ' kkl u l ekIr
ekeyksadsfy, ) ] t ks1856 rd dk; e jgkA ( 2) cEcbZrFkk dj ml dh ft Eesokjh fczfV' k kW mu dksl kS
i nh x; hAHkkjr dk
a
enzkl i zslhMsfUl ; k Hkh xouZ j t ujy , oamudsi fj"kn dsv / hu xouZ j t ujy v c ok; l jk; dgk t kusyxkA ( 2) cksMZv kW iQ
gksx; hA a( 3) xouZ j t ujy dhi fj"knksadhl a [ ; k3 dj nhx; h
da Vksy , oacksMZv kW
i QMk; jsDVj dk l eLr v f/ dkj ^Hkkjr
v kSj xouZ j dksi fj"kn~i j fo' ks"kv fkdkj fn; kx; kA( 4) xouZ j
l fpo* dksl kS i fn; k x; kA Hkkjr l fpo fczfV' k ea
a f=kea
My dk
t ujy cksMZv kW i Qda Vksy dhv uq efr dsfcukfdl hHkkjrh; ujs'k
l nL; gksrk FkkAft l dh l gk; rk dsfy, 15 l nL; h; Hkkjrh;
l s; q , oal fa/ ughadj l drk FkkA
i fj"kn dkxBu fd; kx; kA( 3) Hkkjrh; ekeyksai j fczfV' kl a
ln
1786 d k pkVZ j , sDV& ; g , sDV dkW uZokfyl dksHkkjr
ykusdsms'; l syk; kx; kAbl ds}kjkeq [ ; l suki fr dh' kfDr dk l h/ k v f/ dkj LFkkfi r gksx; kA
xouZ j t ujy esafufgr dj nh xbZ A v c xouZ j t ujy fo' ks"k 1861 d k Hkkj r h; i fj "kn v f/ fu; e& ( 1) ; g i gyk
i fjfLFkfr esai fj"kn dsfu.kZ ; dksj dj l drk FkkA , slk v f/ fu; e Fkk ft l esafoHkkxh; i z.kkyh , oaea f=ke.Myh;
1793 d k pkVZ j , sDV& bl ds}kjk ya nu fLFkr fu; a =k.k i z.kkyh dh uha o j[ kh x; hA( 2) ok; l jk; dh dk; Z d kfj.kh dk
ckMsZdsl nL; ksa, oadeZ pkfj; ksadsosrukfn Hkkjrh; dk"skl snsusdk foLrkj gq v kA( 3) ok; l jk; dksi gyhckj v ; kns'k t kjhdjus
fu.kZ ; fd; k x; k] t ksO;oLFkk 1919 rd dk; e jghA , oafo/ ku i fj"kn }kjk i kfjr fof/ ; ksadsfo# ohVksdjusdh
1813 d kpkVZ j , sDV&bl vf/ fu; e dseq [ ; i zkokku&(1) ' kfDr i znku dhxbZ A( 4) ok; l jk; dksu; si zka
r ksadhLFkki ukrFkk
dEi uhdsO;ki kfjd , dkf/ dkj dksl ekIr dj fn; kx; k] fdUrq ml dh l hekv ksaesai fjorZu dk v fkdkj fn; k x; kA
mudsphu l srFkkpk; dsO ; ki kj i j , dkfkdkj dk; e jgkA(2)
1892 d k Hkkj r h; i fj "kn v f/ fu; e& ( 1) dsUnzh; rFkk
dEi uh dsHkkxhnkjksadksHkkjrh; jkt Lo l s10 ykHkka ' k nsusdk
i zka
r h; fo/ ku i fj"knksadh l nL; l a
[ ; k esaof dh x; hA( 2)
fu' p; fd; kx; kA( 3) Hkkjrh; ksadsfy, , d yk[ k#i ; kokf"kZ d
f' k{kk esal q/ kj] l kfgR; esal q / kj , oai qu#RFkku dsfy, v kS j pq uko i fr dhv i zR;{k' kq #v kr gq
bZ
AfuokZ pu dhi fr i w . kZ
r; k
Hkkjrh; i zns'kksaesafoKku dhi zxfr dsfy, [ kpZdjusdki zko/ ku v i zR;{kFkhA( 3) i fj"kn dsHkkjrh; l nL; ksadksokf"kZ
d ct V i j
fd; kx; kA( 4) i zFke ckj v a xzst ksadhHkkjr i j l a o/Skfud fLFkfr cgl djusrFkk l jdkj l si z'u i w Nusdk v f/ dkj fn; k x; k]
Li "V dh x; hA fdUrqosv uq iw
j d i z'u ughai wN l drsFksA
Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building
Synergy call- 9910852132/9650682121 3 Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Opp. post office, Delhi-110009
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
1909 d k Hkkj r h; i fj "kn v f/ fu; e& ( 1) eq l yekuksa dksnksHkkxksaesa( l a j f{kr , oagLrka r fjr) esafoHkkft r fd; k x; kA
dsfy, i Fkd erkf/ dkj , oai Fkd fuokZ pu {ks=kksadhLFkki ukdh la j f{kr fo"k; dk i z'kkl u xouZ j t ujy dq N i k"kZ nksadhl gk; rk
xbZ A( 2) Hkkjrh; ksadksfof/ fuekZ . k ; k i z'kkl u nksuka sesai zfrfuf/ l sdjrk Fkk] t ksl a ?kh; O;oLFkkfi dk dsi zfr mkjnk; h ughaFksA
Ro i znku fd; k x; kA( 3) dsUnzh; , oai zka r h; i fj"kn dsl nL; gLrka r fjr fo"k; ksadk i z'kkl u ea f=k; ksadksl kS i k x; kAea
a =kh fo/ ku
ct V i j cgl dj l drsFksv kS j v uq iw j d i z'u i w N l drsFksA e.My dsl nL; ksaesal spq ust krsFksrFkkml dsi zfr mkjnk; hgksrs
( 4) dsUnzh; o i zkrah; dk; Z d kfj.kh i fj"kn esa, d&, d Hkkjrh; FksA
l nL; fu; q Dr gq ,A bl ds}kjk 6 i z ka
r ksaesaf}l nuh; rFkk5 i zka r ksaesa, d l nuh;
i zfr f; k% & fo/ ku ea MyksadsO;oLFkk dh xbZ A
ds - , e- eq ' kh& bUgksa
a usmHkjrsgq , i zt kra =k dksekj MkykA bl ds}kjk , d l a ?kh; U;k; ky; dsxBu dh O;oLFkk dh
et w enkj&; g l q / kj dsoy pUnzek dspknuh dsl eku gS A
a xbZ Abl U;k; ky; dksekS fyd v i hyh; rFkk i jke' kZ nk=kh
{ks=kkf/ dkj i zkIr FkkA; g , d v fHkys[k U;k; ky; Hkh FkkA
1919 d k Hkkj r l j d kj v f/ fu; e ( ekW . VX; qpsEl i Q ksMZ
; g U;k; ky; v i hy dk l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; ughaFkkAbl ds
lq kkj ) & ( 1) bl esai gyh ckj mkjnk; h ' kkl u ' kCnksadk Li "V
fu.kZ ; ksadsfo# ba XyS Mdhi zhohdkS
a fl y esav i hy dht k
a
i z;ksx fd; kx; kA( 2) i zR;{kfuokZ pu i z.kkyhykxwdhx; hA(2)
l drh FkhA
fl [ kk]sa ; w
j ksfi ; uksa
] ,a Xyksba fM; uksa, oaHkkjrh; bZ l kbZdksi Fkd
i fzrfuf/ Ro fn; kx; kA( 4) dsUnzesaf}l nuh; O;oLFkkdhx; h] la ?kh; fo"k; dh dsa nzh; l w ph ( 59 fo"k; ) ] i zka r h; l w ph
i gyk jkT; i fj"kn v kS j nw l jkdsUnzh; fo/ ku l HkkAdsUnzh; fo/ ku ( 54 fo"k; ) v kS j l eorhZl w ph ( 36 fo"k; ) cukbZxbZ A
l Hkkdkdk; Z d ky rhu o"kZdkFkk] ft l sok; l jk; c<+ kHkhl drk fjt oZcS d v kW
a i Qba fM; k dh LFkki uk dh xbZ A
FkkA( 5) ct V i j cgl rksgksl drhFkh] fdUrqml i j ernku ; g u; k l a fo/ ku v uE; FkkAbl esal a ' kks/u djusdkv f/
dk v f/ dkj ughaFkkA( 6) Hkkjrh; dk; Zdhns[k&Hkky dsfy, dkj dsoy v a xzst h l a l n dksgh FkkA
, d u; k v f/ dkjh Hkkjrh; mPpk; q Dr fu; q Dr fd; k x; kA( 7)
Hkkjr jkT; l fpo dhi fj"kn l ekIr dj nhxbZ, oal a ?kh;
i kzraksaesa}S/ ' kkl u dh LFkki uk gq bZ& i gyk v kjf{kr , oanw l jk
i zkf/ dj.k dh LFkki uk dh xbZ A
gLrka r fjrAv kjf{kr fo"k; ksadk i z'kkl u xouZ j t ujy v i us}kjk
euksuhr i k"kZ nksa}kjkdjrkFkkAgLrka r fjr fo"k; ksadk' kkl u fuokZ fpr l ka i znkf; d fuokZ pu dks v kS j c<+ kdj bl s gfjt uksard
l nL; ksa}kjk pyk; kt krk FkkAt ksmkjnk; hFksA( 8) l Hkhfo"k; ksa foLrr fd; k x; kA
dksdsUnzrFkk i zka r ksaesacka Vk x; kAdsUnzh; fo"k; & fons'kh ekeys] i zfr f; k
j{kk] Mkd&rkj] l koZ t fud .k v kfnA i zka r h; fo"k; & LFkkuh; t okgjyky us g: usbl s^v uS fPNd] v i zt krka =kh; v kS j
Lo' kkl u] f' k{kk] fpfdRl k] Hkw fe] t y l a Hkj.k] v dky l gk; rk] v jk"Voknh l a fo/ ku* dh l a Kk nhA
f"k O;oLFkk v kfnA( 9) i zka r ksaesa}S / ' kkl u i z.kkyh 1 v i zS y ft U uk usbl si w . kZ
r ; k l M+ k gq v k] ewy : i l scq j k v kSj
1921 dksykxwdhx; ht ksv i zS y 1937 rd pyrhjghA( 10) fcYoq Qy v Lohr cryk; kA
fL=k; ksadksl Hkk dsfy, erkf/ dkj fn; k x; kA
t okgjyky us g: usbl sv usd czsd ksaokyki ja r qbat u jfgr
dka xzsl usbl , sDV dksfujk' kkt ud , oav l a r k"ski zn dgkA e' khu dh l a Kk nhA
1935 d k Hkkj r l j d kj v f/ fu; e& bl s3 t q y kbZ1936 t okgjyky us g: usbl snkl rk dk u; k pkVZ j dgkA
dksykxwfd; k x; kAoS l si w. kZ
: i l spq ukoksadsckn v i zS y 1937
enu eks gu ekyoh; usbl sck : i l st ura =koknh , oa
esa; g ykxwgq v kAbl v f/ fu; e esadq y 321 v uq PNsn , oa10
v uw lw fp; kaFkhA abl ds}kjkHkkjr esal oZ i zFke l a ?kh; ' kkl u i z.kkyh va nj l s[ kks[kyk dgkA
dksi zkjEHk fd; k x; kA bl l a ?k esa11 fczfV' k i zka r ] 6 phi Q Hkkj r h; Lok/ hur k v f/ fu; e 1947& ok; l jk; ykMZ
dfe' uj ds{ks=k , oaosns'khfj; kl rsat ksml esaLosPNkl s' kkfey ekma VcsVu dh ; kst uk i j v k/ kfjr ; g fo/ s;d 4 t q y kbZdks
gku sk pkgrh Fkh]a ' kkfey FksA fcfV' kl a l n esai s'kfd; kx; kA18 t q
y kbZ1947 dks' kkghl aLrq
fr
bl ds}kjki zkraksaesa}S / ' kkl u O;oLFkkdksl ekIr dj fn; k feyusi j ; g fo/ s;d v f/ fu; e cukAbl v f/ fu; e dseq [;
x; k , oadsUnzesa}S / ' kkl u O;oLFkkv i uk; hx; hAl a ?kh; fo"k; i zko/ ku bl i zd kj gS & ( 1) Hkkjr dk foHkkt u] ml dsLFkku i j
a

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
Hkkjr rFkki kfdLrku uked nksv f/ jkT; dhLFkki uk(2) Hkkjrh; 3t w u 1947 dsfoHkkt u ; kst ukdsckn l a fo/ ku l Hkkdk
fj; kl rksadks; g v f/ dkj fn; kx; kfd v i uhbPNkuq l kj Hkkjr ; k iquxZ Bu fd; kx; kv kS j ml dhl a [ ; k324 fu; r dhx; hA
i kfdLrku esajgusdk fu.kZ ; ysl drh gS A( 3) t c rd nksuksa r nFkZl fefr &j k"Vh; ot d sfy ,
v f/ jkT; esau, l a fo/ ku dk fuekZ . k ughdjok fy; k t krk] rc ns ' k foHkkt u dsi ' pkr~31 v DVw cj] 1947 dksl a fo/ ku
rd jkT; ksadh l a fo/ ku l Hkkv ksadksv i usfy, dkuw u cukusdk l Hkk dh cS Bd cq y kbZx; h] ft l esadq y 299 l nL; FksA
v f/ dkj gksxkA( 4) t c rd u; k l a fo/ ku fufeZ r ughagkst krk buesa229 l nL; fofHkUu i zka r ksal s, oa70 l nL; ns'kh
rc rd nksuksajkT; ksadk' kkl u 1935 dsv f/ fu; e }kjkghpyk; k fj; kl rksadsFksA
t k, xkA( 5) nksuksav f/ jkT; ksadsi kl ; g v f/ dkj l q j f{kr gksxk l Hkk dsl ka fo/ kfud l ykgdkj ch- , u- jko usv DVw cj
fd og vi uhbPNkuq l kj jk"Vea My esacusjgsa; kml l sv yx jgsa A 1947 esal a fo/ ku dk i gyk i zk: i rS ; kj fd; kA
(6) 15 vxLr 1947 l sHkkjr vkS j i kfdLrku dsfy, vyx&vyx 29 vxLr 1947 dksl a fo/ ku l HkkusMkW - Hkhejko v a csMdj
xouZ j t ujy dk; Zdjsa xsA( 7) t c rd i zka r ksaesau; spq uko ugha dhv ; {krkesa, d i zk: i l fefr dkxBu fd; kAl Hkkesa
va csMdj dk fuokZ pu eq fLye yhx dh l gk; rk l sca xky
djk, t krs] ml l e; rd i zka r ksaesai q
j kusfo/ ku ea My dk; Zdj
l sgq v k FkkA
l dsaxsA
iz k: i l fefr dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k l kr Fkh] t ksFks&( 1)
2- Hkkj r h; l a fo/ ku l Hkk MkW - vacsMdj] ( 2) , u- xksiky Lokehvk; a xj ( 3) v Yyknh
Hkkjrh; l fao/ ku l HkkdkxBu dS fcusV fe' ku dhvuq ' ka
lk ".kkLoh v ; ~ ; j ( 4) dUgS ; kyky ef.kdyky eq ' kh ( 5)
a
i j fd; k x; kA lS ;~; n eksgEen l knq Yyk ( 6) , u- ek/ o jko ( ch-, y-
la fo/ ku l Hkkdsl nL; ksadhdq y la [ ; k 389 fu/ kZfjr dh fe=k dsLFkku i j) v kS j ( 7) Mh- i h- [ ksrku ( budh eR;q
x; h] ft uesa292 fczfV' k i zka r ksal s] 93 ns'khfj; kl rksal s, oa dsckn Vh-Vh- ".kekpkjh) A
4 dfe' uj {ks=kksadsi zfrfuf/ ' kkfey gksusFkA s iz k: i l fefr usl a fo/ ku dsi zk: i i j fopkj&foe' kZdjus
fe' ku dh ; kst ukuq l kj fczfV' k i zka r ksa, oadfe' uj {ks=kksads dsckn 21 i Q jojh 1948 dksv i uh fji ksVZl a fokku l Hkk
dq y 296 l nL; ksadsfy, t q y kbZ1946 esapq uko gq v k] dsi s'k fd; kA
ft uesadka xzsl ds208] eq fLye yhx ds73 , oa; q fu; fuLV l a fo/ ku l Hkkesal a fo/ ku dk i zFke okpu 4 uoa cj] l s9
i kVhZ ] ; fqu; fuLV eq fLye] ; q fu; fuLV f' kM~ ;w y dkLV] "kd uoEcj 1947 rd pykA
i zt k i kVhZ ] fl [ k i kVhZ] l kE; oknh v kS j v Nw r t kfr i kVhZus l a fo/ ku l Hkkdknw l jkokpu] ft l s[ ka M' k%fopkj.kdgrs
, d&, d rFkk Lora =k mEehnokj 8 LFkku i zkIr fd; sA gS] 15 uoa
a cj 1947 dksi zkja Hkgq v kv kS j 17 v DVw cj 1949
dkS fl y pS
a cj dsi q
a Lrdky; Hkou ( fnYyh) esa9 fnl ca j dksl ekIr gq v kA
1946 dksl fao/ ku l Hkkdhi zFke cS Bd gq bZAbl l Hkkdk rhl jk okpu 17 uoEcj 1949 dksi zkja Hk gq
v k v kS j 26
v LFkk; hv; {kMkW - l fPpnkua n fl a gkdkspq ukx; kAeq fLye uoa cj 1949 dksl ekIr gq v kAbl h rkjh[ k dks; g ?kks"k.kk
yhx usbl LkHkkdkcfg"dkj fd; kvkS j i kfdLrku dsfy, gqbZfd l a fo/ ku i kfjr gksx; kA ukxfjdrk] v a r% dkyhu
i Fkd l fao/ ku l Hkk dh eka x dhA la l n] v LFkk; h v kS j la e.kdkyhu mi ca / v kfn 26
la fo/ ku l Hkk ds l nL; ksa dk pq uko v i zR;{k : i l s uoa cj] 1949 dksi zHkkoh gksx, Abl rkjh[ k dksHkkjr ds
fo/ kul Hkk dsl nL; ksa}kjk fd; k x; k FkkA yksxksa us bl l a fo/ ku dks v a xhr] v f/ fu; fer v kS j
la fo/ ku l Hkk dsl nL; ksa}kjk 11 fnl a cj] 1946 dksMkW - v kRel efi Z r fd; kAbl rkjh[ kdks15 v uq PNsn i zHkkohgq ,
jkt nsazi zlkn dksl a fo/ ku l HkkdsLFkk; hv ; {kds: i esa Fks] t ksfuEu gS &5] 6] 7] 8] 9] 60] 324] 366] 367]
a
fuokZ fpr fd; k x; kA 372] 380] 388] 391] 392 v kS j 393-
la fo/ ku l Hkkdhdk; Z okgh13 fnl a cj 1946 dkst okgjyky l a fo/ ku ds' ks"k mi ca / 26 t uojh1950 dksi zHkkoh gq ,A
usg: }kjk i s'k fd; sx, ms'; i zLrko dsl kFk i zkja Hk gq bZ
] bl rkjh[ k dksl a fo/ ku dsi zkja Hk dk rkjh[ k dgk x; k gS A
ft l s22 t uojh 1947 dksv a xhdkj fd; k x; kA bl i j gLrk{kj 24 t uojhdksghfd; sx; sFksAml hfnu
la fo/ ku l Hkk dh v a fre cS Bd gq bZA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
l fao/ ku fuekZ
. k gsrqfu; q
Dr l fefr , oav ; {k 3- Hkkj r h; l a
fo/ ku d sl zksr
l fefr v ; {k la fo/ ku i j l cl sv f/ d i zHkko Mkyusokykl a fo/ ku dk
l cl si zeq [ k l kexzh l zksr Hkkjr ' kkl u v f/ fu; e 1935 gS Abl h
fu; e l fefr jkt sUnzi zlkn v f/ fu; e l si fjLka ?ki z.kkyh] U;k; i kfydk] jkT; i ky] v ki kr' kfDr]
lp akyu l fefr jkt sUnzi zlkn yksd l sok v k; ksx v kS j v f/ dka ' k i z'kkl fud C;kS j sfy, x, gS A
a
fok , oadeZ pkjh l fefr jkt sUnzi zlkn lafo/ ku dsv k/ sl sv f/ d mi ca / ; krks1935 dsv f/ fu; e ds
i zk: i l fefr Hkhejko v a cM
sdj l eku gS a; k ml l sfeyrs&t q y rsgSA
a
l ykgdkj l fefr l jnkj i Vsy
fons'kh l a fo/ ku l si zkIr l zksr% &
( bl dh pkj mi l fefr Fkha )
fcz Vsu& l a l nh; ' kkl u i fr] ea f=keaMy i z.kkyh] , dy
1- ew y v f/ dkj mi l fefr t s- ch- di ykuh
ukxfjdrk] l a l n dhi zf; kv kS j fo' ks"kkf/ dkj] i jekf/ dkj
2- v Yi l a [ ; d mi l fefr , p- l h- eq[ kt hZ
fjV] fof/ fuekZ . k i zf; k , oajk"Vi fr dh v kS i pkfjd
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fLFkfrA
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l? ak ' kfDr l fefr t okgjyky usg: Lora =krk] ewy v f/ dkj] jk"Vi fr v kS j mPPkre U;k; y; , oa
i zkrah; l a fo/ ku l fefr l jnkj i Vsy mPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kksadksgVk, t kusdk mi ca /
>a . Mk l fefr t s- ch- di ykuh mi jk"Vi fr] l a fo/ ku dh l oksZ Pprk , oal a ?kkRed ' kkl u
l? ak l afo/ ku l fefr t okgjyky usg: i z.kkyhA
jkT; l fefr t okgjyky usg: ka l & x.kra =kkRed ' kkl u O;oLFkkA
dk; Zl p akyu l fefr dUgS ; k yky eq ' kh
a d ukMk& l a ?k , oajkT; ksadse; ' kfDr dk foHkkt u] fo/
dPpk i zk: i l fefr csusxy ujfl a g jko k; u dhv of' k"V' kfDr; kdsa nzea sfufgr , oada snz}kjkjkT; ksa
esajkT; i ky dh fu; q fDrA
vaxhr l a
fo/ ku esa395 v uqPNsn] 22 Hkkx , oa8 vuqlwfp; k M& uhfr&funs'kd fl ka
v k; j y S
a r ] jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ
pd
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fo/ ku esadqy 444 v uq PNsn ( ekuq l kj ea
My dhO ; oLFkk] jkT; l Hkkdsdq
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395) ] 25 Hkkx ( ekuql kj 22) v kSj 12 v uq lwfp; k gS
A
a uh( ohej l a
t eZ fo/ ku) & vki kr mi ca
/ v kS
j v ki krdky esa
t ; i zd k' kukjk; .k, oarst cgknq j l i zqusLokLF; dkj.kksads ekS
fyd v f/ dkjksadk fuyca uA
v k/ kj i j l a fo/ ku l Hkk dh l nL; rk dksv Lohdkj dj v kLVsfy ; k&l eorhZl w
phv kS
jO; ki kj] okf.kT; , oal ekxe
fn; kAbl l a fo/ ku fuekZ. k esav uqlw
fpr t kfr , oat ut kfr dh Lora =krk dsckjsesami ca
/A
dsdq y 33 , oa12 efgyk l nL; ksausv i uk; ksxnku fn; kA : l & ew
y drZ
O;ksadk i zko/ kuA
lafo/ ku fuekZ
. kdhi zf; kesdq y 2 o"kZ11 ekg rFkk18 t ki ku& fof/ }kjk LFkkfi r i zf; kA
fnu yxsrFkk l a fo/ ku dsi zk: i i j dq
y 114 fnu cgl nf{k. kv hd k&l a fo/ ku l a' kks/ u dhi zf; kdki zko/ kuA
gq
bZAbl dk; Zi j yxHkx 6-4 djksM+: i , [ kpZgq ,A 4- Hkkj r d sj k"Vh; i zrhd
lafo/ ku fuekZ
. k gsrql afo/ ku l Hkk dh 11 cS Bdsagq bZv kS
j j k"V ot & l a fo/ ku l Hkk usfrja xk ( jk"Vh; ot ) dk
12ohacS Bd esaMkW - jkt sa
nzi zlkn dksi zFke jk"Vi fr ds: i i zk: i 22 t q y kbZ1947 dksv i uk; kAbl dhpkS M+kbZrFkkya ckbZdk
esapquk x; k v kS
j jk"Vxku dksLohdkj fd; k x; kA v uq i kr 3% 2 gksrkgS
Aot esal eku v uq i kr okyhrhu i fV~ V; kgS
]
a
t ksdslfj; k] l i sQ n , oagjsja x dhgS Al i sQ n i V~
Vhdschp uhys
lafo/ ku dk' ks"kHkkx 26 t uojh1950 dksykxwdjusdk ja
x dk p gksrk gS ] ft l esa24 rhfy; k cuh gS Abl sl kjukFk ds
eq[ ; dkj.k Fkk fd Hkkjrh; jk"Vh; dka
xzsl 26 t uojh v ' kksd dsfl a g LraHk i j cusp l sfy; k x; k gS Ajk"Vh; ot
1930 l s26 t uojhdksLora =krkfnol ds: i esaeukjgh dkdslfj; k ja x t kxfr ] ' kkS
; ZrFkk R;kx dk] l i sQ n jax l R; rFkk
FkhA i fo=krk dk , oagjk ja x t hou l ef dk i zrhd gS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; ot l a fgrk 2002 dsv uq l kj l Hkh Hkkjrh; v ke jk"Vh; i Q y&v ke ( esfufxi sQ jk bafMdk)
ukxfjd] fut h l a LFkkv ksa, oaf' k{k.k l a LFkkuksav kfn dksHkh jk"Vh; t yh; t ho& MkfYi Q u gSA l jdkj us05 v DVw cj
jk"Vh; ot i zn' kZ u dk v f/ dkj gS A 2009 dksbl sjk"Vh; t yh; t ho ?kksf"kr fd; kA bl dh
23 t uojh 2004 dks, d egR oi w . kZfu.kZ ; esamPpre kzk.k' kfDr rhozgksrh gS ] ft l l sog v i usf' kdkj dk i rk
U;k; ky; us; g ?kks"k.kk dh fd l a fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 19 yxkrhgS A
( 1) ( v ) dsv / hu jk"Vh; ot i Q gjkuk ukxfjdksadk jk"Vh; fojkl r i ' kq & gkFkh ( ?kks"k.kk 2010)
ew y v f/ dkj gS A
5- l a
fo/ ku l Hkk d sHkkx , oad q N egRoi w . kZv uqPNsn
j kt fp& Hkkjr l jdkj us26 t uojh 1950 dksl kjukFk
Hkkx&1&l a ?k v kS
j ml dk jkT; {ks=k ( v uq - 1 l s4)
fLFkr v ' kksd Lra Hk ds' kh"kZdh v uq fr dksjkt fp ds: i esa
LOkhdkj fd; kAbl jkt fp dsew y Lra Hk i j pkj fl a g gS abuds v uq - 1& l a?k dk uke v kS j jkT; {ks=kA
uhps?kV asdsvkdkj dsi n~ e dsmQ i j , d fp=koYyjhesa, d gkFkh v uq - 2& u, jkT; ksadk i zos'k ; k LFkki ukA
gSAfl a g ' kh"kZdsuhpsi V~ VhesamHkjhgq bZgS ] ft l esankbZv ksj , d v uq - 3 & u, jkT; ksadkfuekZ . kv kS
j orZ eku jkT; ksads{ks=kksa
]
l kM+rFkk ckbZv ksj , d ?kksM+ k gS Ai Q yd dsuhpsnsoukxjhfyfi l hekv ksa; k ukeksaesai fjorZuA
esa^l R;eso t ; rs* v a fdr gS ] t kseq Mdksifu"kn~l sfy; k x; k gS
a A Hkkx&2 & ( v uq - 5&11) ukxfjdrk
j k"Vxku& l fao/ ku l Hkkus24 t uojh1950 dksjfoa nzukFk v uq - 5 &l a fo/ ku dsi zkjEHk i j ukxfjdrkA
VSxksj }kjk jfpr t u&xu&eu dksHkkjr dsjk"Vxku ds: i esa
v uq - 8 & Hkkjr dsckgj jgusokysdq N O;fDr; ksads
va fdr fd; kAt uojh1912 esaVS xksj }kjkl a i kfnr FkkAbl dsxk; u
dk fu/ kZ fjr l e; 52 l sd sa M gS A ; g xhr l oZ i zFke 27 fl ra cj ukxfjdrkdk v f/ dkjA
1911 dks dka xzsl ds dydkk v f/ os'ku esaxk; k x; k FkkA v uq - 9 & fons'khjkT; dhukxfjdrkLosPNkl svft Z r djus
jfoa nzukFk VS xksj dsxhr ^v ekj l ksukj ca xy k* ca xykns'k dk okysO;fDr; ksadk ukxfjd u gksukA
jk"Vxku gS A v uq - 11&l al n }kjkukxfjdrk dsv f/ dkjksadkfof/ }kjk
j k"Vh; xhr & ca fde pa nzpVt hZ}kjk jfpr ^ca nsekrje~ * fofu; eu fd; k t kukA
dksl fao/ ku l Hkkus24 t uojh1950 dksjk"Vh; xhr ds: i esa Hkkx 3& ( v uq - 12 l s35) ew y v f/ dkj
v i uk; kAbl spVt hZdsmi U;kl v kua n eB l sfy; k x; kgS A; g
Hkkx 4& ( v uq - 36 l s51) jkT; dsuhfr dsfuns'kd rRoA
ewy r%l a Lr esagS Abl xhr dksl oZ i zFke dka xzsl dsdydkk
v f/ os'ku esa1896 esaxk; k x; k FkkA Hkkx 4&d ( v uq - 51 d) ew y drZ O;
>a Mkxhr &^fot ; fo' o frja xkI; kjk---A* bl xhr dks' ; ke Hkkx 5& ( v uq - 52 l s151) l a ?kdh' kkl u O;oLFkk ( bl
yky xq Irk usfy[ kkAbl sl oZ i zFke 1925 dsdkui q j dkaxzsl v f/ Hkkx esa5 v ; k; gS )A
a
os'ku esaxk; kx; kv kS j 1938 dsgfji q j kv f/ os'ku esabl sjk"Vh; v uq - 53 & l a ?k dh dk; Z i kfydk l a ca/ h' kfDr jk"Vi fr esa
xhr ?kksf"kr fd; k x; kA fufgr gS A
j k"Vh; i a p kx& Hkkjr l jdkj dk i a pkx ( dyS Mj) ' kd~
a
v uq - 58& jk"Vi fr fuokZ fpr gksusdsfy, v grkZ ,a A
loar~( ' k:q v kr 78 bZ -) i j v k/ kfjr gS ] ft l sHkkjr us22 ekpZ
a
1957 dksfofHkUu l jdkjhms'; ksadsfy, v i uk; kAjk"Vh; i a pkax v uq - 59 & jk"Vi fr i n dsfy, ' krsZ a
dk i gyk eghuk pS k gS ] ft l dk i gyk fnu 22 ekpZv kS j v f/ v uq - 60& jk"Vi fr }kjk ' ki Fk ; k i zfrKki uA
o"kZ21 ekpZdksi M+ r k gS A v uq - 61& jk"Vi fr i j egkfHk; ksx pykusdh i zf; kA
jk"Vh; okD; & l R ; eso t ; rsA v uq - 63 & Hkkjr dk mi jk"Vi fr
jk"Vh; i ' k& q ck?k ( i S UFkjk Vkbfxzl fyUuk; l ) gS A v uq - 64& mi jk"Vi fr dkjkT; l Hkkdki nsu l Hkki fr gksukA
jk"Vh; i {kh& e; w j ( i koksfLVsll ) gS A v uq - 66 & mi jk"Vi fr dk fuokZ pu
jk"Vh; i q "i &dey ( usy kEcksU;w fl i sjk xkVZ u) gS A v uq - 70& mi jk"Vi fr }kjkv U; v kdfLedrkv ksaesajk"Vi fr
jk"Vh; o`{k&cjxn ( i Q bdl ca / kysa fl l ) gS A dsR;ksadk fuokZ gA

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v uq - 72&{kek v kfn dh ( dq N ekeyksaesana Mkns'k dk v uq - 129& mPpre U;k; ky; dkv fHkys[kU;k; ky; gksukA
fuya cu] i fjgkj ; k y?kq d j.k dh jk"Vi fr dh ' fDrA) v uq - 131 & mPpre U;k; ky; dkv kjfEHkd v fkdkfjrkA
v uq - 73 & l a ?k dh dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dk foLrkjA v uq - 139& dq N fjV fudkyusdh ' kfDr; ka sdk mPpre
v uq - 74& jk"Vi fr dh l gk; rk v kS j l ykg dsfy, , d U;k; ky; ksadksi znk fd; k t kukA
ea f=ki fj"kn dk i zko/ kuA v uq - 143& mPpre U;k; ky; l si jke' kZdjusdhjk"Vi fr
v uq - 76& jk"Vi fr }kjkHkkjr dsegkU;k; oknhdhfu; q fDrA dh ' kfDrA
v uq - 78& jk"Vi fr dkst kudkjh nsusv kfn dsl a ca/ esa v uq - 147 & fuokZ pu
i z/kuea =kh dsdrZ O;A v uq - 148& Hkkjr dkfu; a =kd egkys[kki jh{kd dhfu; q fDr
v uq - 79& l lan dk xBuA jk"Vi fr }kjkA
v uq - 80& v kS j 81& e' k%jkT; l Hkk , oayksd l Hkk dh v uq - 150 & l a ?k dsv kSj jkT; ksadsys[kkv ksadk i zk: i
la j pukA Hkkx 6& ( v uq - 152 l s237) jkT; dh ' kkl u O;oLFkk
v uq - 82&i zR;sd t ux.kuk dsi ' pkr~i q u%l ek; kst uA la
ca
/ h mi ca /A
v uq - 84 & l a l n l nL; dh v gZ r kA v uq - 153 & jkT; ksadk jkT; i kyA
v uq - 85& l lan dsl =k dk l =kkol ku v kS j fo?kVuA v uq - 155 & jkT; i ky dh fu; q fDr
v uq - 86& l nuksaesav fHkHkk"k.k dk v kS j la ns'k Hkst usdk v uq - 161&{kek v kfn dh v kS j dq N ekeyksaesanaMkns'k ds
jk"Vi fr dk v f/ dkjA fuya cu] i fjgkj ; k y?kqd j.k dh jkT; i ky dh ' kfDrA
v uq - 93& yksd l Hkk dk v ; {k , oami k; {kA v uq - 162 & jkT; dh dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dk foLrkjA
v uq - 98& l lan dk l fpoky; A v uq - 163& jkT; i ky dksl gk; rk v kS j l ykg nsusdsfy,
v uq - 99& l nL; ksa}kjk ' ki Fk ; k i zfrKkuA ea f=k&i fj"knA
v uq - 100& l nuksaesaernku] fjfDr; ksadsgksrsgq , Hkhl nuksa v uq - 165& jkT; dk egkf/ oDrkA
dh dk; Zdjusdh ' kfDr v kS j x.ki w
frZ v uq - 166 & jkT; dsl jdkj dsdk; Zdk l a pkyuA
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/ esa
la ;qDr cS Bd dk i zko/ kuA eq [ ; ea
=kh dsdrZ O;A
v uq - 109& / u fo/ s;dksadsl a ca
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v uq - 110 & / u fo/ s;d dh i fjHkk"kkA v uq - 174& jkT; fo/ ku ea My dsl =k] l =kkol ku v kS j
v uq - 112 & i zR;sd fokh; o"kZgsrqjk"Vi fr }kjk l a l n ds fo?kVuA
l e{k okf"kZ d fokh; fooj.k ( ct V) i s'k fd; k t k, xkA v uq - 187& jkT; dsfo/ ku ea Myksadk l fpoky; A
v uq - 114& fofu; ksx fo/ s;dA v uq - 199& / u fo/ s;d dh i fjHkk"kkA
v uq - 116& ys[kkuq nku] i zR;kuq nku v kS
j v i oknkuq nkuA v uq - 201& jkT; i ky }kjkfopkj dsfy, v kjf{kr foks;dA
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v uq - 120 & l a l n esai z;ksx dh t kusokyh Hkk"kkA ( ct V) i s'k djukA
v uq - 122& U;k; ky; ksa}kjk l a l n dsdk; Z okfg; ksadh t ka p v uq - 210 & fo/ kue.My esai z;ksx dh t kusokyh Hkk"kkA
u fd; k t kukA v uq - 211 & fo/ kue.My esappkZi j fucZ U/ uA
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djusdh jk"Vi fr dh ' kfDrA i z[; kfi r djusdh jkT; i ky dh ' kfDrA
v uq - 124&mPpre U;k; ky; dh LFkki uk , oaxBuA v uq - 214& jkT; ksadsfy, mPp U;k; ky; A
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v uq- 222& fdl hU;k; ky; dk, d mPp U;k; ky; l snw l js v uq- 269&l a ?k }kjk mn~xghr v kS j la xghr fdUrqjkT; ksadks
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v uq
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U;k; ky; dh O;oLFkkA dki zko/ kuA
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v uq- 281& fok v k; ksx dh fl i Q kfj' ksa
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dsl ac/a esai zko/ kuA v uq- 292& Hkkjr l jdkj }kjk m/ kj ysukA
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j v uq- 293& jkT; ksa}kjk m/ kj ysukA
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v uq - 245& l a l n }kjk v kS
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v uq- 303& O;ki kj v kS j okf.kT; dsl a ca / esal a
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v uq
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; kl S U; fonzksg l sgksrksjk"Vi fr v ki kr dh?kks"k.kk djrk
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v uq - 360& fokh; v ki kr dsckjsesami ca /A
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v uq - 363& dq Nl a f/ ; ksa
] djkjksav kfn l smRiUu fooknksaesa mPp U;k; ky; ksadsU;k; k/ h' k v kfnA) }kjk i n xzg.k ds
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jkT; l Hkk esai zfrfuf/ Ro dk fooj.k fn; k x; k gS abl fd; k x; k gS Abl v uq lw ph dk l a ca
q / v uq PNsn 31( [ k) l s
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cusv f/ fu; e i j l a l n ml i j l q j {kk dop ughaj[ k
NBh v uq lwph& bl esav l e] es?kky; ] f=ki q j k v kS j fet ksje
l drhAbl i j U;kf; d i q ujkoyksd u fd; k t k l drk gS A
jkT; ksadst ut kfr {ks=kksaesai z'kkl u dsckjsesamYys[kgS A1
v DVw cj 2007 dksnkft Z fyax xksj[ kki oZr h; i fj"kn dksbl esa nl ohav uq lw ph& bl sl a fo/ ku esa52okal a ' kk/su 1985 ds
' kkfey fd; kx; kgS Abl l sl a caf/ r v uq PNsn gS &
a 244 ( 2) }kjk t ksM+ k x; kAbl esany&cny l sl Eca f/ r i zko/ kuksadk
v kSj 275 ( 1) A mYys[k fd; k x; k gS A bl v uq lwph dk l a ca / v uq PNsn
102( 2) 191( 2) v kS j 361( [ k) l sgS A
l krohav uq lwph& bl esadsUnzv kS j jkT; dschp ' kfDr
foHkkt u dsfy, rhu l w fp; ksadk o.kZ u gS & X; kjgohav uq lwph& bl v uq lw
phdks73okal a fo/ ku l a ' kks/
u v f/ fu; e] 1992 esat ksM+ k x; k FkkAbl esai a pk; rksadh
1- la ?k l w ph& bl l w phesav kjEHk esa97 fo"k; Fks] fdUrqebZ
' kfDr; ka ] i zkf/ dkj v kS j mkjnkf; Ro dsckjsesao.kZ u gS A
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ph dks74osal a fo/ ku l a ' kksku
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la fo/ ku l a ' kks/u dh i zf; k dh t fVyrkA
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fd; kx; kgS ] fdUrqv kjEHkesabl esadsoy 14 Hkk"kk; saFkha A v ki krdkyhu fLFkfr es al al n dh fof/ fuekZ . k dh ' kfDr
1967 esafl a / hdks] 1992 esadksa d .kh] ef.ki qj hrFkkusikyh l sl a ca
f/ r i zko/ kuA
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v uq lw ph esa' kkfey fd; k x; kA ' kfDrA
uohav uq lwph& l a fo/ ku esa; g v uq lw ph i zFke l a fo/ ku jkT; ks aesajk"Vi fr ' kkl u dh fLFkfr esadsUnzl jdkj ds
la ' kks/u v f/ fu; e 1951 ds}kjk t ksM+ hxbZ Abl dsv a r xZr vf/ dkjA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
fofHkUu fopkj rsy xq] dUuM+rFkkejkBhHkk"kht urkdsncko esal a fokku
MkW- Hkhejko v EcsMdj & ^^; g l e; v kS j i fjfLFkfr dh l Hkk ds v ; {k MkW - jkt sUnz i zlkn us bykgkckn mPp
ekax dsv uq l kj , dkRed v kS j la?kkRed gksl drk gS A** U;k; ky; dsl sokfuokU;k; k/ h'k, l - ds-/ j dhv ; {krk
oh; j& ^^Hkkjr dk l a fo/ ku v Zla ?kh; gS
A** esa, d pkj l nL; h; Hkk"kkbZi zka r v k; ksx dk xBu fd; kA
v k; ksx us10 fnl Ecj 1948 dksv i uhfji ksVZl a fo/ ku l Hkk
mPpre U;k; ky; & ^^Hkkjr dk l a fo/ ku l a
?kh; ughagS ]
dksl kS i k] ft l esaHkk"kk; h v k/ kj i j jkT; ksadsi q
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akh; l a
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gS
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8- Hkkj r h; l a
fo/ ku d h msf' kd k v Fkok i zLr kouk os'ku esaHkk"kk; hv k/ kj i j jkT; ksadsi q uxZBu dsekeysi j
ms f' kdk dks^^l afo/ ku dh dq t h** dgk t krk gS
a A fopkj djusdsfy, t okgjyky usg: ] cYyHkhHkkbZi Vsy
rFkk i V~ VkfHk l hrkjeS ; k dh , d l fefr xfBr dhA bl
msf' kdk dsv uq l kj l a
fo/ ku esafufgr l eLr ' kfDr dk l fefr usHkk"kk; hv k/ kj i j jkT; ksadsi q uZ
xBu dheka x dks
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gSA
usg: ] i Vsy rFkk l hrkHkheS ; k l fefr dh fji ksVZdsckn
bl msf' kdk esa42osal a ' kks/u ( 1976) }kjk i gysi S
j k esa enzkl jkT; dsrsy xqHkkf"k; ksausi ksV~ VhJhjkeq YywdsusrRo
^^l ekt oknh v kSj iaFkfuji s{k** v a
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NBsi Sj k esa^^v kS
j v [ ka
Mrk** ' kCn t ksM+
k x; kA
jkeq Yywdh56 fnu dsyxkrkj v kej.kv u' ku dsckn 15
cs: ckjh ; fwu; uokn ( 1960) esa mPpre U;k; ky; us fnl Ecj 1952 dksmudh eR;qgksx; hA
msf' kdk dksl afo/ ku dk v a x ekuusl sba
d kj dj fn; kA jkeqYywdheR;qdsckn v ka nksy u dhrhozrkdsdkj.ki z/
bl fy, l lan bl esal a' kks/u ughadj l drhA
kuea=khusg: us19 fnl Ecj 1952 dksrsy q xqHkkf"k; ksadsfy,
ds'kokuan Hkkjrhcuke dsjy jkT; okn ( 1973) esamPpre v kU/ zi zns'k dsxBu dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA
U;k; ky; usmsf' kdk dksl a fo/ ku dk v a x ekukA v r% 1 vDVw cj 1953 dksv kU/zi zns'kjkT; dkxBu gksx; k] t ks
msf' kdkesal a
' kks/u gksl drkgS] fdUrqml dsewy <+ka
pkesa Hkk"kk dsv k/ kj i j xfBr Hkkjr dk i gyk jkT; FkkA
fdl h i zd kj dk i fjorZ u ughafd; k t k l drkA
dsUnzl jdkj us22 fnl Ecj 1953 dksU;k; ew frZi Q ty
9- l ?
ak d k j kT; {ks=k v kS
j j kT; ksad k fuekZ
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- n; ukFkdqt : v kS
a j ds-, e- i f.kDdjA
gksusdsfy, Lora =k ughagS A v k; ksx dh fl i Q kfj' ksa
& ( 1) dsoy Hkk"kk rFkk l a Lfr ds
lafo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 2 dsv a r xZ
r la l n dks; g v f/ dkj v k/ kj i j jkT; ksadki q uxZBu ughafd; kt kukpkfg, A( 2)
gSfd og fof/ cukdj l a ?k esau; sjkT; ksadksi zos'k ns jkT; ksadki quxZ Bu djrsl e; jk"Vh; l q j {kk, oafodkl dks
l drhgS; ku; sjkT; ksadhLFkki ukdj l drhgS Au; sjkT; ksa Hkh; ku esaj[ kuk pkfg, A( 3) Hkkjrh; l a ?k dks16 jkT; ksa
dk i zos'k ; k ml dh LFkki uk , slsfucZ U/ uksav kS
j ' krksZ
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v uq l kj dh t k; sxh ft Ugsal al n mfpr l e>sA jkT; i quxZ Bu v k; ksx dhfl i Q kfj' kdsv k/ kj i j 1956 esa
v uq PNsn 3 esau, jkT; ksadk fuekZ . k v kS
j orZ eku jkT; ksads 14 jkT; ksav kSj i kapla ?k jkT; {ks=kksadk xBu fd; k x; kA
{ks=kksa
] l hekv ksa; k ukeksaesai fjorZ u dk mi cU/ gS A bl 28 ebZ1956 dksHkkjr v kS j i zQ
ka
l dschp , d l a f/ gqbZ]
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v k/ kj i j jkT; ksadsi q uZ
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Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
xksokeq fDr l a xzke dhmxzrkdsdkj.kHkkjr l jdkj us1961 orZ eku esaHkkjrh; l a ?k esa29 jkT; v kS j 7l a ?k jkT; {ks=k
esal Sfud gLr{ksi djdsxksok] neu rFkk nho dkst hrdj ' kkfey gS A
a
Hkkjr esafeyk fy; k v kS j bl sl krokal a ?k jkT; {ks=k cuk; k {ks =kh; i fj"kn~& jkT; i q uxZ Bu v f/ fu; e 1956 dh/ kjk15
x; kA esa{ks=kh; i fj"kn~dk i zko/ ku fd; k x; kAorZ eku esai ka p
eq EcbZi q uxZ Bu v f/ fu; e 1960 }kjk eq EcbZjkT; dksnks {ks=kh; i fj"kn~gS Abu i fj"knksadsxBu dk v k/ kj ns'k dh
a
Hkkxksa
&xq t jkr rFkk egkjk"VesafoHkkft r dj fn; k x; kA i zkfrd , oa HkkS xksfyd fLFkfr] v kfFkZ d fodkl dh
la
fo/ ku l 'akks/ u r Fkk j kT; ksad k xBu v ko' ; drk, a ] l kaLfrd , oaHkk"kk; hl EidZ ] unhO;oLFkk]
la pkj dsl k/ u rFkk l q j {kk dh v ko' ; drk jgh gS A
l krokal 'akks / u 1956& dsUnzdksHkk"kk; hvk/ kj i j jkT; ksads
iquxZ Bu dh ' kfDr nsusdsfy, A bu {ks =kh; i fj"knksadk xBu jk"Vi fr }kjk fd; k t krk gS A
dsUnzh; xgea =kh ; k jk"Vi fr }kjk euksuhr dksbZHkh dsUnzh;
10okal 'akks / u 1961& nknjk , oauxj gosy hdksl a ?k jkT;
ea =kh; bl i fj"kn dsv ; {kgksrsgS arFkkl Eca f/ r jkT; ksads
{ks=k cukusdsfy, A
eq [ ; ea=kh mi k; {k gksrsgS ] t ksi zfro"kZcnyrsgS
a A
a
12okal 'akks / u 1962& xksok] neu rFkk nho dksHkkjr esa
{ks =kh; i fj"kn~dk eq [ ; dk; Zfo?kVudkjhrRo dksdet ksj
' kkfey dj l a ?k jkT; {ks=k cukusdsfy, A
djuk v kS j , drk dk l a pkj djuk gS A
13okal 'akks / u 1962& ukxkyS . M dksjkT; dk nt kZi znku
{ks=kh; i fj "kn~, oamud sv UrxZ r ' kkfey j kT; % &
djusdsfy, A
1- mkjh{ks=kh; i fj"kn~ &t Eew &d' ehj] gfj; k.kk] i at kc] fgekpy
14okal a ' kks/u 1962& i ka fMpsjh ds fy, v uq PNsn 239
i zns'k] jkt LFkku jkT; rFkkp.Mhx<+, oafnYyhl a ?kjkT; {ks=kA
t ksM+d j fo/ ku l HkkrFkkea f=ke.My dsxBu gsrqi zkokkuA
eq [ ; ky; & ubZfnYyhA
18okal 'akks / u 1966& i a t kc rFkk gfj; k.kk dksjkT; rFkk
2- e; {ks=kh; i fj"kn~ & mkj i zns'k] e; i zns'k] mkjk[ k.M, oa
fgekpy i zns'k dksl a ?k jkT; {ks=k cukusdsfy, A
Nkhl x<+ Aeq [ ; ky; &bykgkcknA
22okal 'akks / u 1969& es?kky; dksjkT; dknt kZi znku djus
3- i w ohZ{ks=kh; i fj"kn~ & fcgkj] i f' pe ca xky] v ksM+hl k] v l kse]
dsfy, A
fl fDde] ef.ki q j ] f=ki q j k] es?kky; ] ukxkyS . M] v #.kkpy
27okal 'akks / u 1975& ef.ki q j rFkk f=ki q
j k dksjkT; rFkk i zns'k rFkk fet ksjeAeq [ ; ky; & dydkkA
fet ksje v kS j v #.kkpy i zns'k dksl a ?k jkT; {ks=k cukusds
4- i f' peh {ks=kh; i fj"kn~ & xq t jkr] egkjk"VrFkk nknjk&uxj
fy, A
gosy h l a ?k jkT; {ks=k] eq [ ; ky; eq EcbZA
36okal 'akks / u 1975& fl fDde dks22okajkT; cukusds
5- nf{k.k{ks=kh; i fj"kn~ &vkU/ zi zns'k] dsjy] rsy a xkuk] dukZ Vd
fy, A
rFkkrfeyukMqjkT; , oai f.Mpsjhl a ?kjkT; {ks=keq [ ; ky; &
53okal a ' kks/u 1986& fet ksje dks23okajkT; cukusds psUubZ A
fy, A
bl dsv frfjDr i w oksZ
kj i fj"kn v f/ fu; e 1971 dsv khu
55okal 'akks / u 1986& v #.kkpy i zns'kdks24okajkT; cukus ,d i w oksZ
kj i fj"kn HkhcukbZxbZgSt ksfd v l e] es?kky; ]
dsfy, A ef.ki q j ] ukxkyS aM] f=ki q j k] v: .kkpy i zns'krFkkfet ksje dh
56okal 'akks / u 1987& xksok dks25okajkT; cukusdsfy, A
Hkkj r h; l a
fo/ ku esa^fo' ks"k j kT; *
1 uoEcj 2000 dksNkhl x<+ ] 26osajkT; ] 9 uoEcj 2000 d k nt kZi zkIr ^j kT; *
dksmkjka py ( v c mkjk[ k.M) 27osajkT; v kjS15 uoEcj
2000 dks>kj[ k.M 28osajkT; ds: i esaLFkkfi r fd; k 1969 bZ
- ( 1) v l e] ( 2) ukxky S . M] ( 3) t Eew&d ' ehj A
x; kA 1971 bZ
- ( 4) fgekpy i zns'kA
1972 bZ
- ( 5) ef. ki q
j ] ( 6) es?kky ; ] ( 7) f=ki q
j kA
2t w u 2014 dksrsy a xkukv kS i pkfjd rkS j i j ns'kdk29oka
1975&76 bZ - ( 8) fl fDd eA
jkT; cu x; kAds-pUnz'ks[kj jko rsy a xkukdsi F zke eq[ ; ea
=kh
1987&88 bZ - ( 9) fet ksje ( 10) v #. kkpy i zns'k v kS j
cusA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
l fEefyr l eL; kv ksai j fopkj foe' kZdjrhgS A23 uoEcj v ft Z
r Hkw
&Hkkx dsfoy; u }kjk& ; fn fdl h u; sHkw &Hkkx
2002 dksfl fDde dksHkhi w oksZ
kj i fj"kn esa' kkfey fd; k dksHkkjr esa' kkfeyu fd; k t krk gSrksml {ks=k esafuokl
x; k v kS j bl si wohZ{ks=kh; i fj"kn l sgVkusdh i zf; k xg djusokysO;fDr; ksadksLor%Hkkjr dhukxfjdrki zkIr gks
ea =kky; }kjk v kjEHk dj nh xbZgS A t krhgSA
iz kfIr; k&a fo' ks"kjkT; dknt kZi zkIr jkT; ksadks90 v uq nku Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk l a ' kks/u v f/ fu; e 1986& Hkkjrh;
v kS j 10 .k mnkj ' krksZ ai j nh t krh gS A ukxfjdrk v f/ fu; e 1955 cgq r mnkj FkkAt Eew &d' ehj
jkT; ks adksfo' ks"k jkT; dk nt kZnsusdk dk; ZMh- v kj- rFkk v l e t Sl sjkT; ksaesa?kql iS
fB; ksausv ukf/ r : i l s
xkMfxy i Q kew
y sdsv k/ kj i j ' kq
Z : fd; k x; k FkkA i zos'k dk v uq
fpr ykHk mBk; kA bl h dkj.k ; g l a ' kks/u
11- ukxfj d r k ( Hkkx&2 v uq PNsn 5 l s11) i kfjr fd; k x; kA
ukxfjdrk dk fo"k; l a ?kh; l wph esaj[ kk x; k gS ] fdUrq ukxfjdrk dkuwu esal a
' kks/u 1992& bl ds}kjk ukxfjdrk
ukxfjdrk dh dksbZLi "V i fjHkk"kk ughanh xbZgS A dsi zla
x esacPpsdsekrkdksfi rkdsl ed{kfLFkfr i znku
Hkkjr es a, dy ukxfjdrk dk i zko/ ku gS A dj nh x; hA
v uq PNsn 11 l a l n dksHkfo"; esaukxfjdrk dsl a ca
/ esa i zokl h Hkkjrh; ksadh ukxfjdrk l a ca/ h ukxfjdrk l a ' kksku
dkuw u cukusdk v f/ dkj i znku djrk gS Abl h v k/ kj i j v f/ fu; e 2003& ; g fo/ s;d y{ehey fl a ?koh dh
Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk v f/ fu; e&1955 i zLrq r fd; k x; kA v ; {krk okyh l fefr dh fl i Q kfj' kksadsv k/ kj i j rS ; kj
ukxfj d r k d k i zko/ ku% & fd; kx; kFkkA25 v xLr 2004 dksdsUnzl jdkj usHkkjrh;
ew y dsfons'kh ukxfjdksadksnksgjh ukxfjdrk dk ykHk
tU e }kjk& 26 t uojh 1950 dsckn Hkkjr esat Ue ysus
fnykusdsfy, ukxfjdrk fu; ekoyh 2004 l a ca
kh v f/
okyki zR;sd O;fDr Hkkjr dkukxfjd gksxk] fdUrqukxfjdrk
lw puk t kjh dhAbl dsrgr ca Xykns'k , oai kfdLrku dks
la ' kks/u v f/ fu; e 1986 dsckn Hkkjr dsjkT; {ks=kesat Ue
NksM+ d j oSl sl Hkh i zokl h Hkkjrh; dks; g ukxfjdrk i zkIr
ysusokyk dksbZO;fDr rc Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksxk] t c
gksxhc' krsZog ft l ns'kesajg jgkgSogkankg sjhukxfjdrk
ml dsekrk&fi rk esal sdksbZ, d Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA
dki zko/ ku gksAbl i zd kj dsukxfjdksadksHkkjr l jdkj dh
ns ' khdj.k }kjk& dksbZHkh fons'kh O;fDr t ksv i usns'k dh l sokv ksaesajkst xkj] ernku v kS j la oS kkfud i n i kusds
ukxfjdrk dk i fjR;kx dj pq d k gks] 12 o"kZl syxkrkj v frfjDr ' ks"k l kjsv f/ dkj i zkIr gksa xsA
Hkkjr esajg jgkgksv kS j og jkT; fu"B , oav PNspfj=kdk
gksrksHkkjr l jdkj dksv kosnu nsd j Hkkjr dkukxfjd cu Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk dk v a r & ; fn fdl h O;fDr usfdl h
l drk gS A v U; ns'kdhukxfjdrkLohdkj dj yhgks] ukxfjdrkdk
oa ' k i ja
i jk }kjk& Hkkjr dsckgj v U; ns'k esa26 t uojh i fjR;kx dj fn; kgks; kl jdkj }kjkml dhukxfjdrkNhu
1950 dsi ' pkr~t Ue ysusokyk O;fDr Hkkjr dk ukxfjd yh x; h gksA
ekukt k, xk] ; fn ml dst Ue dsl e; ml dsekrk&fi rkesa ukxfjdrk dsfy, t Eew & d' ehj dk fo' ks"kkf/ dkj& t Eew
l sdksbZ, d Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksAekrk dhukxfjdrk ds d' ehj jkT; dsfo/ kuea My dksjkT; esaLFkk; h : i l s
v k/ kj i j fons'k esat Ue ysusokysO;fDr dksukxfjdrk fuokl djusokysO;fDr dksfo' ks"kkf/ dkj i znku djusdh
i znku djusdki zko/ ku ukxfjdrkl a ' kksku v f/ fu; e 1992 ' kfDr i znku dh x; h gS
&
}kjk fd; k x; k gS A
ia t hdj.k }kjk& t ksO;fDr Hkkjr dk ukxfjd ughagSog ( 1) jkT; dsv / hu fu; kst u dsl a
ca
/ esa
A
iat hdj.k }kjk Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk i zkIr dj l drk gS A ( 2) jkT; esaLFkk; h : i l scl t kusdsl a
ca
/ esa
A
iat hdj.k }kjk ukxfjdrk i zkIr djusdsfy, O;fDr dks
bl dsfy, fu; q Dr i zkf/ dkjh dsl e{k fofgr i zk: i esa ( 3) Nk=kofk; ksav Fkokbl hi zd kj dhl gk; rkt ksl jdkj i znku
v kosnu djukgksrkgS Ai a t hdj.kdrkZdsfy, ; g v ko' ; d djs] dsl a ca
/ esaA
gSfd og de l sde 5 o"kZrd Hkkjr esafuokl fd; k ( 4) jkT; esav py l Ei fk dsv t Z
u dsl Eca
/ esa
A
gksA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
12- ew y v f/ d kj dkj l a l n dksv uqPNsn&35 }kjkfn; kx; kgS ] ft l dsrgr
v uq PNsn 12 dsvuq l kj ew
y v f/ dkj O;fDr; ksadkjkT; ksads lal n usv Li `' ; rk v f/ fu; e&1955 i kfjr fd; kA
fo# l a j {k.k gS A v uq PNsn 18 ( mi kf/ ; ksadk v a r ) & jkT; l u sk ; k fo| k
v uq PNsn 13 dsv uq l kj U;k; ky; ew y v f/ dkjksal sv l a xr laca/ hl Eeku dsfl ok; v kS j dksbZmi kf/ i znku ughadjsxkA
fof/ ; ksadks v oS / ?kksf"kr dj l drk gS ] v FkkZ r ~bl esa Hkkjr dk dksbZHkh ukxfjd jk"Vi fr dh v uq efr dsfcuk
U;kf; d i q ufoZ y ksd u dh ' kfDr l ekfgr gS A bl : i esa fdl h fons'kh jkT; l sdksbZmi kf/ / kj.k ughadj l drk]
v uq PNsn 13 dksukxfjdksadsew y v f/ dkjksadki zgjhcrk; k fdUrqbl v uq PNsn dhv ogsy ukdjusokyksadsfy, fdl h
x; kgS A n.M dk fokku ughagS A
ew y v f/ dkj l a fo/ ku ykxwgksusdsl e; 7 Fks] i ja r q44osa 2- Lor a =kr k d k v f/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 19 l s22)
la fo/ ku l 'akks/u 1979 }kjk l a i fkdsv f/ dkj ( v uq - 31 v uq PNsn 19& ew y la fo/ ku esal kr i zd kj dh Lora =krkv ksa
, oa19p) dksew y v f/ dkj dhl w phl sgVkdj v uq lwph dk mYys[k gS ] v c fl i ZQN%gS &
a
300( d) dsv UrxZ r fl i Z
Qdkuw uhv fkdkj ds: i esaj[ kk 19( 1) ( d) & okd~, oav fHkO;fDr dh Lora =krk] i zsl dh
x; kAorZ eku esaHkkjrh; ukxfjdksadksfuEu N%ew y vf/ dkj Lora =krk] l w
puk dh Lora =krk] jk"Vh; ot i Q gjkusdh
i zkIr gS&
a Lora =krkA
1- l er k d k v f/ d kj ( v uq - 14 l s18) 19(1) ( [ k) & ' kkafri w
. kZrFkkfujk; q / l Eesy u dhLora =krkA
v uq PNsn 14 ( fof/ dsl e{k l erk) & bl dsrgr jkT; 19( 1) ( x) & l a xe ; k l a ?k cukusdh Lora =krkA
l Hkhukxfjdksadsfy, , d l eku dkuw u cuk, xk, oamu i j
19( 1) ( ?k) & Hkkjr esal oZ =kLora =krki w
oZd Hkze.kdjusdh
, d l eku ykxwdjok; sxk] fdUrqHkkjr dsjk"Vi fr] jkT; ksa
Lora =krkA
dsjkT; i kyk]sa U;k; ky; ksadsU;k; k/ h' kksa ] yksd i zkf/ dkfj; ksa
dksv uq PNsn 361 dsrgr fo' ks"k i zkf/ dkj i znku fd; sx; s 19( 1) ( M) & Hkkjr ds jkT; {ks=k ds fdl h Hkkx esa
gS a
A t Eew &d' ehj dksNksM+ d j fuokl djusrFkk cl t kusdh
v uq PNsn 15 ( / eZ ] uLy] t kfr] ew y oa
' k] t Ue LFkku , oa Lora =krkA
fya x dsv k/ kj i j foHksn dk fu"ks/) & jkT; ds}kjk keZ ] 19( 1) ( N) & dksbZHkh ofk] mi t hfodk] O;ki kj ; k
t kfr] ew y oa ' k] t Ue&LFkku , oafya x dsv k/ kj i j ukxfjdksa dkjksckj djusdh Lora =krkA
dsi zfr fdl hi zd kj dk HksnHkko ughafd; k t k, xkAfdUrq v uq PNsn 20& ( v i jk/ ksadsfy, nks"kfl f dsl Eca / esa
v i oknLo: i v uq - 15( 3) dsrgr ckydksa, oafL=k; ksads laj {k.k) & bl v uq PNsn esafuEu i zko/ ku gS & ( 1) fdl h
a
fodkl dsfy, rFkkv uq - 15( 4) dsrgr l kekft d rFkk O;fDr dksfdl hvi jk/ dsfy, rc rd nks"khfu.khZ r ugha
' kSf{kd nf"V l sfi NM+ sgq, oxksZ
a; k v uq lw fpr t kfr; ksa, oa fd; kt kl drk] t c rd ml us, slhfof/ dkmYya ?ku u
t ut kfr; ksadhmUufr dsfy, fo' ks"ki zko/ ku dj l drkgS A fd; k gksA ( 2) v i jk/ h dksv i jk/ djusdsl e; t ks
v uq PNsn 16 ( yksd fu; kstu dsfo"k; esavol j dhl erk) & dkuw u gS aml hdsrgr l t kfeysxh] u fd i gysv kS j ckn
jkT; dsv / hu fdl hi n i j fu; q fDr ; kfu; kst u l sl a caf/ dscuusokysdkuw u dsrgr ( 3) , d v i jk/ dsfy, , d
r fo"k; ksaesal Hkh ukxfjdksadsfy, v ol j dh l ekurk l sv f/ d n.M ughafn; k t k l drkA ( 4) fdl h Hkh
gksxhAfdUrqv uq PNsn 16( 2) ( 3) ( 4) , oa( 5) bl ds v i jk/ hdksLo; adsfo# l k{; i s'kdjusdsfy, ck;
v i okn gS AjkT; v uq
a PNsn 16( 4) dsrgr l kekft d , oa ughafd; k t k l drkA
' kSf{kd nf"V l sfi NM+ soxZdksl jdkjh ukS d jh esav kj{k.k v uq PNsn 21 ( i zk.k v kS j nS fgd Lora =krk dk l a j {k.k) &
mi yC/ djkrkgS AmPpre U;k; ky; usckykt hokn ekeys fdl h O;fDr dksml dsi zk.k ; k nS fgd Lora =krk l sfof/
esav kj{k.k dh v fkdre l hek 50 ekukA }kjk LFkkfi r i zf; k dsv uq l kj gh oa fpr fd; k t k, xk]
v uq PNsn 17 ( v Li `' ; rk dk v a r ) & ; g ew y v f/ dkj v U;Fkkugha A
O;fDr dksjkT; ksadsl kFk&l kFkukxfjdksadsfo# Hkhi zkIr v uq PNsn 21( d) jkT; N%l spkS ng o"kZv k; qrd dsl Hkh
gS Av Li `' ; rkdkv a r djusdsfy, dkuw u cukusdkv f/ cPpksadks fof/ }kjk LFkkfi r mi cfU/ r fu% ' kq
Yd , oa
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v fuok; Zf' k{kkmi yC/ djk, xkAbl v uq PNsn dksl afo/ ku xfrfof/ ; ksadsmkjnk; h O;fDr; ksadksfu# djuk gS A
esa86okal fao/ ku&l a ' kks/u 2002 ds}kjk t ksM+ k x; kA 5- v ko' ; d oLrq, oapksjckt kjh fuokj.k v f/ fu; e] 1980A
v uq PNsn 22 ( ca nhdj.k o fujks/ dsfo# l a oS
/ kfud 6- v kra d okn , oafooa ' kd xfrfof/ ( fujks/d) v fkfu; e
la j {k.k) & v uq Pnsn 22 v uq PNsn dk i w j d gSv kSj bu nksuksa ( VkMk) 1985& fuokjd fujks/ dsfy, v c rd t ksdkuw u
dks, d l kFk i <+ uk pkfg, Av uq PNsn 22 esa7 [ k.M gS ]
a cusmu l c esa; g l okZ f/ d dBksj , oai zHkkohFkkA23 ebZ
ft uesa[ k.M( 1) rFkk ( 2) esafxjrkj O;fDr; ksadsv f/ 1995 dksbl sl ekIr dj fn; k x; kAl ekIr djusokyk
dkjksarFkkl a j {k.kdsl a ca / esai zko/ ku fd; kx; kgS ] t cfd l cl si gyk jkT; m- i z- FkkA
[ k.M ( 3) l s( 7) rd esafuokjd fujks/ dsl Eca / esa
7- v kra d okn fujks/d v f/ fu; e ( i ksVk) 2002& ns'k esa
i zko/ ku fd; k x; k gS A
v kra d okn i j v a dq' k yxkusdsms'; l s; g v f/ fu; e
fxj r kj O;fDr d ksfuEufy f[ kr v f/ d kj , oal a j {k. k i znku yk; k x; k Fkk] ft l s21 fnl Ecj 2004 dksdsUnzl jdkj
fd ; k x; k gS & }kjk t kjh v ; kns'k dst fj; sj dj fn; k x; kA
1- fxjrkjh esaysusdk dkj.k crkuk gksxkA 8- xSj dkuw uh xfrfof/ ; ka( fuokj.k) v f/ fu; e 2004& bl ds
2- 24 ?kV asdsv Unj ( v kus&t kusdsl e; dksNksM+ d j) ml s }kjk jk"V fojks/h xfrfof/ ; ksaesa' kkfey yksxksadsfy,
ut nhd dsna Mkf/ dkjh dsl e{k i s'k djuk gksxkA eR;q naM rd dk i zko/ ku fd; k x; k gS A
3- ml sv i usi l a n dsodhy l sl ykg ysusdkv f/ dkj gksxkA 9- xSj dkuw uhxfrfof/ fuokj.k( l a ' kksf/ r) dkuw u 2009& bl
fuokjd fujks / & bl dkuw u dsv UrxZ r fdl h O;fDr dks dkuw u dsnk; jsesav kra d okn v kS j v kra d okn dsfoki ks"k.k
v i jk/ djusdsi w oZfxjrkj fd; k t k l drk gS Abl dk rFkk v U; rjhdsl sv kra d oknh xfrfof/ ; ksadksl gk; rk
ms'; O;fDr dksv i jk/ dsfy, n.M nsuk ughaoju~ djusokysdk; ksZ adksyk; k x; k gS Abl dkuw u dk ms';
v i jk/ djusl sjksd uk gS A oLrq r %; g dk; Z okgh yksd v kra d okn l st q M+sekeyksadhRofjr t ka p] v fHk; kst u v kS
j
O;ogkj cuk; sj[ kus, oajkT; dhl q j {kkl a
ca
/ hdkj.kksal sgks lq uokbZl q fuf' pr djuk gS A
l drh gS A 3- ' kks"k. k d sfo# v f/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 23&24)
fuokj d fuj ks/ l sl a caf/ r cukbZxbZfof/ ; ka v uq PNsn 23 ( ekuo dsnq O;kZ
i kj v kS j cykr Je dki zfr"ks/
1- fuokjd fujks/ v f/ fu; e 1950& Hkkjrh; l a l n }kjki gyk ) & bl dsrgr ekuo dsnq O;kZi kj rFkkcsxkj v kS j bl hi zd kj
fuokjd fujks/ dkuw u 26 i Q jojh 1950 dksi fjr fd; k dsv U; cykr~Je dksi zfr"ks fd; k t krk gSv kS j bl dk
x; kAbl dkms'; jk"Vfojks/hrRoksadksHkkjrh; i zfrj{kkds mYya ?ku v i jk/ gksxk] t ksfof/ dsv uq l kj na
Muh; gksxkA
i zfrdw y dk; Zdjusl sjksd uk FkkAbl dsrgr ut jca nhdh bl h v uq PNsn ds rgr l a l n us ca /qv k et nwj h i z.kkyh
v of/ , d o"kZFkhA; g v f/ fu; e 31 fnl Ecj 1969 rd mUew y u v f/ fu; e 1976 v kS j efgyk , oacky v uS frd
v fLrRo esajgkA O;ki kj ( fuokj.k) v f/ fu; e 1988 i kfjr fd; kA
2- v kUrfjd l jq{kk O;oLFkk v f/ fu; e (MISA) 1971& bl v uq PNsn 24 ( ckyJe dk fu"ks/) & bl dsrgr 14 o"kZl s
dkuw u dsrgr l a d V dky esafdl hO;fDr dksi jke' kZ nkrk de v k; qdsfdl hckyd dksfdl hdkj[ kkus; k [ kku esa
ea My l si jke' kZfy, fcuk21 ekg rd ut jca n fd; kt k dke djusdsfy, fu; ksft r ughafd; k t k, xk ; k fdl h
l drk FkkA; g v f/ fu; e v i zS y 1979 esal ekIr gksx; kA v U; i fjl a d Ve; dk; Zesaughayxk; k t k, xkAcky v f/
dkjksadsl a j {k.kdsms'; l s2007 esajk"Vh; cky v f/ dkj
3- fons'kheq nzkl a j {k.krFkkrLdjhfuokj.kv f/ fu; e 1974&
la j {k.k v k; ksx dk xBu fd; k x; kA
v kfFkZ d {ks=k esabl sjk"Vh; l q j {kk dkuw u dk nt kZi zkIr gS A
i zkjEHk esabl dsv a r xZr ut jca nh dh v of/ , d o"kZFkhA 4- / eZd h Lor a =kd k d k v f/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 25 l s28)
ft l s1984 esa, d v ; k; ns'k}kjkc<+ kdj 2 o"kZdj fn; k v uq PNsn 25 ( v Ur%dj.kdhLora =krk) & bl dsrgr l Hkh
x; kgS A O;fDr; ksadksv Ur%dj.k dh Lora =krk dk v kS j keZdks
4- jk"Vh; l q j {kk v f/ fu; e 1983& bl dk ms'; l kEi znkf; d fcuk fdl hck/ k dsekuus] v kpj.k djusv kjSi zpkj djus
v kS j t krh; na xksarFkkns'kdhl q j {kkdsfy, [ krjukd v U; dk v f/ dkj gS A

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v uq PNsn 26 ( / kfeZ d dk; ksZ adsi zca / dhLora =krk) & bl ds U;k; ky; esarFkkv uq Pnsn 226 dsv khu mPp U;k; ky; esa
rgr O;fDr dksv i us/ eZdsfy, l a LFkkv ksadhLFkki uko fjV ; kfpdk nkf[ ky djusdsv f/ dkj ukxfjdksadksi znku
i ks"k.k djus] fof/ l Eer l Ei fk dsv t Z u] LokfeRo o fd; sx; sgS A ew
a y v f/ dkjksadsmYya ?ku dh fLFkfr esa
i z'kkl u dk v f/ dkj gS A U;k; ky; dksfuEu fjV t kjh djusdk v f/ dkj gS &
v uq PNsn 27 ( / kfeZ d O;; i j dj l seq fDr) & bl dsrgr ca nhi zR;{khdj.kfjV& ; g fjV fxjrkj fd; sx; sO;fDr ; k
fdl hHkhO;fDr dks, slkdj nsusdsfy, ck; ughafd; k ml dsfdl hl a ca
/ hdhi zkFkZ uki j U;k; ky; }kjkml i zkf/
t k, xk ft l dh v k; dksfdl h fo' ks"k / eZ; k kkfeZ d dkjhdsfo# t kjhfd; k t krk gSt ksml sfxjrkj fd; k
l Ei znk; dh of dsfy, O;; fd; k t krk gS A gksrkgS Abl ds}kjkU;k; ky; ca nhdj.kdjusokysi zkf/ dkjh
v uq PNsn 28& bl dsrgr mu f' k{kkl a LFkkuksaesadksbZkkfeZ d dks; g v kns'k nsrk gSfd og ca nh cuk, x, O;fDr dks
f' k{kk ughanh t k, xh] t ks i w . kZ
r %l jdkj ds [ kpZi j fuf' pr LFkku v kS j fuf' pr l e; dsv a nj mi fLFkr djsa ]
la pkfyr gksrh gS At ksf' k{kk l a
LFkk, afdl h , slsU;kl }kjk ft l l sU;k; ky; ca nhcuk, t kusdsdkj.kksai j mfpr fopkj
LFkkfi r dh x; h gS ] ft l dsv uq l kj ml l a LFkk esa/ kfeZ d dj l dsA
f' k{kk nsuk v ko' ; d gS ] ml esa/ kfeZ d f' k{kknht k l drh i jekns'k(Mandamus): bl dk' kkfCnd v FkZ ] ^ge v kns'k
gS ] Hkysgh , slh l a LFkk dk i z'kkl u jkT; djrk gksA nsrsgS A* ; g ml l e; t kjhfd; kt krkgSt c dksbZi nkf/
a
5- la Lfr v kjS f' k{kk l a ca/ h v f/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 29] dk jh vi usl koZ
t fud drZ O; dki kyu ughadjrkAbl fjV
30) dsek; e l sml sv i usdrZ O; dsi kyu dk v kns'k fn; k
t krkgS A
v uq PNsn 29 ( v Yi l a [ ; d oxksZ adsfgrksadk l a j {k.k) &
mR i zs"k.k (Certiorari): bl dk ' kkfCnd v FkZgS^v kS j
Hkkjr dkdksbZHkhv Yi l a [ ; d oxZv i uhHkk"kk] fyfi , oa
v fkd t kudkjhi zkIr djuk*A; g v kns'kdkuw uh{ks=kkfkdkj
la Lfr dksl q j f{kr j[ k l drk gS A
l s l Eca f/ r =kq
fV; ksav Fkok v / huLFk U;k; ky; l s dq N
v uq PNsn 30 ( f' k{kkl a LFkkvksadhLFkki ukv kS j i z'kkl u djus lwpuk i zkIr djusdsfy, t kjh fd; k t krk gS A
dk v Yi l [a; d oxksZ adk v f/ dkj) & bl dsrgr / eZ; k v f/ dkj i PNk (Que-irranto): t c dksbZO;fDr , sls
Hkk"kki j v k/ kfjr l HkhvYi l a [ ; d oxksZ adksvi uh#fp ds i nkf/ dkjhds: i esadk; ZdjusyxrkgSft l dk fd og
v uq l kj f' k{k.kl aLFkkdksLFkkfi r djusrFkkmudki z'kkl u oS/ kfud : i l sv f/ dkjhughagSrksU;k; ky; bl fjV }kjk
djusdk v f/ dkj gS A iwNrkgSfd og fdl v k/ kj i j bl i n i j dk; Zdj jgk
6- la oS / kfud mi pkj ksad k v f/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 32) gSAbl i z'u dk l eq fpr mkj nsusrd og dk; Zughadj
la oS / kfud mi pkjksadsv f/ dkj dksMkW - Hkhejko v EcsMdj l drk gS A
usl fao/ ku dh v kRek dgkA iz fr"ks/ (Prohibition): ; g rc t kjh fd; k t krk gSt c
v uq PNsn 32& l a fo/ ku dsHkkx 3 esai zR;kZ Hkw
r ew y v fkdkjksa dksbZU;kf; d v f/ dj.kv Fkokv/ Z U;kf; d i zkf/ dj.kv i us
dk ; fn jkT; }kjk mYya ?ku fd; k t k; srksjkT; dsfo# {ks=kkf/ dkj dkvfre.kdjrkgS Abl esai zkfkdj.kU;k; ky;
mi pkj i zkIr djusdsfy, v uq PNsn 32 dsv / hu mPpre dksdk; Z okgh rRdky jksd usdk v kns'k fn; k t krk gS A
ekS fy d v f/ d kj uhfr funsZ
' kd r Ro
bl dk mYys[k l afo/ ku dsHkkx 3 esagS A bl dk mYys[k l afo/ ku dsHkkx&4 esagS A
; g v esfjdk dsl a fo/ ku l sfy; k x; k gSA ; g v k; jyS
M dsl a
a fo/ ku l sfy; k x; k gS
A
; g U;k; ky; esai zorZ
uh; gS A ; g U;k; ky; esai zorZuh; ughagSA
bl dk ms'; jkt uS frd i zt kra
=k dh LFkki uk gS
A bl dk ms'; l kekft d , oav kfFkZd i zt kra
=k dh LFkki uk gS
A
; g udkjkRed gS A ; g l dkjkRed gS A
v ki r mi ca
/ esabUgsaj fd; k t k l drk gS A bUgsaj ughafd; k t k l drk gS A
; g v f/ dkj ukxfjd dksLor%i zkIr gS A ; g l k/ u gS
A
bl dk fo"k; O;fDr gS A bl dk fo"k; jkT; gS A

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
dsoy Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dksi zkIr ew y v f/ dkj&v uq PNsn 6- feuokZfeYl cuke Hkkjr l a ?k ( 1980) dsfu.kZ ; ds}kjk
15] 16] 19] 29 , oa30A ; g Li "V fd; kx; kfd l a fo/ ku dsv k/ kjHkrwy{k.kksadh
ukxfjd , oaxS j ukxfjd nksuksadksi zkIr ew y v f/ dkj& j{kk djusdk v f/ dkj U;k; ky; dksgS A bl v k/ kj i j
v uq PNsn 14] 20] 21] 23] 24] 25] 26] 27] v kS j 28A U;k; ky; fdl hHkhl a ' kks/u dki q ujkoyksd u dj l drkgS A
ekS
fy d v f/ d kj ksad k fuy Ecu% & 13- j kT; d suhfr funs'kd fl ka r
( Hkkx 4 v uq PNsn 36 l s51)
t c jk"Vi fr ns ' k esa352 dsrgr~jk"Vh; v ki krdky dh
funs'kd rRoksadk eq [ ; ms'; l kew fgd : i l sHkkjr esa
?kks"k.kk ( ;
q v kSj ckg~ ; v ke.kdsv k/ kj i j) djrk gS
v kfFkZ d , oal kekft d yksd ra =k dh jpuk djuk rFkk
rksv uq PNsn 19 dsrgr~i zkIr l HkhekS fyd v f/ dkj Lor%
dY; k.kdkjh jkT; dh LFkki uk djuk gS A
fuyfEcr gkst krsgS A
a
v uq PNsn 37& U;k; ky; }kjk i zorZ uh; ughagSfdUrq; g
vU ; ekS fyd v f/ dkjksdksjk"Vi fr v uq PNsn 359 dsrgr
' kkl u esaew y Hkw
r gSvkS j fof/ cukusesabUgsaykxwdjukjkT;
v f/ l w puk t kjh dj fuyfEcr dj l drk gS A
dk drZ O; gksxkA
44os al fao/ ku l a' kks/u ( 1978) dsv uq l kj v uq PNsn 20
v kSj 21 }kjki znkv f/ dkj dHkhHkhl ekIr ughafd, t k v uq PNsn 38( d) & jkT; , slh l kekft d O;oLFkk ft l esa
l drsA l kekft d] v kfFkZ d v kS j jkt uhfrd U;k; v uq i zekf.kr gksrk
ew y v f/ dkj esal a ' kks/u& l a fo/ ku esabl dkLi "V mYys[k gks] dh v fHkof dk i z;kl djsxkA
ughagS Av uq PNsn 13( 2) esai zko/ ku fd; kx; kgSfd jkT; v uq PNsn 38( [ k) & jkT; v k; dh v l ekurkv ksadksde
, slhdksbZfof/ ughacuk, xkt ksew y kf/ dkjksadksde djrh djusdki z;kl djsxkv kS j u dsoy O;f"V; ksadschp cfYd
gksAl a fo/ ku dk v fUre fuoZ pudrkZmPpre U;k; ky; gS A fofHkUu {ks=kksadsfofHkUu O;ol k; ksaesayxsgq , l ew gksadschp
bl fy, ml dsl e{k dbZoknsv k; sA i zfr"Bk l q fo/ kv ksav kS
j v ol jksadhv l ekurk l ekIr djus
1- ' kd a jh i zlkn cuke Hkkjr l a ?k ( 1951) & bl ekeysesa dk i z;kl djsxk ( 44osal a ' kks/u }kjk v Ur%LFkkfi r) A
U;k; ky; usfu.kZ ; fn; kfd vuq PNsn 368 esafofgr i zf; k v uq PNsn 39& jkT; }kjk v i uh uhfr ds l a pkyu esa
dsv uq l kj l a
fo/ ku dk l a ' kks/u fof/ dsv UrxZ r ugha fuEufyf[ kr ckrksadksl q fuf' pr fd; k t k; sxkA
v krk] bl fy, l a lnla fo/ ku esal a ' kks/u dj l drh gS a ( d) iq #"kv kS j L=khl Hkhukxfjdksadksl eku : i l st hfodkds
2- xksy dukFkcuke i a t kc jkT; dsekeys( 1967) esaU;k; ky; i ; kZ
Ir l k/ u i zkIr djusdk v f/ dkjh gksA
us; g fu.k;Z fn; k fd l a l n dksew y v f/ dkj esal a ' kks/u ( [ k) l eq nk; dsHkkS frd l a l k/ uksadk LokfeRo v kS j fu; a =k.k bl
dh dksbZ' kfDr ughagS A i zd kj ca Vk gks] ft l esal kew fgd fgr dk l oksZ Pp : i l s
la l k/ u gksA
3- 24okal 'akks/u ( 1971) }kjk l a l n us; g O;oLFkk nh fd
( x) v kfFkZ d O;oLFkk bl i zd kj pysft l l s/ u v kS j mRiknu
la fo/ ku dsfdl hHkkx esal a ' kks/u fd; kt kl drkgSv kS j
l k/ uksadkl oZ l k/ kj.kdsfy; sv fgrdkjhl a d sUnz.ku gksA
jk"Vi fr l Hkh l a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u i j v i uh v uq efr nsusds
( ?k) iq #"kksav kS
j fL=k; ksanksuksadkl eku dk; Zdsfy, l eku osru
fy, ck; gksxkA
gksA
4- ds'kokuUn Hkkjrh cuke dsjy jkT; dsekeys( 1973) esa
( M) iq #"k v kS j L=kh deZ d kjksadsLokLF; v kS j ' kfDr dk rFkk
24osal fao/ ku l a ' kks/u dhl a oS / kfudrkdkspq ukS
r hnhx; hA
ckydksadhl q dqekj v oLFkkdknq #i ; ksx u gksv kS j v kfFkZd
bl okn esamPpre U;k; ky; us; g ekukfd l a l nl a fo/
v ko' ; drkl sfoo' kgksd j ukxfjdksadks, slsjkst xkjksaesau
ku dsfdl hHkhHkkx esal a ' kks/u dj l drhgS ] fdUrqml ds
t kuk i M+ s] t ksmudh v k; q; k ' kfDr dsv uq dw y ughagS A
ew y <+ ka
psesai fjorZ u ughadj l drhA
( p) ckydksadks Lora =k v kS j xfjeke; okrkoj.k esaLoLF;
5- 42osal fao/ ku l a ' kks/u ( 1976) }kjk ; g O;oLFkk dh xbZ fodkl dsv ol j v kS j lq fo/ k, anht k, arFkkmudk' kks"k.k
fd l lan }kjk fd; sx; sl a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u dh oS krk dks rFkk uS frd , oav kfFkZ d i fjR;kx l sj{kk dh t k; sA
fdl hHkhv k/ kj i j U;k; ky; esapq ukSr hughanht kl drh v uq PNsn 39] ( d) ( 1) ] jkT; ] v kfFkZ d : i l sdet ksj
v kSj l lan dh l a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u ' kfDr i j dksbZi fjl hek ukxfjdksadksl eku U;k; v kS j fu%' kq
Yd fof/ d l gk; rk
ughagksxhA mi yC/ djk; sxkA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v uq PNsn 40& xzke i a pk; rksadk l a xBuA 1- la fo/ ku dk i kyu djsav kS j ml ds v kn' kksZ ] la
a LFkkv ksa]
v uq PNsn 41& dq N n' kkv ksaesadke] f' k{kk v kS j yksd jk"Vot v kS j jk"Vxku dk v knj djsa A
l gk; rk i kusdk v f/ dkjA 2- Lora =krk dsi kyu gekjsjk"Vh; v ka nksy u dksi zsfjr djus
v uq PNsn 42& dke dh U;k; l a xr v kS j ekuokfspr n' kkv ksa okysmPp v kn' kksZ adksn; esal a t ks;sj[ ksv kjSmudki kyu
dk rFkk i zlw fr l gk; rk dk mi ca /A djsa A
3- Hkkjr dhl Ei zHkq r k] , drk v kS j v [ ka Mrk dh j{kk djsv kS j
v uq PNsn 43& deZ d kjksadsfy, fuokZ pu] et nw j h, oadq Vhj
ml sv {kq . .k j[ ksa
A
m| ksxksadksc<+ kusdk i z;kl A
4- ns'kdhj{kkdjsav kS j v kg~ oku fd; st kusi j jk"Vdhl sok
v uq PNsn 44& l eku ukxfjd l a fgrkA
djsa A
v uq PNsn 45& N%o"kZl sde v k; qdsckydksadsi zkjfEHkd 5- Hkkjr dsl Hkh yksxksaesal ejl rk v kS j l eku HkzkrRo dh
cpi u dh ns[kHkky v kS j f' k{kk dk mi ca /A HkkoukdkfuekZ . kdjsat ks/ eZ ] Hkk"kkv kS j i zn'sk; koxZi j
v uq PNsn 46& v uq lw fpr t kfr; ksa ] v uq lwfpr t ut kfr; ksav kS j v k/ kfjr l HkhHksnHkko l si jsgksA, slhi zFkkv ka sdkR;kx djsa
v U; nq cZ
y oxksZ ads f' k{kk v kS j v FkZl a ca/ h fgrksadh t ksfL=k; ksadsl Eeku dsfo# gksA
vfHkofA 6- gekjh l kekfl d (Composit) l a Lfr dh xkS j o' kkyh
v uq PNsn 47& i ks"kkgkj Lrj v kS j t hou Lrj dkspk djus i jEi jk dk egRo l e>sv kS j ml dk i fjj{k.k djsa A
rFkk yksd LokLF; dk l q / kj djusdk jkT; dk drZ O;A 7- i zkfrd i ; kZ oj.k] ft l dsv a r xZ
r ou] >hy] unhv kS j oU;
v uq PNsn 48& f"kv kS j i ' kqi kyu dkl a xBuAjkT; nq kk: t ho gS ] dhj{kkdjsav kS
a j mudkl a o/ Zu djsarFkki zkf.kek=k
i ' kqo/ dksjksd sxkA dsi zfr n; kHkko j[ ksa A
v uq PNsn 48( d) & jkT; ns'k dsi ; kZ oj.k dsl a j {k.k rFkk 8- oS Kkfud nf"Vdks.k] ekuookn v kS j Kkukt Z u rFkk l q/ kj dh
la o/ Zu dkv kS j ou rFkkoU; t hoksadhj{kkdjusdki z;kl Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa A
djsxkA 9- l koZ t fud l Ei fk dh l q j {kk djsarFkk fga l k l snwj jgsA
v uq PNsn 49& jkT; jk"Vh; egRo dsl a Lekjdk]a s LFkkuksav kS
j 10- O;fDrxr , oal kew fgd xfrfof/ ; ksadsl Hkh{ks=kksaesamRd"kZ
oLrq v ksadkl a j {k.k djsxkA dhv ksj i <+ usdkl rr~i z;kl djsaft l l sjk"VfujUrj c<+ rs
gq , i z;Ru v kS j mi yfC/ dh ubZa pkb; ksadksNwysA
v uq PNsn 50& dk; Z i kfydkl sU;k; i kfydkdki FkDdj.kA
11- 6 o"kZl s14 o"kZrd dh v k; qdsckydksadsekrk&fi rk
v uq PNsn 51& jkT; v a r jkZ
"Vh; ' kkafr v kS j lq j {kk dk i z;kl ; kl a j {kdksadk; g drZ O; gksxkfd osckydksadksfu% ' kq
Yd
djsxkA f' k{kk dk v ol j i znku djsa A
14- ekS fy d d r Z O; 15- j k"Vi fr
Hkkjrh; l fao/ ku ds42osal a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u 1976 }kjk Hkkjrh; l a ?k dhdk; Z i kfydk dh' kfDr jk"Vi fr esafufgr
la fo/ ku dsHkkx 4 esa, d u; kHkkx 4&d t ksM+ d j v uq PNsn gksrhgS A
51&d dsrgr ekS fyd drZ O; dh O;oLFkk dh x; h gS A Hkkjr es afczVsu dsl eku l a l nh; O;oLFkkdksv i uk; kx; k
Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku esabudk l ekos'k l jnkj Lo.kZfl a g gS Av r%jk"Vi fr ukeek=k dk dk; Z i kfydk i zeq [ k gSrFkk
l fefr dh v uq ' ka
l ki j i w oZl ksfo; r l a ?k dsl a fo/ ku l s okLrfod ' kfDr ea f=keaMy ( i z/kuea =kh) esafufgr gksrhgS A
i zHkkfor gksd j fd; k x; k gS A jk"Vi fr dksl a oS / kfud i zeq [ k gksusdsdkj.kml sHkkjr dk
bl dsrgr nl drZ O; t ksM+ sx; sgS at ksfd i R z; sd ukxfjd i zFke ukxfjd dgk t krk gS A
dk ew y drZ O; gS ] i jar qfN; kl hokal a fo/ ku l 'akks/u 2001
v uq PNsn 58 jk"Vi fr i n dsfy, fuEu ; ksX; rk fu/ kZ fjr
}kjkv uq PNsn 51&d esau; k[ k.M^11* t ksM+ kx; kgS Av r%
djrk gS &
orZ eku esaekS fyd drZ O;ksadh l a [ ; k 11 gksxbZgS A
ew y drZ O; dsrgr Hkkjr dsi zR;sd ukxfjd dk; g drZ O; 1- og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksrFkk 35 o"kZdh v k; qi w j h dj
gksxk fd& pq d kgksA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- og yksd l Hkk dk l nL; fuokZ fpr gksusdh ; ksX; rk j[ krk 1- og v i usi n dsi zfr oi Q knkj jgsxk]
gksA 2- la fo/ ku , oadkuw u dk i kyu , oaj{kk djsxk]
3- og pq uko dsl e; ykHkdki n / kj.kughadjrkgksAfdUrq 3- Lo; adksHkkjr dsyksxksadh l sok o dY; k.k djusesa
; fn dksbZO;fDr jk"Vi fr ; kmi jk"Vi fr dsi n i j ; kl a ?k l efi Z r jgsxkA
v Fkokfdl hjkT; dsea f=ki fj"kn dkl nL; gksrksog ykHk
v uq PNsn 56 dsv uq l kj jk"Vi fr dkdk; Z d ky i kap o"kZgksrk
dk i n ughaekuk t k, xkA
gS ] fdUrqO;ogkj esadk; Z d ky dhl ekfIr dsckn Hkhv i us
jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ pu dsfy, fuokZ pu e.My&v uq PNsn 54 mkjkf/ dkjh pq usat kusrd i n i j cusjgrsgS A
a
dsv uq l kj jk"Vi fr dk fuokZ pu yksd l Hkk] jkT; l Hkk , oa
v i usdk; Z d ky dse; esaHkh jk"Vi fr v i uk R;kxi =k
l Hkhfo/ ku l Hkkv ksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; ksa}kjkgksrkgS A70osa
mi jk"Vi fr dksl kS i l drk gS
a Aft l dh l w puk mi jk"Vi fr
la ' kks/u dsckn l a ?k jkT; i kf.Mpsjh rFkk fnYyh fo/ ku
yksd l Hkk v ; {k dksv foyEc nsrk gS A
l Hkk dsfuokZ fpr l nL; dksHkh bl fuokZ pu ea My esa
' kkfey dj fy; k x; kA egkfHk; ksx& v uq PNsn 61 dsrgr jk"Vi fr }kjkl a fo/ ku dk
v fre.k djus i j fdl h Hkh l nu }kjk jk"Vi fr i j
, d l lan dserks adk ew Y;
egkfHk; ksx yxk; k t k l drk gS ai ja
r qbl dsfy, v ko' ; d
l Hkh jkT; ksadsfo/ k; dksadserksadk dq y ew Y; gSfd jk"Vi fr dks14 fnu i gysbl ckr dh fyf[ kr
=
lal n dk fuokZ fpr l nL; A lw puk nht k, ] ft l i j ml l nu ds, d pkF SkkbZ( 25)
, d fo/ k; d dk er ew Y; l nL; ksadkgLrk{kj gksAbl dsckn ckjh&ckjhl snksuksal nuksa
}kjk nksfrgkbZcgq er l si zLrko i kfjr dj fn; k t k, rks
jkT; dh dq y t ul a [;k 1
= egkfHk; ksx dhi zf; ki w j hl e>ht k, xhv kjSml frfFkl s
jkT; fo/ ku l Hkk dsfuokZ fpr l nL; ksadh l a [;k 1000
jk"Vi fr dksi nR;kx djukgksxkA
jk"Vi fr i n dsmEehn~ okj dsfy, fuokZ pd ea My ds50 l nL; jk"Vi fr dki n ; fn fdl hdkj.ko' kfjDr gkst krkgSrks
izLrkod rFkk50 l nL; v uq eks
nudrkZgks r kgSAjk"Vi fr ds mi jk"Vi fr jk"Vi fr ds : i esadk; Zdjsxk v kS j ; fn
mEehn~ okj dht ekur jkf' k15]000 #i ; sgS A mi jk"Vi fr Hkh fdl h dkj.ko' k gV t krk gSrksHkkjr dk
jk"Vi fr dkfuokZ pu v uq PNsn 55 dsrgr v i zR;{kfuokZ pu eq [ ; U;k; k/ h'kjk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; ZdjsxkAU;k; ew frZeq-
}kjk l ekuq i kfrd i zfrfufRo i z.kkyh v kS j , dy l a e.kh; fgnk; rq Yykg , slhghfLFkfr esadk; Z okgd jk"Vi fr ds: i
er i fr ds}kjk gksrk gS A esadk; Zfd; sA
jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ pu l sl a caf/ r fookn dkl ek/ ku mPpre jk"Vi fr dk i n N%eghusl sv f/ d fjDr ughajg l drk
U;k; ky; }kjkfd; kt krkgS AfuokZpu esaxM+ cM+hi k; st kus gSA
i j pq uko dksv oS / "kksf"kr dj fn; k t krk gS ] fdUrqml osru , oaHkkk& jk"Vi fr dkekfl d osru M< s+yk[ k#i ; k
dk; Z d ky esajk"Vi fr }kjkfd; sx; sdk; ZdksoS / ekukt krk gS amudk osru v k; dj l seq Dr gksrk gS A
gSA jk"Vi fr dsdk; Z d ky esamudsosru rFkk HkksesadksbZHkh
11os al fao/ ku l a ' kks/u v f/ fu; e 1961 dsv uq l kj fdl h deh ughadh t k l drh gS A
jkT; dhfo/ kul Hkk Hka x gksusdhfLFkfr esajk"Vi fr pq uko jk"Vi fr dksosru dsv frfjDr fu% ' kq
Yd fuokl LFkku o
djk; k t k l drk gS A la l n }kjk Lohr v U; Hkksi zkIr gksrsgS A
a
v uq PNsn 57 dsv uq l kj O;fDr ft ruhckj pkgsjk"Vi fr ds jk"Vi fr dsfy, 6 yk[ k#i ; sokf"kZ d i sa' ku fu/ kZ
fjr dhxbZ
i n i j fuokfZpr gksl drk gS a gSA
v uq PNsn 60 dsrgr jk"Vi fr i n dsfy, fuokZ fpr gq vk MkW - jkt sUnzi zlkn Hkkjr dsi zFke jk"Vi fr FksA os, dek=k
O;fDr] mPpre U;k; ky; ( Hkkjr) dseq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k ; k O;fDr gS aft Ugsanksckj Hkkjr dk jk"Vi fr cuusdk xkS jo
ml dh v uq i fLFkfr esa mPpre U;k; ky; ds cfj"Bre i zkIr gq v kgS A
U;k; k/ h' kdsl e{kv i usi n dsdk; Z i kyu dh' ki Fkysrk oh- oh- fxfj , d ek=k , slsjk"Vi fr gS ] ft udsfuokZ
a pu esa
gSfd& f}rh; p dh erx.kuk djuh i M+ hA

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
uhye l taho jsM~ Mh fufoZ j ks/ fuokZ fpr gksusokysHkkjr ds esav uq lw fpr t ut kfr; ksadsdY; k.kl a ca
/ hf; kdyki ksai j
, d ek=k jk"Vi fr gS A fji ksVZnsusdsfy, v k; ksx dk xBu djuk ' kkfey gS A
Hkkjr dhi z Fke efgykjk"Vi fr i zfrHkknsohfl g a i kfVy gS A 4- l S
a U; ' kfDr& jk"Vi fr rhuksal suk dk l oksZ Pp gksrsgS A
a
eq gEen fgnk; rq Yykg Hkkjr dseq [ ; U;k; k/ h'kdsdk; Z d ky 5- jkt uf; d ' kfDr& v UrjkZ "Vh; ekeyksaesajk"Vi fr Hkkjr dk
esadk; Z okgd jk"Vi fr cusFksA i zfrfuf/ Ro djrk gS Av U; ns'kksaesaHkst st kusokysjkt nw r
rFkkmPpk; q Dr jk"Vi fr }kjkfu; q Dr fd; st krsgS Al kFkgh
a
Hkkjr dsdk; Z okgd jk"Vi fr&oh- oh- fxfj] U;k; ew frZeq -
v U; ns'kksal sHkkjr esafu; q fDr i j v kusokysjkt nw r ksa, oa
fgnk; rq Yykg , oach- Mh- t khA
mPp; q Drksadkv uq eksnu Hkhjk"Vi fr ghdjrsgS Anw
a l jsns'kksa
j k"Vi fr d sv f/ d kj , oad r Z O;& dsl kFk dksbZHkh l e>kS r k ; kl af/ jk"Vi fr dsuke l sgh
dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr; k& v uq PNsn 73 dsv uq l kj l a ?k dh dh t krh gS A
dk; Z i kfydk' kfDr jk"Vi fr esafufgr gSv kS j og v i uhbl 6- l a l n l sl a caf/ r ' kfDr; k& jk"Vi fr l a l n dkv fHkUu v a x
' kfDr dk i z;ksx dsUnzh; ea f=ke.My dh l gk; rk l sdjrk gS ] D; ksafd l a l n dkxBu jk"Vi fr] yksd l Hkk, oajkT; l Hkk
gSAjk"Vi fr dh dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dksfuEufyf[ kr rhu l sfeydj gksrk gS Abl : i esajk"Vi fr dsdk; Z &
HkkxksaesafoHkkft r fd; k t k l drk gS A jk"Vi fr dksl a l n dsl =kv kgq r djus] l =kkol ku djusrFkk
1- ea f=ki fj"kn dkxBu& v uq PNsn 74 dsv uq l kj jk"Vi fr l a ?k yksd l Hkk Hka x djusdk v f/ dkj i zkIr gS A
dhdk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dsl a pkyu dsfy, ea =ki fj"kn dk og yksd l Hkk esanks, oajkT; l Hkk esa12 v ka Xy& Hkkjrh;
xBu djrk gS ] ft l dk v ; {k i z/kuea =kh
gksrkgS A j k"Vi fr , oaj kT; i ky %{keknku ' kfDr d h r q y uk
2- fu; q fDr l a c/ah' kfDr; k& jk"Vi fr fuEu dksj k"Vi fr j kT; i ky
fu; q fDr djrk gS &
( 1) Hkkjr dk i z/kuea =kh] ( 2) i z/kuea =kh 1- l S U; U;k; ky; }kjk fn, x, n.M 1- , slh dksbZ' kfDr i zkIr ughagS A
dh l ykg i j ea f=ki fj"kn dsv U; l nL; ksa ] v Fkokn.Mkns'kdsl UnHkZesa{keknku]
( 3) l oksZ Pp , oamPp U;k; ky; dseq [; i zfoyEcu] fojke] fuyEcu] i fjgkj
U;k; k/ h' kksa] ( 4) Hkkjr ds fu; a =kd , oa v Fkok y?kq d j.k dh' kfDr i zkIr gS A
egkys[kk i jh{kd] ( 5) jkT; ksadsjkT; i ky]
( 6) eq [ ; pq uko v k; q Dr , oav U; pq uko 2- t gkan.M ; k n.Mkns'k mu fof/ ; ksa 2- eR;qn.Mkns'k dksNksM+ d j mu
v k; D qr] ( 7) Hkkjr dsegkU;k; oknh] ( 8) dsfo# v i jk/ dsfy, gSt ks, sls fof/ ; ksadsfo# v i jk/ dsfy,
jkT; ksadse; l eUo; dsfy, v UrjkZ T; h; fo"k; ksal sl Eca f/ r gSft u i j l a ?kh; gSt ks, slsfo"k; ksal sl Eca f/ r gS a
i fj"kn~ds l nL; ] ( 9) l a ?k yksd l sok dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dk foLrkj gSogk ft u i j jkT; dh dk; Z i kfydk dks
v k; ksx dsv ; {kv kS j v U; l nL; ksa ] ( 10) jk"Vi fr dksmi jksDr ' kfDr; k i zkIr gS A jk"Vi fr dsl eku ' kfDr; k i zkIr
a
fokv k; ksx dsl nL; ksa ] ( 11) Hkk"kkv k; ksx gksrhgS A
a
dsl nL; k]sa ( 12) fi NM+ k oxZv k; ksx ds 3- eR ; n
q.M ds l E
ca/ esa m i jk
D
s r l Hkh eR; q n.M kns'k dh fLFkfr esa
l nL; ksa ] (13) vYi l a [ ; d vk; ksx dsl nL; ksa ] ' kfDr; ki zkIr gS A
a {keknku dh ' kfDr i kzIr ughagS ]
(14) Hkkjr dsjkt nw r ksarFkkv U; jkt uf; dksa i ja
r qfuyEcu] i fjgkj v Fkok
v kfnAjk"Vi fr ; sl Hkhfu; q fDr; kaea f=ki fj"kn y?kq d j.k dh' kfDr i kzIr gS A
dhl ykg l sdjrk gS Aog v i us}kjk fu; q Dr i zkfkdkfj; ksa l nL; ksadh fu; q fDr djrk gS A
rFkk v f/ dkfj; ksadksi neq Dr Hkh dj l drk gS A og nks uksal nuksaesaxfrjks/ gksusi j l a ;q
Dr cS Bd cq y kl drk
3- v k; ksxksadk xBu& jk"Vi fr dsjkT; {ks=k esal kekft d v kS j gS ] ft l dh v ; {krk yk d
s l H k
k v ; {k djrk gSA
' kS
{kf.kd nf"V l sfi NM+ soxZdhn' kkv ksadkv Uos"k.kdjus og l nu ds, d l nu esa; k , d l kFk l fEefyr : i l s
dsfy, v k; ksx] jkT; Hkk"kki j i zfrosnu nsusdsfy, vk; ksx] nksuksal nuksaesav fHkHkk"k.k dj l drk gS A
v uq lw fpr {ks=kksadsi z'kkl u i j fji ksVZnsusdsfy, rFkkjkT; ksa l a l n }kjki kfjr dksbZHkhfo/ s;d jk"Vi fr dsv uq eksnu ds
ckn gh dkuw u curk gS A jk"Vi fr ; k rksml i j v i uh
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v uq efr nsrk gS; k fo/ s;d i j i q u%fopkj djusdsfy, dh ( v uq PNsn&352) ( 2) jkT; ksaesal a oS/ kfud ra =k dh
la l n dksoki l Hkst rk gS A ; fn l al n }kjk i q u%fo/ s;d foi Qy r k i j ogka v ki kr d ky ?kksf"kr d j us d h
i kfjr dj fn; kt krkgSrksjk"Vi fr ml i j v i uhv uq efr ( v uq PNsn&356) v kS j ( 3) fokh; v ki kr ?kkfs"kr djusdh
nsusdsfy, ck; gS A
a ( v uq PNsn&360) A
7- fuEu fo/ s;d jk"Vi fr dh i w oZl gefr dsfcuk l a l n esa 13- jk"Vi fr dksfo' ks"kkf/ dkj& jk"Vi fr v i usi n dsfdl h
i s'k ughafd; k t k l drk& drZ O; dsfuoZ gu rFkk' kfDr; ksadsi z;ksx esafd; st kusokys
( 1) O ; ki kj dhLora =krki j jksd yxkusokysjkT; dkdksbZ fdl h dk; Zdsfy, U;k; ky; dsi zfr mkjnk; h ughagksrk
fo/ s;dA( 2) / u fo/ s;d ( 3) Hkw fe v f/ xzg.kl sl a ca
f/ gS Al kFkght c dksbZO;fDr jk"Vi fr dsi n i j v kl hu gS
r fo/ s;d ( 4) l a fpr fuf/ esaO;; djusokysfo/ s;d rc rd ml dsfo# fdl hnhokuh; ki Q kS
t nkjhU;k; ky;
( 5) ft l djk/ ku esajkT; dk fgr gks] ml djk/ ku i j esadksbZeq d nek ughapyk; k t k l drkA
i zHkko Mkyusokysfo/ s;dA(6) u; sjkT; dkfuekZ . kdjus
42osal a ' kks/u ds}kjk ; g O;oLFkk dh x; h fd jk"Vi fr
; k fo| eku jkT; ds{ks=k] l hek ; k uke esai fjorZ u djus
ea f=ki fj"kn dhl ykg dsv uq l kj dke djusdsfy, ck;
okysfo/ s;dA
gS ] fdUrq44osal a ' kks/u }kjk ; g O;oLFkk dh xbZfd
8- v ; kns'k t kjh djusdh ' kfDr& v uq PNsn 123 dsrgr
jk"Vi fr ea f=ki fj"kn dhl ykg dksi q ufoZ
pkj dsfy, oki l
jk"Vi fr foJkfUrdky esav ; kns'k t kjh dj l drk gS a
Hkst l drk gS A
jk"Vi fr }kjk t kjh v ; kns'k dk i zHkko dsoy 6 ekl rd
jgrkgS A6 ekg dsva nj ; fn nksuksal nuksa}kjkv uq eksfnr ugha jk"Vi fr dhl q j {kknLrsdkv ej okD; gS & Hkkjr ekrkdh
fd; k t krk rks; g v ; kns'k i zHkkoghu gkst krk gS A t ;A
9- jk"Vi fr dhohVks' kfDr& l a fo/ ku }kjkjk"Vi fr dksLi "Vr% 16- mi j k"Vi fr
ohVksdh ' kfDr i znku ughadh x; h gS ] fdUrqjk"Vi fr Hkkjr esami jk"Vi fr dk i n v esfjdk l sfy; k x; k gS A
v i zR;{k : i l st soh ohVksdk i z;ksx djrk gS abl dsrgr Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 63 esami jk"Vi fr dsi n dh
1 jk"Vi fr l a l n }kjk i kfjr fdl h fo/ s;d dks u rks O;oLFkk dh x; h gS A
v uq efr nsrk gSv kS j u gh i q ufoZ pkj dsfy, oki l Hkst rk
mi jk"Vi fr dkfuokZ pu] l al n dsnksuksal nuksadsl nL; ksal s
gS Abl ohVksdki z;ksx jk"Vi fr Kkuht S y fl a
g us1986 esa
feydj cuusokysfuokZ pd e.My ds}kjk v kuq i kfrd
la l n }kjk i kfjr Hkkjrh; Mkd ( l a ' kks/u) v fkfu; e ds
i zfrfuf/ Ro i fkdsv uq l kj , dy l a e.kh; er i z.kkyh
la nHkZesafd; k gS A
l srFkk xq Ir ernku }kjk gksrk gS A
10- v uq PNsn 143 dsv uq l kj jk"Vi fr fdl h l koZ t fud egRo
dsi z'u i j mPpre U;k; ky; dseq [ ; U;k; k/ h'kl si jke' kZ mi jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ pu l sl Eca f/ r fdl hfookn dkfu.kZ ;
ysl drkgS ] fdUrqog ; g i jke' kZekuusdsfy, ck; ugha mPpre U;k; ky; }kjkfd; kt k; sxkAml dkfu.kZ ; v fUre
gSv kS j U;k; / h' kHkhi jke' kZnsusdsfy, ck; ughagS Av kSj gksxkAU;k; ky; }kjkml dsfuokZ pu dksv oS / ?kksf"kr fd; s
U;k; k/ h' k Hkh i jke' kZnsusdsfy, ck; ugha A t kusi j ml dsi n dh' kfDr; ksadsi z;ksx esafd; sx; sdk; Z
11- {keknku dh ' kfDr& l a fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 72 dsrgr v ekU; ughagksa xs] ( v uqPNsn& 71) A
jk"Vi fr dks{kekrFkkdq N ekeyksaesan.Mkns'kdsfuyEcu] bl i n dsmEehnokj esafuEufyf[ kr ; ksX;rk, agksuhv ko' ; d
i fjgkj ; k y?kq d j.k dh' kfDr i znku dhx; hgS A{kek dk gS
&
a
rkRi; Zv i jk/ dsn.Ml seq fDr i znku djukgS Ai zfryEcu ( d) og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA
dk rkRi; Zfof/ }kjk fofgr n.M dsLFkk; h LFkxu l sgS A
( [ k) ml dh v k; qde l sde 35 o"kZgksA
i fjgkj dsv UrxZ r n.M dh i zfr esai fjorZ u fd, fcuk
n.M dh ek=kk dksde fd; k t kuk gS ay?kqd j.k dk v FkZ ( x) og jkT; l Hkk dk l nL; pq
ust kusdh ; ksX; rk j[ krk gksA
n.M dh i zfr esai fjorZ u djuk gS A ( ?k) og dksbZykHk dk i n / kj.k ughadj l drkA
12- vki krdkyhu ' kfDr& jk"Vi fr dksfuEufyf[ kr v ki krdkyhu ( M) og l a
l n dsfdl h l nu ; k jkT; dsfo/ ku e.My ds
' kfDr; kai znku dhx; hgS & ( 1) jk"Vh; v ki kr ?kksf"kr djus
a fdl hl nu dkl nL; ughagksl drkv kS
j ; fn , slkO;fDr

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
mi jk"Vi fr fuokZ fpr gkst krk gSrks; g l e>k t k; sxk fd d k; Z, oa' kfDr ; k
ml usml l nu dkv i ukLFkku v i usi n xzg.kdhrkjh[ k Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku esami jk"Vi fr }kjk l Ei kfnr fd, t kus
l sfjDr dj fn; k gS A okysdk; ZdksnksoxksZ aesafoHkkft r fd; k x; k gSAjk"Vi fr
mijk"Vi fr dsoy v LFkk; h: i l sghjk"Vi fr i n dkskkj.k dsR;kxi =k v Fkok v i nLFkrk dsdkj.k i n&fjfDr dh
djrk gS A; g v of/ v f/ dre 6 ekg gS ] ft l dsv UrxZ r fLFkfr esami jk"Vi fr] dk; Z okgd jk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; Z
u; sjk"Vi fr dk pq uko gkst kuk pkfg, A djrk gSrFkk ; fn v uq i fLFkfr] v LoLFkrk v Fkok fdl h
v U; dkj.ko' kjk"Vi fr vi usdkZ O;ksadsfuoZgu esav l eFkZ
mi jk"Vi fr dsi q ufuokZpu i j dksbZi zfrcU/ ughagS ] ysfdu gksrksmi jk"Vi fr LFkkuki Uu jk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; Zdjrk
MkW- l oZ i Yyh jk/ k".ku , oaeksgEen gkfen v a l kjh ds gSA
v frfjDr v U; dksbZO;fDr mi jk"Vi fr i n i j i q ufuokZfpr mijk"Vi fr jkT; l Hkkdki nsu l Hkki fr gksrkgS Aog jkT; l Hkk
ughagq v kA dh cS Bdksadh v ; {krk djrk gSrFkk ml dh l eLr
mi jk"Vi fr dksv i uki n xzg.kdjusl si w oZjk"Vi fr v Fkok dk; Zokfg; ksadk l a pkyu djrk gS A
ml ds}kjkfu; q Dr fdl hO;fDr dsl e{k' ki Fkysuhi M+ r h mi jk"Vi fr ds: i esal a fo/ ku esamUgsadksbZdk; Zughal kSis
a
gSA x, gS A
a
og jkT; l Hkk es av kpj.k dsfu; eksadk i kyu djokrk gS A
mi jk"Vi fr pw fd jkT; l Hkk dkl nL; ughagksrk gS
a _ v r, o
fdl hi z ' u i j jkT; l Hkkesaer foHkkt u gksusdhfLFkfr esa
ml sernku dkv f/ dkj ughagS ] fdUrql Hkki fr ds: i esa
og erksadhfxurhdjrkgSrFkki fj.kke dh?kks"k.kkdjrk
fu.kkZ ; d er nsusdk v f/ dkj i zkIr gS A
gSA
mi jk"Vi fr dkosru jkT; l Hkkdsl Hkki fr ds: i esa 1- jkT; l Hkk esa; fn fdl h Hkh i zLrko v Fkok i z'u i j fookn
25 yk[ k #i ; sekfl d gS A mB t k, fd ml sfopkjkFkZLohdkj fd; k t k, v Fkok ugha
ft l dkykof/ esami jk"Vi fr jk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; Z rksbl dk fui Vkjk mi jk"Vi fr v i usfu.kZ ; l sdjrk gS A
djrk gSml sjk"Vi fr dh gh ' kfDr; ka ] mUeq fDr; kav kS j l kekU;r; k og l nu dsfdl h i zLrko v Fkok fo/ s;d i j
fo' ks"kkf/ dkj i zkIr gksrsgS
A
a ernku ughadjrkfdUrqnksuksai {kksadkscjkcj er i zkIr gksus
dh fLFkfr esaog fu.kkZ ; d ernku djrk gS A
j k"Vi fr , oami j k"Vi fr %, d r q
y uk
j k"Vi fr mi j k"Vi fr
1- jk"Vi fr dsfuokZpu gsrqfuokZ pd ea My dk fuekZ .k 1- fuokZ pu gsrqfuokZ pd ea My dk fuekZ .kl al n ds
lal n dsnksuksal nuksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; kasrFkk nksuksal nuksadsl Hkh l nL; ksa( fuokZ fpr$euksuhr)
fo/ kul Hkkv ksadsfuokZfpr l nL; ksa}kjk gkrsk gS
A }kjk gksrk gS A( fuokZ
pd ea My esafo/ ku l Hkkv ksads
l nL; ' kkfey ughagksrsgS )
a
2- yksd l Hkk dk l nL; fuokZ fpr gksusdh ; kX s; rk / kj.k 2- jkT; l Hkk dk l nL; fuokZ fpr gksusdh; ksX; rk / kj.k
djukpkfg, A djukpkfg, A
3- R;kxi =k mi jk"Vi fr dsuke l a cksf/ r gksrk gSA 3- R;kxi =k jk"Vi fr dsuke l a cksf/ r gksrk gS A
4- egkfHk; ksx dh i zf; k }kjk i nP; qr fd; k t k l drk gS A 4- jkT; l Hkk }kjk cgqer l si kfjr , slsl a d Yi }kjk
i nP; qr fd; k t k l drk gSft l l syksd l Hkk l ger
gksA
5- la ?k dh dk; Z
i kfydk ' kfDr ml esafufgr gSrFkk ml dk 5- mi jk"Vi fr ds: i esal a fo/ ku esadksbZdk; Zof.kZ r
i z;ksx og dsa
nzh; ea
f=ki fj"kn~dsi jke' kZ, oal gk; rk l s ughagS Aog jkT; l Hkk dsi nsu l Hkki fr ds: i esa
djrk gS A dk; Zdjrk gS Ajk"Vi fr dh v uq i fLFkfr v Fkok i n
fjfDr dhfLFkfr esaog jk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; Zdjrk
gSA

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
t c dHkh fdl h l nL; }kjk l nu esadk; ZLFkxu i zLrko pkS / jh pj.k fl a g , d ek=k , slsi z/kuea =kh gS ] t ksdHkh
a
i s'k fd; k t krk gSrksog fu.kZ ; nsrk gSfd ml sfopkjkFkZ yksd l Hkk esami fLFkr ughagq , FksA
Lohdkj fd; k t k, v Fkok ugha A v fo' okl i zLrko }kjk gVk; st kusokysi z/kuea =kh oh- i h-
mi jk"Vi fr dHkh&dHkh dsUnzh; fo' ofo| ky; ka sdspka l yj fl ag ( 1990) , oav Vy fcgkjh okt i s;h ( 1999) FksA
ds: i esaHkh dk; Zdjrk gS A yksd l Hkk pq uko esa, dek=k i jkft r i z/kuea =kh mEehnokj
t c mi jk"Vi fr jk"Vi fr ds: i esadk; Zdjrk gSv Fkok Jherh bfUnjk xka / h ( 1977) Fkha A
jk"Vi fr dsdkZ O;ksadk fuoZ gu djrk gS ] rc og jk"Vi fr
i h- oh- ujfl a gjko ( 1991) , oa, p- Mh- nsoxkS M+
k( 1996)
dhl eLr ' kfDr; ksadk i z;ksx djrk gSrFkk ml l e; og
i z/kuea =kh dk i n xzg.k djrsl e; fdl h Hkh l nu ds
jkT; l Hkk dsl Hkki fr ds: i esadk; Zughadj l drkA
l nL; ughaFksA
17- i z/ kuea =kh
, slsi z/kuea =kh t ksi n xzg.k dsl e; jkT; l Hkk dsl nL;
v uq PNsn 75 dsrgr~i z/kuea =kh dh fu; q fDr jk"Vi fr }kjk Fks& Jherhba fnjkxka / h(1996) bUnzd q ekj xq t jky ( 1997)
gksxhrFkkv U; ea f=k; ksadhfu; q fDr i z/kuea =khdsi jke' kZl s , oaeueksgu fl a g ( 2004 v kS j 2009) A
jk"Vi fr }kjk dht k; sxhA
t okgjyky usg: ] ykycgknq j ' kkL=khv kS j ba fnjkxka / hrhuksa
O;ogkj esajk"Vi fr yksd l Hkk esacgq er ny ; k l cl scM+ s
, slsi z/kuea =kh gS ] ft udh eR;qdk; Z
a d ky esagq bZFkhA
ny ; k l cl scM+ sxBcU/ u dsusrk] t ksmudh ut j esa
cgq er fl dj l dsxk] dksi z/kuea =kh fu; qDr djrk gS A t okgjyky usg: ] ba fnjk xka / h] v Vy fcgkjh okt i s;h ds
ckn eueksgu fl a g pkS Fksi z/kuea =khgS ] t ksnw
a l jhckj bl i j
i n xzg.k djusl si w oZi z/kuea =kh l fgr i zR;sd ea =kh dks
v kl hu gq , gS A
a
jk"Vi fr dsl keusi n v kS j xksiuh; rk dh ' ki Fk ysuhgksrh
gSA i z/ kuea =kh d s' kfDr ; k , oad k; Z
ea f=ki fj"kn~yksd l Hkkdsi zfr mkjnk; hgksrkgS A; fn yksd l Hkk i z/kuea =kh}kjkea f=k; ksadhfu; q fDr , oai nP; q fr dhv uq ' ka
lk
v fo' okl O;Dr dj nsrhgS ] rksea f=ki fj"kn i nR;kx djusds jk"Vi fr dksdh t krh gS A
fy, ck; gksrh gS A yksd l Hkkesacgq er ny dsusrkgksusdsdkj.kog yksd l Hkk
; fn yksd l Hkk fdl h , d ea =kh dsfo# v fo' okl dk esa' kkl u dhi zeq [ k uhfr; ksa, oadk; ksdh?kks"k.kk djrk gS
i zLrko i kfjr djsv Fkok ml foHkkx l sl Eca f/ r foks;d rFkkyksd l Hkkdsl nL; ksa}kjkxa Hkhj fo"k; ksal sl a
caf/ r i wNs
dksj dj nsrhgSrksl eLr ea f=ke.My dksR;kx&i =knsuk x, i z'uksadsmkj nsrk gS A
gksrkgS A ns'kdhfokO ; oLFkk, oaokf"kZ d ct Vfu/ kZ fjr djusesaHkh
i z/kuea =kh dh Hkw fedk gksrh gS A
i z/kuea =khea f=ke.My dki z/ku gksrkgSv kS j ml dheR;q; k
R;kxi =k l sefU=ke.My dk fo?kVu gkst krk gS( v uq PNsn ' kkl dh; fo/ s;dksadksi z/kuea =kh dh l ykg dsv uq l kj
74( 1) ) A rS; kj fd; k t krk gS A
v i usny esavuq ' kkl u , oa, drkdk; e j[ kusrFkkny dh
v uq PNsn 78 dsv uq l kj i z/kuea =khns'kdhokLrfod fLFkfr
uhfr; ksadksf; kfUor djkusgsrqi z/kuea =kh nyh; l psrd
l sjk"Vi fr dksv oxr djkrk gS A
dsek; e l sv kns'k t kjh djrk gS A
i z/kuea =kh ea f=ke.My dh cS Bd dh v ; {krk djrk gS A
og fdl h Hkh l e; yksd l Hkk dsfo?kVu dh v uq ' kalk
ns'kdsi zFke i z/kuea =kht okgjyky usg: , oai zFke efgyk jk"Vi fr l sdj l drk gS A
i z/kuea =kh bfanjk xka / h FkhaA ml ds}kjk ea f=k; ksadschp ea =kky; ksadk v koa Vu rFkk i q u%
i zFke xS j dkxazslhi z/kuea =khJheksjkjt hnslkbZ( 1977) FksA i fjorZ u fd; k t krk gS A
l cl syEcsdk; Z d ky okysi z/kuea =khi a- t okgjyky usg: i z/kuea =khea f=ki fj"kn~dhcS Bdksadhv ; {krkdjrkgSrFkk
( 1947&64) FksA ml dsfu.kZ ; ksadksi zHkkfor djrk gS A
l cl sde dk; Z d ky okysi z/kuea =khv Vy fcgkjhokt i s;h la fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 78 dsv uq l kj og i z'kkl u rFkkfo/ ku
( ek=k 13 fnu) FksA la ca/ h l Hkh fu.kZ ; ksadh l w puk jk"Vi fr dksnsrk gS A

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
i /z kuea
=kh d k; kZ y; va r xZr dS fcusV l fpoky; dksv koa fVr fo"k; gS A&( 1)
a
iz / kuea =kh dks' kkl u dk; ksesaLVkW d dk; Zi n zku djusds ea f=keaMy v kS j ea f=kea My l fefr; ksadksl fpoky; l gk; rk
fy, i z/kuea =kh dk; kZ y ; dh LFkki uk dh xbZt ksv kxs rFkk ( 2) dk; Z fu; eA
pydj i z/kuea =khl fpoky; esai fj.kr gksx; kAi z/kuea =kh ea f=keaMy l fpoky; dsv / hu &( 1) ea f=keaMyh; ekeyksa
dk; kZ y ; dks l a f{kIr , oaO;kogkfjd : i esai h, ev ks l sl a ca/ foHkkx ( 2) l a fooxZfoHkkx ( 3) l ka f[ ; dh
(Prime Minister Office) dsuke l sv fHkfgr fd; kt krk foHkkx ( 4) bysDVkW fud foHkkx gksrsgS A
a
gSA dS fcusV l fpoky; ] Hkkjr l jdkj ( dk; Zfu"Ikknu) fu; e]
Hkkjr es ai z/kuea=khdk; kZ y ; dhLFkki uk15 v xLr] 1947 1961 v kS j Hkkjr l jdkj ( dk; Zv koa Vu) fu; e] 1961 ds
dksHkkjr dsLora =krk dsl kFk gh dh xbZFkhA dsa nzh; i z'kkl u dsfy, mkjknk; hgksrk gS A
l fpoky; l a xBuksaesai z/kuea =kh dk; kZy ; ( l fpoky; ) mi jksDr fu; eksadk i kyu djrsgq , dS fcusV l fpoky;
l cl sNksVk gS APMO dk ' kh"kZ LFk v f/ dkjh eq [ ; l fpo l jdkj dsea =kky; esal q pk: : i l sdk; Zl a pkyu dh
dgykrkgS A lq fo/ k i znku djrk gS AfofHkUu ea =kky; ksadschp l eUo;
i /z kuea
=kh d k; kZ y ; d sd k; Z LFkkfi r djrsgq , v kS j ea =kky; ksadschp erHksn nw j djrsgq ,
iz / kuea =khdseq [ ; dk; Z i kyd ds: i esal Hkhmkjnkf; Roksa ; g l jdkj dksfu.kZ ; yssusesaenn djrk gS A
dsfuoZ gu esal gk; rk djukA l fpoky; ekfl d l kj ys[kksarFkk l a f{kIr fVIi f.k; ksa}kjk
iz / kuea =kh dsdsa nzh; ea =kky; ksav kS
j jkT; l jdkjksal sl a i oZQ jk"Vi fr] mi jk"Vi fr] i z/kuea =kh , oaea f=k; ksadksfofHkUu
, oafofHkUu mkjnkf; Ro l a ca
/ h f; kdyki ksadksfuHkkusesa ea =kky; ksadh xfrfof/ ; ksal si fjfpr djokrk gS A
l gk; rkdjukA oS QfcusV l fpoky; l a l n esaO;oLFkki u i zLrko dk i zk: i ]
iz / kuea =khdks; kst ukv k; ksx dsv ; {kds: Ikesamkjnkf; Ro jk"Vi fr dsl a l n esafn, t kusokysv fHkHkk"k.k v kS j la ns'kksa
dsfuoZ gu esal gk; rk djukA dksrS ; kj djrk gS A
iz / kuea =khdk; kZ y ; dhrji Ql st ul a i oZ
Q( i zsl rFkkt urk ; g jkT; ; kl a ?kh; Lrj i j i z'kkl fud foya c ; kdfBukb; ksa
l s) LFkkfi r djukA dksnw j djusl a ca/ hl q >ko nsrk gS, oal koZ t fud t ka p
mu l Hkh l n aHkksesa] ft udk l a ca
/ i z/kuea =kh ds l kFk l fefr; ksadh fu; q fDr rFkk , slh l fefr; ksadsi zfrosnuksai j
dk; Z &O;ki kj dsfu; eksadsv a r xZr v krkgS, oai z/kuea =khds fopkj Hkh djrk gS A
i kl gS ] dksns[kukA mi i z/ kuea =kh& Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku esami i z/kuea =kh dh dksbZ
iz / kuea =khdksHkst sx, ekeyksadsi jh{k.k esal gk; rk nsukA O;oLFkk ughagS A bl dsckot w n dbZmi &i z/kuea f=k; ksadh
mi ; Z D
qr dk; ksdsv frfjDr Hkw oaQi ] ck<+v kfn l a d Vksads fu; q fDr gq bZ] ; sgS a
& l jnkj i Vsy ] eksjkjt hnslkbZ ] t xt houjke]
l e; i z/kuea =kh dks"k l sjkT; ksa @O;fDr; ksadkst ksl gk; rk pkS / jh pj.k fl a g] okbZ - oh- pOgk.k] pkS kjh nsohyky ( nks
i gq pkbZt krh gSrFkk v U; i zd kj dsenksadk ys[kk&t ks[kk ckj) ] , oayky".k v kMok.khA
j[ kukA la ?kh; ea f=ki fj "kn&ea f=ki fj"kn rhu Lrjh; gksrkgS & dS fcusV
oS QfcusV l fpoky ; ea =kh] jkT; ea =kh] , oami ea =khA
oS Q fcusV l fpoky; l h/ si z/kuea =khdsv / hu gksrk gS A; g dS fcusV ea =khv i usfoHkkx dk i zeq [ kgksrkgSrFkkjkT; ea =kh
dsanzh; i z'kkl u dh / q j h gSA , oami ea =kh ml dsl gk; d gksrsgS Aea
a f=ke.My dk xBu
ea f=kea My l fpo dS fcusV l fpoky; dk i z'kkl fud i zeq [k dS fcusV Lrj dsea f=k; ksal sgksrk gS A
gksrkgS A ea f=k; ksad h l a [ ; k& 91okal a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u ( 2004) ds
oS Q fcusV l fpo fl foy l sokcksMZdki nsu v ; {kgksrkgS A v uq l kj eaf=ki fj"kn dhv f/ dre l a [ ; kyksd l Hkkdsdq y
og ofj"Bre yksd l sod gksusdsukrsHkkjrh; i z'kkl fud l hVksads15 l sv f/ d ughagksl drh gS A
l sok dk ofj"Bre l nL; gksrk gS A
la ?kea =kky; esav usd foHkkx gS A15 v xLr 1947 dksl a
a ?k
Hkkjr l jdkj ds( dk; Zv koa Vu) fu; e] 1961 esadS fcusV
esaea =kky; ksadksl a [ ; k 18 Fkh] t ksorZ eku esac<+ d j 57 gks
l fpoky; dk LFkku fu; eksadh i gyh l w ph esagS Abl ds
xbZgS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
18- l a
ln jkT; l Hkk / u , oafok fo/ s;d dksv Lohdkj ughadj
v uq
PNsn 79 ds v uq l kj l nu jk"Vi fr] jkT; l Hkk , oa l drhgSv kS j u ghl a ' kks/u dj l drhgS Afl i Z
Ql q
>ko ns
yksd l Hkk l sfeydj curk gSA l drh gS Al q>ko ekuuk ; k u ekuuk yksd l Hkk i j fuHkZ j
djrk gS A/ u fo/ s;d dksjkT; l Hkk esaHkst usdsckn 14
la
l n dsmPp l nu dksjkT; l Hkk , oafuEu l nu dks
fnu dsv Unj u ykS VkusdhfLFkfr esaHkhi kfjr ekuk t krk
yksd l Hkk dgrsgS
A
a
gSA
j kT; l Hkk& bl dkxBu 3 v i zS y 1952 dksfd; kx; k, oa v uq PNsn 249 dsv uq l kj dsoy jkT; l Hkkl nu esami fLFkr
bl dh i zFke cS Bd 13 ebZ ] 1952 dks gq bZ
A jkT; l Hkk , oaernku djusokysdq y l nL; dsnksfrgkbZer }kjk
ea f=ki fj"kn dsi zfr mkjnk; h ughagksrk gS
A jkT; l wphdsfdl hfo"k; dksjk"Vh; fgr dkfo"k; ?kksf"kr
v uqPNsn 80 dsv uq l kj jkT; l Hkkdsl nL; ksadhv fkdre dj l drk gS AjkT; l Hkk v c rd bl v fkdkj dk i z;ksx
la[ ; k 250 gS ] ft l esa233 dk pq uko jkT; ksal sv kS
j 12 1952 , oa1986 esanksckj fd; k gS A
jk"Vi fr }kjk euksuhfr fd; st krsgS A
a v uq PNsn 312 dsv uq l kj jkT; l Hkkmi fLFkr ; kernku djus
okysl nL; ksadsnksfrgkbZcgq er }kjkv f[ ky Hkkjrh; l sok
bu l nL; ksadkpq uko , dy l a e.kh; er rFkkv kuq i kfrd
l t u dj l drk gS A
i zfrfuf/ Ro dhi fr dsv uq l kj l a
?k
dsfofHkUu jkT; ksadh fo/ ku l Hkkv ksa y ksd l Hkk , oaj kT; l Hkk esai zfr fuf/ Ro
dsfuokZ fpr l nL; ksa}kjk fd; k t krk j kT; y ksd l Hkk j kT; l Hkk j kT; y ksd l Hkk j kT; l Hkk
gSA
v ka
/ zi zns'k 25 11 gfj; k.kk 10 5
jkT; l Hkkdsl nL; dsfy, t : jhgS
fd ml dk uke ml jkT; dsfdl h v l kse 14 7 ukxkyS
.M 1 1
fuokZ pu {ks=k dh l w ph l sgks] ft l fcgkj 40 16 es?kky; 2 1
jkT; l sog jkT; l Hkkdkpq uko yM+ uk
xq
t jkr 26 11 ef.ki q
j 2 1
pkgrkgS ] fdUrquohure l a ' kks/u ds
}kjk ; g v fuok; Z r k l ekIr dj nh t Eew &d' ehj 6 4 f=ki q
jk 2 1
x; hgS A
dsjy 20 9 fl fDde 1 1
jkT; l Hkk , d LFkk; h l nu gS ] t ks
e; i zns'k 29 11 v #.kkpy i zns'k 2 1
dHkhHkxa ughagksrkAbudsl nL; ksadk
dk; Z d ky 6 o"kZgS] fdUrqbl ds, d egkjk"V 48 19 xksok 2 1
frgkbZl nL; i zfr nkso"kZckn l sokfuok
dukZ Vd 28 12 fet ksje 1 1
gkst krsgS A
a
v ksfMl k 21 10 Nkhl x<+ 11 5
jkT; l Hkkdhl nL; rkdsfy, U;w ure
mezl hek 30 o"kZgS A ia
t kc 13 7 mkjk[ k.M 5 3
Hkkjr dk mi jk"Vi fr jkT; l Hkk dk jkt LFkku 25 10 >kj[ ka
M 14 6
i nsu l Hkki fr gksrk gS
A
rfeyukMq 39 18 rsy a
xkuk 17 7
jk"Vi fr o"kZesade l sde nksckj
r djrk mkj i zns'k
jkT; l Hkk dk v fkos'ku v kgq 80 31 la
?kh; {ks=k
gSA jkT; l Hkk dh v a fre cSBd v kS
j fgekpy 4 3 fnYyh 7 3
v xysl =k dh i zFke cS Bd esaN%
ekg l sv f/ d dk v Urj ughagksuk i f' pe ca
xky 42 16 i kf.Mpsjh 1 1
pkfg, A dq
y 543 233

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
oSl sjkT; ft udkjkT; l Hkkesai zfrfuf/ Ro ughagS & p.Mhx<+ ] oS l sjkT; ft udk i fjl heu ughagksl dk&v l e] ef.ki q j]
vM aeku&fudksckj] neu o nho] nknjk&uxj gosy h , oa v #.kkpy i zns'k] ukxkyS M , oa>kj[ ka
a MA i w oksZ
kj dspkjksa
y{k}hi gS A jkT; ksaesaLFkkuh; fojks/ , oav nkyrksdsLFkxu v kns'k ds
y ksd l Hkk& i zFke yksd l Hkk dk xBu 17 v i S yz 1952 dks dkj.k i fjl heu ughagksl dk] t cfd >kj[ ka M esal jdkjh
gqv kFkkv kjSbl dhi gyhcS Bd 13 ebZ1952 dksgq bZFkhA uhfr dsfoi jhr v kjf{kr l hVsade gksusdsdkj.k ; g
ewy la fo/ ku esayksd l Hkk dh l nL; l a [ ; k 500 fukkZ fjr i fjl heu i w j k ughagksl dkA
dhx; hFkh] i ja r q31osal a ' kks/u ( 1974) }kjkbl dhl a [;k yks d l Hkkdkvf/ dre dk; Z d ky 5 o"kZdkgksrkgS ] fdUrq
c<+ d j 547 v kS j xksok&neu v kS j nho i quxZ Bu v f/ fu; e i z/kuea =kh dh l ykg l sjk"Vi fr dk; Z d ky dse; esaHkh
1987 }kjk bl dh l a [ ; k c<+ kdj 552 dj nh x; hAbuesa la l n Hkax dj l drkgS A, slh?kVukv c rd v kB ckj gks
530 dk fuokZ pu jkT; {ks=k l s] 20 dk fuokp Zu l a ?k jkT; pq d h gS & 1970] 1977] 1979] 1984] 1989] 1991]
{ks=kl sv kS j nksdkjk"Vi fr }kjkeuksu; u gksrkFkkAorZ eku 1997 rFkk v i zS y 1999A
esayksd l Hkk dh l nL; l a [ ; k 545 gS Abuesa530 l nL; ksa
v ki krdky dh ?kks "k.kk ykxwgksus i j l a l n fof/ }kjk
dkfuokZ pu jkT; {ks=kksal s] 13 l nL; ksadkfuokZ pu l a ?kjkT;
yksd l Hkk dsdk; Z d ky nksckj , d&, d o"kZdsfy, c<+ k
{ks=k l sv kS j 2 l nL; ksadk euksu; u jk"Vi fr }kjk gksrk gS A
l drkgS ] fda r qv ki kr dky dhl ekfIr dsckn yksd l Hkk
84okal fao/ ku l a ' kks/u v fkfu; e 2001 dsv uq l kj 2026
dk dk; Z d ky 6 ekg l sv f/ d ughac<+ k; k t k l drkA
rd yksd l Hkk , oafo/ ku l Hkkv ksadh l hVka sdh l a [;k
; Fkkor jgsxhA dS fcusV eaf=k; ksaesal cl scM+ kdk; Zd ky t xt hou jke ( 32
yksd l Hkkl nL; ksadkpq uko o; Ld (18 o"kZ ] 61osal a fokku o"kZ ) dk jgk gS A
la' kks/u) ernkrk }kjk xq Ir fof/ l sgksrk gS A yks d l Hkk , oajkT; l Hkk dh x.ki w frZ( dksje) dq y l nL;
yksd l Hkk , oafo/ ku l Hkkv ksaesal hVksadsv kca Vu , oa{ks=kksa la [ ; k dk 10okaHkkx gksrh gS A
dh l hek dsfu/ kZ j .k dsfy, i fjl heu v k; ksx dk xBu y ksd l Hkk d sl nL; ksad sfy , v fuok; Z; ksX; r k,
fd; k t krk gS A v c rd pkj i fjl heu v k; kxs dk xBu og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksv kS j 25 o"kZdh v k; qi w j h dj
fd; kt k pq d kgSAi gyk 1952] nw l jk1962] rhl jk1973 pq d kgksA
, oapkS Fkk 2002 ( v ; {k U;k; ew frZdqy nhi fl a g) A
og i kxy ; k fnokfy; k ?kks f"kr u gksA
yksd l Hkk esal kekU;@ v ke fuokZ pu {ks=kksadh l a [ ; k 410]
v uq lw fpr t kfr gsrqv kjf{kr fuokZ pu {ks=kksadh l a [ ; k 85 og Hkkjr l jdkj ; k fdl h jkT; l jdkj dsv / hu dks bZ
v kSj v uq lw
fpr t ut kfr dsfy, v kjf{kr fuokZ pu {ks=kksadh ykHk dk i n u / kj.k djrk gksA
la[ ; k 48 gS A y ksd l Hkk d si nkf/ d kj h
pkS Fkki fjl heu 2001 dht ux.kukdsv k/ kj i j fd; kx; k v LFkk; h ( i z ksVse) v ; {k& v ke pq uko dsi ' pkr~t c
gSAft l dhea tw
j hdsUnzh; ea f=kea
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lafo/ ku esai fjl heu v k; ksx dsl a ca/ esadksbZLi "V funsZ 'k v LFkk; h v ; {k fu; q Dr djrk gS ] ft l l sfd u; sl nL;
ughafn; k x; k gS A v uq PNsn 82 esai zR;sd t ux.kuk dh ' ki Fk v kfn ysl dsav kS j v i uk v ; {k pq u l dsa A
l ekfIr i j yksd l Hkk, oajkT; dsfuokZ pu {ks=kkasdsfoHkkt u v uq PNsn 93 dsv uq l kj yksd l HkkLo; aghv i usl nL; ksaesa
, oai u q%l ek; kst u dk dk; Zl a l n }kjk fofgr v f/ dkjh l s, d v ; {k v kS j , d mi k; {k dk fuokZ pu djrh gS ]
}kjk fd; st kusdk i zko/ ku gS AfdUrqrrh; i fjl heu ds ft l dkdk; Z d ky yksd l Hkkdst hou i ; Z Ur gksrkgS AfdUrq
ckn ; g v fu; fer gksx; k] dkj.k 42osal a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u bl l si w oZHkh osfuEu fof/ }kjk i n l sgV l drsgS &
a
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yxkfn; k x; kA nsd jA
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l Hkh jkT; o dsUnz'kkfl r i zns'kksadsfuokZ pu v k; q Dr bl 2- yksd l HkkdsrRdkyhu mi fLFkr l nL; ksadscgq er l si kfjr
v k; ksx dsl nL; gS A
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, slsl a
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de mUgsa14 fnu i w oZnsuhgksxhA; g i zLrko i gyhckj 18 i zFke mi k; {k v ua r ' k; ue v ; ; ~ xj FksA
a
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ekoya d j dsfo# yk; kx; kFkk] fdUrqog i kfjr ughagks i z'u dk v fUre fofu' p; pq uko v k; ksx dh l ykg l s
l dk FkkA jk"Vi fr djrsgS A
a
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a
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v kSj mi k; {k dh v uqi fLFkfr esajk"Vi fr }kjk 6 ofj"B la l n l nL; ksadksl a l n dh cS Bd dsi w oZ; k ckn 40 fnu
l nL; ksadsi uSy esal sdksbZ, d O;fDr djrk gS A dh v of/ dsnkS j ku fxjrkjh l seq fDr i znku dh x; h gS a
ehjk dq
ekj i gyh efgyk yksd l Hkk v ; {k gS
A
a fxjrkjh l s ; g eq fDr dsoy fl foy ekeyksa esa gS A
v ki jkf/ d ekeyksa; k fuokjd fujks/ fof/ ds v khu
y ksd l Hkk v ; {k d k d k; Z, oa' kfDr ; ka
fxjrkj l sNw V ughagS A
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fu; eksadk fuoZ
gu djusdh v afre ' kfDr v ; {k dksgSA , oafo/ kul Hkkv ksadhe; kZ nkcuk; sj[ kusrFkk bu l nuksaesa
2- ml sfofHkUu fo/ s;d o i zLrko i j ernku djokuk o v uq ' kkl ughurk dksjksd usdsms'; l s, d v kpkj l a fgrk
i fj.kke ?kksf"kr djuk rFkk erksadh l ekurk dh fLFkfr esa dk fuekZ . k fd; k x; kA
fu.kkZ
; d er nsusdk v f/ dkj gS A la ;qDr v f/ os'ku& v uq PNsn 108 esal a l n ds l a ;qDr
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v ; {k dksgS A yksd l Hkk dsv ; {k djrsgS Al a
a ;q
Dr v f/ os'ku jk"Vi fr
}kjk fuEu i fjfLFkfr; ksaesacq y k; k t k l drk gS & ( 1)
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fo/ s;d , d l nu l si kfjr gksusdsckn ; fn nw l jk l nu
ml h i j gksrk gS
A
v Lohdkj dj nsA( 2) fo/ s;d i j fd, t kusokysl a ' kks/
5- og l nu dsl nL; ksadsv f/ dkjksadk l a j {kd gksrk gS
A u dsckjsesanksuksal nu v fUre : i l sv l ger gksa A( 3)
6- l nu dsl nL; ksadsi z'uksadksLohdkj djuk] ml sfu; fer , d l nu l si kfjr fo/ s;d dks; fn nw l jkl nu 6 ekg l s
djuko fu; e dsfo: ?kksf"kr djukv ; {kdkdk; ZgS A v f/ d fnuksard jksd ysA
7- dksbZfo/ s;d / u fo/ s;d gS; k ugha ] bl i j v ; {k dk / u fo/ s ; d v kS j la fo/ ku l a ' kks/u fo/ s;d i j l a ;qDr
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l drhA fo/ s;d i j xfrjks/ mRiUu gksus dh fLFkfr ea sl a;qDr
8- yksd l Hkk, oajk"Vi fr dschp l Ei dZl w =kds: i esadk; Z v fkos'ku cq y k; k t k l drk gS A
djrk gS A v c rd rhu ckj l a ;qDr v f/ os'ku cq y k; kx; k gSA; sgS &
a
9- og fons'kt kusokysl a l nh; f' k"VeaMy dsfy, l nL; ksadk ngst i zfrca / fo/ s;d 1959] cS fda
a x l sok v k; ksx 1977
euksu; u djrk gS A rFkk v kra d okn fuokjd v ; kns'k ( i ksVk) 2002A
lal nh; l fefr ; k
yksd l Hkk v ; {k dk osru l a fpr fuf/ l sfeyrk gS
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la l n dsdk; ksesafofo/ rkrksgS ] l kFkghml dsi kl dke
a
yksd l Hkk esafoi {k dsusrk dksdS fcusV Lrj dsea
=kh ds dh v f/ drk Hkh jgrh gS Apw fd ml dsi kl l e; cgq
a r l hfer
l eku l Hkh l qfo/ k, ai zkIr gksrh gS
A
a gksrkgS
] bl hfy, ml dsl e{ki zLrq r l Hkhfo/ k; h; kv U; ekeyksa

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
i j xgu fopkj ughagksl drk gS A v r%bl dk cgq r &l k dk; Z t k l dsa Abl i zd kj l sbu l fefr; ksadhl a [ ; k 24 gksxbZgS Abu
a
l fefr; ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS Al a l n dsnksuksal nuksadh l fefr; ksa l fefr; ksads fuEufyf[ kr dk; ZgS %
a& ( d) Hkkjr l jdkj ds
dh l a j puk dq N v i oknksadksNksM+ dj , d t S l h gksrh gSA bu fofHkUu ea =kky; ksa
@foHkkxksadsv uq nkuksadheka x i j fopkj djukv kS j
l fefr; ksaesafu; q fDr] dk; Z d ky] dk; Z, oadk; Zl a pkyu dh ml dsckjsesal nu dksl w fpr djuk_ ( [ k) yksd l Hkk dsv ; {k
i fz; kdq y feykdj djhc , d t S l hghgSv kS j ;gl a fo/ ku ds ; k jkT; l Hkk ds l Hkki fr }kjk l fefr ds i kl Hkst s x, , sls
v uq PNsn 118( 1) dsv a r xZ
r nksuksal nuksa}kjk fufeZ r fu; eksads foks;dksadht ka p i M+ r ky djuk] v kS j tS l kHkhekeykgks] ml ds
rgr v f/ fu; fer gksrh gS Al kekU;r%; sl fefr; k nksi zd kj dh ckjsesafji ksVZrS ; kj djuk_ ( x) ea =kky; ksav kSj foHkkxksadhokf"kZ d
gkrsh gS &LFkk; h v kjSrnFkZl fefr; kALFkk; h l fefr; k i zfro"kZ; k fji ksVksi j fopkj djukrFkkml dhfji ksVZrS ; kj djuk_ v kS j ( ?k)
l e; &l e; i j fuokZ fpr ; kfu; q Dr dht krhgSv kjSbudkdk; Z l nu esai zLrq r uhfr l a ca/ h nLrkost ] ; fn yksd l Hkk dsv ; {k
dekscs'kfuja r j pyrkjgrkgS ArnFkZl fefr; ksadhfu; q fDr t : jr jkT; l Hkk}kjkl fefr dsi kl Hkst sx, gS a
] mu i j fopkj djukv kS j
i M+ usi j dh t krh gSrFkk v i uk dke i w j k dj ysusv kS j v i uh tS l k Hkh gks] ml dsckjsesafji ksVZrS ; kj djukA
fji ksVZi s'k dj nsusdsckn osl ekIr gkst krh gS A i zR;sd l nu esav U; LFkk; h l fefr; k] muds dk; Zds
LFkk; h l fefr ; k%yksd l Hkk dh LFkk; h l fefr; ksaesarhu v uq l kj bl i zd kj foHkkft r gS & ( 1) t ka
a p l fefr ; k&( d)
fokh; ] ; kuh yksd ys[kk l fefr] i zkDdyu l fefr rFkk l jdkjh ; kfpdk l fefr%fo/ s;dksav kS j t ufgr l a ca/ h ekeyksai j i zLrq r
mi e l fefr dk fof' k"V LFkku gSv kS j ; sl jdkjh [ kpZv kS j ; kfpdkvksadht ka p djrhgSv kS j dsanzh; fo"k; ksai j i zkIr i zfrosnuksa
fu"i knu i j yxkrkj ut j j[ krh gS A yksd ys[kk l fefr rFkk
a i j fopkj djrh gS _ v kS j ( [ k) fo' ks"kkf/ dkj l fefr%l nu ; k
l jdkjhmi e l fefr esajkT; l Hkkdsl nL; HkhgkrssgS ] ysfdu
a v ; {k@ l Hkki fr }kjk Hkst sx, fo' ks"kkf/ dkj dsfdl h ekeysdh
i kzDdyu l fefr dsl Hkh l nL; yksd l Hkk l sgksrsgS A
a t kap djrhgS _ ( 2) l eh{kk l fefr ; k& ( d) l jdkjhv k' okl uksa
i zkDd y u l fefr %; g crkrh gSfd i zkDdyuksaesafufgr l sl a ca / hl fefr %ea f=k; ksa}kjkl nu esafn, x, v k' okl uksa ] oknksa
uhfr dsv uq : i D; k ferO;rk cjrh t k l drh gSrFkk l a xBu] , oal a d Yi ksai j mudsdk; kZ fUor gksusrd ut j j[ krh gS _ ( [ k)
dk; Z oqQ' kyrk v kS j i z'kkl u esaD; k&D; k l q / kj fd, t k l drsgS A
a v / huLFk fof/ fuekZ . k l fefr%bl ckr dh t ka p djrh gSfd
; g bl ckr dh Hkh t ka p djrh gSfd / u i zkDdyuksaesafufgr D; k l a fo/ ku }kjk i znk fofu; eksa ] fu; eksa] mi &fu; eksarFkk i znk
uhfr dsv uq : i gh O;; fd; k x; k gS; k ugha Al fefr bl ckjs ' kfDr; ksadki zkf/ dkfj; ksa}kjkmfpr mi ; ksx fd; kt kjgkgS _( x)
esaHkht ka p djrhgSfd / u i zkDdyuksaesafufgr uhfr dsv uq :i i Vy i j j[ ksx, i =kksal a ca/ h%oS / kfud v f/ l w pukv kasv kS j v kns'kka s
ghO;; fd; k x; k gS; k ugha Al fefr bl ckjsesaHkhl q >ko nsrh dsv ykok] t ksfd v / huLFk fo/ ku l a ca/ hdsdk; Z{ks=k esav krs
gSfd i zkDdyu dksl a l n esafdl h : i esai s'k fd; k t k, A gS] ea
a f=k; ksa}kjkl nu dsi Vy i j j[ ksx, l Hkhdkxt krksadht ka p
ykd s ys[kk l fefr Hkkjr l jdkj dsfofu; ksx rFkk fok ys[kk v kS j djrhgSv kS j ns[krhgSfd l a fo/ ku] v f/ fu; e] fu; e ; kfofu; e
ys[kkfu; = akd rFkkegkys[kki jh{kd dhfji ksVZdht ka p djrhgS A dsv a r xZ r dkxt kr i zLrq r djrsgq , mudhO;oLFkkv ksadk i kyu
; g l fquf' pr djrh gSfd l jdkjh / u l a l n dsfu.kZ ; ksads gqv k gS; k ugha _ ( 3) l nu d s nS fud d k; Zl s l a caf/ r
v uq : i gh [ kpZgksA ; g v i O;; ] gkfu v kS j fujFkZ d O;; ds l fefr ; k&( d) dk; Zea =k.kkl fefr%l nu esai s'kfd, t kusokys
ekeyksadhv ksj ; ku fnykrhgS Al jdkjhmi e l fefr fu; a =kd l jdkjh , oav U; dk; Zdsfy, l e; &fu/ kZ j .k dh fl i Q kfj' k
rFkk egkys[kk i jh{kd dh] ; fn dksbZfji ksVZgks] rksml dh t ka p djrh gS _ ( [ k) xS j &l jdkjh l nL; ksadsfo/ s;dksarFkk i zLrkoksa
djrhgS Aog bl ckr dhHkht ka p djrhgSfd ; sl jdkjhmie la ca/ h yksd l Hkk dh l fefr%fut h l nL; ksa}kjk i s'k xS j &l jdkjh
oq Q' kyrki w oZ
d pyk, t k jgsgS a; k ugharFkk budk i zca / Bksl fo/ s;dksadk oxhZ d j.k , oamudsfy, l e; dk fu/ kZ j .k djrh
O;ki kfjd fl kraksav kS j foosd i w
. kZokf.kfT; d i zf; kvksadsv uq l kj gS] fut h l nL; ksa}kjk i s'k i zLrkoksai j cgl dsfy, l e; dk
fd; k t k jgk gS; k ugha A fukkZ j .k djrh gS av kSj yksd l Hkk esafut h l nL; ksa}kjk i s'k fd,
bu rhu fokh; l fefr; ksadsv ykok] yksd l Hkk dhfu; eksa t kus l s i w oZl a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u fo/ s;dksadh t ka p djrh gS A
dsckjsesal fefr usfoHkkxksal sl a caf/ r 17 LFkk; hl fefr; kxfBr jkT; l Hkk esa bl rjg dh l fefr ugha gksrhA jkT; l Hkk dh
djusdhfl i Q kfj' kdhFkhAbl dsv uq l kj 8 v i zSy ] 1993 dksbu dk; Z ea =k.kkl fefr dhxS j &l jdkjhfo/ s;dksa, oai zLrkoksadspj.k
17 l fefr; ksadksxBu fd; k x; kA t q y kbZ2004 esafu; eksaesa ; kpj.kksaesacgl dsfy, l e; dsfu/ kZ j .kdhfl i Q kfj' kdjrh
l 'akksku fd; k x; k] rkfd , slhgh l kr v kS j l fefr; kaxfBr dh gSA ( x) fu; e l fefr%l nu esadk; Z of/ v kS j dk; Z okgh ds
la pkyu l sl a caf/ r ekeyksai j fopkj djrh gSv kS j fu; eksaesa
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
la
l n d hl fefr ; ka
l fefr dq
y l nL; l a
[;k y ksd l Hkk l s j kT; l Hkk l s d k; Z
yksd ys[kk l fefr 22 15 7 fofHkUu ea=kky; ksadsO;; v kS
j
fu; a
=kd , oaegkys[kki jh{kd
dsi zfrosnu i j fopkj&foe' kZ
djukA
i zkDdyu l fefr 30 30 & l jdkj dksfokh; uhfr; ksads
laca
/ esal q
>ko nsuk gS
A
l koZ
t fud mi e l fefr 15 10 5 l h, t h d s i zfr osnuksa , oa
l koZt fud mieksadsys[kkdkj
i zfrosnuksa dh l eh{kk v kS j
la oh{kk djuk gSA
fo' ks"kkf/ dkj l fefr 15 10 5 lal n dsfdl hl nu ; kv; {k
}kjk fo' ks"kkf/ dkj mYya
?ku l s
lacaf/ r i zsf"kr ekeyksa dk
i jh{k.kdjuk gS A
i zoj l fefr * & 30 30 fo/ s;dksadh l eh{kk djukA
l ;aq
Dr i zoj l fefr 45 30 15 l jdkjh fo/ s;dksa dk l e;
fuf' pr djus gsrqfl i Qkfj' k
djukA
; kfpdk l fefr * & 15 10 i zR;sd ; kfpdkdht ka
p djukA
fu; e l fefr * & 15 16 l Hkk ds i zf; k o dk; Z
&
lapkyu dsekeyksai j fopkj
djukA
uksV%
&* nksuksal nuksad sfy , i Fkd &i Fkd
l 'akks/u ; k l a ; kst u dh fl i Q kfj' k djrh gS] v kSj ( ?k) l nu dh i znku d j usl a ca/ h l fefr ; k& ( d) l kekU; i z;kst u l a cakh%
cSBdksaesav uq i fLFkr l nL; ksal a ca
/ hyksd l Hkkdhl fefr%l nu ds l fefr l nu l sl a caf/ r , slsekeyksai j fopkj djrhgS ] t ksfdl h
l nL; ksadhcS Bdksal sv uq i fLFkfr ; kNq V~
Vhdsv kosnuksai j fopkj vU ; la l nh; l fefr dsvf/ dkj {ks=kesaughavkrsrFkkv; {k@ LkHkki fr
djrhgS AjkT; l Hkk esabl i zd kj dhdksbZl fefr ughagS Al nL; ksa dksbl ckjsesal ykg nsrh gSv kS j ( [ k) v kokl l fefr%l nL; ksa
dh Nq V~Vh ; k v uq i fLFkfr dsv kosnuksai j l nu Lo; a v uq lwfpr dsfy, v kokl rFkkv U; l q fo/ kv ksadhO;oLFkkdjrhgS _ ( 6)
t kfr; ksarFkkv uq lwfpr t ut kfr; ksadsdY; k.kdsfopkj djrkgS _ la l n l nL; ksad sosru v kS j Hkkksal a ca/ hl a;qDr l fefr & ; g
( 4) v uq lw fpr t kfr ; ksar Fkkv uq lwfpr t ut kfr ; ksad sd Y; k. k la l n l nL; ksadsosru] Hkks, oai sa ' ku v f/ fu; e] 1954 dsv a r xZ r
d hl fefr & bl esanksuksal nuksadsl nL; gksrsgS A; g dsa
a nzl jdkj xfBr dh xbZgS Al a l n l nL; ksadsosru] Hkks, oai sa ' ku l aca/h
ds dk; Z {ks=k esav kus okyh v uq lwfpr t kfr; ksav kjS v uqlwfpr fu; e cukusdsv frfjDr] ; g mudsfpfdRl k] v kokl ] Vsy hi Q ksu]
t ut kfr; ksadsdY; k.kl a ca/ hekeyksai j fopkj djrhgSv kS j bl Mkd] fuokZ pu {ks=k , oal fpoky; l a ca/ hl qfo/ kv ksadsl aca/ esa
ckr i j ut j j[ krhgSfd mUgsal a oS/ kfud l a
j {k.kfn, x, gS ] os
a fu; e cukrhgS _ ( 7) y kHk d si nksal a ca/ hl a Dr l fefr & ; g
;q
Bhd l sdk; kZ fUor gksjgsgS a; kugha ] ( 5) l nL; ksad ksl qfokk, dsa nz] jkT; ksarFkk dsa
nz'kkfl r i zns'kksa}kjk fu; q
Dr l efr; ksa, oav U;
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
fudk; ksadh l japuk v kS j Lo: i dh t ka p djrh gS ] v kS j ; g fdl h Hkh l nu dh l nL; rk dsfy, fdl h O;fDr dks; ksX;
fl i Q
kfj' k djrh gSfd dkS u&dkS u l si n , slsgksa ] t ksl a l n ds v Fkok v ; ksX; cukrsgS _ ( 8) i q
a Lr d ky ; l fefr & bl esanksuksa
j kT; l Hkk , oay ksd l Hkk%, d r q y uk
- j kT; l Hkk - y ksd l Hkk
1- jkT; l Hkk l a l n dk mPp l nu v Fkok f}rh; l nu gS A 1- yksd l Hkk l a l n dk fuEu l nu v Fkok i zFke l nu gS
bl sofj"B l nu Hkh dgk t krk gS A bl syksd fi z; l nu Hkh dgk t krk gS A
2- jkT; l Hkk dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k 250 gS Ai jar qorZ eku 2- yksd l Hkkesav f/ dre 552 l nL; gksl drsgS ] i ja
a rq
esal nL; ksadh l a [ ; k 245 gS A orZ eku essal nL; ksadh l a [ ; k 545 gS A
3- jkT; l Hkk esal Hkh jkT; ksadksl eku i zfrfuf/ Ro i znku 3- ; g l eLr t urk dk i zfrfuf/ Ro djrh gS A
ughafd; k x; k gS A; g jkT; ksa, oal a ?kh; {ks=kksadk
i zfrfuf/ Ro djrh gS A
4- jk"Vi fr }kjk 12 l nL; ksadkseuksuhr fd; k t krk gS A 4- jk"Vi fr }kjkv ka Xy&Hkkjrh; l eq nk; ds2 l nL; ksadks
euksuhr fd; k t krk gS A
5- jkT; l Hkk , d LFkk; h l nu gS ] ft l dk fo?kVu ugha 5- yksd l Hkk LFkk; h l nu ughagSrFkk bl dk dk; Z d ky
fd; k t k l drkAbl dsl nL; ksadk dk; d Zky 65 o"kks i kp o"kksdkgksrkgS Adk; Z d ky i w
. kZgksusdsi gysHkh
dk gksrk gS Ai zR;sd nkso"kZckn , d&frgkbZl nL; jk"Vi fr }kjk i z/kuea=khdhl ykg i j bl sHka x fd; k
v odk' k xzg.k dj ysrsgS arFkk mrusgh uofuokZ fpr t k l drk gS A
Hkh gkst krsgS A
a
6- jkT; l Hkk dsl nL; ksadk pq uko v i zR;{k : i l s 6- yksd l Hkk dsl nL; ksadk pq uko o; Ld erkf/ dkj ds
v kuq i kfrd i zfrfuf/ Ro dsv k/ kj i j [ kq y h ernku v k/ kj i j i zR;{k: i l sxq Ir ernku i zf; k}kjkgksrk
i zf; k }kjk gksrk gS A gSA
7- / u fo/ s;d jkT; l Hkk esai zLrq r ughafd, t k l drsA 7- / u fo/ s;d dsoy yksd l Hkkesai zLrq r fd, t kl drs
gSa
A
8- ea f=ki fj"kn jkT; l Hkk dsi zfr mkjknk; h ughagksrh gS A 8- ea f=ki fj"kn dsoy yksd l Hkkdsi zfr mkjnk; hgksrhgS A
9- jkT; l Hkk }kjk jkT; l w ph dsfdl h fo"k; dksjkT; l Hkk 9- yksd l Hkk dks; g v f/ dkj i zkIr ughagS A
esami fLFkr , oaernku djusokysl nL; ksadsde&l s&
de nks&frgkbZl nL; ksa}kjk l efFkZ r la d Yi }kjk jk"Vh;
egRo dk ?kksf"kr fd; k t k l drk gS A
10- jkT; l Hkk dksv f[ ky Hkkjrh; l sokv ksadk l t u djus 10- yksd l Hkk dks; g v f/ dkj i zkIr ughagS A
dk v f/ dkj i zkIr gS A
11- mi jk"Vi fr dksgVkusgsrqi zLrko dk v kja Hk jkT; l Hkk esa 11- yksd l Hkk] jkT; l Hkk }kjk i kfjr i zLrko dk v uq eksnu
gh fd; k t krk gS A djrh gS A
12- yksd l Hkk dsHka x gksusdh fLFkfr esav ki krdky dh 12- yksd l Hkk dksbl i zd kj dsfo' ks"kkf/ dkj dh
mn?kks"k.kk dk v uq eksnu jkT; l Hkk }kjk fd; k t krk gS A v ko' ; drk ughagS ] D; ksa
fd jkT; l Hkk fo?kfVr ugha
gksrhgS A
13- jkT; l Hkk dk l Hkki fr bl dk l nL; ughagksrkAHkkjr 13- yksd l Hkk dsv ; {k bl dsl nL; gksrsgS arFkk
dk mi jk"Vi fr gh bl dk i nsu l Hkki fr gksrk gS A budk fuokZ pu l nL; ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS A
mi l Hkki fr jkT; l Hkk dk l nL; gksrk gS ] ft udk
fuokZ pu l nL; ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS A

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
l nuksadsl nL; gksrsgS A; g l a
a l n dsi q Lrdky; l sl a caf/ r cu t krk gS A
ekeyksai j fopkj djrh gS ] v kS j ( 9) efgy k v f/ d kfj r k U;k; i kfydkrFkkjkT; ksadsv f/ dkjksa, oa' kfDr; ksat slhdq N
l fefr & 29 v i zS y ] 1997 dksefgykv ksadsv f/ dkjksadsckjsesa fof' k"VckrksadksNksM+ dj l a fo/ ku dhv U; l HkhO ; oLFkkv ksa
nku sksal nuksadsl nL; ksadh, d l fefr dkxBu fd; kx; kAbl dk esabl hi zf; kds}kjkl a fo/ ku esal a ' kks/u fd; kt krk gS A
ms'; ] v U; ckrksadsl kFk] l Hkh{ks=kksaesaefgykv ksadksxfjekv kS j ( 3) fo' ks"k cgq er , oad e l sd e v k/ sj kT; ksad sfokku
l ekurk i znku djrk gS A( 10) 4 ekpZ ] 1997 dksjkT; l Hkk dh ea My ksad h Lohfr l sl a ' kks/ u& mnkgj.k% &
v kpkj l a fgrkl fefr xfBr dhxbZ Ayksd l Hkkdhv kpkj&l a fgrk (i) jk"Vi fr dk fuokZ pu ( v uq - 54)
l caa / h l fefr 16 ebZ ] 2000 dksxfBr dh xbZ A (ii) jk"Vi fr fuokZ pu dh i z.kkyh ( v uq - 55)
r nFkZl fefr ; k%bl rjg dhl fefr; ksadksekV ss: i esanks (iii) la ?k dh dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dk foLrkj
' kh"kZd ksadsv a r xZ
r oxhZ r fd; k t k l drk gS &( d) l a l n ds (iv) jkT; ksadh dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr dk foLrkj
nku sksal nuksa}kjk v Fkok@ l Hkki fr fdl h fopkjk/ hu i zLrko ds (v) la ?kh; U;k; i kfydk
Lohfr fd, t kus ; k dksbZfof' k"V l e; &l e; i j xfBr (vi) jkT; ksarFkk dsUnz'kkfl r i zns'kksadsfy, mPp U;k; ky;
l fefr; k ( mnkgj.k dsfy, &l a l nh; i fjl j esa[ kk| i zca /uij
(vii) la ?k , oajkT; ksaesafo/ k; h l a ca/
l fefr] l a l nh; i fjl j esajk"Vh; usrkvksav kS j l kal nksadsfp=kksa @
ew frZ; ksa
dhLFkki uki j l fefr] , ei hysM~ l i j l fefr v kS j jsy osduosa ' ku (viii) l krohav uq lw ph dk fo"k;
l fefr] l lanh; i fjl j dh l q j {kk l aca/ hl a ;q Dr ( [ k) fo' ks"k (ix) la l n esajkT; ksadk i zfrfuf/ Ro
foks;dksai j fopkj djus, oafji ksVZnsusdsfy, fu; q Dr i zoj , oa (x) la fo/ ku l a ' kks/u dh i zf; k l sl a caf/ r mi ca /A
l ;aq Dr l fefr; kA t gkard fo/ s;dksal sl a ca f/ r l oky gS ] ;s 20- U;k; i kfy d k
l fefr; kv U; rnFkZl fefr; ksal sfHkUu gS av kSj buds}kjki kyu dh
t kusokyh i zf; k dk mYys[k v ; {k@ l Hkki fr dsfunsZ ' k rFkk l oksZ
Pp U;k; ky ; ( xBu v uq PNsn&124)
i fz; k l ca/ah fu; eksaesafd; k t krk gS A Hkkjr dhU;k; i kfydk, dhr i zd kj dhgS ] ft l ds' kh"kZ
la l n esafoi {k d susrk i j l oksZ
Pp U;k; ky; gS AbUgsav fUre U;k; fu.kZ ; u dkvf/
lal nh; yksd ra =kesafoi {kdsusrkdhegRoi .wkZHkw fedkdks dkj i zkIr gS A; g fnYyh esafLFkr gS A
ns[krsgq , jkT; l Hkkv kSj yksd l Hkkesafoi {kdsusrkvka sdksoS / kfud l oksZPp U;k; ky; dh LFkki uk] xBu v f/ dkfjrk] ' kfDr; ksa
ekU;rk nhxbZgS Ai gyhuoa cj] 1977 l sykxw, d i Fkd dkuw u dsfofu; eu l sl a caf/ r fof/ fuekZ . k dh ' kfDr Hkkjrh;
dsv raxZ r osru rFkk dq N v U; mi ; q Dr l q fo/ k, nh t krh gS A
a la l n dksi zkIr gS a
19- ( v uq PNsn 368) l a fo/ ku l a ' kks/ u i zf; k l oksZPp U;k; ky; esa dq y 31 U;k; k/ h' k ( , d eq [;
; g rhu i z d kj l sgksrk gS & U;k; kkh' k, oa30 v U; U;k; k/ h' k) gksrsgS ] ft udhfu; q
a fDr
jk"Vi fr }kjk dh t krh gS A
( 1) l k/ kj . k fof/ } kj k l a ' kks/ u& l a l n dsl k/ kj.k cgq er
}kjk i kfjr fo/ s;d jk"Vi fr dhLohfr feyusi j dkuw u l oksZPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kksadksi n , oaxksiuh; rkdh
cu t krkgS Abl dsv UrxZ r jk"Vi fr dhi w okZuqefr feyusi j ' ki Fk jk"Vi fr fnykrk gS A
fuEu l 'akks/u fd; st k l drsgS &
a jk"Vi fr U;k; k/ h' kksadhfu; q fDr djrsl e; Hkkjr dseq [;
(i) u; sjkT; ks adkfuekZ . k] jkT; {ks=kksa
] l hek, oauke esai fjorZ uA U;k; k/ h' k] mPpre U;k; ky; rFkk mPp U;k; ky; ksads, sls
U;k; k/ h'kksal si jke' kZdjrkgS ] ft ul si jke' kZdjukvko' ; d
(ii) l a fo/ ku dhukxfjdrkl a ca / h] vuq lwfpr {ks=kksavkS j t ut kfr; ksa
l e>sAfdUrq1993 ds, d fu.kZ ; }kjkl oksZ Pp U;k; ky; us
dhi z'kkl u l aca/ hrFkkdsUnz}kjki z'kkfl r {ks=kka sdhi z'kkl u
U;k; k/ h' kksadh fu; q fDr esaeq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k dh l ykg dks
lac/ah O;oLFkk, a A
ojh; rki znku dj nhAmPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kksads
( 2) fo' ks"k cgq er } kj k l a ' kks/ u& ; fn l a l n dsi zR;sd l nu ekeysesaeq [ ; U;k; k/ h' kksadksmPpre U;k; ky; ds4
}kjkdq y l nL; ksadk cgq er rFkk mi fLFkr v kjS ernku esa ofj"Bre U;k; k/ h' kksadsl ew g l si jke' kZdjdsghjk"Vi fr
Hkkx ysusokysl nL; ksads2@ 3 erksal sfo/ s;d i kfjr gks dksv i uh fl i Q kfj' k Hkst uh gksrh gS A
t k; rksjk"Vi fr dhLohfr feyrsghog l a ' kks/u dkva x

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
mPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kcuusdsfy, dksbZU;w ure og fdl h mPp U;k; ky; v Fkok nks; k nksl sv f/ d
v k; qfu/ kZ
fjr ughadhxbZgS
A, d ckj fu; q
fDr gksusdsckn U;k; ky; ksaesayxkrkj de l sde 5 o"kZrd U;k; k/ h' kds
budsv odk' k xzg.k djusdh v k; ql hek 65 o"kZgS A : i esadk; Zdj pq d k gksA
U;k; k/ h' k dHkh Hkh jk"Vi fr dksv i uk R;kx&i =k l kS i jk"Vi fr dh jk; esayC/ i zfr"B fof/ osrk gksA
a
l drk gS A mPpr e U;k; ky ; d k {ks=kkf/ d kj
mPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k dksl a l n dsi zR;sd l nu 1- i zkj fEHkd {ks=kkf/ d kj ( v uq PNsn&131) & bl dsv UrxZ r
}kjk fo' ks"k cgq er l si kfjr l ekosnu jk"Vi fr dksi zLrq r , slsekeysv krsgS ] ft udh l q
a uokbZdjusdk v f/ dkj
fd; st kusi j jk"Vi fr ml si n l sgVk l drk gS AmUgsai n fdl hmPp U;k; ky; ; kv / huLFkU;k; ky; ksadksughagksrk
l sgVkusdsnksv k/ kj gS & l kfcr dnkpkj , oav l eFkZ
a r kA gS A; sgS
& ( 1) Hkkjr l a
a ?krFkk, d ; k, d l sv fkd jkT; ksa
( v uqpNsn 124 ( 4) ) dse; mRiUu fooknksaesa A( 2) Hkkjr l a
?k rFkk dksbZ, d
mPpre U ; k; ky; ds, dek=kU ; k; k/ h'kvkj- jkekLokehdksi n jkT; ; kv usd jkT; ksav kS
j , d ; k, d l sv f/ d jkT; ksads
l sgVkusdki z;kl fd; kx; kFkk] fdU rqdkaxzsl }kjkernku esa chp fooknksaesaA( 3) nks; k nksl sv f/ d jkT; ksadschp
Hkkx u ysusdsdkj.ki zLrko i kl ughagksl dkFkkA , slsfookn esa] ft uesamudsoS / kfud v f/ dkjksadk i z'u
fufgr gksA
v c rd mPpre U;k; ky; dseq [ ; U;k; k/ h' kksadsi n i j
l cl sde l e; rd ds- , u- fl a g
( ek=k17 fnu) v kS j l cl sv f/ d fnu
rd okbZ - oh- pUnzpw M ( 7 o"kZ170
fnu) jgsgS A
a
eq [ ; U;k; k/ h'kjk"Vi fr dhi w
oZLohfr
ysd j fnYyh dsv frfjDr v U; fdl h
Hkh LFkku i j l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; dh
cS Bd cq y kl drkgS Av c rd gS njkckn
( 1950) v kjS Jhuxj ( 1954) esabl
i zd kj dhcS Bdsav k; ksft r dht kpq dh
gS a
A
vuqPNsn 126 dsvuq l kj eq
[ ; U;k; kkh'k
ds i n fjDr dh fLFkfr esajk"Vi fr
dk; Z
d kjh U;k; k/ h' k dh fu; qfDr dj
l drk gSA
mPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h'kvodk'k
i zkIr djusdsckn Hkkjr dsfdl h Hkh
U;k; ky; ; k fdl h Hkh v f/ dkjh ds
l keusodkyr ughadj l drk gS A
l oksZ
Pp U;k; ky; d sU;k; k/ h' kksad h; ksX; r k
og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA
og fdl hmPpre U;k; ky; esayxkrkj
de l sde 10 o"kZrd v f/ oDrkjg
pq
d kgksA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
i zkjfEHkd {ks=kkf/ dkj dsrgr l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; ml hfookn v U; U;k; k/ h' kksal sfeykdj fd; kt krkgS Abudhfu; q fDr
dksfu.kZ ; dsfy, Lohdkj djsxk] ft l esfdl h rF; ; k jk"Vi fr }kjk gksrh gS A fHkUu&fHkUu mPp U;k; ky; ksaesa
fof/ dk i z'u ' kkfey gS A U;k; k/ h' kksadh l a[ ; k v yx&v yx gksrhgS A
2- v i hy h; {ks=kkf/ d kj ( v uq PNsn&132) & ns'k dk l cl s xq okgkVh mPp U;k; ky; ksaesaU;k; k/ h' kksadh l a [ ; k l cl s
cM+ k v i hyh; U;k; ky; l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; gS abl sHkkjr ds de ( ek=k3) v kS j bykgkckn mPp U;k; ky; usU;k; kkh' kksa
l HkhmPp U;k; ky; ksadsfu.kZ ; ksadsfo# v i hy l q uusdk dh l a [ ; k l cl sv f/ d ( 58) gS A
v f/ dkj i zkIr gS Abl dsv UrxZ r fuEu i zd j.kv krsgS %
a& 1- la ?k jkT; {ks=kksaesadsoy fnYyhesamPp U;k; ky; LFkkfi r
la oS
/ kfud ekeys] 2- nhokuhekeys] 3- v i jkf/ d ekeys] gSA
4- fo' ks"k bt kt r l sv i hyA
mPp U;k; ky ; d sU;k; k/ h' kskad h; ksX; r k, a( v uqPNsn 217)
3- i j ke' kZ nk=kh {ks=kkf/ d kj & v uq PNsn 143 dsrgr jk"Vi fr
1- Hkkjr dkukxfjd gksv kS j 62 o"kZdhv k; qi jwhu fd; kgks]
U;k; k/ h' kl si jke' kZeka x l drkgS AfdUrq; g i jke' kZeka xus
dsfy, jk"Vi fr ck; ughagSv kS j u ghU;k; k/ h' ki jke' kZ 2- de l sde 10 o"kZrd U;kf; d i n / kj.k dj pq d k gks]
nsusdsfy, ck; gS Ajket Ue Hkw fe&ckcjhefLt n dsekeys 3- de l sde nl o"kZrd mPp U;k; ky; esav f/ oDrkjgk
esaeq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k , u-, u- osa d V psy S ; k dh [ ka Mi hB us gksA
jk"Vi fr }kjkeka xhx; hjk; dkdksbZt okc nsusl sba d kj dj v uq PNsn 219 dsv uq l kj mPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k dks
fn; kA ml jkT; ] ft l esamPp U;k; ky; fLFkr gS ] dk jkT; i ky
4- i q ufoZ y ksd u {ks=kkf/ d kj ( v uq PNsn 137) & mPpre ml dsi n dh ' ki Fk fnykrk gS A
U;k; ky; dksl a l n ; k fo/ ku ea Myksa}kjk i kfjr fdl h mPp U ; k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kksadksv odk' kxzg.kdjusdh
v fkfu; e rFkkdk; Z i kfydk}kjkfn; sx; sfdl hv kns'kdh v f/ dre v k; ql hek 62 o"kZgS ] fdUrqog v i usi n l s
oS / kfudrk dk i q ufoZy ksd u djusdk v f/ dkj gS A fdl h Hkh l e; jk"Vi fr dksR;kxi =k nsl drk gS A ; fn
5- v Urj . k d k {ks=kkf/ d kj & ( 1) og mPp U;k; ky; ksaesa R;kxi =kesaml frfFkdkmYys[kfd; kx; kgS ] ft l frfFk
yfEcr ekeyksadksv i us; gkav Urfjr dj l drkgS A( 2) dksR;kxi =kykxwgksxkrksU;k; k/ h' kfdl hHkhl e; v i uk
og fdl hmPp U;k; ky; esayfEcr ekeyksadksnw l jsmPp R;kxi =k oki l ysl drk gS A
U;k; ky; esav Urfjr dj l drk gS A jk"Vi fr Hkkjr dseq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k l si jke' kZdjdsfdl h
6- v fHkys[kU;k; ky ; ( v uq PNsn 129) l kekU;r %v fHkys[k HkhmPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' kdkLFkkukUrj.knw l jsmPp
U;k; ky; l sv k' k; ml mPp U;k; ky; l sgS ] ft l dsfu.kZ ; U;k; ky; ksaesadj l drk gS A( v uq
PNsn 222)
l nk dsfy, ys[kc gksrsgS av kS j ft l dsv fHkys[kksadk jk"Vi fr v ko' ; drkuq l kj fdl h Hkh mPp U;k; ky; esa
i zekf.kr ew Y; gksrk gS A Hkkjr dsl oksZ Pp U;k; ky; dk U;k; k/ h' kksa dh l a [ ; k esa of d j l dr k gS, oa
v fHkys[k U;k; ky; dk l Hkh ' kfDr; k i zkIr gS ] ft uesa
a v ko' ; drkuq l kj v frfjDr U;k; k/ h' kksadhfu; q fDr Hkhdj
v oekuuk dsfy, n.M nsuk Hkh l fEefyr gS A l drk gS A
jk"Vi fr mPp U ; k; ky; dsfdl hv odk' ki zkIr U;k; kkh' k
7- l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; l a fo/ ku , oaekS fyd v f/ dkj dk j{kd
dksHkhmPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' ki n dksl kS i l drkgS
a A
gSA
t ksO ; fDr ft l mPp U;k; ky; esaLFkk; hU;k; k/ h' kds: i
mPp U;k; ky ; esadk; Zfd; k gS ] og ml U;k; ky; esaodkyr ughadj
v uq PNsn 214 dsv uq l kj i zR;sd jkT; dsfy, , d mPp l drkA fdUrqfdl h nw l jsmPp U;k; ky; v kS j l oksZ Pp
U;k; ky; gksxk] ysfdu l a l n fof/ }kjknks; knksl svfkd U;k; ky; esaodkyr dj l drk gS A( v uq PNsn 220) A
jkT; ksav kSj fdl h l a ?k jkT; {ks=k dsfy, , d gh mPp mPp U;k; ky ; d k {ks=kkf/ d kj
U;k; ky; LFkkfi r dj l drk gS A( v uq PNsn 231) A
1- v i hyh; {ks=kkf/ dkj& mPp U;k; ky; dksv i usv khuLFk
orZ eku esaHkkjr esa21 mPp U;k; ky; gS A
a l HkhU;k; ky; ksarFkkU;k; kf/ dj.kksadsfu.kZ ; ksa
] v kns'kksarFkk
iz R;sd mPp U;k; ky; dk xBu , d eq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k , oa fMfxz;ksadsfo# v i hy l q uusdk v f/ dkj gS A

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- i zkjfEHkd {ks=kkf/ dkj& mPp U;k; ky; dks jkt Lo rFkk i zR;sd jkT; ] ft yksaesaca Vkgq v kgSv kS j i zR;sd ft ysesa, d
jkt Lo l xazg dsl a ca/ esarFkkew y v f/ dkjksadsmYya ?ku ds ft yk v nkyr gksrh gS Abu ft yk v nkyrksadsv khu dbZ
ekeysesai zkjfEHkd {ks=kkf/ dkj gS( v uq PNsn 226) A fupyh v nkyrsagksrh gS ] tS
a l sv frfjDr ft yk v nkyr]
3- v Urj.k l Eca / h v f/ dkj& ; fn fdl h mPp U;k; ky; dks l c&dksVZ ] eq fl i Qeft LVsV v nkyr] f}rh; Js.kh fo' ks"k
a
, slkyxsfd t ksv fHk; ksx v / huLFkU;k; ky; esafopkjkkhu U;kf; d eft LVsV v nkyr] jsy osdsfy, fo' ks"k U;kf; d
gS ] og fof/ dsfdl hl kjxfHkZ r i z'u l sl ac gS] rksog eft LVsVv nkyr] dkj[ kkukdkuw u v kSj Je dkuw uksadsfy,
ml sv i us; gkagLrka r fjr dj ; k rksml dk fui Vkjk Lo; a fo' ks"k eft LVsV v nkyr v kfnA
dj nsrkgS; kfof/ l sl a c i z'u dksfui Vkdj v / huLFk la fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 233( 1) dsv uq l kj fdl h jkT; dk
U;k; ky; dksfu.kZ ; dsfy, oki l Hkst nsrk gS A jkT; i ky ft ykU;k; k/ h'kdhfu; q fDr l acaf/ r mPp U;k; ky;
4- ys[kt kjhdjusdkv f/ dkj& ; g ew y kf/ dkjka
sdsmYya ?ku dsi jke' kZl sdjrk gS a
dsekeysesacUnhi zR;{khdj.k] i jkekns'k] i zfr"ks/] mRizs"k.k Hkkjr esayksd fgr vFkokt ufgr ; kfpdkdksi zkjEHk( 1970
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5- v / h{k.k {ks=kkf/ dkj& i zR;sd mPp U;k; ky; dksv i uh oh- v kj- ".k v ; ; ~ j dk jgk gS A
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py i zns'k f' keyk
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bl i n l sl s okfuofkdsckn og Hkkjr l jdkj dsv / hu egkU;k; oknh jk"Vi fr dsi zlkn&i ; r v i usi n dks/ kj.k
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
djsxkrFkkml sososru] Hkksi zkIr gksa xs] t ksjk"Vi fr fu/ kZfjr xbZt kp ; k v Uos"k.k dhft Eesnkjh ysukA
djsA fofHkU u fLFkfr; k&v Uos"k.k] t kp] v i hy] l eh{kk v kfn esa
Hkkjr dkegkU ; k; konhl a l n ; k ea f=keaMy dkl nL; ugha l rdZ r knf"Vl fgr vuq ' kkl ukRed ekeyksaesavU; v FkkW fjVh
gskrk] ysfdu og fdl h Hkh l nu v Fkok mudh l fefr esa dsl a ca/ esaLora =k , oafu"i {k l ykg nsukA
cksy l drk gS ] i ja r qmUgsaerkf/ dkj ughai zkIr gksrk gS A
a Hkkjr l jdkj dsea =kky; ksa; kfoHkkxksarFkkv U; l a xBuksaft u
egkU ; k; oknhdksv i usdrZ O;ksadsi kyu esaHkkjr dsjkT; i j dsa nzl jdkj dhdk; Z d kjh' kfDr dkfoLrkj fd; kx; k
{ks=kesal HkhU;k; ky; ksaesal q uok; hdkv f/ dkj i zkIr gS Aos gS ] esal rdZ r k, oaHkz"Vkpkj fojks/hdk; ksdhl kekU; t kp
l oksZPPkU;k; ky; rFkkfofHkUu U;k; ky; ksadsl Eeq [ kl jdkj ; kl q i jfot u djukA
esaekeysi zLrq r djrk gS A funs ' kd ( l hchv kbZ ) funs'kd ( i zorZ u funs'kky; ) rFkk
Hkkjr es av Hkh rd bl i zFkk dk v uq l j.k gksrk jgk gSfd Mh, l i hbZesa, l i h, oamul sofj"B vf/ dkfj; ksadhdfeVh
ft l ea f=keaMy usegkU;k; koknhdhfu; q fDr dhFkh] ml ds v kW i Ql ysD' ku ( pq uko l fefr) dh v ; {krk djukA
i n R;kx djus; k i zfrLFkkfi r fd; st kusi j egkU;koknh t ufgr i z d Vhdj.k v ukS i pkfjd dsl a j {k.k dsrgr i zkIr
v i uk i n R;kx nsrk gS A f' kdk; rksaesat kp dhft Eesnkjh l a Hkkyuk rFkk mfpr dk; Z
25- d sa nzh; l r d Z r k v k; ksx dh l a Lrq fr djukA
ds nzh; l rdZ
a r k v k; ksx , d i jke' kZ nk=kh l a LFkk gS A bl dh 26- i z'kkl fud v f/ d j . k ( v uq PNsn&323&d )
LFkki ukdsa nzl jdkj dsfoHkkxksaesai z'kkl fud Hkz"Vkpkj dh 42os al afo/ ku l a ' kks/u }kjkl a fo/ ku esaHkkx 14 ( d) rFkk
t kap djusdsms'; l sl a Fkkue l fefr dsv uq ' ka
l ki j v uq PNsn 323 ( d) v kS j 323 ( [ k) t ksM+ d j i z'kkl fud
1964 esadk; Z i kfydk ds, d l a d Yi ds}kjk dh xbZ A v f/ dj.k dsxBu rFkk ml dh v f/ dkfjrk dsl a ca/ esa
1998 ea sjk"Vi fr ds, d v ; kns'k}kjkbl sl ka fof/ d , oa i zko/ ku fd; k x; k gS A
cgq Lrjh; cuk fn; k x; kA jkT; i z ' kkl fud v f/ dj.kdsl nL; ksadhfu; q fDr l a cf/ r
ds nzh; l rdZ
a r k v k; ksx ds, d v ; {k , oanksl nL; dh jkT; dsjkT; i ky }kjk dh t krh gS A
fu; fDr jk"Vi fr }kjk rhu l nL; h; l fefr] ft l esa( 1) iz ' kkl fud v f/ dj.k v f/ fu; e 1985 dsrgr 1 uoa cj
i z/kuea =kh] ( 2) xgea =kh] ( 3) yksd l Hkk esafoi {k dsusrk dksfnYyh esadsa nzh; i z'kkl fud v f/ dj.k ( dS V) dh
' kkfey gksrsgS ] fd fl i Q
a kfj' kksadsv k/ kj i j dh t krh gS A LFkki uk dhxbZ Ackn esabl hv f/ fu; e dsrgr 17 jkT; ksa
vi z y 2004 esadsa
S nzh; l rdZ r kv k; q
Dr dksfdl h Hkz"Vkpkj esajkT; i z'kkl fud v f/ dj.k LFkkfi r fd; k x; k gS A
dsv kjksi ; ki n dsnq : i ; ksx dsfy, fyf[ kr f' kdk; rksadks v f/ dj.k dsl nL; U ; kf; d v kS j i z'kkl fud nksuksa{ks=kksal s
Lohdkj djusrFkk l gh i z'kl a d h; dk; Zdh l a Lrqfr djus jk"Vi fr }kjk fu; q Dr fd; st krsgS A
a
dsfy, ukfer , t sa l h ds: i esav f/ r fd; k x; k gS A 27- Hkkj r h; j kt O;oLFkk esaoj h; r k v uq e
da
n
szh; l r oZ Qr k v k; ksx ( l hchl h) d h ' kfDr ; k 1- jk"Vi fr
fuf' pr oxks dsyksd l sodksadsfy, l hv kji hl hdsrgr 2- mijk"Vi fr
v i jk/ ; k Hkz"Vkpkj v f/ - 1988 dsv a r xZ
r t kp djusds 3- i z/kuea =kh
la c/a esafnYyh fo' ks"k i q fyl O;oLFkk ( Mh, l i hbZ ) ds
4- jkT; i ky ( l a caf/ r jkT; dsv a nj)
dk; ksi j ut j j[ kukrFkkbl ft Eesnkjhl seq fDr dsms';
l sMh, l i hbZdksfunsZ ' k nsukA 5- Hkw ri woZjk"Vi fr
i hl h , DV dsrgr rFkkdfFkr v i jk/ ks aesaMh, l i hbZ}kjk 5A- mi i z/kuea =kh
dh xbZt kp dh i zxfr dh l eh{kk djukA 6- Hkkjr dh eq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k] yksd l Hkk dk v ; {k
fdl h dkjZ okbZ] ft l esa, d l a xBu esadk; Zdj jgsyksd 7- l a ?kh; dS fcusV ea =kh eq[ ; ea =kh ( l a
caf/ r jkT; dsv a nj) ]
l sodksa] ft l i j Hkkjr l jdkj dsdk; Z d kjh fu; a =k.k dk ; kst uk v k; ksx dk mi k; {k] Hkw ri woZi z/kuea =kh foi {k dk
foLrkj gkst krk gS ] i j v uq fpr ms'; ; k Hk"zV rjhdsl s usrk ( jkT; l Hkk v kS j yksd l Hkk)
dk; Zdjus] djusdk l a nsg fd; k t krk gSdsl a ca/ esadh

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
7A- Hkkjr jRu l sl Eekfur O;fDr 26- Hkkjr l jdkj dsl a ;qDr l fpo , oal eku i n ds
8- jk"Vl a ?kdsns'kdsmPpk; q Dr ( t ksHkkjr usi zekf.kr v f/ dkjh
fd; k gq v k gks) eq [ ; ea=kh ( l a
caf/ r jkT; dsckgj) 28- j kT; d h d k; Z i kfy d k o fo/ kf; d k
jkT; i ky ( l a caf/ r jkT; dsckgj) la fo/ ku dsHkkx&6 esajkT; ksads' kkl u dsfy, , d l h
9- mPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k la j puk v f/ dfFkr dh xbZgS Afda r qt Eewd' ehj esa; g ' kkl u
9A- Hkkj r d k eq [ ; fuokZ pu v k; q Dr] Hkkj r d k fo/ ku dq N v yx gksxkA
fu; a =kd&egkys[kk i jh{kd j kT; i ky
10- jkT; l Hkk dk mi l Hkki fr] mi eq [ ; ea
=kh] yksd l Hkk l HkhjkT; ks aesadk; Z i kfydkdki zeq [ kjkT; i ky gksrkgSv kS j
dk mi k; {k ; kst uk v k; ksx dk l nL; ] l a ?k ds jkT; dhl eLr dk; Z okghjkT; i ky dsuke l sghl a pkfyr
jkT; ea =kh v kSj j{kk ea =kky; dsl a ca f/ r v U; ea =khA gksrhgS Afda r qokLrfod ' kfDr ea f=ki fj"kn dsgkFkksaesagksrh
11- Hkkjr dkegkU;k; koknh] dS fcusV l fpo mi jkT; i ky gSv kS j jkT; i ky ukeek=k dk i zeq [ k gksrk gS A
(l a cfa/ r l a ?k jkT; {ks=k dsv a nj) O ; ogkjr%i zR;sd jkT; esa, d jkT; i ky gksrk gSfda r q7osa
12- l suk v ; {k ; k l erq Y; jS d
a la fo/ ku l a ' kks/u dsckn vuq PNsn 153( 2) dsv uq l kj , d
13- i w. kZ' kfDr; q Dr egknw r ( t ksHkkjr usi e zkf.kr fd; k ghO;fDr nks; k nksl sv f/ d jkT; ksadk jkT; i ky fu; q fDr
gks) fd; k t k l drk gS A
14- jkT; fo/ ku ea My dsl Hkki fr v kS j v ; {k( l a caf/ r jkT; i ky dhfu; q fDr i kp o"kksdsfy, ea f=kea
My dsl ykg
jkT; dsv a nj) i j jk"Vi fr }kjkdht krhgSysfdu og jk"Vi fr dsi zlkn
15- jkT; dsdS fcusV ea =kh ( l acf/ r jkT; dsHkhrj) i; r v i uk i n / kj.k djrk gS A
l? ak jkT; {ks=k dseq [ ; ea=kh ( l a
caf/ r l a ?k jkT; {ks=k j kT; i ky d h ; ksX; r k% & v uq PNsn&157 dsv uq l kj fuEu
dsv a nj) ; ksX; rk, gS &( 1) og Hkkjr dkukxfjd gks] ( 2) ml dhv k; q35
a
l? ak dsmi ea =kh o"kZl sv f/ d gks( 3) og fo/ kul Hkkl nL; pq ust kus; ksX; gks]
16- ysfVusa V t ujy ( 4) fdl h i zd kj dsykHk dk i n / kj.k ughadjrk gksA
17- v ; {k ( dsa nzh; i z'kkl fud v f/ dj.k) v uq PNsn 159 dsvuq l kj jkT; i ky v i usi n , oaxksiuh; r k
v ; {k( v Yi l a [ ; d v k; ksx) d h ' ki Fk l a caf/ r jkT; ds mPp U;k; ky; ds eq [;
v ; {k( v uq lwfpr t kfr@ t ut kfr v k; kxs) U;k; / h' k dsl Eeq [ k ysrsgS A
a
v ; {k ( l a ?k yksd l sok v k; ksx) jkT; i ky dsLFkkuka r j.k dk o.kZ u ew y la fo/ ku esaughagS
mPp U;k; ky; ds U;k; k/ h' k ( l a ca
f/ r jkT; ds fda r qO;ogkj esabl dk i zpyu gS A, d l sv f/ d ckj Hkh
ckgj) O;fDr ; g i n / kj.k dj l drk gS A
18- jkT; dsdS fcusV ea =kh ( l acaf/ r jkT; dsckgj) d k; Z i kfy d k l a ca / h d k; Z & ( v uq PNsn&154)
19- eq [ ; mi k; q Dr jkT; i ky] eq [ ; ea =kh rFkk eq [ ; ea=kh dh l ykg l sml ds
20- mi l Hkki fr , oav ; {k jkT; fo/ kuea My ea f=ki fj"kn~dsl nL; ksadksfu; q Dr djrkgSrFkkmUga si n , oa
xksiuh; rk dh ' ki Fk fnykrk gS A
21- l lan l nL;
jkT; i ky dsmPp vf/ dkfj; ks ]tS
a l s&egkf/ oDrkjkT; yksd
22- v i usjkT; ksal sckgj jkT; ksadsmi ea =kh
l sokv k; ksx dkv; {krFkkv U; l nL; ksadhfu; q fDr djrk
23- l suk; {k, oal eku i nkf/ dkjh] Hkkjr l jdkj_jk"Vi fr]
gSrFkk jkT; dsmPp U;k; ky; esaU;k; k/ h' kksadh fu; q fDr
i z/kuea =kh] yksd l Hkk] jkT; l Hkkdkl fpo_l ksfyfl Vj
dsl a ca/ esajk"Vi fr dksi jke' kZnsrk gS( v uq PNsn&127)
t ujy
jkT; i ky dks; g v f/ dkj gSfd og jkT; dsi z ' kkl u ds
24- ysfVusa V t ujy v kS j l keku i n dsv f/ dkjh
la ca/ esaeq [ ; ea =kh l sl w puk i zkIr djsa A
25- Hkkjr l jdkj dsv frfjDr l fpo] funs'kd l h-ch-
t c jkT; dk i z ' kkl u l a oS / kfud ra =kdsv uq l kj u pyk; k
v kbZ -] v kbZ - ch-] ch- , l - , i Q ] l h-v kj-i h-, i Q
A
t k l ds] t ksjkT; i ky jk"Vi fr l sjkT; esajk"Vi fr ' kkl u
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
ykxwdjusdh fl i Q kf' k djrk gS AjkT; esajk"Vi fr ' kkl u fdl hi zd kj dsv uq nku dheka x dks; kdjksadsi zLrko dks
ykxwdj fn; k t krk gS ] rc jkT; i ky dsa nz l jdkj ds jkT; i ky dsv uq eksnu l sfo/ ku l Hkkesai s'kfd; kt krkgS A
v fHkdrkZds: i esajkT; dk i z'kkl u pyrk gS A jkT; dhv kdfLed fuf/ l sO ; ; jkT; i ky dhv uq efr ds
jkT; i ky jkT; dsfo' ofo| ky; dkdq y kf/ i fr gksrsgSarFkk fcuk ughafd; k t k l drk gS( v uq PNsn&203( 3) A
mi dq y i fr dksHkh fu; q Dr djrk gS A U;kf; d v f/ d kj & og U;k; ky; }kjk nks"kfl fd; sx,
fo/ k; h v f/ d kj h ( v uq PNsn&174) v i jkf/ ; ksadks{kek djus] mudsna M dksde djus; k fuya cu
jkT; i ky jkT; fo/ kuea My dk , d v fHkUu v a x gS A djus; kfoya fcr djusdh' kfDr j[ krkgS ] ysfdu bl ' kfDr dk
og jkT; fo/ ku&ea My dsl =k dksv kgw r dj l drk gS ] i ;
z kx
s m l ds }k jk m l h l hek rd fd; k t k l drk gS ] ft l l hek
LFkfxr dj l drk gSrFkk jkT; fo/ ku l Hkk dksHka x dj rd jkT; dhdk; Z i kfydk' kfDRkdkfoLrkj gS A( v uq PNsn&161)
l drk gS A j kT; i ky d h mUeq fDr ; k r Fkk fo' ks"kkf/ d kj &
; g fo/ kul Hkkes a, d v ka Xy&Hkkjrh; dkseuku shr djrkgS A og v i usi n dh' kfDr; ksadsi z;ksx rFkk drZ O;ksadsi kyu
og jkT; fo/ ku i fj"kn~dhdq y l nL; l a[ ; kdsl nL; ds dsfy, fdl h U;k; ky; dsi zfr mkjnk; h ughagS A
NBosaHkkx dsfy, l nL; ksa ] ft udkfoKku] l kfgR;] dyk] jkT; i ky dh i nkof/ dsnkS j ku ml dsfo: fdl h Hkh
l ekt l sok] l gdkjh&v ka nksy u vkfn ds{ks=kesafo' ks"kKku] U; k; ky; es
a fdl h Hkh i d
z k
j dhv i jkf/ d dk; Z okghugha
v uq Hko ; k ; ksxnku gks] dksfu; q Dr dj l drk gS A i zkja
Hk dh t k l drhA
; fn jkT; fo/ ku l Hkk dsfdl h l nL; dh v k; ks X; rk dk t c og i n i j vk: <+gks]rc ml dhfxjrkjh; kdkjkokl
i z'u mRiUu gksrkgS ] rksvk; ksX; rkl aca
/ hfookn dkfu/ kZ j .k dsfy, fdl h Hkh i zd kj l sdksbZv knsf' kdk t kjh ughadh
jkT; i ky pq uko v k; ksx l si jke' kZdjdsdjrk gS A t k l drhA
jkT; fo/ ku ea My }kjki kfjr dksbZHkhfo/ s;d jkT; i ky ds jkT; i ky dk i n xzg.k djusl si w oZ; k i ' pkr~ml ds}kjk
gLrk{kj dsckn gh v f/ fu; e curk gS A O;fDrxr {kerkl sfd, x, dk; Zdsl a ca / esadksbZfl foy
jkT; i ky / u fo/ s ; d dsv frfjDr fdl hHkhfo/ s;d dks dk; Z okghdjusdsi gysml snksekl i w oZl wpuknsuhi M+ rh
iqufoZ pkj dsfy, jkT; fo/ kuea My dsi kl Hkst l drk gS gSA
fda r qfo/ ku l Hkk }kjk i q u%nksckjk ml fo/ s;d dksi kl d sanzl j d kj d si zfr fuf/ & jkT; i ky dkHkkjr l jdkj ds
dj fn; k t k, rksjkT; i ky ml i j v i uh l gefr nsusds i zfrfuf/ ds: i esaegRoi w . kZdk; ZjkT; dsl a ca / esal e; &l e;
fy, ck; gS A i j jk"Vi fr dksfji ksVZHkst ukgS ] ft l l sml ds}kjkv i uhv ksj l s
jkT; fo/ ku l Hkkes a/ u fo/ s;d jkT; i ky dsv uq eksnu ds l q >ko Hkh fn, t krsgS AjkT; i ky jk"Vi fr dksfji ksVZLofoosd l s
a
ckn gh i zLrq r fd; k t krk gS A ghHkst rk gS A
v uq PNsn 201 dsrgr jkT; i ky dq N fo/ s;d dksjk"Vi fr oS osfod ' kfDr ; k% &dq N jkT; ksaesajkT; i ky v i uhbPNkl s' kkl u
d fy, v kjf{kr j[ k l drk gS A dj l drk gSfda r qbl dsfy, og Hkkjr dsjk"Vi fr dsi zfr
PNsn 213 ds mkjnk; hgksrkgS
Av l kse dsjkT; i ky v i usfoosd dsv uq l kj og
v ; kns'k t kj h d j us d h ' kfDr & v uq
r jde v o/ kfjr djsxk t ksv l e jkT; [ kfut ksadhv uq
KkfIr; ksal s
v uql kj t c fo/ ku ea My l =k esau gksrFkk jkT; l p wh esaof.kZ
u cuuk v ko' ; d gks] rc mn~
Hkwr gksusokysLokfeRo ds: i esaft yk i fj"kn~dksnsxkA
fo"k; ksaesal sfdl h fo"k; i j dkuw
A jk"Vi fr ; g funsZ
' knsl drkgSfd egkjk"V; kxq t jkr dsjkT; i ky
jkT; i ky ea f=ki fj"kn~dhl ykg i j v ; kns'k t kjhdj l drk gS
My }kjkLohr gksuk dkjkT; dsdq
N {ks=kksaesafodkl dsfy, fo' ks"kdne mBkusdk
, slsv ; kns'kdks6 ekg dsHkhrj fo/ kuea
fo' k"
sk m kjnk f; Ro gksxk] t S l sfonHkZ; k l kS j k"Vk] ukxkyS M ds
a
v ko' ; d gS A ; fn fo/ kuea My 6 ekg ds Hkhrj ml s v i uh
Lohfr ughansrkgS ] rksml v ; kns'kdhoS / rkl ekIr gkst krh jkT; i ky dk ml jkT; esafof/ ; kO;oLFkkdhckcr bl hi zd kj
dkmkjknkf; Ro t c rd gS ] ml jkT; esafonzksghukxkv ksadsdkj.k
gSA
v kar fjd v ' kka fr cuhjgrhgS Aef.ki q j dkjkT; i ky dkml jkT;
fokh; v f/ d kj &
dsi gkM+ h {ks=kksal sfuokZ fpr l nL; ksal sfeydj cuusokyh jkT;
jkT; i ky jkT; dsfokea =khdsek; e l sjkT; fo/ ku l Hkk dh fo/ kul Hkk dh l fefr dk mfpr dk; Z d j.k l q fuf' pr djuk
esajkT; dk okf"kZ d ct V i s'k djrk gS( v uq PNsn&202)
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
ml dk fo' ks"k mkjnkf; Ro gksxkAt c fo/ kul Hkk esapq
uko fdl h ; fn fdl h jkT; dh fo/ kul Hkk v i usdq y l nL; ksads
ny dksLi "V cgq er i zkIr ughagksrkgSrc jkT; i ky v i usfoosd nks&frgkbZcgq er l si zLrko i kfjr djsrksl a l n ml jkT; esa
dsv uq l kj ml O;fDr dkseq [ ; ea
=khfu; q
Dr dj l drkgSt ksfo/ fo/ ku i fj"kn~LFkkfi r dj l drhgSv Fkokml dkyksi dj
kuLkHkk esav i uk cgq
er fl dj l drk gS A l drh gS A
eq[ ; ea
=kh fo/ ku i fj"kn dk l nL; cuusdsfy, U;w ure v k; ql hek
30 o"kZgS A
mi j kT; i ky &fnYyh] i ka
Mhpsjh , oav a
Meku v kS
j fudksckj
fo/ ku i fj"kn dsdq y l nL; ksadhl a [ ; kml jkT; dhfo/
}hi l ew
gA
ku l Hkk dsdq y l nL; ksadh l a [ ; k dh , d frgkbZl s
i z'kkl d & nknj , oauxj gosy h] neu , oanho vkS j y{k}hi A
v f/ d ughagksl drh gS ] fda r qfdl hHkh v oLFkk esafo/
eq Dr &pa
[ ; v k; q Mhx<+A
ku i fj"kn dsl nL; ksadh dq y la [ ; k t Eew &d' ehj ( 36)
dksNksM+ d j 40 l sde ughagksl drh gS A
eq [ ; ea=kh jkT; dh dk; Z i kfydk dk okLrfod i z/ku gksrk fo/ ku i fj"kn , d LFkk; hl nu gS Abl dsi zR;sd l nL; dk
gS A dk; Z d ky 6 o"kZgksrk gSfda r qi zfr nw l jso"kZ, d&frgkbZ
v uq PNsn 163 dsv uq l kj jkT; i ky }kjkcgq er ny dsusrk l nL; v odk' k xzg.k djrsgS A
a
dkseq [ ; ea=kh dh ' ki Fk fnyk; h t krh gS A fo/ ku i fj"kn dsl nL; ks adkfuokZ pu v kuq i kfrd i zfrfuf/ Ro
uksV% & jk"Vh; jkt / kuh {ks=k fnYyh dh eq [ ; ea=kh dh dh , dy l a e.kh; er i fr }kjk gksrk gS A
fu; fqDr pq uko i ' pkr~jk"Vi fr }kjk dh t krh gSv kS j eq [ ; ea
=kh fo/ ku i fj "kn d k xBu
jk"Vi fr dsi zfr mkjnk; h gksrk gS A 1- , d frgkbZ( 1@ 3) l nL; uxj i kfydkv ksa ] ft ykcksMksZv kS j
eq[ ; ea =kh d sv f/ d kj , oad r Z O;& v U; LFkkuh; i zkf/ dkfj; ksal sfeydj cuusokysfuokZ pd
eq [ ; ea=khea f=ki fj"kn~dkscS Bd dhv ; {krk djrk gSrFkk eaMyksa}kjk fuokZ fpr gksaxsA
l kew fgd mkjknkf; Ro dsfl ka r dk i kyu djrk gS A 2- , d&frgkbZ( 1@ 3) l nL; jkT; dhfo/ ku l Hkkdsl nL; ksa
jkT; es av l fSud i nkf/ dkfj; ksadsLFkkuka r j.k dsv kns'k }kjk , slsO;fDr; ksaesal spq ust k, axs] t ksfo/ ku l Hkk ds
eq [ ; ea=kh dsv kns'k i j t kjh fd, t krsgS A
a l nL; ughagS A
a
og jkT; i ky dksjkT; dsi z ' kkl u rFkkfo/ k; u l a ca/ hl Hkh 3- 1@ 12 l nL; ksadkfuokZ pu , slsO;fDr; ksa}kjkgksxkt ksfdl h
i zLrkoksadh t kudkjh nsrk gS A fo' ofo| ky; l sde l sde rhu o"kZi w oZl sLukrd gS A
og jkT; i ky dksfo/ ku l HkkHka x djusdhl ykg nsrkgS A 4- 1@ 12 l nL; ksadksfuokZ pu f' k{kdksadsfuokZ pd ea My }kjk
ea f=ki fj "kn~d k xBu& eq [ ; ea =khjkT; i ky dhl gk; rk l s gksxkA; sf' k{kd ml jkT; esafdl hf' k{k.kl a LFkkesarhu o"kZ
eaf=ki fj"kn~dkxBu djrkgS aeaf=ki fj"kn~dkdksbZl nL; ; fn jkT; l s' kS
{kf.kd dk; Zesayxsgq , gksaA; sf' k{kkl a LFkk, ek; fed
fo/ kul Hkk , oafo/ ku i fj"kn~dk l nL; u gksrksml s6 ekg ds i kB' kkyk l suhpsdh u gksa A
va nj nksuksal nu esal sdksbZ, d l nu dh l nL; rk xzg.k djuk 5- 1@ 6 l nL; jkT; i ky }kjk , slsO;fDr; ksaesal seuksuhfr gksa xs
i M+r k gS ] ugharksea f=ki fj"kn~l sml dh l nL; rk l ekIr gkst krh ft Ugsal kfgR;] foKku] dyk] l gdkjh&vka nksy u vkS j l ekt l sok
gSA dk fo' ks"k Kku gksA
ea f=ki fj "kn~d kv kd kj &91okl a fo/ ku l a' kks/u v f/ fu; e fo/ ku i fj"kn v i usl nL; ks aesal sl Hkki fr , oami l Hkki fr
2003 dsrgr ea f=ki fj"kn dk v kdkj eq [ ; ea
=kh l fgr 15 l s pq urhgS A
v f/ d ughagksxk] fda r qeaf=ki fj"kn~dh U;w ure l hek eq [ ; ea
=kh l Hkki fr] mi l Hkki fr dksv kS j mi l Hkki fr l Hkki fr dks
l fgr 12 fu/ kZ fjr dh xbZgS A dk; Z d ky dse; ea sv i uk bLrhi Q k i =k l ka iS l drk gS A
fo/ kui fj "kn ( v uq PNsn&169) l kFk gh fo/ ku i fj"kn~dsl nL; fo' ks"k cgq er }kjk ml s
fo/ ku i fj"kn jkT; fo/ ku ea My dk mPp l nu gksrk gS A v i nLr Hkhdj l drkgS ] fdar qbl ckr dhl w pukml s14
orZ eku esadsoy 6 jkT; ksa &fcgkj] mkj i zn'sk] egkjk"V] fnu i w oZnsuk gksxkA
egkjk"V] dukZ Vd] t Eew &d' ehj v kS j va k/ zizn'sk esafo/ ku fo/ ku i fj "kn d sd k; Z
i fj"kn fo| eku gS A / u fo/ s ; d , oafokh; fo/ s;d dsv frfjDr dksbZHkh
fo/ s;d fo/ ku i fj"kn esai zLrq r fd; k t k l drk gS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
fokh; fo/ s;d dsekeysesafo/ ku i fj"kn dks14 fnu ds fo/ ku l Hkk v kS
j fo/ ku i fj "kn~d h l nL; l a
[;k
vn aj v i uhfl i Q kfj' kksadsl kFkfo/ s;d dksfo/ ku l Hkkds j kT; fo/ ku l Hkk fo/ ku i fj "kn~
i kl oki l Hkst uk i M+ r k gS
A
1- v : .kkpy i zns'k 40 &
l k/ kj.kfo/ s ; d dsi kfjr gksusesafo/ ku i fj"kn v f/ d l s
2- vl e 126 &
v f/ d 4 ekg ( 3 ekg i gyhckj v kS j , d ekg nw l jhckj)
nsj dj l drh gS A 3- vka / zizns'k 176 &
fo/ ku i fj"kn fdl h fo/ s ; d dksl ekIr ughadj l drhA 4- mM+ hl k 147 &
fo/ ku l Hkk 5- mkji zns'k 403 99
fo/ ku l Hkk jkT; fo/ kuea My dk fuEu l nu gksrk gS A 6- mkjk[ ka M 70 &
v uq PNsn&170 dsv uq l kj jkT; dhfo/ ku l Hkk dsl nL; ksa 7- dukZ Vd 224 75
dh v f/ dre l a [ ; k 500 v kS j U;wure l a [ ; k 60 gksxhA
8- dsjy 140 &
v i okn&xksok ( 40) ] v : .kkpy i zns'k ( 40) ] fet ksje
( 40) v kS j fl fDde ( 32) i ka fMpsjh ( 30) A 9- xq t jkr 182 &
jkT; fo/ ku l Hkk dk dk; Z d ky i zFke v f/ os'ku l s5 o"kZ 10- xksok 40 &
gksrkgSA 11- Nkhl x<+ 90 &
jkT; i ky }kjkbl sl e; l si w oZHkax fd; kt kl drkgSi ja rq 12- t Eew &d' ehj 76 36
; fn l d
a Vdky dh?kks"k.kki zorZ u esagksrksl a
l n fof/ }kjk
13- >kj[ ka M 81 &
fo/ ku l Hkkdkdk; Z d ky , d ckj esa, d o"kZdsfy, c<+ k
l drh gS A 14- rfeyUkkMq 234 &
uksV& t Eew &d' ehj esafo/ ku l Hkk dk dk; Z d ky i zFke 15- ukxkyS M
a 60 &
v f/ os'ku l s6 o"kZgksrk gS A 16- i a
t kc 117 &
fo/ ku l Hkkes afuokZ fpr gksusdsfy, U;w ure v k; ql hek25 17- i f' pe ca xky 294 &
o"kZgSA
18- fcgkj 243 75
fo/ ku l Hkk , oafo/ ku i fj"kn dh x.ki w frZdsfy, dq y
l nL; dk 1@ 10 Hkkx l nL; mi fLFkr gksuk v fuok; ZgS A 19- ef.ki q j 60 &
fo/ ku l Hkk v i us l nL; ks aesal s, d v ; {k , oa, d 20- e; i zns'k 230 &
mi k; {k dk pq uko djrh gS A 21- egkjk"V 288 78
fo/ ku l Hkk v ; {k er foHkkt u dh fLFkfr es av i user 22- fet ksje 40 &
dk i z;ksx ughadjrk gS ] fdar qerksadh cjkcjh dh fLFkfr 23- es?kky; 60 &
esafu.kkZ
; d er nsrk gS A
24- jkt LFkku 200 &
fo/ ku l Hkk d h ' kfDr ; k
1- fo/ k; h ' kfDr ; k& jkT; dsfo/ kuea My dksl kekU;r; k 25- fl fDde 32 &
mu l Hkh fo"k; ksai j dkuw u fuekZ . k dh ' kfDr i zkIr gSt ks 26- gfj; k.kk 90 &
jkT; l wphesav kS j l eorhZl w phesafn, x, gS ] i ja
a r ql eorhZ 27- fgekpy i zns'k 68 &
lw phdsfo"k; i j jkT; fo/ kuea My }kjkfufeZ r fof/ ; fn 28- f=ki qjk 60 &
dsanz}kjkml hfo"k; i j fufeZ r fof/ dsfo: gks]rksjkT;
29- rsy axkuk 119 &
fo/ ku ea My }kjk fufeZ r fof/ ekU; ughagkxshA
2- fokh; ' kfDr ; k& ( 1) / u fo/ s;d dsoy fo/ ku l Hkk la ?kh; i zns'k
esagh i zLrqr fd; k t k l drk gS A( 2) dksbZfo/ s;d / u 1- fnYyh 70 &
fo/ s;d gS; k ugha ] bl dk v a fre fofu' p; fo/ kul Hkk 2- i qnqpsjh 30 &

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v ; {k gh djsxkA ( 3) fok ea =kh jkT; i ky dsuke l s dkuw u cuk; k FkkA
i zR;sd o"kZv k; &O;; dkys[kk&t ks[kk(ct V) i zLrq r djrk v uq PNsn 250 dsrgr v ki krdky dsl e; fo/ ku ea My
gS A( 4) fo/ kuea My l sfofu; ksx fo/ s;d i kl gksusi j gh dh fo/ k; h ' kfDr l a l n dksgLrka r fjr gkst krh gS A bl
l jdkj l a fpr fuf/ l sO;; gsrq/ u fudky l drh gS A l e; l a l n }kjkfufeZ r fof/ v ki krdky dhl ekfIr ds6
3- i z'kkl fud ' kfDr ; k& ( 1) ea f=ki fj"kn l kew fgd : i l s ekl ckn rd i zHkkoh jgrh gS A
fo/ ku l Hkkdsi fr mkjnk; hgksrkgS A( 2) fo/ ku l Hkk; k v uq PNsn 252 dsrgr ; fn nks; k v f/ d jkT; l a l n ds
fo/ ku i fj"kn dsl nL; ksa}kjk ea f=k; ksal smudsfoHkkxksads jkT; l w ph dsfo"k; i j fof/ cukusdk v uq j ks/ dja s] rks
la c/a esai z'u i wNst k l drsgS Aea
a f=kea My dsfo: fua nk la l n , slk dj l dsxhA ysfdu l a l n }kjk fufeZ r fof/
; kv kykspukdk; kdke jksd ksi zLrko i kl fd; kt kl drk dsoy mUghajkT; ksai j ykxwgksxh ft Ugksa usbl dk v uq j ks/
gS A( 3) fo/ ku l Hkkds}kjkv fo' okl i zLrko i kl fd; k fd; k FkkA
t k l drk gS ] ft l dsdkj.k ea f=keaMy dksi n R;kx djuk v uq PNsn 253 dsv a r xZr fdl h fons'kh jkT; l sgq bZfdl h
i M+ r k gS
A la f/ dsv uq i kyu esaHkh l a l n jkT; l w ph dsfo"k; i j
4- l a fo/ ku d sl a ' kks/ u d h ' kfDr & gekjsl a fo/ ku esadq N fof/ cuk l drh gS A
i zko/ ku , slsgS] ft uesal a
a ' kks/u dsfy, t : jhgSfd l a ln 2- i z'kkl fud l a ca/ ( v uq PNsn 256 l s263 r d ) & dsa nz
}kjk fo' ks"k cgq er dsv k/ kj i j i kfjr i zLrko dksde l s dkjkT; i j i w . kZi z'kkl fud fu; a =k.kgksrkgS Abl fu; a =k.kds
de v k/ sjkT; ksadsfo/ kuea Myksa}kjkLohdkj fd; kt k, xkA eq [ ; mi dj.k jkT; i ky] v f[ ky Hkkjrh; l sok , oafofHkUu
5- fuokZ p u l caa/ h' kfDr & jkT; dhfo/ ku l HkkdsfuokZ fpr i zf/ dj.kgS A
a
l nL; ] jk"Vi fr] jkT; l Hkk] jkT; fo/ ku i fj"kn dsl nL; ksa 3- fokh; l a ca / ( Hkkx&12 v uq PNsn 264 l s291 r d )
v kfn dsfuokZ pu esaHkkx ysrsgS A
a
la ?k o jkT; ksadse; j kt Lo d k foHkkt u ew y r %5
jkT; fo/ ku ea Myksa( fo/ ku l Hkk , oafo/ ku i fj"kn~ ) dk i zd kj l sgksrk gS &
la ;qDr v f/ os'ku cq y kusdk dksbZi zko/ ku ughagS A i zFke J s.kh& esav uU; : i l sl a ?kdsjkt Lo l zksrksadksj[ kk
-29- j kT; l a c/a ( Hkkx&11 , oa12 v kS j v uqPNsn 245 t kl drkgS A; sdj l a ?k}kjkyxk, o ol w y fd; st krsgS A
a
l s293 r d ) bl jkt Lo dk i z;ksx l a ?k Lo; adjrk gS Abl esav kusokys
Hkkjr l a ?kdsdsa nz&jkT; l a ca / rhu oxksesaoxhZ r fd; sx, i zeq[ k dj gS &l hek ' kq
a Yd] fons'kh .k] fuxe dj] fu; kZ r
gS a
% & ' kqYd] v k; dj i j v f/ Hkkj] jsy ] fjt oZcS d ] ' ks;j ckt kj
a
1- fo/ k; h l a c/a ( v uq PNsn 245&255) & rFkkf"kHkw fe NksM+ d j v U; l a i fki j l ai nk' kq Yd v kfnA
Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku dhl krohav uq lw phesadsa nz, oajkT; ksadh nw l j hJ s.kh& bl dsv a r xZr jkT; ksa}kjkyxk, o ol w y st kus
fo/ k; h ' kfDr; ksadscVokjsl sl a caf/ r rhu l w ph nh xbZ okysdjksadksj[ kk t k l drk gS A bl dsi zeq [ k mnkgj.k
gS &1- l a?k l wph] 2- jkT; l w ph v kSj 3- l eorhZl w phA gS &Hkw
a &jkt Lo] foKki u i j dj] mkjkf/ dkj ' kq Yd] euksja tu
bl dsv frfjDr dq N , slsHkh fo"k; gS ] ft udk mYys[k
a dj] fo; dj] f"k Hkw fe i j v k; dj] [ kfut dj]
la fo/ ku dhl krohav uq lw phea sughafd; k x; k gS Abu i j fo| q r dsmi ; ksx i j dj] i Fk dj] okgu i j pq xh] l a
a i nk
fof/ fuekZ . k dk v f/ dkj dsoy l a ?k dksfn; k x; k gS A; s ' kqYd v kfnA
' kfDr; kv of' k"V ' kfDr; kdgykrhgS A r hl j h J s.kh& esa, slsdjksadksj[ kk t k l drk gSt ksfd
v uq PNsn 249 dsv uq l kj ; fn jkT; l Hkk v i usnks&frgkbZ yxk, rksl a ?k}kjkt krsgS aysfdu budksjkT; l a xzghr djrs
cgq er l sfdl hfo"k; dksjk"Vh; egRo dk?kksf"kr dj ns gS arFkk i z;ksx djrsgS abl Hkkx esafofue; i =kksai j LVka i
rksl a l n ml fo"k; i j fof/ cuk l dsxhAysfdu l a ?k dh ' kqYd] v kS "kf/ ; ko Ja xkj l kefxz;ksai j mRikn ' kq Yd v kfn
fof/ ek=k , d o"kZrd ghfof/ ekU; jgsxhAbl sl a l n gj v krsgS A
a
ckj , d o"kZdsfy, c<+ k l drh gS Al a l n dksv Hkh rd pr q FkZJ s.kh& esamu djksadksj[ kk t k l drk gSt ksfd
, d ckj 1950 esa; g ' kfDr jkT; l Hkk usi znku dh gS A yxk, o l a xzghr rksl a ?k}kjkfd; st krsgS ] ysfdu i zkfIr; ksa
a
bl dk i z;ksx djdsl a l n usO;ki kj v kS j okf.kT; l a ca/h dksjkT; ksadse; forfjr dj fn; k t krk gS Abl Hkkx esa

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
f"k Hkwfe l sfHkUu l a i fk dsmkjkf/ dkjh dsl a ca/ esa Hkkjrh; l a ?k dsl Hkh jkT; ksads eq [ ; ea=kh rFkk ; kst uk
' kY
qd] f"kHkw fe l sfHkUu l a i fkdsl a ca/ esal a
i nk&' kq
Yd] v k; ksx dsl Hkh l nL; bl dsi nsu l nL; gksrsgS A
a
jsy HkkM+
ksavkjSeky HkkM+ ksai j dj] l ekpkj&i =kka sds; v kS j i fj"kn~dsdk; ZfuEufyf[ kr gS &
a
muesai zd kf' kr foKki uksai j dj bR;kfnA ( d) jk"Vh; ; kst uk dh i zxfr i j l e; &l e; i j fopkj djukA
p ohJ s.kh& esa, slsdj v krsgS
i ka at ksfd yxk, o l a xzghr ( [ k) jk"Vh; fodkl dksi zHkkfor djusokyh v kfFkZ d rFkk
rksl a
?kds}kjkfd; st krsgS ] ysfdu budksjkT; o dsa
a nzds l kekft d uhfr; ksa &l aca/ h fo"k; ksai j fopkj djukA
e; forfjr dj fn; k t krk gS abl oxZesaf"k v k; l s
( x) jk"Vh; ; kst uk dsfu/ kZ fjr y{; ksarFkk ms'; ksadhi zkfIr ds
d sa
nzv kS j j kT; d sl a ca / i j v k; ksx fy, l q >ko nsukA
l fefr @
v k; ksx LFkki uk o"kZ 32- v a r j kZ
T; h; i fj "kn~( v uq PNsn 263)
i z'kkl fud l q
/ kj v k; ksx ( l hryokM+
h l fefr) 1966 va r jkZT; h; i fj"kn~fuEu dk; Zdjsxh&
jkt eUukj l gk; l fefr 1969 ( d) og jkT; ksadse; mRiUu fooknksadht ka p djsxhv kS j ml
Hkxoku l gk; l fefr & i j i jke' kZi znku djsxhA
l gdkfj; kv k; ksx 1983 ( [ k) dq N ; k l Hkh jkT; ksads ; k l a ?k ; k v f/ d jkT; ksads
f}rh; i z'kkl fud l q
/ kj v k; ksx 2005 i kjLi fjd fgr l sl a ca fo"k; ksadkv uq la
/ ku v kS j ml i j
fopkj&foe' kZdjsxhA
iw
a
t hv k; ksx 2007
( x) , slsfdl hfo"k; dsckjsesav PNsl eUo; dsgsrquhfr ; k
fHkUu v k; i j dj] mRikn ' kq Yd v kfn v krsgS ]ai ja
r qjkt Lo
dk; Z okfg; ksadhfl i Q kfj' k djsxhA
esaca Vokjsdsckn HkhjkT; ksadhv kfFkZ d fLFkfr l a r ks"kt ud
ughajgrh gS A jkt eUukj l fefr dhfl i Q kfj' kdsv k/ kj i j t w u 1990 esa
jk"Vi fr }kjkva r jkZ
T; h; i fj"kn dhLFkki ukdhxbZ ] ft l dh
30- ; kst uk v k; ksx
i gyh cS Bd 10 v DVw cj] 1990 dksgq bZFkhA
v kfFkZ d fu; kst u dsdk; ZdksHkyh i zd kj l a i Uu djusds
fy, 15 ekpZ ] 1950 dksdsa nzh; eaf=kea
My }kjk i zLrkfor va r jkZT; h; i fj"kn~esafuEu l nL; gksrsgS Ai /zkuea
a =kh rFkk
i zLrko ds}kjk ; kst uk v k; ksx dh LFkki uk dh xbZ A N% dS fcusV Lrj dsea =kh] l HkhjkT; ksa; k l a ?k jkT; {ks=kksads
eq [ ; ea =kh , oaft u l a ?k {ks=kksaesafo/ ku l Hkk ughagS ] muds
; ks t uk v ; ksx , d xS j &l a
oS / kfud fudk; gS A
i z'kkl dAbl dh v ; {krk i z/kuea =kh djrsgS A
; ks t uk v k; ksx dk v ; {k i z/kuea =kh gksrk gSrFkk dsa nzh;
va r jkZT; h; i fj"kn~dsfy, , d LFkk; h l fpoky; LFkkfi r
xgea =kh] j{kk ea
=kh, oafok ea =khbl dsv a ' kdkfyd l nL;
fd; k x; k gS A
gksrsgS A
a
33- l a ?k , oaj kT; d sv / hu l sok; a s
31- j k"Vh; fod kl i fj "kn~
v f[ ky Hkkj r h; l sok& ( v uq PNsn 312) ; g jk"Vh; Lrj
; ks t ukdsfuekZ . kesajkT; ksadhHkkxhnkjhgksuhpkfg, A bl
dhl sok gS Abl l sok dsl nL; ksadhfu; q fDr jk"Vi fr }kjk
fopkj dksLohdkj djrsgq , l jdkj ds, d i L zrko }kjk6
dh t krh gS ] t cfd l sok dh v U; ' krs ]la ca/ h jkT; }kjk
v xLr] 1952 dksjk"Vh; fodkl i fj"kn~dk xBu fd; kA
fu/ kZ fjr dht krhgS AorZ eku esarhu v f[ ky Hkkjrh; l sok,
jk"Vh; fodkl i fj"kn dsfuEu ms ' ; gS&
gS ] ft l esanks Lora
a =krk dsl e; l sgh fo| eku gS ] ;s
a
( d) ; kst ukvk; ksx dhl gk; rkdsfy, jk"Vdsl zksrksavkS j gS &Hkkjrh; i z'kkl fud l sok(IAS) , oaHkkjrh; i q
a fyl l sok
l k/ uksadk l eq fpr mi ; ksx djuk rFkk mudksxfr' khy (IPS) rFkk Hkkjrh; ou l s ok (IFS) dks1986 esa' kkfey
cukukA fd; kx; kA
( [ k) ns'k dsl Hkh Hkkxksaesarhoz, oal a rqfyr fodkl ds da snzh; l sok& dsa nzh; l sok jk"Vh; Lrj dh gS ] t ksdsoy
fy, i z;kl djukA Hkkjr l a ?k dsfy, gS Al a l n bl l sok esafu; q fDr rFkkl sok
iz / kuea =khbl i fj"kn dkv ; {kgksrkgSrFkk; kst ukv k; ksx dh' krksdsl a ca/ esadkuw u cukrhgS Abl l sokdsdeZ pkjh
dk l fpo gh bl dk Hkh l fpo gksrk gS A jk"Vi fr dsi zlkni ; r v i usi n i j cusjgrsgS A
a
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
j kT; l sok& ; g l sokdsoy jkT; dsfy, gksrhgS Abl l sok i zorZ u esajgrhgSv kS j ; fn bl nkS j ku bl sl a
l n dsnks&frgkbZ
esafu; q fDr jkT; i ky }kjk dh t krh gSrFkk bl l sok ds cgq er l sv uq eksfnr djokfy; kt krkgSrksog 6 ekg rd
l nL; jkT; i ky dsi zlkni ; r v i usi n i j cusjgrsgS A
a i zorZ u esajgrhgS Al al n bl si q u%bl hfof/ l s6 ekg ds
y ksd l sok v k; ksx& ( v uq PNsn 315) Hkkjr esayksd l sok fy, c<+ k l drh gS A
v k; ksx dhLFkki uk1919 dsHkkjr l jdkj v f/ fu; e rFkk ; fn yksd l Hkk dh dq y l nL; l a [ ; k 1@10 l nL; v ki kr
1924 dsfof/ v k; ksx dsfl i Q kfj' kdsv k/ kj i j l oZ i zFke mn?kks"k.kkdksoki l ysusokysl a d Yi dksi zLrkfor djusds
1926 esadh xbZ A; g , d l a oS / kfud fudk; gS A v i usv k' k; dh l w puk] l =k py jgk gksrksyksd l Hkk
la ?k yksd l sok v k; ksx dsv ; {k , oal nL; ka sdh fu; q fDr v ; {kv kS j ughapy jgkgksrksjk"Vi fr dksnsrsgSrks, slh
v kSj ml dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k fu/ kZj .k djusdh ' kfDr lw puk dsi zkIr gksusds14 fnu dsHkhrj yksd l Hkk dh
jk"Vi fr dksgS AorZ eku esabl dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k 10 gS A cS Bd v k; ksft r dht k, xhA
la ?kyksd l sokv k; ksx dsv ; {krFkkl nL; ka sdhfu; q fDr ; fn yksd l Hkk l k/ kj.k cgq er l sv ki kr mn?kks"k.kk dks
6 o"kZdsfy, dh t krh gS A; fn og 6 o"kk sdsv a nj 65 oki l ysusdk i zLrko i kfjr dj nsrh gS ] rksjk"Vi fr ml s
a
o"kZv k; qi jwh dj ysrk gSrksog i n l seq Dr gkst krk gS A oki l ysusdsfy, ck; gksrk gS A
jkT; yksd l sokv k; ksx dsv ; {krFkkl nL; ka sdhfu; q fDr jk"Vh; v ki kr dh mn?kks"k.kk l a iw. kZns'k ; k ns'k dsfdl h
jkT; i ky }kjkdht krhgS ] ysfdu l a ;q
Dr yksd l sokv k; ksx , d l eL; kxzLr {ks=kdsfy, dht kl drhgS Av FkkZ
r ~l a
iw
. kZ
dsv ; {krFkkl nL; ksadhfu; q fDr jk"Vi fr }kjkdht krh ns'k esabl sykxwdjusdh v fuok; Z r k ughagS A
gSA j k"Vh; v ki kr d hmn~ ?kks"k. kk d k i zHkko& ( 1) jkT; dh
jkT; yksd l sokvk; ksx dsv; {kdkdk; Z d ky 6 o"kZvf/ dk; Z i kfydk ' kfDr l a ?kh; dk; Z i kfydkdsv / hu gkst krh
dre v k; q62 o"kZgS A gS ] fda r qjkT; l jdkj fuya fcr ughadht krhgS A( 2) l a ln
bl v k; ksx dsv ; {k, oal nL; v i ukR;kxi =k l kS i rsgS
a A
a dksjkT; l w phi j dkuw u cukusdkv f/ dkj i zkIr gkst krk
l kFk gh l kfcr dpknkj , oav l eFkZ r k dsv k/ kj i j bl s gS A( 3) v uq PNsn 358 dsv uq l kj v uq PNsn 19 esaof.kZ r
jk"Vi fr fuya fcr Hkh dj l drk gS A ekS fyd v f/ dkj Lor%fuya fcr gkst krk gSv kS j v uq PNsn
j kT; d k egkf/ oDr k& ( v uq PNsn 165) i zR;d s jkT; dk 359 dsv uq l kj jk"Vi fr v uq PNsn 20 v kS j 21 dksNksM+ dj
jkT; i ky mPp U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k fu; q Dr gksus; ksX; l eLr ekS fyd v f/ dkj fuya fcr dj l drk gS A ( 4)
O;fDr dksjkT; dk egkf/ oDrk fu; q Dr djrk gS A og jk"Vi fr da snzv kS j jkT; ksadsfokh; l a ca
/ esai fjorZ u dj
jkT; i ky dsi zlkn i ; r v i uk i n / kj.k djrk gS A og l drk gS A
fokku ea My dkl nL; ughagksrkAml sl nuksadhdk; Z okgh j k"Vh; v ki kr d hmn~ ?kks"k. kk& v c rd rhu ckj gq bZgS
&
a
esaHkkx ysusrFkk cksy usdk v f/ dkj gksrk gS ] i jar qml s 1- i gyhckj 26 v DVw cj 1962 dksphuhv ke.k dsl e;
erkf/ dkj i zkIr ughagksrk gS A ck v ke.k dsv k/ kj i j jk"Vh; v ki kr dh?kks"k.kkdh
34- v ki kr mi ca / xbZ ] ft l s10 t uojh 1968 dksoki l fy; k x; kA
Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku esarhu i zd kj dsv ki krdky dk mi ca / 2- nwl jhckj 13 fnl a cj 1971 dksi kfdLrku dsv ke.k ds
gS&( 1) jk"Vh; v ki kr ( v uq
a PNsn 352) ] ( 2) jk"Vi fr l e; ck vke.kdsv k/ kj i j jk"Vh; v ki kr dh?kks"k.kk
' kkl u ( v uqPNsn 356) v kS j ( 3) fokh; v ki kr ( v uq PNsn dh x; hA
360) A 3- rhl jhckj 26 t w u 1975 dksv ka r fjd v ' kkafr dhv ' ka dk
j k"Vh; v ki kr & bl dh ?kks"k.kk ; q ] ck v ke.k , oa dsv k/ kj i j jk"Vh; v ki kr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
l ' kL=kfonzksg dhfLFkfr esaea f=kea My dhfyf[ kr fl i Q kfj' k
nwl jh v kS j rhl jh mn~ ?kks"k.kk 21 ekpZ1977 dks, d l kFk
i j jk"Vi fr }kjkfd; kt kl drkgS A44osal a ' kk/su ( 1978)
oki l ysfy; k x; kA
dsv uq l kj jk"Vh; v ki kr dhmn?kks"k.kkv ka r fj d v ' kka fr
j kT; esaj k"Vi fr ' kkl u ( v uq PNsn 365) & jkT; ksaesa
dsv k/ kj i j ughacfYd dsoy l ' kL=k fonzksg dsv k/ kj
la oS / kfud ra =k foi Q y gkst kusi j jk"Vi fr v ki kr fLFkfr
i j fd; kt k, xkA
dh?kks"k.kkdj l drkgS Ajk"Vi fr }kjkbl ' kfDr dki z;ksx
jk"Vi fr }kjk dh xbZv ki kr dh mn~ ?kks"k.kk , d ekg rd U;kf; d i q ufoZ y ksd u dsv / hu gS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
jkT; esav ki kr ?kks"k.kk dsckn l a ?k U;kf; d dk; ZNksM+ dj v uqlw
ph 11 dk i zko/ ku fd; k x; k v kS
j ia
pk; rksadks
jkT; i z'kkl u dsl eLr dk; ksdksv i usgkFkesaysysrkgS ] lafokkfud ekU;rk i znku dh xbZ
A
ft l dk l p akyu jkT; i ky }kjk fd; k t krk gS A 73ok l a
fo/ ku d h fo' ks"kr k
jkT; es av ki kr mn~ ?kks"k.kkdhv of/ nksekl gksrhgS Abl l s
v f/ d dsfy, l a l n l sv uq eksnu djukgksrkgSrc ; g 6 ia
p k; r h j kt d sfy , xfBr l fefr ; k
ekg dhgksrhgS Ayxkrkj v f/ dre rhu o"kZrd ; g , d cyoa
r jk; esgrk l fefr 1957
jkT; dsi zorZ u esajg l drh gS A, d o"kZl sv kxsfoLrkj v ' kksd esgrk l fefr 1977
djusokyk l a d Yi i kfjr djrsl e; nks' krsi w j h gksuh
i h-oh-dsjk; l fefr 1985
v fuok; ZgS ] ; sgS
a av ki kr fLFkfr ykxwgks; kfuokZ pu v k; ksx
pq uko djkusesav l eFkZgksA , y-, e-fl a
?kohl fefr 1986
l oZ i zFke jk"Vi fr ' kkl u i a t kc esa 20 t w u 1951 dks i h-ds- Fkq
xu l fefr
a 1988
ea f=kea My dsi ru dsdkj.kykxwgq v kAml dsckn e' k% 64ok l a
fo/ ku l a
' kks/u 1984
i sIl w( 1953) ] v ka / zi zns'k( 1954) v kS j dsjy ( 1956) esa
73ok l a
fo/ ku l a
' kks/u 1993
ykxwgq v kA
l okZ f/ d l e; rd v uq PNsn 356 dk i z;ksx i a t kc esagh
gq v k gS A( 11 t w u 1987 l s25 i Q jojh 1992) rd) A fofHkUu j kT; ksaesai a
p k; r l fefr d suke
l cl sv f/ d ckj v uq PNsn 356 dki z;ksx mkj i zns'k rFkk fcgkj] egkjk"V] i a
t kc] jkt LFkku ia
pk; r l fefr
dsjy ( 9 ckj) v kS j l cl sde egkjk"V] fet kjse] es?kky; v ka
/ zi zns'k ea
My i a
pk; r
rFkk v : .kkpy ( dsoy , d ckj) esagq v k gS
A
rfeyukMq ia
pk; r ; fwu; u
fokh; v ki kr ( v uq PNsn 360) & bl dh mn?kks"k.kk dks
fdl h l e; oki l ysl drk gS A oS l sHkh v c rd bl i - ca
xky] v l e v ka
pfyd i fj"kn~
v ki kr dh ?kks"k.kk , d ckj Hkh ughagq bZgSA mkj i zsn' k {ks=k l fefr
fokh; v ki kr d k i zHkko e; i zns'k t ui n i a
pk; r
jk"Vi fr v kfFkZ d nf"V l sfdl hHkhjkT; l jdkj dksfunsZ 'k dukZ
Vd rkyqd k MosyesaV cksMZ
nsl drk gS
jk"Vi fr dksNks M+d j l Hkhdsosru , oaHkksesadehdht k bl ds}kjk l a fo/ ku dsHkkx 9 esa16 v uq PNsn , oa11oha
l drh gS A v uqlwph esa29 fof"k; ' kkfey fd; k x; kA
jk"Vi fr ds nzrFkkjkT; ksaesa/ u l a
a ca/ hfoHkkt u dsi zko/ kuksa iapk; rhjkt l a LFkkdsi zR;sd Lrj esa, d&frgkbZLFkkuksai j
esav ko' ; d l a ' kks/u dj l drk gS A efgykv ksadsfy, v kj{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh xbZgS Afda rq
jk"Vi fr dks; g v f/ dkj i z kIr gkst krk gSfd og jkT; fcgkj ( l oZ i zFke) ] e; i zns'k] mkjk[ ka
M v kfn jkT; }kjk
l jdkjksadks; g funsZ ' knsfd jkT; dsl eLr fokfo/ s;d efgykv ksadks50 v kj{k.k fn; k t k jgk gS A
ml dh Lohfr l sfo/ ku l Hkk esai zLrq r fd, t k, a A bl dk dk; Z d ky i kp o"kksdk gS A
35- Hkkj r esai a p k; r h j kt ft u jkT; ksadht ul a [ ; k20 yk[ kl sde gSogknksLrjh;
ia pk; rh jkt dh ' kq : v kr Lora =k Hkkjr esal oZ i zFke 2 v kS
j t gk 20 yk[ k l sv f/ d gSogk f=k&Lrjh; i a pk; rh
v DVw cj 1959 dksjkt LFkku dsukxkS j ft yk esai z/kuea =kh jkT; dh LFkki uk dh t k, xhA
usg: }kjk fd; k x; kA bl dsckn 1959 esav ka / zi zns'k] iapk; r O;oLFkk dsv a r xZ
r l cl sfupysLrj i j xzkel Hkk
1960 esav l e] rfeyukMq ] , oadukZ Vd v kS j 1962 esa gksrhgSA
egkjk"Vesai a pk; rhjkt dk xBu gq v kA jkT; dh l a fpr fuf/ l sbu i a pk; rksadksv uqnku nsusdh
i h-ds - Fkqxu l fefr dsv k/ kj i j 73ok l a
a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u O;oLFkk gS A
fd; k x; k] ft l dk l a ca
/ ia pk; rh jkt l sgS Abl ds}kjk jkT; fokv k; ksx dhfl i Q kfj' ki j i a
pk; r dks/ u mi yC/
la fo/ ku l sHkkx 9 v uq PNsn 243 ( d l s.k rd) rFkk djk; k t krk gS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
Lr j l japuk eq [ ; v f/ d kj h fuokZ pu dkj l eku gksaxsrFkkml ds}kjkdksbZHkhfu.kZ ; cgq er }kjk
xzke Lrj xzke i a pk; r i z/ku eq
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laji a
p i zR;{k fy; kt k, xkA
i z[ka
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ak; r l fefr i zeq[k vi zR;{k eq[ ; pq uko v k; qDr dh dk; Z of/ 6 o"kZ; k 65 o"kZ, oa
ft yk Lrj ft yki fj"kn v ; {k@ps;ueS u vi zR;{k v U; v k; qDr dkdk; Z of/ 6 o"kZ; k62 o"kZ ] t ksi gysgks]
rc rd gksxkA
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jkt ( v f/ fu; e) dk fuekZ . k fd; k x; kA eq[ ; pquko v k; qDr , oav U; pq uko v k; q
Dr dkosru Hkkjr
dh l a fpr fuf/ l sfn; k t krk gS A
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l jdkj }kjk enzkl esadh xbZ A fuokZpu v k; ksx , d l aoS/ kfud fudk; gS A
74ok l 'akks / u v f/ fu; e }kjk l a fo/ ku esaHkkx&9 ( d) ] fuokZ & ( 1) pq
p u v k; ksx d sd k; Z uko ernkrkl w phrS ; kj
v uqPNsn 243 ( r l s; N rd) , oa12ohav uq lwph t ksM+ h djokuk] ( 2) pq uko {ks=kka
s dk i fjl heu djuk] ( 3)
x; hAbl l a ' kks/u dk l a ca/ uxji kfydk l sgS A jkt uhfr nyksadksjk"Vh; ] jkT; Lrjh; ] xS
j &ekU;rki zkIr , oa
74ok l 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e d h fo' ks"kr k% & fuokZ
p u i zf; k esafuokZ
pu r a
=k d k v ; ; u d j usd s
uxji kfydk rhu i z d kj dh gksxh& fy , xfBfr l fefr ; k
1- uxj i fj "kn~ & , slkxzkeh.k{ks=kt ksuxj {ks=kesai fjofrZ r gks l fefr o"kZ fo"k; &oLr q
jgk gks] ft l dh t ul a [ ; k 10]000 l s20]000 rd gksA 1- rkjoqQ
aMsl fefr 1974 fuokZ
pu l q / kj
2- uxj i fj "kn& NksVsuxj {ks=k dsfy, ] ft l dh t ul a [;k ( v ukS
i pkfjd l fefr) gsrqv ; ; u
20]000 l s3 yk[ k rd gksA 2- fnus'kxksLokeh 1990 fuokZ
pu l q
/ kj
3- uxj fuxe& cM+ s{ks=kdsfy, ft l dht ul a [ ; krhu yk[ k l fefr
l sv f/ d gksA 3- oksgjk l fefr 1993 v i jk/ rFkk
efgykv ks adsfy, , d&frgkbZ( orZ eku esadq N jkT; 50) jkt uhfr dschp
v kj{k.k dh O;oLFkkA l kBxkaB
vuq lw fpr t kfr , oat ut kfr; ksadsfy, vkj{k.kdhO ; oLFkkA 4- ba
nzt hr xq
Irk l fefr 1998 l jdkjh [ kpZ
uxjh; l a LFkkv ksadhv of/ i kp o"kZgksxhv kjSfo?kVu dh i j pq
uko
fLFkfr esaN%ekg dsv a nj pq uko djuk v ko' ; d gksxkA
5- Va
d kv k; ksx 2010 laiw
. kZfuokZ
pu
uxj okMks esacka V fn; k t krk gS AokMZi k"kZ nksaesal segki kS j dkuwu rFkk
dk fuokZ pu fd; k t krk gS Aegki kS j fdl h uxj dk i zFke fuokZpu ds
ukxfjd gksrkgS A v ; ; u gsrq
uksV% & 25 v i zS y 1993 l s73okv kS j 1t w u 1993 l s74ok
l 'akks/u v f/ fu; e i zorZ u esagS A bl dsv ykok fuEu v k; ksxksadk mYys[k egRoi w . kZgS
&
a
37- fuokZ p u v k; ksx ( Hkkx 15] v uq PNsn 324 l s329) 1- fuokZ pu fof/ i j Hkkjrh; fof/ v k; ksx dh fji ksVZ
fuokZ pu v k; ksx dk xBu eq [ ; v k; q Dr , oa, sls v U; ( 1999)
fuokZopu v k; q Drksal sfd; kt krkgS ] ft l dkl a [ ; kfu/ kZj .k 2- , e-, u-csa d VpYyS; k dh v ; {krk esal a fo/ ku ds
v kS
j fu; qfDr jk"Vi fr }kjk fd; k t krk gS A dk; kZ Uo; u dhl eh{kkdsfy, xfBr jk"Vh; v k; ksx
1993 l si o wZpq uko v k; ksx , d l nL; h; FkkA 1993 esa ( 2000&2002)
eq[ ; fuokZ pu vk; q Dr rFkkv U; fuokZ pu v k; qDr v f/ fu; e 3- i zLrkfor fuokZ pu l q/ kjksai j fuokZ pu v k; ksx dh
1991 esal a ' kks/u fd; k x; k v kS j rhu l nL; h; pq uko fji ksVZ( 2004)
v k; ksx dk i zko/ ku fd; k x; kA 4- ' kkl u esauS frdrki j ohjIi k eksbyhdhv ; {krkesa
xfBr f}rh; i z'kkl fud l q / kj v k; ksx ( 2007)
eq [ ; fuokZ pu v k; q Dr v kS j v U; fuokZ pu v k; q Drksadsv f/
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
ia t hr ny ds: i esaekU;rk nsuk] ( 4) jkt uhfrd nyksa ; g i z.kkyhi gyhckj i zkIr jl hn dsv k/ kj i j ernkrkdks
dks v kjf{kr pq uko fpUg i znku djuk] ( 5) jk"Vi fr] v i usoksVksadkspq ukSr h nsusdh v uq efr nsrh gS A u; sfu; e ds
mi jk"Vi fr] l a l n v kS j jkT; fo/ ku l Hkkv ka s dk pq uko v uq l kj ernku dsa nz ds i hBkl hu v f/ dkjh dks ernkrk dh
djokuk] ( 6) jkt uhfrd nyksadsfy, v kpkj l a fgrkrS ; kj v Lohfr nt ZdjuhgksxhrFkkbl v Lohfr dhfxurhdsl e;
djuk] ( 7) mEehnokjksa}kjk fd; st kusokyspq ukoh O;; ; ku esaj[ kuk gksxkA
dh jkf' k&fuf' pr djuk] ( 8) pq uko v k; ksx jk"Vi fr dks Hkkjr l jdkj us14 v xLr] 2013 dh , d v f/ l w puk ds
la l n l nL; ksadhv ; ksX; rkv ksadsl a ca/ ea sv kS j jkT; i ky dks t fj, pq uko djkusl a ca / hfu; e] 1961 dksl a ' kksf/ r fd; kAbl l s
fo/ ku ea My dsl nL; ksadh v k; ksX; rkv ksads l a / esa fuokZ
ca pu v k; ksx dksbysDVkW fud oksfVa x e' khu dsl kFk ohohi hVh
i jke' kZnsrkgS A dsbLrseky dk v f/ dkj feykA fl ra cj 2013 esaukxkyS M ds
a
ny cny v f/ fu; e 1985% & i z/kuea =kh jkt ho xka / h ds Rosul kax esauksd l su fo/ kul Hkk fuokZ pu {ks=k dsfy, bZ oh, e ds
' kkl udky esany&cny jksd usdsfy, 1985 esal a fo/ ku l kFk ohohi h, Vh dk i z;ksx fd; k x; kA
esa52okl 'akks/u fd; kx; kv kS j la fo/ ku esa10ohav uq lwph mPpre U;k; ky; usv DVw cj 2013 esal q czk.; e Lokeh
dk l t u fd; k x; kAny&cny dk v a fre fu.kZ ; ysusdk cuke Hkkjr fuokZ pu v k; ksx ekeysesaO;oLFkk nsrsgq , dgk fd
v f/ dkj l a cfa/ r l nu dsv ; {k, oal Hkki fr dksgS Abl esa ohohi h, Vh Lora =k rFkk fu"i {k pq ukoksadsfy, v i fjgk; ZgSrFkk
lq / kj dsfy, i q u%2003 esa91ok l a ' kks/u fd; k x; kA Hkkjr fuokZ pu v k; ksx dksohohi h, Vhi z.kkyhdhl q fuf' pr djus
by s DVkW fud er nku e' khu& bl dk fuekZ . k Hkkjr l jdkj dsfy, bZ oh, e dksohohi h, Vhl st ksM+ usdkfunsZ ' kfn; kAmPpre
dsnksmi eksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS &( 1) Hksy v kS j ( 2) U;k; ky; ksausfuokZ pu v k; ksx dks2014 dsv ke pq ukoksadsfy,
Hkkjr bysDVkW fud dkW j i ksjs'ku v kW i Qba fM; kA pj.kc rjhdsl sbZ oh, e esai zkfIr jl hn ykxwdjusrFkk bl ds
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A
t ksM+h xbZ A ft l l sernku dsfy, bysDVkW fud e' khu ds fuokZpu v k; ksx usfnYYkhfo/ ku l Hkkpq uko esa1]18]596
i z;ksx dksoS / rk i znku dh xbZ A
xks ok, slki gykjkT; gSt gkl oZ i zFke i wj sjkT; esapq uko esa fuokZ p u [ kpZd h l hek esaof
bysDVkW fud e' khu dk i z;ksx gq v kA fuokZpu i zf; k l a pkyu v f/ fu; e 1961 dsv UrxZ r dsUnz
bys DVkWfud e' khu dk l oZ i zFke i z;ksx 1982 ea sdsjy dss l jdkj uscM+ sjkT; ksadhyksd l Hkkl hVksadsfy, fuokZ pu [ kpZ
i k: j fo/ kul HkkfuokZ pu {ks=kds50 ernku dsa nzksai j fd; k dhl hek c<+ kdj 40 yk[ k : i , dj nhgS Av U; jkT; ksarFkk
x; kFkkA dsUnz' kkfl r i zns'kksaesa; g l hek 16 yk[ k : i , l s40 yk[ k
ohohi h, Vh : i , rd j[ khxbZgS Abl hrjg cM+ sjkT; ksadsfo/ kul Hkk{ks=kksa
ernkrk i zkIrh jl hn ; kuh oksVj osfji Q k; M i sij v kW fMV dsfy, ; g l hek16 yk[ k: i , rd j[ khxbZgS Av U; jkT; ksa
o dsUnz' kkfl r i zns'kksadsfy, ; g l hek8 yk[ k: i , l s16
Vk; y ( ohohi h, Vh) eri =k jfgr ernku i z.kkyh dk bLrseky
yk[ k : i , dschp j[ kh xbZgS A
djrsgq , ernkrkv ksadksi Q hMcS d nsusdkrjhdkgS Abl dkms';
boh, e dhLora =ki qf"V gS A; g O;oLFkkernkrk dksbl ckr dh j k"Vh; er nkr k fnol
i fq"V djusdh v uq efr nsrhgSfd ml dh bPNkuq l kj er i M+ k gS jk"Vh; ernkrk fnol dh ' kq : v kr 25 t uojh] 2011 dks
; k ughA a bl soksV cnyus; k oksVksadksu"V djusl sjksd usds Hkkjrh; fuokZ pu v k; ksx }kjk dh xbZFkhAl u~1950 esa25
v frfjDr mi k; ds: i esabLrseky fd; k t krk gS A t uojh dksgh fuokZ pu v k; ksx v fLrRo esav k; k Fkk t ksfd
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1833 dspkVZ j , DV dsrgr 1834 esaxfBr fd; kx; kFkk dk v ; ; u djusokyh l Ppj l fefr usl eku v ol j
ft l dkv ; {kykW MZeSd kysdkscuk; kx; kFkkAbl v k; ksx v k; ksx xfBr djusdh fl i Q kfj' k dh FkhA
usfof/ l a fgrk] v ki jkf/ d i zf; k l a fgrk , oa, slsv U; l eku v ol j v k; ksx ds xBu dh fl i Q kfj' k l a i zx&1
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dhxbZ AHkkjrh; fl foy i zf; kl a fgrk] Hkkjr djkj fu; e] , slkfudk; LFkkfi r djusdhi zf; k' kq : dhft l esal Hkh
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1955 esai zFke fof/ v k; ksx dk xBu fd; k x; kA v Yi l a [ ; dksadsfy, l eku v ol j v k; ksx xfBr djusdk
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U;k; ky; ds l sokfuok U;k; k/ h' k bl ds v ; {k gksa xsA i zsn' kksadsfy, l a l nh; fof/ }kjk fo/ kuea Myksadk xBu
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ughagksxk] gkyka fd bl dsi kl nhokuhv nkyr dsv f/ dkj 15 okl a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1963& U;k; k/ h' kksadhl sokfuofk
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f' k{kk esav Yi l a [ ; dksadsl kFk HksnHkko i j yxke yxkuk v [ ka Mrk dsfgr esaew y v f/ dkjksai j i zfrca / yxkusl s
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v Yi l a [ ; dksadksjgus; k [ kjhn dk v f/ dkj nsusl sba d kj 17 okl a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1964& bl dsv uq l kj fut h[ ksrh
djusl sl a cfa/ r f' kdk; rksai j ; ku nsusdhckr dghxbZ dsv/ hu Hkw fe dkv f/ xzg.krc rd ughafd; kt kl drk
gSAl eku v ol j v k; ksx v Yi l a [ ; d l eq nk; ksadsyksxksadh t c rd fd i zfri w frZds: i esabl dkckt kj ew Y; u fn; k
l jdkjh, t fsal ; ksa}kjkHksnHkko l a ca/ hf' kdk; rka sdkfui Vkjk t k; A
djsxkAbl dh Hkw fedk l ykgdkj dh gksxh v kjSv kS j fut h 24 okl a ' kks/u v f/ fu; e] 1971& bl esadgkx; kfd l a ln
, t fsal ; kabl dsv f/ dkj {ks=k esaughagksa xsA dksew y v f/ dkjksal fgr l a fo/ ku dsfdl h Hkh Hkkx esa
v k; ks x ;gl q fuf' pr djusdki z;kl djsxk fd fdl hHkh la ' kks/u djusdh ' kfDr gS A
v Yi l a [ ; d l eq nk; dsl kFk/ eZdsv k/ kj i j HksnHkko u 26 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1971& Hkkjrh; fj; kl rksads
gksAv k; ksx jkst xkj] f' k{kk] LokLF; ] v kokl .k bR;kfn ' kkl dksadsfi zohi l Zv kS j fo' ks"kkf/ dkjksadksl ekIr fd; k
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41- l a fo/ ku esai zeq [ kl a ' kks/ u 42 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1976& ; g l a ' kk/su v c rd
1 la ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1951& v uq PNsn 19 esafn, x, i kfjr l Hkhl a ' kks/uksaesacM+ kgS] bl fy, bl s^y?kql a fo/ ku*
okd~ &Lora =krk v kS j v fHkO;fDr Lora =krk v kfn i j i zfrca / Hkh dgk t krk gS A
yxkusdsfy, ] v f/ dkjksadh O;oLFkk nksu, v uq PNsn i zLrkouk esal ekt oknh] v [ ka Mrk, oa/ eZ fuji s{k ' kCn t ksMs+
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2 la ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1952&yksd l Hkkdsfy, i zfrfuf/ Ro pkj u, uhfr funs'kd rRo ' kkfey fd; sx; A s
dsv uq i kr dks1951 dht ux.kukdsv k/ kj i j l ek; ksft r jk"Vi fr dksea f=ki fj"kn dh l ykg ekuusdsfy, ck;
fd; kx; kA fd; kx; kA
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c] l v kS j n oxksesafoHkkt u l ekIr dj mUgsaeksVsrkS j ij la i fk dsew y v f/ dkj dksl ekIr dj fof/ d v f/ dkj
jkT; ksav kS j dsa nz'kkfl r {ks=kksaesackaVk x; kA yksd l Hkk dk cuk fn; k x; kA
l ek; kstuA O;fDr dst hou v kS j Lora=krkdsv f/ dkj dksv ki krdky
11 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1961& bl dk ms'; Fkk fd esaHkh LFkfxr ; k l hfer ughafd; k t k, xkA
mi ; D qr ea My esafdl h [ kkyh i n dsv k/ kj i j jk"Vi fr v uq PNsn 352 esal a ' kks/u dj l ' kL=kfonzksg ' kCn t ksM+ kx; kA
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14 okl a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1962&i ka fMpsjhdsa n'zkkfl r i zns'k
nt kZrFkk^neu v kS j nho* dksu; kdsa nz'kkfl r i zsn' kcuk; k
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fganh i kB dksekU;rk i znku dh x; hA ea f=ki fj"kn dk v kdkj ( i z/kuea =kh@eq[ ; ea =khl fgr) fupys
61 okl 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1981& erkf/ dkj dhv k; q21 l nu ds15 l sv f/ d ughagksxkAjkT; ksaesaeq [ ; ea=khl fgr
l s?kVkdj 18 o"kZdj nhx; h( v uq PNsn 326 esal a ' kks/ u) A ea f=k; ksadh dq y la [ ; k 12 l sde ughagksxhA
69 okl 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1991& fnYyhdksjk"Vh; jkt / 92 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2003& 8ohav uq lw ph esacksMks]
kuh {ks=k cuk; k x; k v kS j bl dsfy, fo/ kul Hkk rFkk , d Mksxjh] eS fFkyhrFkkl a FkkyhHkk"kkv ksadks' kkfey fd; kx; kA
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73 okl 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1993& i a pk; rhjkt O;oLFkkdks 93 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2006& f' k{kk l a LFkkuksav kj{k.k
laoS / kfud nt kZfd; kx; k v kS j 11ohav uq lw phdks' kkfey ( 15( 4) @v uq PNsn 30 ( 1) dsrgr v kusokysv Yi l a [;d
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74 okl 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 1993& l a fo/ ku esa, d u; kHkkx la LFkkuksaesankf[ kyknsusdsekeysesav uq PNsn 15 dsi zko/
9( d) rFkk 12ohav uq lwph dks' kkfey fd; k x; kA' kgjh kuksadk foLrkj fd; k x; kAv uq PNsn 15 esa, d u; h / kjk
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84 ok l 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2001& 1991 dh t ux.kuk ds fcgkj jkT; esat ut kfr dY; k.k ea =kky; dksl ekIr dj
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fi Qj l sfu/ kZ fjr dh t k l drh gS A yksd l Hkk , oajkT; fo/ kul Hkkv ksaesav uq lw fpr t kfr , oa
86 okl a ' kks/u v f/ fu; e] 2002&, d u; kvuq PNsn 21(, ) t ut kfr rFkk v ka Xy Hkkjrh; ksadsfy, v kj{k.k dh v of/
t ksM+d j 6&14 o"kZrd dsl Hkh cPpksadksfu% ' kq
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45 esa6 l ky l sde mezdscPpksadhns[kHkky v kS j f' k{kk mfM+ ; k dsLFkku i j v ksfM; k ' kCn t ksM+ k x; kA
l sl cafa/ r jkT; dk funsZ ' k t ksM+sx; sA51( d) esal a ' kks/u 97 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2011& v uq PNsn 19 esa; k l a ?k
dj 11ok ekfSyd drZ O; ( 6&14 l ky dscPpksaesaf' k{kk dsckn ; kdkW i jsfVo l kslkbVh' kCn t ksM+ kx; kAbl v uq PNsn
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t ksM+kx; kA LO kk; kl a pkyu] yksd rka f=kd fu; a =k.k, oai s'ko sj l a oZ u gsrq
87 okl a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2003&yksd l HkkrFkkfo/ kul Hkkvksa ; Ru djsxkA
ds l hVksadh l a [ ; k i fjofrZ r fd; s cxS j 2001 dh 98 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2013& bl l a ' kks/u ds}kjk
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88 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2003& l a fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn ' kfDr; ksaesafoLrkj dj dukZ Vd v ka / zi zns'k dsfodkl dk
268 ( d) t ksM+ d j l sokdj dksyxkusrFkkol w y usdsckjs mkjnkf; Ro l kS i kx; k gS
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fd; kx; kA 1- v ; kns'k& t c l a l n dk l =kkol ku gksx; k gksv kS j , slh
89 ok l a ' kks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2003& v uq PNsn 338 ( d) fLFkfr i S nk gksxbZgksft l i j ' kh?kzdkjZ okbZv ko' ; d gks
t ksM+d j v uq lwfpr t ut kfr; ksadsfy, , d jk"Vh; v k; ksx rksjkT; esajkT; i ky v kS j la ?k esajk"Vi fr }kjk t kjh fd; k
v uq lwfpr t ut kfr xfBr djusdk i zko/ kuA x; k v kns'k v ; kns'k dgykrk gS av ; kns'k dksfu; fer
91 okl 'akks/ u v f/ fu; e] 2003& ny&cny dkuw u ds1@ 3 djusdsfy, v ko' ; d gSfd t c l a l n v Fkok fo/ ku
l nL; ksadk v yx gksusokyk i zko/ ku l ekIr fd; k x; kA ea My dk v xyk l =k gksrksml sv uq eksfnr dj fn; k t k,
ny&cny djusokysfo/ k; d ; kl ka l n esarc rd v ; ksX; ugharksl =kdh' kq : v kr dsN%l Irkg dsckn i zorZ u ; ksX;
ughajg t krk gS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- i zR;kuq nku (Vote of Credit)& fdl h jk"Vh; v ki kr ds gksrhgSrFkkml dsckn i zLrkod dkl eFkZ d cksy rkgS Abl
dkj.kl jdkj dks/ u dhv i zR;kf' kr eka x dksi wj kdjusds ppkZesajk"Vi fr dsuke dk mYys[k ughafd; k t krk gS ]
fy, fuf/ ; ksadh v ko' ; drk gksl drh gS ] ft l dsfy, D; ksafd v fHkHkk"k.kdhfo"k; &oLrqdsfy, l jdkj mkjnk; h
l nu fcukC;kS j kfn, i zR;kuqnku dsek; e l s, deq ' r jkf' k gksrhgS Av a r esa/ U;okn i zLrko ernku dsfy, j[ kk t krk
nsl drkgS Av kykspdksadsv uq l kj ; g v uqnku dk; Z i kfydk gSrFkk ml sLohr fd; k t krk gS A
dsgkFkksaesa, d dksjspsd dh Hkka fr gS A 9- la l n , oad k; Z i kfy d k d se; v a rj& l a l n fo/ ku
3- y s[kkuq nku ( v uq PNsn 116( d ) ) & t c rd l a l n ct V cukdj] v uq ' ka
l k djds] v kykspuk djds, oat ufgr ds
eka xsLohr ughadj ysrhrc rd dsfy, ; g v ko' ; d ekeyksaesal jdkj dhl gk; rkdjrhgS ] t cfd dk; Z i kfydk
gSfd ns'kdki z'kkl u pykusdsfy, l jdkj dsi kl i ; kZ Ir la l n dsi zfrfuf/ dsrkS j i j ' kkl u djrh gS A
/ u mi yC/ gksAbl fy, ys[kkuq nku dsfy, fo' ks"k mi ca / (i) uhfr l ca / h d VkS r h (Policy Cut)& bl dk ms';
fd; k x; k gS ] ft l ds}kjk yksd l Hkk dks' kfDr nhx; h gS l jdkj }kjk fdl hfo' ks"kfo"k; dsl a ca
/ esav i ukbZ
fd og ct V dhi zf; k i w j hgksusrd fdl hfok o"kZds x; h uhfr dkscny dj ml dsLFkku i j v U; uhfr
, d Hkkx dsfy, i s'kxh v uq nku nsl drh gS A dksv i ukusdsfy, t ksj nsukgS Abl i zLrko esadgk
4- v uq iwj d v uq nku& ; fn fofu; ksx fo/ s;d }kjk fdl h t krkgSfd eka x dhjkf' k?kVkdj , d : i , dj nh
fo' ks"k l sok i j pkywo"kZdsfy, O;; fd; st kusdsfy, t k, Abl dkv fHki zk; ; g gq v kfd v c ml uhfr dks
i zkf/ r dksbZjkf' kv i ; kZ Ir i k; ht krhgS; ko"kZdsct V NksM+fn; k t k, A
esamfYyf[ kr u dhxbZ ] v kS
j fdl hu; hl soki j [ kpZdh (ii) fer O ; r k l ca / hd VkS r h(Economy Cut)& bl dk
v ko' ; drk mRiUu gkst krh gS ] rksjk"Vi fr , d v uq iw
jd ms'; l jdkjh [ kpZesadeh ykuk gS Abl i zLrko esa
v uq nku l lan dsl e{ki s'kdjok, xkAv uq iw
j d v uq nku v kS j dgk x; k gSfd eka x dh jkf' k ?kVkdj de dj nh
fofu; ksx fo/ s;d nksuksadsfy, , d ghi zf; kfofgr dh t k; Abl rjg l sfdl heka x i j O;; dht kusokyh
xbZgS A jkf' k esa, d eq ' r (lump-sump) dVkS r h dh ckr
5- v fr fj Dr v uq nku (Excess Grants)& bu v uq nkuksai j dht krhgSv Fkokml esaO;; fd, t kusokysfdl h
foko"kZdhl ekfIr i j ernku gksrkgS AHkkjr esadsa nzhr en dksgh l ekIr dj fn, t kusdksdgk t krk gS A
Hkxqrku dh O;oLFkk ughagS A v r%O;; dk , d eq 'r (iii) i z r hd kRed d VkS r h (Token Cut)& bl dk ms';
v uq eku yxkuk rFkk fu/ kZ fjr l hek dsv uq l kj O;; djuk l jdkj dsi zfr fdl heka x dsl a ca/ esafdl hfo' ks"k
la Hko ughagS A bl fLFkfr l sfui Vusdsfy, v frfjDr f' kdk; r dksO;Dr djukgksrkgS Ai zrhdkRed dVkS rh
v uq nku dhO ; oLFkkdhx; hgS Al al n dsv frfjDr v uq nku ds}kjk l nL; ckr djrsgS Abl l sml l nL; dks
a
Lohr djds/ u dsO;; dksoS / kfud cukrh gS Afda rq ml eka x i j ppkZdjusdk cgkuk fey t krk gS A
v frfjDr v uq nkuksadh l Hkh eka xksadksyksd l Hkk esai zLrq r 10- fxy ksfVu& fdl hct V l =kesal e; kHkko dsdkj.kv ; {k
djusl si gys^yksd ys[kk l fefr* }kjk v uq eksnu fd; k ds}kjk, slhl Hkheka xksaft u i j ppkZgksi k; hgksv Fkoku
t kukv ko' ; d gS A gksi k; h gks] dks, d l kFk l nu dsi Vy i j j[ kusdh
6- Hkw r y{khi zHkkohfof/ (Ex-Post Facto Law)& vuq PNsn i zf; k dksfxyksfVu dgrsgS A
a
20 ds[ kM a ( 1) dsv uq l kj] ^fdl h O;fDRk dksfdl h 11- fofu; ksx fo/ s;d (Appropriation Bill)& Hkkjrh;
v i jk/ dsfy, rc rd fl }ks"kughaBgjk; k t k, xkt c la fo/ ku dsv uq PNsn 114 ( d) dsv uq l kj yksd l Hkk }kjk
rd fd ml us, slkdk; Zdjusdsl e; fdl hi zofkfof/ v uq nku Lohr fd, t kusdsckn Hkkjr dhl a fpr fuf/ l s
dk v fre.k u fd; k gksA* og ml l sv f/ d ' kkfLr dk ml v uq nku dk fofu; ksx djus ds fy, l nu esa, d
Hkkxhughagksxkt ksml v i jk/ dsfy, t kusdsl e; i zok fofu; ksx fo/ s;d i zLrq r fd; k t k, xk bl esayksd l Hkk }kjk
fof/ dsv / hu yxkbZt k l drh FkhA Lohr v uq nkuksadhl Hkheka xsrFkkl a fpr fuf/ i j Hkkfjr
7- / U;okn i zLr ko& jk"Vi fr dsv fHkHkk"k.kdsckn l a l n dh O;; l fEefyr fd; k t krk gS A
dk; Z ea=k.kk l fefr dhfl i Q kfj' ki j rhu&pkj fnuksard / 12- Hkkj r d h l a fpr fuf/ (Conslidated Fund of In-
U;okn i zLrko i j ppkZgksrh gS AppkZi zLrkod }kjk v kja Hk dia)& l a fo/ ku ds v uq PNsn 266 esal a fpr fuf/ dk
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
i zkokku gS AjkT; ksadksdjksa, oa' kq Ydksaesal smudkv a ' knsus i zR;sd dk; Zfnol dk i zFke ?ka Vk i z'udky dgykrk gS A
dsckn t ks/ u cprkgSml sl a fpr fuf/ esaMky fn; kt krk bl v of/ esal a l n l nL; ksa}kjk yksd egRo dsfdl hHkh
gS Al a fpr fuf/ l s/ u l a l n esai zLrqr v uq nku ekaxksads}kjk ekeysdh t kudkjh i zkIr djusdsfy, ea f=k; ksal smuds
ghO ; ; fd; kt krkgS Ajk"Vi fr] mijk"Vi fr] l h-, -t h- v kfn foHkkxksal sl a ca f/ r i z'u i w
N l drsgS Ai z'udky dsv a
a r xZ
r
dsosru rFkk Hkksbl h fuf/ i j Hkkfjr gksrsgS A
a iw Nst kusokysi z'u dbZrjg dsgksrsgS At lS%
a s&
13- Hkkj r d h v kd fLed fuf/ (Contigency Fund of (i) r kj ka fd r i z'u& ft u i z'uksadk mkj l nL; rq ja
r
India)& l fao/ ku ds v uq PNsn 267 ds v uq l kj Hkkjr l nu esapkgrkgSml srkjka fdr i z'u dgrsgS Abudk
l jdkj , d v kdfLed fuf/ dhLFkki ukdjsxhAbl esat ek mkj ekS f[ kd fn; k t krk gS Abu i z'uksadsv uq iw
jd
/ u jkf' k dksO;; jk"Vi fr v foya cuh; , oav i zR;kf' kr i z'u Hkhi w Nst kl drsgS Abu i z'uksai j rkjkyxkdj
a
i fjfLFkfr; ksaesadj l drk gS Aog O;; ckn esal a l n }kjk bUgsav U; i z'uksal sv yx fd; k t krk gS A
i zkf/ r djk; k t krk gS A (ii) v r kj ka fd r i z'u& mu i z'uksadksft udkmkj l nL;
14- d k; Z LFkxu i zLr ko&fdl hv foya cuh; yksd egR o dsfo"k; fyf[ kr : i esapkgrsgS AmUgsav rkjka
a fdr i z'u dgrs
vFkokns'kdsva nj dksbZfof' k"VfLFkfr vkt kus; kl a l n l nL; gS Abu i z'uksadsv uq iw
j d i z'u ughai N wst k l drsA
}kjkl nu dhorZ eku dk; Zokghchp esaghjksd dj ml fo' ks"k (iii) v Yi &l w p uk i z'u& , slsi z'u t ksv foya cuh; yksd
fLFkfr ; k?kVuki j fopkj djusdki zLrko ykl drkgSft l s egRo dsgksarFkk ft Ugsal k/ kj.k i z'u dsfy, fu/
dk; ZLFkxu ; kdke jks d ksi zLrko dgrsgS a
A kZ
fjr de l sde 1 fnu dhv of/ l w puknsd j i w Nk
15- fua nk i zLr ko& l jdkj ; k fdl h ea =kh dsfdUghadk; ks t k l drk gS ] mUgsav Yi l w puk i z'u dgrsgS A
a
v Fkok uhfr; ksadhfua nkdjusdsfy, yk, x, i zLrko dks (iv) v uq j d i z'u& l nu l srkjka
iw fdr i z'u dst okc i j
fua nk i zLrko dgrsgS A fua
a nk i zLrko dsi kl gkst kusds fdl hl nL; }kjkl nu dsv ; {kdhv uq efr l st ks
i ' pkr ; g ekuk t krk gSfd l jdkj v Yi er esav k x; h i z'u i wNst krsgS ] mUgsav uq
a iwj d i z'u dgrsgS A
v kS j l jdkj dksbLrhi Q k nsuk i M+ r k gSA 21- ' kwU;d ky & l nu dsnkuksal nuksaesai z'u dky dsBhd ckn
16- v fo' okl i zLr ko&v uq PNsn 75 ( 3) dsvuq l kj ea f=ki fj"kn dk l e; ' kw U; dky dsuke l st kuk t krkgS ] t ks12 ct s
rHkh rd i nkl hu jgrh gSt c rd ml syksd l Hkk dk l si zkja
HkgksrkgSv kS j , d ct srd pyrkgS Abl esafcuki w oZ
fo' okl i zkIr gksAfoi {kdkst c , slkyxrkgSfd l jdkj lw puk dsi z'u i w Nst krsgS A
a
usl nu dk fo' okl [ kksfn; k gSrksml ds}kjk v fo' okl 22-
LFkki uki Uu i zLr ko& t ksi zLrko ew y i zLrko dsLFkku i j
i zLrko l nu esayk; kt krkgS Acgl dsi ' pkr~yksd l Hkkesa v kS j ml dsfodYi ds: i esai s'kfd, t k, amUgsaLFkkuki Uu
bl i j er foHkkt u gksrkgS A; fn ; g i zLrko l nu }kjki kl
i zLrko dgrsgS ALFkkuki Uu i zLrko dsLohr gkst kusi j
a
dj fn; k x; k rksl jdkj dksR;kx&i =k nsuk i M+ r k gS A ew y i zLrko l ekIr gkst krk gS A
17- fo' ks"kkf/ d kj i zLr ko& ; fn dksbZea =kh fdUgharF; ksadks
23- fu; e&377 d sv / hu mYy s[k& yksd l Hkk esat ksekeys
l nu esafNIkkrk gSv Fkok fdUghav U; fo' ks"kkf/ dkjksadk
O;oLFkkdki z'u ughagksrs; kt ksi z'u v Yi &l w puki z'uksa]
guu gksrk gSrksdksbZl nL; fo' ks"kkf/ dkj guu dk i zLrko
; kukd"kZ . ki zLrkoksav kfn l sl acaf/ r fu; eksadsv / hu ugha
yk l drk gS A
mBk, t krsosekeysfu; e 377 dsv / hu mBk, t krsgS A
a
18- v k/ s?kV asd h ppkZ & l nu dk dksbZl nL; t c , slk
fu; e&115 d sv / hu mYy s[k& bl fu; e dsv a r xZ
r
egl w l djrkgSfd rkjka fdr ; kv rkjka fdr ; kv Yi l w puk 24-
la l n dsnksuksal nuksadsl nL; ksadh fdl h ea =kh ; k l nL;
i z'u i j i zkIr mkj esav i sf{kr t kudkjhughagSrksv ; {k
ds oDrO; ds rF; dh =kq fV; ksai j v ki fk mBkus dk
l nL; dksv k/ s?ka VsdsppkZdh v uq efr nsl drk gS A
v f/ dkj gS A
19- v Yi d ky hu ppkZ & , d xS j &l jdkjh l nL; ds fy,
v foya cuh; yksd egRo dsekeysdksl nu ds; ku esa 25- fu; e&184& bl fu; e ds v a r xZ
r yksd l Hkk l nL;
ykusgsrqv Yi dkyhu ppkZdh O;oLFkk dh x; h gS A v R;ko' ; d , oav foya cuh; fo"k; i j rq ja
r ppkZdheka x
dj l drsgS AppkZdsv a r esaer foHkkt u gksrk gS A
20- i z'ud ky & yksd l Hkkdsi zf; krFkkdk; Zl a pkyu l a cak
fu; eksadsv a r xZ
r fu; e l a [ ; k 32 dsrgr nksuksal nuksaesa 26- fu; e&193& bl fu; e ds }kjk l koZ t fud egRo ds

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
v foya cuh; fo"k; i j vYi dkfyd ppkZdheka x dht krh oxZ; k l ew g ft l dsl eku fgr gksa Aog v i usl eLr l k/
gS A; g ppkZfdl h i zLrko dsek; e l sughagksrhA bl uksadsi z;ksx }kjk fo' ks"kdj ' kkl ura =k i j i zHkko Mkydj
dkj.k ppkZdsv a r esal nu esaer foHkkt u ughagksrkA v i usv uq ow Q
y fu.kZ ; djusdk i z;Ru djrk gS A
dsoy l Hkhi {kdsl nL; ksadksl a ca fo"k; i j vi usfopkj 37- i zR;kor Z u (Recall)& og i fr ft l ds}kjk fuokZ pd
i zd V djusdk v ol j feyrk gS A fdl hHkhfuokZ fpr i nkf/ dkjhv Fkok l nL; dkspkgsog
27- v kS fpR; d k i z'u& v kS fpR; dk i z'u l nu dh dk; Z okgh dk; Z i kfydkdkgks; kfo/ kuea My dk] oki l cq y kl drk
dsnkS j ku ; g l q fuf' pr djusdsfy, mBk; k t krk gSfd gSv Fkok i n~ &P; qr djk l drk gS A
D; k dk; Z okgh l a l nh; fu; eksav kS j i zf; kv ka sdsv uq l kj 38- r nFkZl fefr & ; g l fefr l e; &l e; i j fdl hHkhl nu
pyk; h t k jgh gS A esal Hkki fr v Fkokyksd l Hkk; {k}kjki zLrkfor gsrqcuk; h
28- LFkxu (Adjournment)& LFkxu ds}kjk l nu dsdk; Z t krhgS ] t ksfdl hfo' ks"ki j v i uhfji ksVZi zLrq r djrhgS A
dksfofufnZ "V l e; dsfy, fuya fcr dj fn; k t krk gS A 39- i j ke' kZ nk; hl fefr & bl l fefr dsxBu dkeq [ ; ms';
bl dh ?kks"k.kk i hBkl hu v f/ dkjh djrk gS A ' kkl dh; uhfr; ksav kS j dk; Z eksadksf; kfUor djusds
29- v fuf' pr d ky d sfy , LFkxu (Sine Die)& t c l nu fy, l jdkj , oa l a l n l nL; ksa ds e; v ukS i pkfjd
dsi hBkl hu v f/ dkjh l nu dksLFkfxr djrsgq , v kxkeh fopkj&foe' kZdsfy, , d ea p i znku djuk gksrk gS A
cS Bd dh rkjh[ k ; k ?kks"k.kk ughadjrsgS arksdgk t krk gS 40- la l nh; l ykgd kj l fefr &bl l fefr dkxBu fo/ kf; dk
fd l nu v fuf' pr dky dsfy, LFkfxr dj fn; k x; kA dh l e; &l kj.kh dksfu/ kZ fjr djusrFkk v U; l a l nh;
30- l =kkol ku& l =kol ku l sl nu dsl =kdkl eki u gkst krk O;ogkj dksfu; a f=kr djusdsfy, fd; k t krk gS A; g
gS Al =kkol ku ea f=ki fj"kn dhl ykg i j jk"Vi fr ; kjkT; i ky l fefr yksd l Hkk dsmu ekeyksa( O;ogkjksa ) dksns[krh gS ]
}kjk fd; k t krk gS A t ksHkkoukv ksao uS frdrk l sl a ca f/ r gksrsgS A; g l nu dks
O;ogkjkuq : i dkjZ okgh djusgsrqv uq ' ka
l k djrh gS A
31- foJ kfar d ky & l nu dksl =kkol ku vkS j ml dsi ' pkr~u,
r d (Whip)& fOgi , d i z d kj dkv ko' ; d
fr dky 42-
fO gi @ l ps
l =k dsi zkja Hk gksusdschp dh v of/ dksfoJka
funsZ' kgSt ksnyh; v uq ' kkl u dsfy, i z;q Dr gksrkgS AfO gi t kjh
dgk t krk gS
djusi j l a caf/ r ny dkl nL; bl dkmYya ?ku ughadj i krk
32- y ksj kfW la x& t c , d jkt uhfrd ny dk l nL; l a ln
gS A; fn dksbZl nL; bl dkmYya ?ku djrkgSrksog ny&cny
; kfo/ ku l Hkkesav i ukny NksM+nsrkgSv kjSv U; fdl h
dsrgr ny l sfu"dkf"kr fd; kt kl drkgS A
ny esal fEefyr gkst krkgSrksml syksj kfl a x dgrsgS A
ure l nL; 43-
v fu/ kZ fj r i zLr ko (No day-yet-Named Motion)&
33- d ksje ; k x. ki w & dksje l srkRi; Zml U;w
fr Z
, slki zLrko t ksfd v ; {k}kjkcgl dsfy, Lohdkj dj
la [ ; k l sgSt ksl nu esadk; Z okghdsfy, v ko' ; d gksrh
fy; k x; k gS ] fda r qcgl dsfy, dksbZfrfFk ; k fnu fu/
gS A; g v; {kl fgr l nu dhdq y l nL; l a [ ; kdknl oka
kZ
fjr ughafd; k x; k gS ] v fu/ kZ fjr i zLrko dgk t krk gS A
Hkkx gksrkgS A
34- da xk: Dy kst j & l a l nh; O;oLFkkdsv a r xZr tcla l n esa 44- ; kukd "kZ . k i zLr ko& yksd l Hkk; {k dh v uq efr l st c
fdl hfo/ s;d i j okn&fookn py jgkgksv kS j l jdkj ml dksbZl a l n l nL; l koZ t fud fgr dh nf"V l sl koZ t fud
i j ' kh?kzfu.kZ ; djuk pkgrh gSrksv ; {k@ i hBkl hu v f/ egRo dsfdl h fo"k; i j fdl h ea =kh dk ; ku v kdf"kZ r
dkjhi zLrkfor l a ' kks/uksaesal segRoi w . kZl a
' kk/ uksadk p; u djrk gSrksml s; kukd"kZ . k i zLrko dgrsgS a
A
dj ysrk gS ] rkfd v kxsfl i Z QmUghai j ppkZgksA 45- i zfr LFkki u i zLr ko& i zfrLFkki u i zLrko fdl h v U; i z'u
35- l gd kj h l a ?kokn& , d l g; ksxhl a ?kokn esa; g v ko' ; d i j okn&fookn dsnkS j ku i s'kfd; st krsgS av kjSosml i z'u
gSfd l ? akh; O;oLFkk esal ?k dh l jdkj , oajkT; ksadh dk LFkku ysusgsrqgksrsgS A; | fi osLora =k Lo: i dsgksrs
l jdkjksaesaok{akuh; fo"k; ksa ] dk; Z
{ks=k, oa' kfDr; ksadsforj.k gS AdksbZl nL; fdl h fo/ s;d i j fopkj djusdsi zLrko
esal gHkkfxrk , oal kew fgdrk dh Hkkouk gksA l a fo/ ku dsl a ca/ esai zfrLFkki u i zLrko i s'kdj l drkgS At S l s&fo/
fo' ks"kK xzsufoy v kfLVd usHkkjrh; l a ?kh; O;oLFkk dks s;d fi Q j l sfdl h l fefr dksfufnZ "V fd; k t k; A
l gdkjh i fjl a ?k dh l a Kk fn; k gS A 46- v uq xh i zLr ko& bu i zLrkoksadksfofHkUu i d
"ka z kj dsdk; ks
36- nckod kj h xq V (Pressure Group)& O;fDr; ksadk , slk dhv xzsrj dk; Z okghdsfy, fu; fer mi k; ds: i esal nu

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
dh i zFkk }kjk ekU;rk nh t krh gS At S l s&fo/ ;sd dks, d dht krhgS A
i zoj ; k l ;aqDr l fefr dksfufnZ "V fd; k t k; A 53- d k; Zea=k. kk l fefr & ; g l nu l a ca
/ h l fefr gS A i zR;sd
47- j k"Vi fr d kv fHkHkk"k. k&vuq PNsn 87 dsrgr u, l nL; ksa l nu esa, d dk; Zea =k.kk l fefr l fgr bl l fefr ds15
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v uq ekuksadh foLrr t ka p djrh gS A t krkgS A; g l fefr ; kfpdkesadhx; hfof' k"V f' kdk; rksa
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1998 dksfd; kx; kFkkA^czt s'kfeJk* i zFke jk"Vh; l q j {kkl ykgdkj v kS j 54osaua cj i j gS Agkyka fd phu esanksi Q hl nhdkbt ki Q knt Zfd; k
fu; q Dr fd; sx, FkA s , u, l l hdsxBu l si w oZbu xfrfof/ ; ks ai j x; kgS Anf{k.k, f' k; kesausiky esaefgykl ka l nksadki zfr' kr l okZ f/ d
i z/kuea =khdsi z/ku l fpo }kjkut j j[ kht krhFkhA gSysfdu bl dsckot w n ; g 30 i Q hl nhl suhpsgS Abl l w phesaLFkku
gkfl y djusokys' kh"kZ10 ns'kksaesa4 vhdkegk}hi l sgS Adjhc 20
jk"Vh; l q j {kk l ykgdkj dsv ykok Hkkjr l jdkj dsj{kk]
l ky i gysl a l nksaesaefgykvksadki zfr' kr 10 l sde Fkk] ysfdu v kt
fons'k] xg , oafok ea =khv kS j ; kst uk v k; ksx dsmi k; {kjk"Vh;
; g v kad M+ k22-5 rd i gq a
p x; kgS A
l jq{kk i fj"kn dsl nL; gksrsgS Av U; foHkkxksal st M
a q+ sl nL; ksadks
Hkhv ko' ; drkuq l kj bl dhekfl d cS Bd esacq y k; kt kl drkgS A l ka
l nksadsv a r jkZ"Vh; l a xBu v a rj l al nh; l a ?k usv i us
okf"kZd fo' ys"k.k esadgk gSfd nq fu; kHkj esav f/ d l a [ ; k esa
jk"Vh; l jq{kk l ykgdkj (National Security Advisor)
efgykv ksadksl a l n dsfy, pq uk x; k gSv kS j ; fn ekS tw nk pyu
jk"Vh; l q j {kki fj"kn~dsi zeq [ kdk; Z d kjhv f/ dkjhgkrssgS Ajk"Vh;
a
t kjhjgrkgS arks, d i h<+ hl sHkhde dsl e; esayS a
fxd l ekurk
v kS j va r jkZ"Vh; l q j {kk l sl a caf/ r l Hkh fo"k; ksai j osHkkjr ds
dsy{; dksgkfl y fd; k t k l drk gS A
i zkkuea=kh ds i zeq [ k l ykgdkj gksrs gS A jkW(Research and
anaylsis wing-Raw) v kS j ba Vsy ht sa
l C;w j kst Sl h ns'k dsi zeq [k v kbZi h; wv ka d M+ ksadsv uq l kj] o"kZ2013 esagq , pq ukoksads
[ kqfi Q
; k, t fsal ; kajk"Vh; l q j {kkl ykgdkj dksghfji ksVZdjrhgS A i fj.kkeLo: i oS f' od Lrj i j l a l nksaesaefgykv ksadhHkkxhnkjhesa
jk"Vh; l q j {kkl ykgdkj dsi n i j ^, e- ds- ukjk; .ku* v kS j gky 1-5 i Q hl nhdkbt ki Q kgq v kgS Av kbZ i h; wegkl fpo , a Ml Zt kW ul u
gh esabl i j fu; q Dr ^v t hr oq Qekj MksHkky* dksNkM s+d j ( nksuksa usdgk fd ; g cgq r v f/ d ughafn[ krk] ysfdu v Hkhl a l nksaesa
Hkkjrh; i q fyl l sok l sgS ) l Hkh Hkkjrh; fons'k l o
a sk dsofj"B 22 i Q hl nhefgyk, gS A; fn 1-5 i Q hl nhdhbl hjrkj l sv kxs
v f/ dkjh gh fu; q Dr gq , gS A
a c<+ r sjgsrks20 l ky dsHkhrj ghfo' o Lrj i j l a l nksaesayS fxd
a
l ekurkgkst k, xhAfji ksVZuscrk; kgSfd l a l n rd efgykv ksadh
jk"Vh; l qj {kk l ykgdkj fu; fer : i l sns'k dsv ka r fjd v kS j
i gq
p dbZdkj.kksal si zHkkfor gksrhgS
a ] ft l esal a l nksard efgykv ksa
ckgjh[ krjksal sl a caf/ r l Hkhi zeq [ kfo"k; ksai j i z/kuea =khdksl ykg nsrs
dksi gq pkusesav kj{k.k, d eq
a [ ; ek; e gS AvkbZ i h; wusdgkgSfd
gSA
aHkkjr dsjk"Vh; l q j {kkl ykgdkj phu dsl kFkl hekfookn dseq s
v kj{k.k egRokdka {kh o O;ki d gksuk pkfg, v kS j ml si zHkkodkjh
i j gksusokysokrkZesaHkkjr dsi z/kuea =khdsfo' ks"kokrkd Zkj HkhjgsgS A
a
cukusdsfy, ml dk f; kUo; u gksuk pkfg, A
; si z/kuea =khdsfons'knkS j si j mudsl kFkgksrsgS Ans'kdsi zeq
a [ k[ kq
fi Q;k
foHkkx dsi zeq [ kv i uhfji ksVZl h/ si z/kuea=khdksl kS i usdsct k; jk"Vh;
a
l jq{kkl ykgdkj ghbu fji ksVksdksi z/kuea =khdsl e{ki zLrq r djrsgS A
a
jk"Vh; l q j {kk l ykgdkj dks, d mi&jk"Vh; l q j {kk l ykgdkj }kjk
l gk; rk i znku dh t krh gS A
la
l n esaefgy k i zfr fuf/ Ro
lal n esaefgyki zfrfuf/ ; ksadsl a [ ; kdsv k/ kj i j jk"VksadkjSa
d
r; djusokyh, d v a r jkZ
"Vh; l aLFkkv a rj l a
l nh; l a ?k (Inter
Parliamentary Union, IPU) }kjkrS ; kj dhx; hl w phesa189 ns'kksa
esaHkkjr dk111okaLFkku gS Afupysl nu (yksd l Hkk) esa62 efgykvksa
dhekS twnxhdsl kFkHkkjr dks111osaua cj i j j[ kkx; kgS ] t ksdqy 545
l ka
l nksadk11-4 i Q hl nhgS AmQ i jhl nu esa245 l ka l nksaesa28 efgyk,
gSat ks11-4 i Q hl nhgS a
Al a;qDr jk"Vdsl kFkfeydj dke djusokys
v kbZi h; wusl a
l n esaefgykv ksadhl a [ ; kdsv k/ kj i j ns'kksadhjS a
fdax
dhgS A; svkad M+ sjk"Vh; l a
l nksa}kjk1 t uojh] 2014 rd miyC/ djk; h
x; hl w puki j vk/ kfjr gS Abl l a ca
/ l osZ {k.kdsnk; jsesavk, 189 ns'kksa

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
Hkkj r d smi &i z/ kuea
=kh eq
[ ; fuokZp u v k; q
Dr
uke d k; Z
d ky lqoqQekj l su 21&3&1950 l s19&12&1958
1- l jnkj oYyHkkbZi Vsy 1947&50 osQ- oh- osQ -lq nje
a 20&12&1958 l s30&9&1997
2- eksjkjt hnslkbZ 1967&69 , l - i h- l su oekZ 1&10&1967 l s30&9&1972
3- pj.k fl ag , oat xt houjke 1979&79 MkW- uxsanzfl a g 1&10&1972 l s6&2&1973
4- okbZ- ch- pk.k 1979&80 Vh- LokehukFku 7&3&1973 l s17&6&1977
5- nsohyky 1989&90 , l - , l - ' kd/ j 18&6&1977 l s17&6&1982
6- nsoh yky 1990&91 v kj- ds- f=kosnh 18&6&1982 l s31&12&1985
7- , y- ds- v kMokuh 2002&04 v kj- oh- , l - i sjh' kkL=kh 11&1&1986 l s25&11&1990
oh- , l - jkeknsoh 26&11&1990 l s11&12&1990
y ksd l Hkk v ; {k Vh- , u- ' ks"ku 12&12&1990 l s11&12&1996
uke d k; Z
d ky , e- , l - fxy 12&12&1996 l s13&6&2001
x.ks'kokl q nso ekyoa dj 1952&56 t s-, e- fya xnksg 14&6&2001 l s7&2&2004
, e- , - v k; a dj 1956&62 Vh- , l - ".kew frZ 8&2&2004 l s15&5&2005
gqoq Q
e fl a g 1962&67 ch- ch- Va Mu 16&5&2005 l s29&6&2006
uhye l taho jsM~ Mh 1967&69 , u- xksikyLOkeh 30&6&2006 l s20&4&2009
MkW - xqj nk; y fl g a f<Yyks 1969&75 uohu pkoyk 21&4&2009 l s29&7&2010
cfyjke Hkkjr 1976&77 , l okbZoq QjS' kh 30&7&2010 l s2012
uhye l taho jsM~ Mh 1977 ( ekpZ&t q
y kbZ
) ch- , l - l ei Fk 2012 l sv Hkh rd
osQ - Mh- gsxM+ s 1977&79
MkW - cyjke t k[ kM+ 1980&89 j k"Vh; l jq{kk l y kgd kj ksad h l w
ph
jfo jk; 1989&91 - uke v of/ i z/kuea=kh
f' kojkt oh- i kfVy 1991&96 1- czt s'kfeJk uoa cj 1998 v Vy fcgkjh okt i s;h
i h-, - l xaek 1996&98 (I.F.S) & ebZ2004
t h-, e- l hcky; ksxh 1998&2002 2- t s-, u-nhf{kr ebZ2004 MkW- eueksgu fl a
g
i h-, e l bZ n ekpZ2002&ebZ2002 (I.F.S) t uojh 2005
( dk; Z okgd) 3- ,e-ds-ukjk;.ku t uojh 2005 MkW - eueksgu fl a
g
euksgj xt kuu t ks'kh ebZ2002&ebZ2004 (I.P.S) &t uojh 2010
l kseukFk pVt hZ 2004&09 4- f' ko' kadj esuu t uojh 2010 MkW - eueksgu fl a
g
ehjk oq Qekj ( i zFke efgyk) 2009&14 (I.F.S) &ebZ2014
Li hdj) 5- v ft r oq Qekj ebZ2014 ujsa
nzeksnh
l fqe=kk egkt u 6tw u 2014&v c rd MksHkky (I.P.S) v c rd

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
y ksd l Hkk mi k; {k Hkkj r d smi j k"Vi fr
uke d k; Z
d ky uke d k; Z
d ky
v ua r ' k; ue v k; a xj ebZ1952 ebZ1956 MkW- l oZ i Yyhjk/ k".ku 1952&62
l jnkj gq oqQ
e fl a g ebZ1956&ekpZ1962 MkW- t kfdj gq lS u 1962&67
".kew frZjko v i zS
y 1962&ekpZ1967 oh-oh-fxjh 1967&69
v kj- osQ - [ kka
fMydj ekpZ1967&uoa cj 1969 xksiky Lo: i i kBd 1969&74
t h- t h- Losy fnl acj 1969&t uojh 1977 ch- Mh- t kh 1974&79
xqMseq j gkjh v i zS
y 1977&v xLr] 1979 U;k; ew frZeq gEen fgnk; rq Yyk 1979&84
t h- y{e.ku iQjojh 1980&fnl a cj 1984 v kj- osad Vje.k 1984&87
Fkkcah nq j kbZ twu 1985&ekpZ1991 MkW- ' ka
d j n; ky ' kekZ 1987&92
, l - efYydkt q u; ~
Z ;k v xLr 1991&ekpZ1996 ds-v kj- ukjk; .ku 1992&97
lw j t Hkku tqy kbZ1996&fnl a cj 1997 ".kdka r 1997&2002
i h- , e- l bZ n fnl acj 1988&v i zSy 1999 HkS
j ksfl a
g ' ks[kkor 2002&07
i h- , e- l bZ n v DVw cj 1999&i Q jojh 2004 eksgEen gkfen v a l kjh 2007 l sv c rd
pj.kt hr fl a g v Voky twu 2004&ebZ2009 Hkkj r d sj k"Vi fr
dfj; k eq Mk
a twu 2009&v Hkh rd e uke d k; Z
d ky
Hkkj r d sfu; a =kd &egky s[kk i j h{kd 1- MkW - jkt sa
nzi zlkn 26 t uojh 1950&13 ebZ1962
uke d k; Zd ky 2- MkW - , l - jk/ k".ku 13 ebZ1962&13 ebZ1967
oh- ujgfj jko 1984&54 3- MkW - t kfdj gq lSu 13 ebZ1967&3 ebZ1969
, - osQ - pa nk 1954&60 4- oh-oh fxjh 3 ebZ1969&20 t q y kbZ1969
, - osQ - jk; 1960&66 ( dk; Z okgd)
, l - ja xukFku 1966&72 5- U;k; ew frZeq gEen 20 t q y kbZ1969&24 vxLr 1969
, - cD' kh 1972&78 fgnk; rrq Yyk
Kku i zd k' k 1978&84 dk; Z okgd
Vh- , u- prq osZ
nh 1984&90 6- oh-oh fxfj 24 vxLr 1969&24 vxLr 1974
l h- t h- l kS E; k 1990&96 7- i Q [ k: hu v yh 24 v xLr 1974&11 i Q jojh
oh- osQ - ' kq
xyw
a 1996&2002 vgen 1977
oh- , u- dkS y 2002&08 8- ch-Mh- t kh 11 i Q jojh 1977& 25 t q y kbZ
fouksn jk; 2008&2013 ( dk; Z okgd) 1977
' kf' kdka r ' krkZ 2013 l sv Hkhrd 9- uhye l a t ho 25 t qy kbZ1977&25 t q y kbZ1982
jsM~Mh
10- Kkuh t S y fl a g 22 t qy kbZ1982&25 t q y kbZ1987
11- v kj- oS d Vje.k 25 t q
a y kbZ1987&25 t q y kbZ1992
12- MkW - ' ka
d j n; ky 25 t qy kbZ1992&25 t q y kbZ1997
' kekZ
13- ds- v kj ukjk; .ku 25 t q y kbZ1997&25 t q y kbZ2002
14- MkW - , -i h-t s-v Cnqy 25 t q y kbZ2002&25 t q y kbZ2007
dyke
15- i zfrHkk nsoh fl a g 25 t q y kbZ2007&25 t q y kbZ2012
i kfVy
16- i z.kc eq [ kt hZ 25 t qy kbZ2012&v kt rd

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
Hkkj r d si z/ kuea=kh Hkkj r d segkU;k; oknh
- uke d k; Zd ky uke d k; Z
d ky
1- t okgj yky usg: 15 v xLr 1947&27 ebZ1964 1- , e- l h- l hryokM+ 1950&63
2- xqy t kjh yky ua nk 27 ebZ1964&9 t w u 1964 2- l h- ds- nrjh 1963&68
( dk; Z okgd) 3- fujsu Ms 1968&77
3- ykycgknq j ' kkL=kh 9 t w u 1964&11 t uojh 1966 4- , l - oh- xq Irk 1977&79
4- xqy t kjh yky ua nk 11 t uojh 1966&24 t uojh 5- , y- , u- fl Ugk 1979&83
( dk; Z okgd) 1966 6- osQ - i jk' kju 1983&89
5- bfanjk xk/ah 24 t uojh1966&24 ekpZ1977 7- l ksy h t s- l ksjkct h 1989&90
6- eksjkjt hnslkbZ 24 ekpZ1977&28 t q y kbZ1979 8- t h- jkekLokeh 1990&92
7- pj.kfl a g 28 t q y kbZ1979&14 t uojh1980 9- feyu dscut hZ 1992&96
8- bfanjk xk/ah 14 t uojh 1980&31 v DVw cj 10- v ' kksd nslkbZ 1996&98
1984 11- l ksy h t s- l ksjkct h 1998&2004
9- jkt ho xk/ah 31 v DVw cj 1984&1 fnl a cj 12 feyu osQ - cut hZ 2004&09
1989 13- xq y ke bZ - okgurh 2009 l sv Hkhrd
10- fo' oukFki zrki fl a g 2 fnl a cj 1989&10 uoa cj 1990 v c r d d sv Yi l a [ ; d v k; ksx
11- pa nz'ks[kj 10 uoa cj 1990&21 t w u 1991 xSj oS/ kfud v k; ksx
12- i h-oh- fujfl a gk jko 21 t w u 1991&16 ebZ1996 i gyk 1978&81 v ; {k%, e- v kj- el kuh
13- v Vy fcgkjh 16 ebZ1996&1 t w u 1996 nw l jk 1981&84 v ; {k%, e- , p- csx
okt i s;h rhl jk 1984&87 v ; {k%, e- , p- cs x
14- , p-Mh- nsoxkS M+ k 1tw u 1996&21 v i zSy 1997 pkS Fkk 1987&90 v ; {k%, e- , p- csx
15- v kbZ - osQ- xqt jky 21 v i zS y 1997&18 ekpZ1998 i kpoka1990&93 v ; {k%, l -, e-, p-cuhZ
16- v Vy fcgkjh 19 ekpZ1998&13 vDVw cj 1999 oS
/ kfud v k; ksx
okt i s;h i gyk1993&96 v ; {k%ft LVl eks - l jnkj v yh[ kku
17- v Vy fcgkjh 13 v DVw cj 1999&21 ebZ2004 nw l jk 1996&99 v ; {k%i zks- rkfgj egew n
okt i s;h rhl jk 2000&03 v ; {k%U ; k; ew
frZeks- ' kfee
18- eueksgu fl a g 22 ebZ2004&21 ebZ2009 pkS Fkk 2003&06 v ; {k%, l - rjykspu fl a g
19- eueksgu fl a g 22 ebZ2009&v c rd i kpoka2006&09 v ; {k gkfen v a l kjh ( 2007 rd)
NBk 2011&14 v ; {k%ot kgr gfccq Yykg
j k"Vh; efgy k v k; ksx d h v ; {kr k
j k"Vh; ekuokf/ d kj v k; ksx d sv ; {k 1- lq
Jht ; a r h i Vuk; d 1992&95
1- U;k; ewfrZjaxukFk feJ 1993&96 2- MkW
- ch eksfguh fxjh 1995&98
2- U;k; ewfrZ, e- , u- osad VyS ;k 1996&99 3- lq
J h foHkk i kFkZl kjFkh 1999&2002
3- U;k; ewfrZt s- , l - oekZ 1999&2003 4- MkW
-iw f.kZ
ekv kMok.kh 2002&05
4- U;k; ewfrZ, - , l - v kua
n 2003&06 5- MkW
- fxfjt k O;kl 2005&11
5- U;k; ewfrZMkW- f' kojkt i kfVy 2006&06 6- lq
J h eerk ' kekZ 2011 l sv c rd
( dk; Zokgd)
6- U;k; ewfrZeSF; qdks'kh 2007&09 j k"Vh; v uqlwfpr t kfr v k; ksx d h v ; {k
7- U;k; ewfrZxksfoan i zlkn ekFkqj 2009&10 1- lw j t Hkku 2004&07
( dk; Zokgd) 2- cwVk fl ag 2007&10
8- U;k; ewfrZosQ- t h- cky".ku 2010 l sv c rd 3- i h- , y i qfu; k 2010 l sv c rd

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
eq
[ ; U;k; / h' k , oamud sd k; Zd ky
U;k; k/ h' k d k; Z
d ky
U;k- ghjkyky t s- dkfu; k 26 t uojh 1950&6 uoa cj 1951
U;k- , e i ra t fy ' kkL=kh 7 uoa cj 1951&3 t uojh 1954
U;k- esgj pa n egkt u 4 t uojh 1954&22 fnl a cj 1954
U;k- ch- ds- eq [ kt hZ 23 fnl acj 1954&31 t uojh 1956
U;k- , l - v kj- nkl 1iQ jojh 1956&30 fl ra cj 1959
U;k- Hkoqus'oj i zlkn fl Ugk 1 v DVw cj 1959&31 t uojh 1954
U;k- i h- ds- xt n sazxMdj 1iQ jojh 1964&15 ekpZ1966
U;k- , - osQ - l jdkj 16 ekpZ ] 1966&29 t w u 1966
U;k- ds- l C qckjko 30 t wu 1966&11 v i zS y 1967
U;k- ds- , u- okp aw 12 v i zS
y 1967&24 i Q jojh 1968
U;k- , e- fgnk; rq Yyk 25 i Qjojh 1968&16 fnl a cj 1970
U;k- t s- l h- ' kkg 17 fnl acj 1970&21 t uojh1971
U;k- , l - , e- fl djh 22 t uojh 1971&25 v i zS y 1973
U;k- v t rh ukFk js 26 v i zS
y 1973&27 t uojh 1977
U;k- , e- , p- csx 28 t uojh 1977&21 i Q jojh 1978
U;k- ; ' koar fo".kqpa nzpw
M+ 22 i Qjojh 1978&1 t q y kbZ1985
U;k- i h- , u- Hkxorh 12 t qy kbZ1985&20 fnl a cj 1986
U;k- j?kuqanu Lo: i i kBd 21 fnl acj 1986&16 t w u 1989
U;k- bZ- , l - osad Vjkeu 17 t wu 1989&17 fnl a cj 1989
U;k- l C;l kph eq [ kt hZ 18 fnl acj 1989&25 fl ra cj 1990
U;k- ja
xukFk feJk 26 fnl acj 1990&24 uoa cj 1991
U;k- osQ - , u- fl a g 25 uoa cj 1991&12 fnl a cj 1991
U;k- , e- , p- dkfu; k 13 fnl acj 1991&17 uoa cj 1992
U;k- yfyr eksgu ' kekZ 18 uoa cj 1992&11 i Q jojh 1993
U;k- , e- , u- osd a VpyS ;k 12 i Qjojh 1993&24 v DVw cj 1994
U;k- t s- , l - oekZ 25 ekpZ1997&17 t uojh 1998
U;k- , e- , e- i a N
qh 18 t uojh 1998&9 v DVw cj 1998
U;k- MkW - v kn' kZl su v kua n 10 v DVw cj 1998&31 v DVw cj 2001
U;k- , l - i h- Hk: pk 1 uoa cj 2001&5 ebZ2002
U;k- ch- , u- fdji ky 6 ebZ2002&7 uoa cj 2002
U;k- t h- ch- i Vuk; d 8 uoa cj 2002&18 fnl a cj 2002
U;k- oh- , u- [ kjs 19 fnl acj] 2002&1 ebZ2004
U;k- jkt nsazckcw 2 ebZ2004&31 ebZ2004
U;k- jse' k pa nzyksgkVh 1tu w 2004&31 v DVw cj 2005
U;k- ; ksxs'k oqQekj l Ccjoky 1 uoa cj 2005&13 t uojh 2007
U;k- osQ - t h- ckyk".ku 14 t uojh 2007&13 t uojh 2007
U;k- , l - , p- di kfM; k 12 ebZ2010 l sv c rd
U;k- , - dchj 29 fl racj 2012&18 t q y kbZ2013

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
U;k- i h- l Fkkf' koe~ 19 t q
y kbZ2013&26 v i zSy 2014
U;k- v kj- , e- yks<+k 27 v i zS
y 2014 l sv c rd
uksV%& eq [ ; U;k; k/ h' k dsbl i n i j v c rd l cl sNksVk dk; Z
d ky U;k; ew
frZds- , u fl a
g dk jgk] t ksdsoy 17 fnu ns'k ds
eq
[ ; U;k; k/ h' k jgsAbl i n i j l okZf/ d 7 o"kZ140 fnu dk dk; Z d ky okbZ- oh- panzew
M+dk jgk gSA
Hkkj r h; fons'k ea
=kh
- l -a fons'k ea =kh d k; Z
d ky v U; i n
1- t okgj yky usg: 2 fl ra
cj 1964&27 ekpZ1964 i z/kuea
=kh
2- xq t kjhyky ua nk 27 ebZ1964&9 t w u 1964 i z/kuea
=kh
3- ykycgknq j ' kkL=kh 9tw u 1964&17 t q y kbZ1964 i z/kuea
=kh
4- l jnku Lo.kZfl a g 18 t qy kbZ1964&14 uoa cj 1966 &&&&&
5- , l - l h- Nkxyk 14 uoa cj 1966&5 fl ra cj 1967 &&&&&
6- bfanjk xka /h 6 fl ra
cj 1967&13 i Q jojh 1969 i z/kuea
=kh
7- fnus'k fl a g 14 i Qjojh 1969&27 t w u 1970 &&&&&
8- l jnkj Lo.kZfl a g 27 t wu 1970&10 v DVw cj 1974 &&&&&
9- okb-Zch- pkOgk.k 10 v DVw cj 1970&24 ekpZ1977 &&&&&
10- v Vy fcgkjh okt i s;h 26 uoa cj 1977&28 t q y kbZ1977 i z/kuea
=kh
11- ' ; keua nu i zlkn fl a g 28 t qy kbZ1979&13 t uojh 1980 &&&&&
12- i h- oh- ujfl Ugkjko 14 t uojh 1980&19 t q y kbZ1984 i z/kuea
=kh
13- bfanjk xka /h 19 t qy kbZ1984&31 v DVw cj 1984 i z/kuea
=kh
14- jkt ho xka /h 31 v DVw cj 1984&24 fl ra cj 1985 i z/kuea
=kh
15- ckyhjke Hkxr 25 fl ra cj 1985&12 ebZ1986 &&&&&
16- i h- f' ko' kadj 12 ebZ1986&22 v DVw cj 1986 &&&&&
17- ukjk; .k nk& frokjh 22 v DVw cj 1986&25 t q y kbZ1987 &&&&&
18- jkt ho xka /h 25 t qy kbZ1987&25 t w u 1988 i z/kuea
=kh
19- i h- oh- ujfl Egkjko 25 t wu 1988&2 fnl a cj 1989 i z/kuea
=kh
20- fo' oukFk i zrki fl a g 2 fnl a
cj 1989&5 fnl a cj 1989 i z/kuea
=kh
21- v kb-ZosQ - xq t jky 5 v DVw cj 1984&24 fnl a cj 1989 i z/kuea
=kh
22- jkt ho xka /h 31 v DVw cj 1989&24 fl ra cj 1985 i z/kuea
=kh
23- fo| k pj.k ' kq Dy 21 uoa cj 1990&20 i Q jojh 1991 &&&&&
24- ek/ o fl a g l ksy adh 21 t wu 1991&31 ekpZ1992 &&&&&
25- i h- oh ujfl Egkjko 31 ekpZ1992&18 t uojh 1993 i z/kuea
=kh
26- fnus'k fl a g 18 t ojh 1993&10 i Q jojh 1995 &&&&&
27- i z.ko eq [ kt hZ 10 i Qjojh 1995&16 ebZ1996 &&&&&
28- fl da nj c[ r 21 ebZ1996&1 t w u 1996 &&&&&
29- v kb-ZosQ - xq t jky 1tw u 1996&18 ekpZ1998 i z/kuea
=kh
30- v Vy fcgkjh okt i s;h 19 ekpZ1985&5 fnl a cj 1998 i z/kuea
=kh

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
31- t l oar fl a g 5 fnl a
cj 1998&23 t w
u 2002 &&&&&
32- ; ' koa
r fl Ugk 1tq y kbZ2002&22 ebZ2004 &&&&&
33- uVoj fl a g 22 ebZ2004&6 uoa cj 2005 &&&&&
34- eueksgu fl a g 6 uoacj 2005&24 v DVwcj 2006 i z/kuea
=kh
35- i z.ko eq[ kt hZ 24 v DVwcj 2006&22 ebZ2009 &&&&&
36- , l - , e ".kk 22 ebZ2009&26 v DVw cj 2012 &&&&&
37- l yeku [ kw ' khZ
n 28 v DVwcj 2012&26 ebZ2014 &&&&&
38- lq "kekLojkt 26 ebZ2014& v c rd &&&&&
fo/ kui fj "kn~, oafo/ kul Hkk%, d r q y uk
- fo/ kui fj "kn~ - fo/ kul Hkk
1- fo/ kui fj"kn~jkT; fo/ kuea My dk mPp l nu v Fkok 1- fo/ kul Hkk jkT; fo/ kuea My dk fuEu l nu v Fkok i zFke
f}rh; l nu gksrk gS A l nu gksrk gS A
2- fo/ ku i fj"kn~dsl nL; ksadk fuokZ pu v i zR;{k : i l s 2- fo/ kul Hkk dsl nL; ksadk fuokZ pu i zR;{k : i l si w . kZ
vkuq i kfrd i zfrfuf/ Ro i fr dsvuq l kj , dy l a e.kh; o; Ld erkf/ dkj dsv k/ kj i j l k/ kj.k cgq er dh
er i z.kkyh dsv k/ kj i j gksrk gS A i fr }kjk gksrk gS A
3- fo/ kui fj"kn~, d LFkk; h fudk; gS ] ft l dk fo?kVu 3- fo/ kul Hkkdkdk; Z d ky 5 o"kZdkgksrkgS ] i ja
r qdk; Zd ky
ughafd; k t k l drk] i ja r q, d&frgkbZl nL; i zR;sd iw. kZgksusdsi w oZeq [ ; ea
=khdsi jke' kZi j jkT; i ky }kjkbl s
nkso"kZdh l ekfIr dsckn l sokfuok gkst krsgS arFkk Hka
x fd; k t k l drk gS A
budsLFkku i j u, l nL; fuokZ fpr gkst krsgS Abuds
a
l nL; ksadk dk; Z d ky 6 o"kZdk gksrk gS A
4- fo/ ku i fj"kn~dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k v f/ d&l s&v f/ d 4- fo/ kul Hkk dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k v f/ d&l s&v f/ d 500
jkT; dh fo/ kul Hkk dsl nL; ksadh l a [ ; k dh , d& rFkkde&l s&de 60 gksl drhgS A( v i okn&xksok( 40) ]
frgkbZgksrh gS ] i jar qog 40 l sde fdl h v oLFkk fet ksje ( 40) ] fl fDde ( 32) ] i q nqpsjh ( 30) )
esaughagksl drhA( v i okn&t Eew &d' ehj ( 36 l hV) )
5- fo/ kui fj"kn~jkT; dsdq N fo' ks"k oxksdk i fzrfuf/ Ro 5- fo/ kul HkkjkT; dhl eLr t urkdki zfrfuf/ Ro djrhgS A
djrh gS A
6- jkT; dhea f=ki fj"kn~fo/ kui fj"kn~dsi zfr mkjknk; hughagksrhA6- jkT; dhea f=ki fj"kn~fo/ kul Hkk dsi zfr mkjnk; hgksrk gS A
7- fo/ kui fj"kn~esaea f=ki fj"kn~dsfo: v fo' okl i zLrko 7- fo/ kul Hkk ea f=ki fj"kn~dsfo: v fo' okl i zLrko i kfjr
i kfjr dj ml si nP; q r ughafd; k t k l drkAog dj ml si nP; q r dj l drk gS A
ea f=ki fj"kn~dsdk; ksdh t ka p , oav kykspuk Hkh dj
l drh gS ] t ksi z'u , oai w j d i z'u i wNdj rFkk LFkxu
i zLrko }kjk fd; k t krk gS A
8- / u fo/ s;d fo/ kui fj"kn~esai zLrkfor ughafd; k t k 8- / u fo/ s;d dsoy fo/ kul Hkk esai zLrkfor fd; k t k
l drkA l drk gS A
9- fo/ kui fj"kn~dsl nL; jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ pu gsrqxfBr 9- fo/ kul Hkk dsl Hkh fuokZ fpr ( euksuhr ugha ) jk"Vi fr ds
fuokZ pd ea My dsl nL; ughagksrsgS Av FkkrZ~fo/ ku
a fuokZ pu gsrqxfBr fuokZ pd ea My dsl nL; gskrsgS A
a
i fj"kn~jk"Vi fr dspq uko esaHkkx ughaysl drs A v FkkZr ~fo/ kul Hkk dsfuokZ fpr l nL; jk"Vi fr dspq uko
esaHkkx ysl drsgS A
a

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
eq
[ ; ea =kh , oaj kT; i ky %i j Li j l a ca/ l j d kj h fo/ s;d , oafut h l nL; fo/ s;d
jkT; dh dk; Z i kfydk dh l oksZ Pp ' kfDr jkT; i ky esa oSl sfo/ s;d t ksea
f=ki fj"kn~dsfdl hl nL; }kjki zLrkfor
fufgr gksrhgS ] i jar qjkT; dk; Z i kfydkdkokLrfod i z/ku fd, t krsgS aosl jdkjhfo/ s;d rFkkjkT; fo/ kuea My ds
eq [ ; ea
=kh gksrk gS A
fdl h v U; l nL; }kjk i zLrkfor fo/ s;d fut h l nL;
eq [ ; ea
=khea f=ki fj"kn~, oajkT; i ky dschp dM+ hdkdke
fo/ s;d dgykrsgS A
a
djrk gS Aog jkT; i z'kkl u l sl a ca
f/ r l Hkh fu.kZ
; ksadh
lw puk jkT; i ky dksnsrk gS A( v uq PNsn 167) A l jdkjh fo/ s;d gsrqfdl h i woZl wpuk dh v ko' ; drk
eq [ ; ea
=kh dh fu; q fDr jkT; i ky }kjk dh t krh gS A ughagksrh gS
] i ja
r qfut h l nL; fo/ s;dksadsfy, , d
eq [ ; ea
=khl fgr ea f=ki fj"kn~O;fDrxr : i l sjkT; i ky ds eghusdh i woZl wpuk nsuk v ko' ; d gS
A
i zfr mkjknk; h gksrk gS A
l jdkjh fo/ s;d l kekU;r; k l jdkjh xt V esai zd kf' kr
dq N fo' ks"k i fjfLFkfr; ksadsv ykok l kekU;r; k eq [ ; ea=kh
dj fn; k t krk gSrFkk bl i j fdl h Hkh l e;
dh v ; {krk esaea f=ki fj"kn~}kjk fy, x, fu.kZ ; ksadks
Lohdkj djusgsrqjkT; i ky ck; gksrk gS A v ko' ; drkuq
l kj fopkj fd; k t krk gS A fut h l nL;
eq [ ; ea
=kh, oaea f=kea My dksjkT; i ky }kjk bl v k/ kj i j fo/ s;d dksi zLrq
r djusgsrqrkjh[ kfuf' pr dj nht krh
i nP; rq fd; kt kl drkgSfd ml usfo/ kul Hkkesav i uk gSA
cgq er [ kksfn; k gS A
^l okZf/ d oksV i kusoky sd h t hr * v kS j ^l ekuq

i kfr d i zfr fuf/ Ro* pq uko O;oLFkk d h r q y uk
l okZ f/ d oksV i kusoky sd h t hr l ekuq i kfr d i zfr fuf/ Ro
iwj sns'k dksNksVh&NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkb; ksaesacka
V fdl h cM+ sHkkSxksfyd {ks=k dks, d fuokZ pu eku fy; k t krk gS A
nsrsgS aft l sfuokZpu {ks=k ; k ft yk dgrsgS A
a iwj k dk i wj k ns'k , d fuokZpu {ks=k fxuk t k l drk gS A
gj fuokZ pu {ks=k l sdsoy , d i zfrfuf/ pq uk t krk , d fuokZ pu {ks=k l sdbZi zfrfuf/ pq ust k l drsgS A
ernkrk i zR;k' kh dksoksV nsrk gS A ernkrk i kVhZdksoks V nsrk gS
A
i kVhZdksi zkIr oksVksadsv uq i kr l sv f/ d ; k de gj i kVhZdksi zkIr er dsv uq i kr esafo/ kf; dkesal hVa
si zkIr gksrh
l hVsafo/ kf; dk esafey l drh gS A gSa
A
fot ; h mEehnokj dkst : jh ughafd oksVksadk fot ; h m Eehnokj dksoksVksadk cgq er i zkIr gksrk gS
A
cgq er ( 50$1) feysA
mnkjg.k&; w ukbVsM fdaxMe v kS j Hkkjr mnkgj.k& bt jkby v kS j uhnjyS M
a

Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
oLr q
fu"V i z'u
(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS Uk&l kdFku l a fo/ ku dsl a nHkZesal ghgS A 3- ' kkl u dk ra =kA
1- l jdkj dsxBu v kS j ml dh ' kfDr; ka sdsckjsesa 4- i zkf/ dkj dk l zksrA
l fao/ ku , d fyf[ kr nLrkost gS A (a) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1 v kS j 2
2- l fao/ ku fl i Z Qyksd rka f=kd ns'kksaesajgrk gSv kS j (c) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
bl dh t : jr , slsgh ns'kksaesagksrh gS A 6- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l k y{k.k Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku dks
3- l fao/ ku , d dkuw uh nLrkost gSrFkk v kn' kksZ, oa lal kj dk l cl scM+ kl a fo/ ku cukusesa; ksxnku ughansrk\
ew Y; ksal sbl dk dksbZl jksd kj ughagS A 1- fofHkUu i zd kj dsv ki krdkyksai j foLrkj l sfopkj
4- l fao/ ku ukxfjdksadksubZi gpku nsrk gS A fd; k x; k gS A
(a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1 v kS j 2 2- ; g l a l n v kS
j jkT; fo/ kul Hkkv ksadsl nL; ksadsvf/
(c) ds oy 4 (d) 2 v kS j 3 dkj v kS j fo' ks"kkf/ dkjksai j dkuwu cukrk gS A
2- fuEu esal sdkS Uk&l sdFku l a fo/ ku l Hkk dsfo"k; esal gh 3- ; g l Hkh i zd kj dh Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk dsfo"k; esa
ughagS \
a v kS j ml dsl ekIr gksusdsfo"k; esafunsZ ' k nsrk gSA
1- og o; Ld erkf/ dkj i j v k/ kfjr ughaFkkA 4- bl esau fl i Z QekS fyd vf/ dkjksadsfo"k; esafoLrkj gS
2- og i zR;{k fuokZ pu dk i fj.kke FkhA cfYd bu i j yxsfu"ks/ Hkh foLrkj l sfn, x, gS A
3- og cgq nyh; fudk; FkhA (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1 v kS j 4
4- ml usv usd l fefr; ksadsek; e l sdk; Zfd; kA (c) 2 v kS j 4 (d) 2] 3 v kS j 4
uhpsfn, x, ow QVksaesal sl gh mkj p; u dhft , & 7- Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku / eZ fuji s{k jkT; dh LFkki uk djrk gS A
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3 bl l sv fHki zk; gS
(c) 1 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4 1- jkT; l Hkh / eksdksl eku ekusxkA
3- ms'; &i zLrko dsfo"k; esafuEufyf[ kr esal sD; kl ghgS @
gSa
\ 2- l Hkhyksxksadsfo' okl vkS j mikl ukdhLora =krkgksxhA
1- l fao/ ku l Hkkesat okgjyky usg: usi zLrq r fd; kFkkA 3- ' kS {kf.kd l aLFkkv ksadksfcukfdl hv i okn ds/ kfeZ d
2- bl dsv a r xZr v Yi l a [ ; d dsU;k; ksfpr v f/ dkjksa f' k{kk nsusdh Lora =krk gksxhA
dksmBk; k x; k FkkA 4- jkT; jkstxkj dsfo"k; esa/ kfeZ d vk/ kj i j fdl hHkh
3- ; g ew y Hkwr v f/ dkjksadsfuekZ . k dk v k/ kj cukA i zd kj dk foHksn ughadjsxkA
4- bl dsv a r xZr / eZ fuji s{kv kSj l ekt oknhjkt uhfr dh (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3
LFkki uk dsfo"k; esadgk x; k FkkA (c) 3 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 4
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3 8- Hkkjr esal jdkj l a ?kkRed gSD; ksa fd&
(c) 1] 2] v kS j 4 (d) ds oy 3 1- dsa nzh; fo/ ku ea My f}l nuh gS A
4- i zLrkoukl fquf' pr v kn' kksdksi zfr"Bkfi r djrhgS ] ft udh 2- Hkkjr esa, d&ukxfjdrk nh xbZgS A
ppkZi zFke ckj 3- l a fo/ ku l oksZPp gS A
(a) t okgjyky us g: usjkohunhdsrV i j i w . kZLojkT; 4- Hkkjr esaLora =k U;k; i kfydk gS A
dh ?kks"k.kk okysHkk"k.k esadh FkhA (a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 4
(b) us g: fji ksVZea sgqbZFkhA (c) 2 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
(c) Hkkjrh; jk"Vi fr dka xzsl dsdjkphv f/ os'ku esa, d 9- fuEu esadkS u&l sdFku l gh gS \
a
i zLrko Lohdkj dj dh xbZFkhA 1- ekS fyd v f/ dkj v U; v f/ dkj l sfHkUu gS A
a
(d) l fao/ ku l Hkk }kjk Lohr i z Lrko esagq bZFkhA 2- l k/ kj.k dkuw uh v f/ dkjksadksl k/ kj.k dkuw uksa}kjk
5- fuEufyf[ kr esal sD; k i zLrkouk l sl q Li "V mHkjrk gS \ lq j {kk nh t krh gS
1- l fao/ ku dc v f/ fu; fer gq v k FkkA 3- ekS fyd v f/ dkjksadh l q j {kk Lo; al a
fo/ ku }kjk dh
2- ft u v kn' kksdksi zkIr djuk FkkA t krhgS A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
4- l jdkj dkdksbZHkhv a x ekS fyd v f/ dkjksadsfo: (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3
dksbZdk; ZughadjrkA (c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 2 v kS j 4
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 4 14- Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku esafczfV' kl a fo/ ku l sfuEu esal sdkS u&l s
(c) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4 rRo fy, x, gS \
a
10- uhfr&funs'kd rRo dsckjsesafuEu esal sdkS u&l sdFku l ghgS a\ 1- fof/ dk ' kkl u
1- ; g l fao/ ku dk , d fgLl k gS A 2- U;k; i kfydk dh Lora =krk
2- ; g okn ; ksX; ughagS A 3- dkuw u fuekZ . k dh i zf; k
3- bl dsi hNsuS frd ' kfDr gS A 4- l a l nh; l jdkj
4- ; sosv f/ dkj gS at ksukxfjdksadksekS fyd v f/ dkjksa (a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3
dsv ykok feyuspkfg, A (c) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (d) 2 v kS j 4
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1] 3 v kS j 4 15- fuEu ' kCnksadksl ghe esafoU;Lr djsa ] ft l e esamUgsa
(c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4 Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku dh i zLrkouk esafy[ kk x; k gS &
11- fuEu esal sdkS u ekSfyd vf/ dkjksadkl cl smfpr o.kZ u gS@gS a
\ 1- l a i zHkq
r kl a i Uu 2- / eZ fuji s{k
1- fdl h O;fDRk dksi znk l eLr v f/ dkjA 3- l ekt oknh 4- x.kjkT;
2- dkuw u }kjk ukxfjd dksi znk l eLr v f/ dkjA 5- yksd rka f=kd
3- l fao/ ku }kjk i znk v kS j lq fjf{kr l eLr v f/ dkjA (a) 2] 1] 3] 4] 5 (b) 1] 2] 3] 4] 5
4- l a fo/ ku }kjki znkosv f/ dkj ft u i j dHkhi zfrca / (c) 2] 1] 3] 5] 4 (d) 1] 3] 2] 5] 4
ughayxk; k t k l drkA 16- fuEufyf[ kr esal s D; k Hkkjr ds l a fo/ ku esajkT; ds
(a) 2 v kS j 4 (b) ds oy 3 uhfr&funs'kd rRoksaesal fEefyr gS \
a
(c) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (d) 2 v kS j 3 1- Hkkjr dh, drk] i zHkq r krFkkv[ ka Mrkdkscuk, j[ kukA
12- fuEu esal sdkS u l kaLfrd v kS j ' kS
f{kd v f/ dkjksadhl gh 2- l Hkhoxksesal a i fko HkkSfrd l zksr ksadkmfpr forj.kj[Akuk
O;k[ ; kgS@gS\
a 3- l koZ t fud LokLF; dksl q / kjukA
1- ' kS f{kd&l a LFkk [ kksy usokysv Yi l a [ ; d oxZdsgh 4- Hkkjr dsl eLr yksxksaesal kekU; HkzkrRo dh Hkkouk
cPpsml l a LFkku esai <+ kbZdj l drsgS A
a o l kea t L; cuk, j[ kukA
2- l jdkjh fo| ky; ksadks; g l q fuf' fpr djuk pkfg, 5- , sfrgkfl d o jk"Vh; egRo dsHkouksadhj{kkdjukA
fd v Yl a [ ; d oxZdscPpksadksmudhl a Lfr v kS j 6- l koZ t fud l a i fk dh j{kk djuk o fga l k dk R;kx
/ eZ&fo' okl ksal si fjfpr djk; k t k, A djukA
3- Hkk"kkbZv kS j / kfeZd v Yi l a [ ; d vi uscPpksadsfy, (a) 1] 3 v kS j 5 (b) 2] 4 v kS j 6
fo| ky; [ kksy l drsgS av kS j mudsfy, fo| ky; ksa (c) 2] 3 v kS j 5 (d) 1] 4 v kS j 6
dksv kjf{kr dj l drsgS A
a 17- / kfeZ
d LO kra =krkdsvf/ dkj dsi zko/ ku dsva r xZ
r l fEefyr gS
a
&
4- Hkk"kkbZv kS j / kfeZd vYi l a [ ; d ; g eka x dj l drsgS a 1- / eZi zpkj djusdk v f/ dkj
fd mudscPpsmuds}kjkl a pkfyr ' kS {kf.kd l aLFkkuksa 2- fl [ kksadksî k.k* / kj.k , oaj[ kusdk v f/ dkjA
dsv frfjDr fdl h v U; l a LFkku esaughai <+ sa
xsA 3- jkT; ksadksl ekt &l q / kj dsfy, fof/ fuekZ . k dk
(a) 1 v kS j 3 (b) 1] 3 v kS j 4 v f/ dkj
(c) ds oy 3 (d) 2 v kS j 3 4- / kfeZ d fudk; ksadksyksxksadk/ eZi fjorZ u djkusdk
13- buesal sdkS u ekS fyd v f/ dkjksadk mYya ?ku gS @gS
\
a v f/ dkj
1- U;w ure ns; et nw j h ughagksukA uhpsfn, x, ow QV l sl gh mkj dk p; u dhft , &
2- fdl h i q Lrd i j i zfrca / yxkukA (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 2] 3 v kS j 4
3- ukSct sjkr dsckn ykmM&Li hdkj ct kusi j jksd (c) 3 v kS j 4 (d) ; sl Hkh
yxkukA 18- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , &
4- Hkk"k.krS ; kj djukA 1- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku ea sHkkjr dsi zR;sd ukxfjd dsfy,
ckjg ew y drZ O; fu/ kZfjr fd, x, gS a
A
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku esaew y drZ O; dsl h/ sck; dj.k O;fDr dks] ml dsi zk.k ; k nS fgd Lora =krk l sfof/
dsfy, dksbZi zko/ ku ughagS A }kjk LFkkfi r i zf; k ds v uq l kj gh oa fpr fd; k
3- Hkkjr dsi zR;sd ukxfjd dsfy, v ke pq uko v Fkok t k, xk] v U;Fkkugha A
jkT; dspq uko esav i uker nsuk, d ew y drZ O; gS 2- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku ds21osav uq PNsn dsv uq l kj dksbZ
rkfd Hkkjr esa, d l f; yksd ra =k l iaksf"kr jgsA O;fDr fdl hv i jk/ dsfy, rc rd fl dks"kugha
mi ; D
qr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS\
a Bgjk; k t k, xk t c rd fd ml us, lsk dksbZdk; Z
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) ds oy 2 djusdsl e; ] t ksv i jk/ ds: i esav kjksfi r gS ]
(c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) ds oy 3 fdl h i zok fof/ dk v fre.k ughafd; k gS A
19- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , & (a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2
1- v uq PNsn 301 l a i fk dsv f/ dkj l sl caa gS A (c) 1 v kS j 2 (d) u rks1] u gh 2
2- l iafk dk v f/ dkj , d fof/ d v f/ dkj gSfda r q 24- fdl hO;fDr dhHkkjrh; ukxfjdrk jn~ n ; k fuyfEcr dh
; g ew y v f/ dkj ughagS A t k l drh gS &
3- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku esav uq PNsn 300A ml l e; dsa nz 1- ; fn dksbZO;fDr LosPNk l snw l jsns'k dh ukxfjdrk
esadkaxzsl l jdkj }kjk44osal a fo/ ku l a' kks/u l sv a r% xzg.k dj ysrk gS A
LFkkfi r fd; k x; kA 2- ; fn og ukxfjdrk dsnkf; Ro l si fjfpr ughagS a
mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS\
a 3- ; fn Hkkjr l jdkj dks; g fo' okl gks t k, fd
(a) ds oy 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3 ukxfjdrk Nyi w oZd i zkIr dhxbZgS A
(c) 1 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3 4- ; fn dksbZO ; fDr t Ue l sns'k dk ukxfjd gSfdUrq
20- Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku dsfuEufyf[ kr Hkkxksaesal sfdl , d esa fdl h fons'kh jk"V l s; q ds nkS j ku og ' k=kqdks
U;k; i kfydk rFkkdk; Z i kfydk dsi kFkZ D; dki zko/ ku gS \
a l gk; rki gqa
pkusdhxfrfof/ ; ksaesafyIr i k; kt krkgS A
(a) i z Lrkouk (a) 1 v kS j 3 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3
(b) ew y v f/ dkj (c) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
(c) jkT; dsuhfr&funs ' kd fl ka r 25- fuEu esal sdkS u&l sosv f/ dkj gS ] t ksHkkjrh; ukxfjdksads
a
(d) l kroharkfydk l kFkghHkkjrh; {ks=kesafuokl djusokysfonsf' k; ksadksHkh
21- fuEufyf[ kr esal s fdl ds ekeys mPp U;k; ky; v kS j i zkIr gS\
a
mPpre U;k; ky; nksuksadh v f/ dkfjrk esav krsgS A
a 1- ' kS f{kd , oal ka Lfrd v f/ dkj
(a) ds nzv kS
a j jkT; ksadh chp 2- / eZdh Lora =krk dk v f/ dkj
(b) jkT; ks adsi jLi j fookn 3- jkT; }kjkfya x] t kfr] / eZ, oat Ue LFkku dsv k/ kj
(c) ew y v f/ dkjksadk l a j {k.k i j HksnHkko dsfo# v f/ dkj
(d) l fao/ ku dsmYYka ?ku l sl a j {k.k 4- O;fDrxr Lora =krk dk v f/ dkj
22- ekSfyd drZ O;ksal sl a caf/ r fuEufyf[ kr esadku S&l k dFku (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 3 v kS j 4
l gh ughagS \ (c) 2 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
(a) mU gsai jekns'k }kjk i zHkkoh cuk; k t k l drk gS 26- fuEu esal sdkS u uhfr&funs'kd rRo ughagS \
(b) mU gsal aoS/ kfud i zf; k l sgh c<+ k; k t k l drk gS A 1- f' k{kk dk v f/ dkj
(c) v Li "V fof/ ; ks adh O;k[ ; k dsfy, mudk mi ; ksx 2- ekrRo l gk; rk
fd; k t k l drk gS A 3- cky Je i j jksd
(d) fdl h fof' k"V drZ O;ksadk i kyu djuk l a oS/ kfud 4- csxkj i j jksd
dkuw u ds{ks=k esav krk gSft l sU;k; ky; fuf' pr 5- l eku ukxfjd l a fgrk
djrk gS A (a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 5
23- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , & (c) 3 v kS j 4 (d) 2] 3] 4 v kjS5
1- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku ds20osav uq PNsn dsv uq l kj fdl h 27- ekS fyd v f/ dkjksadsl UnHkZesafuEufyf[ kr esadkS u&l s
dFku l R; ughagS \
a
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
1- buesal sdq N v f/ dkj l ' kL=k l sukv ksadksi zkIr gS A
a 2- Hkk"k.k v kS j v fHkO;fDr dh Lora =krk
2- ; sjk"Vi fr ds}kjk v ki krdky dh?kks"k.kk djusi j 3- v Yi l a [ ; dksadksv i uh Hkk"kk o l a Lfr dsl a j {k.k
Lor%fuyfEcr gkst krsgS A
a dk v f/ dkj
3- budksl ' kL=k l sukv ksai j l a ' kksf/ r <a x l sykxwdjus 4- Lora =krk v kS j t hou dh l q j {kk
dsfo"k; esadsoy jk"Vi fr gh fu.kZ ; ysl drsgS A
a (a) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (b) 2 v kS j 4
4- l fao/ ku dsew y rRo gksusdsdkj.k buea sl a
' kks/u (c) 1 v kS j 4 (d) 2 v kS j 3
ughafd; k t k l drk gS A 32- l Ei fkdkv f/ dkj] ew y v f/ dkjksaesa' kkfey ughagS ] bl s
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2] 3 v kS j 4 44osal a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u }kjkew y v f/ dkjksadhl w phl sgVk
(c) 1 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4 fn; k x; k gS A; g dk; Z i kfydk dksfuEufyf[ kr esal sD; k
28- i zsl dh Lora =krk dksv fHkO;fDr dh Lora =krk ( v uqPNsn v f/ dkj nsrk gS \
19( 1) ( d) ) dsv UrxZ r i zR;kHkw r fd; k x; k gS & 1- dk; Z i kfydkfof/ dsi zkf/ dkj }kjkghfdl hO;fDr
1- i zsl i j l kekU; : i l sdj yxk; k t k l drk gS A dksml dh l Ei fk l soa fpr dj l drh gS A
2- l jdkj , slh fof/ ; kayxkusesal a oS
/ kfud : i l s 2- dk; Z i kfydk] fof/ dsi zkf/ dkj dsfcuk Hkh fdl h
l {ke gS aft ul si zsl dk i fjpkyu de gksl dsA O;fDr dksml dh l Ei fk l soa fpr dj l drh gS A
3- i zsl i j l a slj ykxwughafd; k t k l drk gS A 3- dk; Z i kfydk] fut h l Ei fk dk v f/ xzg.k l Ei fk
4- v kS | ksfxd bdkb; ksai j ykxwgksusokyhl kekU; fof/ Lokeh dks, d jde nsd j dj l drh gS A
i zsl i j ykxwughagksxhA 4- v f/ xghr l Ei fk dk Lokeh] jde dsde gksusi j
(a) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (b) ds oy 1 l oksZPp U;k; ky; esabl dh; q fDr; qDrrkdsl UnHkZesa
(c) 1 v kS j 3 (d) 2 v kS j 4 v i hy dj l drk gS A
29- fuEufyf[ kr esal sl a fo/ ku l a ' kks/u ds}kjk uhfr&funs'kd (a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1 v kS j 2
fl ka r ksaesaD; k t ksM+ k x; k gS \ (c) ds oy 4 (d) 2 v kS j 3
1- i ; kZ oj.k dksl q / kjuk o j{kk djuk v kS j oU; t hou 33- fuEu esal sdkS u&l sdFku l gh gS \
a
dh l q j {kk djukA 1- ûkxfjdksadsfi NM+ soxZ* i n dhl a fo/ ku esai fjHkk"kk
2- Jfedksadkm| ksxksadsi zca / esaHkkxhnkjhdkvf/ dkjA ughanh xbZgS A
3- dk; Zdjusdk v f/ dkjA 2- fuokl i j v k/ kfjr foHksn dksl a fo/ ku }kjk v oS /
4- , sfrgkfl d egRo dsLFkyksadhl q j {kko vuq j {k.kdjukA ?kksf"kr fd; k x; k gS A
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 3- jkT; }kjk fi NM+ soxZdsfy, v kj{k.k dh O;oLFkk
(c) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (d) 1 v kS j 3 djuk v uq PNsn 16( 1) , oa( 2) dk v i okn gS A
30- la fo/ ku fujks/d ut jca nhdhvuq efr nsrkgSi ja r qv uq
ca f/ r 4- v uq PNsn 15 jkT; dks t Ue&LFkku ds v k/ kj i j
djrk gSfd& foHksn dh eukgh djrk gS A
(a) fdl h Hkh O ; fDr dks rhu ekg l s v f/ d fcuk (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1] 3 v kS j 4
l ykgdkj cksMZdhv uq efr dsut jcUnhesaughaj[ kk (c) 3 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3
t k l drk gS A 34- fuEu esal sdkS u&l sdFku l gh gS @ gS\
a
(b) ut jcU n dksut jcUnhdsv k/ kjksadksfxjrkjhl si w oZ 1- v ki krdky dsnkS j ku v uqPNsn 20 dksv uq PNsn 359
crknsuk pkfg, A dsv / hu fuyfEcr fd; k t k l drk gS A
(c) ut jcU nO ; fDr dksfxjrkj djusds24 ?ka VsdsHkhrj 2- v uq PNsn 358 dsv / hu jkT; dh dk; Z i kyd rFkk
fudVre eft LVsVdsl Eeq [ kt : j i zLrq r gksukpkfg, A fo/ k; h' kfDr v uq PNsn 19 esal ekfo"V Lora =krk ds
(d) mi jks Dr l Hkh v f/ dkjksa}kjk fucfU/ r ughagkst k, xhA
31- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l sekS fyd v f/ dkj dsoy Hkkjrh; (a) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (b) dsoy 2
ukxfjdksadksi zkIr gS ] fonsf' k; ksadksugha
a \ (c) ds oy 1 (d) bues al sdksbZugha
1- dkuw u dsl e{k l ekurk 35- lafo/ ku v uq lwfpr t kfr o v uq lw fpr t ut kfr; ksadsfgrksa
dh l q j {kk l q fuf' pr djrk gS &
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
1- fo/ kue.My esal hVksadsv kj{k.k }kjkA (a) ia pk; rksadsfy, i ka p o"khZ ; dk; Z d kyA
2- jkT; ksadks; g fo' ks"kv f/ dkj i znku fd; kx; kgSfd (b) ia pk; r dh l nL; rk dsfy, v uq lwfpr t kfr v kS j
oksv uq lw fpr t kfr o t ut kfr; ksadsv f/ dkjksai j] v uq lwfpr t ut kfr dsfy, LFkkuksadk v kj{k.kA
mudhmUufr dsfy, fo' ks"ki zfrcU/ yxkl drsgS A
a (c) i a pk; r ( xzke@e; orhZLrj) dsl HkhLFkkuksadsfy,
3- v uq lw fpr t kfr o v uq lw fpr t ut kfr; ksadsjk"Vh; v i zR;{kpq ukoA
v k; ksx }kjkA (d) efgykv ks adsfy, de&l s&de , d frgkbZLFkkuksadk
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3 vkj{k.kA
(c) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (d) ds oy 1 41- jk"Vi fr dsfuokZ pu e.My dsl nL; gksrsgS a
&
36- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , A 1- l a l n dsnksuksal nuksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; A
1- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku ea si q
#"kksarFkkefgykv ksa}kjkl eku 2- jkT; fo/ ku e.Myksadsnksuksal nuksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; A
dk; Zdsfy, l eku osru nsusdksc<+ koknsusdsfy, 3- l Hkh jkT; ksadsfo/ kul Hkkv ksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; A
dksbZmi cU/ ughagS A 4- fnYyh v kS j i kf.Mpsjh l Hkkv ksadsfuokZ fpr l nL; A
2- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku esafi NM+ soxksZ adksi fjHkkf"kr ugha uhpsfn; sx; sdw V l sl gh mkj dk p; u dhft , &
fd; kx; kA (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1 v kS j 3
mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS
\
a (c) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 3 v kS j 4
(a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2 42- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , &
(c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kjS u gh 2 1- Hkkjr dsjk"Vi fr fdl hHkhl e; v ; kns'ki z[; kfi r
37- fuEufyf[ kr esal s dkS u&l s Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku ds 51osa dj l drsgS A; fn mudks; g l ek/ ku gkst krkgSfd
a
v uqPNsn esajkT; uhfr dsfuns'kd rRoksads: i esaO;Dr , slh i fjfLFkfr; ka fo| eku gS aft uds dkj.k rq ja
r
fd, x, gS \
a dk; Z okgh djuk mudsfy, v ko' ; d gksx; k gS A
1- vU rjkZ "Vh; ' kkfU
r vkS
jlq j{kkdhvfHkofdki z;kl djsxkA 2- Hkkjr dsmi jk"Vi fr dksmudsi n dsfy, i q u%Hkh
2- jk"Vksadschp U;k; l a xr v kS j l Eekui w . kZl Eca
/ ksadks pq uk t k l drk gS A
cuk, j[ kusdk i z;kl djsxkA mi jksDr esal sdkS u&l k@ l sdFku l gh gS @gS\
a
3- v Urjk"ZVh; fooknksadsek; LFkrk }kjk fui Vkjsds (a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2
fy, i zksRl kgu nsusdk i z;kl djsxkA (c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kS j u gh 2
mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS
\
a 43- fuEufyf[ kr esal sl gh dFku dk p; u dhft , &
(a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 2 v kS j 3 (a) ; fn jk"Vi fr v kS j mi jk"Vi fr nksuksaghR;kxi =knsnsa ]
(c) 1 v kS j 2 (d) 1 v kS j 3 rksyksd l Hkk dk v ; {k u, jk"Vi fr dspq ust kus
38- Hkkjr dsl fao/ ku esav UrjkZ "Vh; ' kkfUr , oal q j {kkdsl ao/ Z u rd jk"Vi fr dk dk; ZdjsxkA
dk mYys[k dgk fd; k x; k gS \ (b) Hkkjrh; l a fo/ ku esapq uko yM+ usdhl cl sde v kS j
(a) l fao/ ku dh i z Lrkouk esa l cl sv f/ d v k; qdk i zko/ ku gS A
(b) jkT; dsuhfr&funs ' kd fl ka r ksaesa (c) jk"Vi fr dsR ; kx&i =k dh fLFkfr esami jk"Vi fr gh
(c) ew y dkZ O;ksaesa jk"Vi fr ds' ks"k dk; Z d ky dk dk; Zl EHkkysxkA
(d) ukS ohav uq lwph esa (d) Hkkjr dk jk"Vi fr l a l n dk v a x gSA
39- t c dksbZU;k; ky; v kns'k }kjk fdl h yksd i kzf/ dkjh dks 44- la?kl jdkj dsl U nHkZesafuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , &
ml dk dkO Z; djusdsfy, funsZ ' k nsrk gS ] ; fn ml ds 1- dS fcusV l fpo dh l ykg i j i z/kuea =kh }kjk Hkkjr
dkZO; i wj ku djusl s; kfpdkdrkZdks{kfr i gq pkrhgS
a ] rks l jdkj dseU=kky; ksa @
foHkkxksadkl t u fd; kt krkgS A
bl sfuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l h , d ; kfpdk dgrsgS \
a 2- gj , d ea =kky; dksi z/kuea =kh dh l ykg i j Hkkjr
(a) mR i zs"k.k (b) cU nhi zR;{khdj.k dsjk"Vi fr }kjkfdl hea =khdksi znku fd; kt krkgS A
(c) i jekns 'k (d) vf/ dkji PNk mi jksDr dFkuksaea sl sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS\
a
40- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l h] Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku dh uoha (a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2
lwph dh fof' k"Vrk ughagS \ (c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kS j u gh 2
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
45- Hkkjr ds i z/kuea =kh l s l a ca
f/ r fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j l nL; ksadsnks&frgkbZcgq er l si kfjr gksxkA
fopkj dhft , & 49- Hkkjr dsl a ?kdhdk; Z i kfydkfdu&fdu l sfeydj curhgS \
1- jk"Vi fr dhvuq i fLFkfr esaosl a l n dsnksuksal nuksa}kjk (a) jk"Vi fr] mijk"Vi fr] yks d l Hkkv; {kvkS j efU=ki fj"kn~A
i kfjr fo/ s;dksai j jk"Vi fr dhvksj l sgLrk{kj djrsgS a
A (b) jk"Vi fr] jkT; l Hkkdsmi l Hkki fr] yks d l Hkkv ; {k
2- jk"Vi fr }kjk l eLr fu; q fDr; ksaesaosmudksl gk; rk v kSj i z/kuea =khA
i znku djrsgS A
a (c) ds oy jk"Vi fr v kS j efU=ki fj"kn~ A
3- efU=ke.My }kjkfy, x, l Hkhfu.kZ ; ka
sdsckjsesaos (d) ds oy jk"Vi fr] mi jk"Vi fr v kS j efU=ki fj"kn~
A
jk"Vi fr dksl w fpr djrsgS A
a 50- i z/kuea
=kh dh fu; q fDr djusesajk"Vi fr
buesal sdkS u&l sdFku l gh gS \
a (a) yks d l Hkk dsl cl scM+ sny dsusrk dkspq urk gS A
(a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1 v kS j 2 (b) yks d l Hkk esacgq er v ft Z r djusokysxBcU/ u ds
(c) 1 v kS j 3 (d) 2 v kS j 3 nyksaesal cl scM+ sny dsusrk dkspq urk gS A
46- Hkkjr dsmi jk"Vi fr l sl Eca f/ r fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j (c) jkT; l Hkk dsl cl scM+ sny dsusrk dkspq urk gS A
fopkj dhft , & (d) xBcU / u v Fkok ml ny dsusrk dkspq urk gSft l s
1- mi jk"Vi fr dk fuokZ pu l a l n dsnksuksal nuksads yksd l Hkk dscgq er dk l eFkZ u i zkIr gksA
l nL; ksal sfeydj cuusokysfuokZ pdx.kdsl nL; ksa 51- Hkkjrh; l al n dsl U nHkZesafuEu esal sdkS u&l kdFku l R; gS \
}kjkgksrk gS A (a) v i usi n l seq fDr dsfy, yksd l Hkk; {k v i uk
2- fjfDr dh v of/ dsnkS j ku mi jk"Vi fr dsR;ksads R;kxi =k jk"Vi fr dksl Ecksf/ r djdsnsrk gS A
fuoZ gu dsfy, fdl h O;fDr dsckjsesal a fokku (b) yks d l HkkdhcS Bd dsfy, ] x.ki w frZgsrqdq y l nL; ksa
mYys[k ughadjrkA dknl okaHkkx v ko' ; d gS ] t cfd jkT; l Hkkdsfy,
bu dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @
gS\
a x.ki w frZl a [ ; k] dq y l nL; ksadk 20okaHkkx gS A
(a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2 (c) ' ki Fkys usl si w oZ; fn l a l n dsfdl hl nu dkdksbZ
(c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kjS u gh 2 l nL; l a l n Hkou esacS Brk gS; k ernku djrk gS ]
47- i z/kuea
=kh v i uh fu; q fDr dsl e; & rksi ka p l kS#i ; si zfrfnu dh nj l sml l st q ekZuk
1- v ko' ; d ughagSfd og l a l n l nL; gksysfdu ml s ol w y fd; k t k, xkA
6 ekg dsHkhrj l a l n dsfdl hHkhl nu dkl nL; (d) yks d l Hkk; {kdksgVkusdsfy, U;w ure , d ekg dk
cuukv ko' ; d gS A uksfVl nsd j rFkk ; g v of/ chrusi j yksd l Hkk esa
2- vko' ; d ughagSfd og l a l n l nL; gksysfdu ml s6 nks&frgkbZcgq er l si zLrko i kfjr dj yksd l Hkk; {k
ekg dsHkhrj yksd l Hkkdkl nL; cuukvko' ; d gS A dksgVk; k t k l drk gS A
3- ml sl lan dsfdl h l nu dk fuokZ fpr ; k euksuhr 52- Li hdj ds i n ds fo"k; esafuEufyf[ kr dFkuksaesal s
l nL; gksuk v ko' ; d gS A dkS u&l k l gh gS \
4- dsoy yksd l Hkk dk fuokZ fpr l nL; gksuk pkfg, A (a) og jk"Vi fr dsi z l kn i ; ZUr i n / kj.k djrk gS A
(a) ds oy 1 (b) 1 v kS j 2 (b) ; g v ko' ; d ughagSfd v i usfuokZ pu dsl e; og
(c) ds oy 2 (d) ds oy 4 l nu dkl nL; gks] i ja r qml sv i usfuokZ pu dsckn
48- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k , d l gh gS \ yksd l Hkk N%ekg dsHkhrj l nu dk l nL; gkst kuk i M+ sxkA
dsv ; {k dksml dsi n l sgVkusdsfy, l d a Yi A (c) ; fn l kekU ; v of/ l si w oZl nu dksHka x dj fn; k
(a) yks d l Hkk dsrRdkyhu l eLr l nL; ksadscgq er l s t k, rksml sv i uk i n NksM+ uk gksxkA
i kfjr gksxkA (d) ; fn og R ; kxi =k nsuk pkgsrksml sv i uk R;kxi =k
(b) nks uksal nu yksd l Hkk rFkk jkT; l Hkk dsrRdkyhu mi k; {k dksl Ecksf/ r djuk gksxkA
l eLr l nL; ksadscgq er l si kfjr gksxkA 53- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l k dFku l gh ughagS \
a
(c) yks d l Hkk dsdq y l nL; ksadsnks&frgkbZcgq er l s (a) 42os al a
' kks/u dsv a r xZ
r yksd l Hkk rFkk i zns'kksadh
i kfjr gksxkA fo/ kul Hkkv ksadhv of/ dky 5 o"kZl s6 o"kZrd
(d) yks d l Hkkdsmi fLFkfr v kS j ernku esaHkkx ysusokys c<+ k; kx; kA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
(b) i z/kuea =kh dsi jke' kZi j jk"Vi fr yksd l Hkk dksHka x (c) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
dj l drk gS A 58- v kdyu l fefr (Estimate Committee) dsl Eca / esa
(c) / u&fo/ s ; d jkT; l Hkkesai zLrqr ughafd, t kl drsA fuEu esal sdkS u&l sdFku l R; gS \
a
(d) jkT; l Hkk ds, d&frgkbZl nL; i z R;sd rhu o"kZdh 1- bl l sjkT; l Hkk dksdksbZl nL; l Ec ughagksrkA
v of/ l ekIr gksusi j l sok fuok gkst krsgS A
a 2- bl dh l nL; l a [ ; k 20 gksrh gS A
54- v UrjkZ
"Vh; l fU/ ; ksadksHkkjr dsfdl hHkkx v Fkokl Ei w . kZ 3- bl dsl nL; , d o"kZdhv of/ dsfy, v kuq i kfrd
Hkkjr esaykxwdjusdsfy, l a l n dksbZHkh dkuw u cuk i zfrfuf/ Ro dsv k/ kj i j pq ust krsgS A
a
l drh gS A 4- yksd l Hkk v ; {k] l fefr ds fdl h l nL; dks
(a) l Hkh jkT; ks adh l gefr l s l fefr dk v ; {k euksuhr djrk gS A
(b) cgq la [ ; d jkT; ksadh l gefr l s (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1] 3 v kS j 4
(c) l EcfU / r jkT; ksadh l gefr l s (c) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (d) 2] 3 v kS j 4
(d) fcuk fdl h jkT; dh l gefr l s 59- lal n dsfdl hl nL; dksnycnyusdsv k/ kj i j v ; ksX;
55- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k , d l gh ughagS \ ?kksf"kr djusdsfy, fuEufyf[ kr esal sfdu i fjfLFkfr; ksa
(a) yks d l Hkk esa ] v fo' okl i zLrko i zLrq r djusdsfy, dk gksuk v fuok; ZgS \
, sl sdkj.k] ft u i j og vk/ kfjr gS ] nsukvko' ; d gS A 1- ; fn og LosPNkl sjkt uhfrd ny dhl nL; rkNksM+nsrkgS A
(b) yks d l Hkk esavfo' okl i zLrko i zLrq r djusdsfy, ] 2- ; fn og vi usjkt uhfrd ny ds}kjk t kjh funsZ ' kksads
fu; eksaesaxzkrkdhdksbZ' krsZ afu/ kZ fjr ughadhxbZgS a
A fo#ernku djrkgS; kfoi {khny dksvi uker nsrkgS A
(c) ; fn fdl h v fo' okl i z Lrko dksLohr dj fy; k 3- ; fn og v i usny dsfo# c; ku nsrk gS A
t k, rksbt kt r feyusdsnl fnu dsHkhrj ml i j 4- ; fn og nw l jh jkt uhfrd i kVhZdh l nL; rk xzg.k
dk; Z okgh djuk v fuok; ZgS A dj ysrk gSrFkk ml ny dhl nL; rk NksM+nsrk gS ]
(d) jkT; l Hkkfdl hv fo' okl i z Lrko dksxzg.kdjusds ft l dsfVdV i j ml uspq uko yM+ k Fkk rFkk fot ;
fy, l ' kDr ughagS A i zkIr dh FkhA
56- fuEu esal sdkS u&l k dFku l R; ughagS \ (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 4
1- jkT; l Hkk dks/ u fo/ s;d dksv Lohdkj djus; k (c) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (d) 2] 3 v kS j 4
ml esal a ' kks/u djusdk dksbZv f/ dkj ughagS A 60- fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , &
2- dksbZfo/ s;d] / u fo/ s;d gS; kugha; g r; djusdk 1- , d fo/ s;d t ksjkT; dsfo/ ku&e.My esayfEcr
l oZ i zeq[ ko vfUre vf/ dkj yksd l Hkkv; {k dksgS A gks] og ml dsl nu ; kl nuksadsl =kkol ku dsdkj.k
3- v f[ ky Hkkjrh; l sokv ksadsfuekZ . k esayksd l Hkk dks l ekIr ughagkst krk gS A
jkT; l Hkk l sT; knk v f/ dkj gS A
a 2- fdl h jkT; dh fo/ ku&i fj"kn~esayfEcr foks;d]
4- 1976 esa/ u fo/ s;d jkT; l Hkk esai zLrq r fd; kx; k t ksfo/ kul Hkk esai kfjr u gq v k gks] fokkul Hkk ds
FkkA Hka x gkst kusi j l ekIr ughagkst krkA
(a) 1 v kS j 3 (b) 3 v kS j 4 mi ; q Dr dFkuksaesal sdkS
Z u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS\
a
(c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2
57- / u fo/ s;d dsl Eca / esafuEu esal sdkS u&l sdFku l R; gS a
\ (c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kS j u gh 2
1- / u fo/ s;d] jkT; l Hkk esai zLrq r ughafd; k t k 61- ^Hkkfjr* O;; l srkRi; ZgS
l drkA (a) Hkkjr dhl a fpr fuf/ l sO ; ; ] t ksfd xS j &ernku ; ksX;gS A
2- / u fo/ s;d] jk"Vi fr dh v uq efr dsfcuk i zLrq r (b) fopkjk/ hu O ; ; ksadsHkqxrku i j gq , O;; l sA
ughafd; k t k l drkA (c) jk"Vi fr ft u O ; ; ksadksfcuk l a l n dh ea twj h ds
3- dksbZfo/ s;d] / u fo/ s;d gS; kugha ] bl dkv fUre Lohr dj l drk gS A
fu.kZ ; jk"Vi fr djrk gS A (d) Hkkjr dh l a fpr fuf/ l si zLrkfor l Hkh O;; ksal sA
4- jkT; l Hkk/ u fo/ s;d dksv Lohdkj ughadj l drhA 62- U;kf; d l eh{kk dh i zf; k esal fEefyr gS @gS
&
a
(a) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 2] 3 v kS j 4 1- U;k; i kfydk }kjk l a fo/ ku dh l eh{kkA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- dk; Z i kfydk] ekeyksai j v i usfopkj i zd V djusds mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l sl gh gS \
a
fy, ml sU;k; i kfydk dsi kl Hkst rh gS A (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3
3- dk; Z i kfydk, oaO;LFkkfi dkl sl Eca f/ r fo"k; ksadh (c) 1 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3
loaS/ kfud oS / rk dksi j[ kusdsfy, U;k; i kfydk 66- U;kf; d i q ufoZ y ksd u esaU;k; ky; dksfuEufyf[ kr vfkdkj gS A
}kjk mudh t ka pA (a) ; fn dks bZdkuw u ; kv kns'kl a fo/ ku dsfoi jhr gksrks
4- U;k; i kfydk }kjk l e; &l e; i j l jdkjh l a xBuksa ml sv l a oS / kfud ?kksf"kr djukA
dh dk; Z i z.kkyh dh t ka pA (b) fupysU ; k; ky; ksadsv kns'kksadk i qufoZ y ksd u djukA
(a) ds oy 3 (b) 2 v kS j 3 (c) fupysU ; k; ky; ksadsfu.kZ ; dsfo# v i hy l q uukA
(c) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (d) ds oy 1 (d) dkuw uksadkbl nf"Vdks.kl si jh{k.k, oamudscukus
63- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u l gh l q esfyr ughagS \ esafu/ kZ fjr i zf; k dk v uq i kyu gq v k gS A
1- cUnhi zR;{khdj.k & ' kkfCnd rkS j i j v FkZgS 67- mPpre U;k; ky; dh i jke' khZv f/ dkfjrk dsfo"k; esa
Ô;fDr dksl keusykv ks* fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l sdFku l gh gS \
a
2- i jekns'k & , d O;fDr dksl koZ t fud 1- mPpre U;k; ky; dsfy, ; g ck; dkjhgSfd og
dkZ O; djusdkfunsZ ' kgSA jk"Vi fr }kjkfunsZ f' kr fdl hHkhekeysesav i uker
3- vf/ dkji PNk & fupyhv nkyr esaekeys O;Dr djsa A
dhl q uokbZjkd s usdsfy, 2- i jke' khZv f/ dkfjrkdh' kfDr dsv/ hu i zkIr fdl h
t kjhv kns'kA funsZ' k i j mPpre U;k; ky; dh i w . kZi hB l quokbZ
4- i zfr"ks/ & fupyhv nkyr dsfu.kZ ; djrh gS A
; kvkns'kdks[ kkfjt djus 3- i jke' khZv f/ dkfjrkdsv / hu i zkIr funsZ ' ki j O;Dr
gsrqt kjhA fd; k gq v k mPpre U;k; ky; dk er l jdkj i j
(a) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1 v kS j 2 ck; dkjhughagksrkA
(c) ds oy 3 (d) 3 v kS j 4 4- mPpre U;k; ky; dksml dh i jke' khZv f/ dkfjrk
64- Hkkjrh; l lan ds l Eca / esafuEufyf[ kr dFkuksaesal s dh' kfDr dsv / hu , d ckj esadsoy , d ghfunsZ 'k
dkSu&l k l gh ughagS \ Hkst k t k l drk gS A
(a) fofu; ks t u fo/ s;d dk] dkuw u cuusl si w oZ]la l n ds uhpsfn, gq , dw Vksadh l gk; rk l sl gh mkj dk p; u
nksuksal nuksa}kjk i kfjr gksuk v fuok; ZgS A dhft , &
(b) fofu; ks t u vf/ fu; e dsv/ hu fofu; kst u gq , fcuk (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 1 v kS j 3
Hkkjr dsl a fpr fuf/ esal s/ u ughafudkykt kl drkA (c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 2 v kS j 4
(c) u, dj i z Lrkfor djusdsfy, fokfo/ s;d dkgksuk 68- lafo/ ku usU;k; ky; ksadks{ks=kh; jkt uhfr l sv yx j[ kusds
vko' ; d gSt cfd pkywdjksadhnj esacnyko dsfy, fy, U;k; ky; ksadksdq N ekeyksaesadsUnzdsv / hu j[ kkx; k
fdl hvU; fo/ s;d@ vf/ fu; e dhvko' ; drkughagS A gS
AdsUnzv i uk fu; a =k.k fuEu esafdu ekeyka sesaj[ krk gS\
(d) jk"Vi fr dh fl i Q kfj' k dsfcuk dksbZ/ u fo/ s;d 1- , d mPp U;k; ky; l snw l jsmPpU;k; ky; esaLFkkuka r j.k
ughayk; k t k l drkA dsekeysesa A
65- Hkkjr dsyksd fok l sl Eca f/ r fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j 2- nksjkT; ksadsfy, , d mPp U;k; ky; dhLFkki ukds
fopkj dhft , & ekeysesa A
1- Hkkjr dsyksd ys[kk l sl a forj.k l a l n dser ds 3- mPp U;k; ky; ds U;k; k/ h' kksa dh v k; q l Eca /h
v ; k/ hu gS A
a fookn dsekeysesa A
2- Hkkjr dsl a fo/ ku esai zR;sd jkT; dsfy, l a fpr fuf/ ] (a) ds oy 1 (b) 2 v kS j 3
yksd ys[kk vkS j v kdfLed fuf/ dk mica / gS A (c) 1 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3
3- jsy ct Vesafofu; kstu rFkkl a forj.kvU; fofu; kstuksa 69- lafo/ ku esav UrjkZ T; h; i fj"kn~dsD; k dk; Zfuf' pr fd,
v kS
j la forj.kksadh rjg gh l a l n dsl eku fu; a =k.k x, gS \
a
dsv / hu gS A 1- jkT; ksadse; fooknksadht ka p djuko i jke' kZnsukA
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
2- nks; k v f/ d jkT; ksadsl eku fgr dsekeyksadh fdl h v U; rjhdsv kS j dkj.k l smudsi n l sugha
t kpa djukA gVk; k t k l drkA
3- fdl hHkhfo"k; i j dk; Z okghv kS j uhfr esal kea t L; 4- pq uko v k; q Dr dk dk; Z d ky mudsi nHkkj l EHkkyus
LFkkfi r djusdh fl i Q kfj' k djukA dhrkjh[ kl si ka p o"kZv Fkokmuds62 o"kZdhv k; q
4- O ; ki kj o okf.kT; dhLora =krkl sl Eca f/ r O; oLFkkvksa i zkIr dj ysusdsfnu rd] t ksHkh i gysgksrk gS A
dksykxwdjukA buesal sdkS u&dkS u l sdFku l gh gS \
a
(a) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3
(c) 2 v kS j 4 (d) 2] 3 v kS j 4 (c) 1 v kS j 4 (d) 2 v kS j 4
70- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l k@ l sdFku l a ?kokn dsfl ka r dk 73- yksd v nkyrksadsl UnHkZesa ] fuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj
v fre.k ughadjrk@ djrsgS @gS \
a dhft , &
1- Hkkjr dkjk"Vi fr v ki kr dsmi cU/ ksadsv / hu nksuksa 1- , d yksd vnkyr }kjkfd; k x; k vf/ fu.kZ ; fl foy
dk i z'kkl u v i usgkFk esaysysrk gS A U;k; ky; dkvkns'k(Decree) eku fy; kt krkgSvkS j
2- Hkkjr esal a l n dksl eorhZl w phv FkokjkT; l w phesa bl dsfo# fdl hU;k; ky; esavi hy ughagksrhgS A
i zxf.kr u fd, x, fdl h Hkh fo"k; i j dksbZHkh 2- fookg&l Eca / h@
i kfjokfjd fookn yksd v nkyr esa
fof/ cukusdh v uU;&' kfDr gS A l fEefyr ughagksrsgS A
a
3- l ? ak , oai zka
r ksadse; ' kfDr; ksadk forj.k] Hkkjrh; mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS\
a
l fao/ ku esai zxf.kr rhu fofHkUu l w fp; ksadsek; e (a) ds oy 1 (b) ds oy 2
l sfd; k t krk gS A (c) 1 v kS j 2 nksuksa (d) u rks1 v kS j u gh 2
uhpsfn, x, dw V dk i z;ksx dj l gh mkj pq fu, & 74- l oksZ
Pp U;k; ky; v fHkys[k U;k; ky; gS Abl dk rkRi; ZgS A
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3 1- ; g v i uh v oekuuk i j nf.Mr dj l drk gS A
(c) ds oy 3 (d) 1 v kS j 3 2- bl dsfu.kZ ; dksl k{; ds: i esaekU;rknht krhgS
71- Hkkjr dsfuokZ pu v k; ksx dsdk; ZgS &
a rFkk fdl h Hkh U;k; ky; esabl i j i 'zufpUg ugha
1- l lan , oa jkT; fo/ ku e.Myksa ds l Hkh pq uko yxk; k t k l drk gS A
djokukA 3- Hkkjr esapysl Hkh egRoi w . kZeqd neksadsv fHkys[k
2- jk"Vi fr vkS j mi jk"Vi fr i nksadsfy, pq uko djokukA bl sl q j f{kr j[ kusgksrsgS A
a
3- fdl h jkT; esaLora =k , oafu"i {k pq uko dsfy, 4- l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; }kjk fy; k x; k fu.kZ ; ] Lo; ai j
v uq dw y n' kk u gksusi j jk"Vi fr ' kkl u yxk, t kus cU/ udkjhgksrk gS A
dh l a Lrq
fr djukA (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1 v kS j 2
4- fuokZ pu l w fp; karS ; kj djkusdsdk; Zdk fujh{k.k] (c) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (d) 1] 2] 3 v kjS4
funsZ' ku , oafu; a =k.kA 75- fuEufyf[ kr esal sdkS u&l sdFku l R; gS &
a
(a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1] 2 v kS j 4 1- l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; dsv kns'ko i a pkV l Ei w . kZHkkjr esa
(c) 1] 3 v kS j 4 (d) l Hkhpkjks a i zorZuh; gksrsgS A
a
72- Hkkjr dsl UnHkZesafuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , & 2- l oksZ Pp U;k; ky; v i usi w oZdsfu.kZ ; ksal sca/ kughagS A
1- eq [ ; pq uko v k; q Dr v kS j v U; pq uko v k; q Drksadks 3- U;kf; d i q ujkoyksd u dh' kfDr dsv UrxZ r l oksZ Pp
l eku v f/ dkj i zkIr gS ai ja r qfeyusokysosru esa U;k; ky; fdl h Hkh dkuw u dksml dsmn~ ns'; ksads
v l ekurkgS A v k/ kj i j v l a oS/ kfud djkj nsl drk gS A
2- eq [ ; pq uko v k; q Dr ogh osru i kusdk gdnkj gS 4- l a fo/ ku dsv UrxZ r dksbZHkh{ks=kU;kf; d i q ujkoyksd u
ft ruk mPpre U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k dksfn; k l sckgj ughagS A
t krkgS A (a) 1] 2 v kS j 3 (b) 1 v kS j 2
3- eq [ ; pq uko v k; q Dr dksmPpre U;k; ky; dsfdl h (c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 3 v kS j 4
U;k; k/ h'kdksgVkusdsrjhdsv kS j dkj.kksadsv frfjDr 76- Hkkjr dsfu; a =kd , oaegkys[kk i jh{kd dsl Eca / esafuEu
esal sdkS u&l sdFku l R; gS \
a
Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk
1- Hkkjr ds fu; a =kd , oaegkys[kk i jh{kd dk i n v k; ksx dsuke l sl a LFkki uk, agS A
a
l fao/ ku }kjk l ft r fd; k x; k gS A 3- bl dh ' kfDr; kadsoy fl i Q kfj' kh i zfr dh gS A
a
2- og 5 o"kZ; k60 o"kZdhv k; qrd t ksHkhi gysgks] 4- v k; ksx ds, d l nL; ds: i esa, d efgyk dks
i n i j cuk jg l drk gS A fu; q
Dr djuk v kKki jd gS A
3- ml si n l sdsoy egkfHk; ksx }kjkgVk; kt kl drkgS A mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&dkS u l sl gh gS \
a
4- og Hkkjr dhl a fpr fuf/ l sO ; ; fd, x, l Hkhenksa (a) 1] 2 v kS j 4 (b) 2 v kS j 4
rFkkdsUnz, oal HkhjkT; ksa}kjkO ; ; dhxbZ/ ujkf' kdk (c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1 v kS j 3
i jh{k.k djrk gSrFkk bl ckr dht ka p djrk gSfd 79- Hkkjr dsegkU;k; oknhdsl UnHkZesafuEufyf[ kr dFkuksai j
O; ; fof/ dsv uq l kj fd; k x; k gS; k ugha A fopkj dhft , &
(a) 1] 2] 3 v kS j 4 (b) 1] 3 v kS j 4 1- og jk"Vi fr }kjk fu; q Dr fd; k t krk gS A
(c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 3 v kS j 4 2- ml dsi kl oghv gZ r k, agksuhv ko' ; d gS ] t ksmPp
a
77- Hkkjr dsfok v k; ksx dsl Eca / esafuEu esal sdkS u&l s U;k; ky; dsU;k; k/ h' k dsfy, v ko' ; d gS A
a
dFku l R; gS \
a 3- v i usdkZ O;ksadsi fji kyu esaml sHkkjr dsl Hkh
1- ; g , d l a oS/ kfud fudk; gS ] ft l dk xBu gj 7 U;k; ky; ksaesaJo.kkf/ dkj gksxkA
o"kZckn i z/kuea =kh }kjk fd; k t krk gS A mi jksDr dFkuksaesal sdkS u&l k@ l sl gh gS @gS
\
a
2- ; g dsUnz, oajkT; ksadse; djksadsca Vokjsl Eca
kh (a) ds oy 1 (b) 1 v kS j 3
fl i Qkfj' ksadjrk gSrFkk Hkkjr dh l a fpr fuf/ l s (c) 2 v kS j 3 (d) 1] 2 v kS j 3
jkT; ksadksv uq nku l gk; rk mi yC/ djkrk gS A 80- ia
pk; rksav kSj uxji kfydkv ksaesal hVksadsv kj{k.k dsfo"k;
3- ; g ct V fuekZ . kdjusesaegRoi w . kZHkw
fedkfuHkkrkgSA esaD; k dguk l gh ughagksxk\
4- orZ eku fok v k; ksx dsv ; {k l h- ja xjkt u gS
A
a (a) v uq lw fpr t kfr v kS j v uq lwfpr t ut kfr; ksadsfy,
(a) 1 v kS j 2 (b) 2 v kS j 3 l hVksadk v kj{k.k mudh t ul a [ ; k dsv uq i kr ds
(c) 3 v kS j 4 (d) 2 v kS j 4 v uql kj fd; k t krk gS A
78- Hkkjr dsjk"Vh; ekuokf/ dkj vk; ksx dsfo"k; esafuEufyf[ kr (b) i z R;{k fuokZ pu }kjk Hkjh t kusokyh dq y l hVksaesal s
dFkuksai j fopkj dhft , & , d&frgkbZLFkku efgykvksadsfy, vkjf{kr gksuspkfg,A
1- bl dk v ; {k v fuok; Z: i l sHkkjr dk l sokfuok (c) v uq lw fpr t kfr o t ut kfr dsfy, v kj{k.k 2010
eq[ ; U;k; ew frZgksuk pkfg, A rd i zHkkoh gS A
2- bl i zd kj dk i zR;sd jkT; esajkT; ekuokf/ dkj (d) vukjf{kr l hVks ai j efgyk, apq uko ughayM+l drhgS a
A
ANSWER
1. (c) 11. (b) 21. (b) 31. (d) 41. (d) 51. (c) 61. (a) 71. (b)
2. (a) 12. (c) 22. (b) 32. (d) 42. (b) 52. (d) 62. (a) 72. (b)
3. (c) 13. (a) 23. (d) 33. (b) 43. (d) 53. (d) 63. (d) 73. (a)
4. (d) 14. (a) 24. (c) 34. (b) 44. (b) 54. (d) 64. (c) 74. (b)
5. (d) 15. (c) 25. (c) 35. (c) 45. (d) 55. (b) 65. (d) 75. (b)
6. (c) 16. (c) 26. (c) 36. (b) 46. (c) 56. (b) 66. (a) 76. (b)
7. (d) 17. (a) 27. (b) 37. (a) 47. (a) 57. (c) 67. (c) 77. (d)
8. (a) 18. (b) 28. (b) 38. (b) 48. (a) 58. (b) 68. (d) 78. (d)
9. (d) 19. (b) 29. (d) 39. (c) 49. (c) 59. (b) 69. (b) 79. (d)
10. (d) 20. (c) 30. (a) 40. (c) 50. (d) 60. (c) 70. (c) 80. (d)


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Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

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Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

Head Office : synergy 102,manushree building

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