CLINICAL CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS

1. Set of values of a measure quantity obtained from a group of individuals? REFERENCE VALUES
2. Lyophilized reagents use what type of spectro? CHEMILUMINESCENCE
3. Reflectance photometry is used in what type of reagent? DRY
4. Reagent with highest purity? ANALYTICAL
5. What is the designtaion of chemical with highest purity? SPECTROQUALITY
6. It is performed to ascertain chemically pure reagents purity? MELTING POINT ANALYSIS
7. Reagent used in special procedures? ANALYTICAL
8. Chemical purity used in drug manufacture? PHARMACOPOEIA
9. Chemical purity is not known with this grade? TECHNICAL
10. What is the most frequent reagnet used in the lab?WATER
11. Is used to remove particulate matter before any additional treatments? FILTRATION
12. Filter used in distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis treatment? SUBMICRON FILTER
13. Size of the filter asked in no 12.? 0.2 MM
14. T/F. Bases should be stored in polyethylene containers TRUE
15. T/F. Oxidizers can be kept together with reducing agnets FALSE
16. Water purity is ascertained by? RESISTANCE
17. Water quality is determined by? BACTERIA, PH, RESISTIVITY, SIO2, TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
18. Type of preparation wherein water is boiled, vaporized, condensed and all oraganic matl are removed with an
acidic pH? DISTILLATION
19. Type of water preparation wherein water is purified by ion exchange, has organic materials and is not safe for
drinking DEIONIZED
20. Type of water that is acceptable for glassware washing only? TYPE III
21. Water used in autoanalyzers for rinsing? INSTRUMENT FEED H2O
22. Type of water that has higheset purity and is used in preparing standard preparation? TYPE I
23. Used for thermometer verification?GALLIUM
24. Thermometer used for heating blocks and water baths PARTIAL IMMERSION
25. Thermometer used for ref applications TOTAL IMMERSION
26. Thermometer used for incubator & heating oven SURFACE THERMOMETER
27. T/F. Pipets may be cleaned by soaking to soapy water. TRUE
28. To contain pipets should be calibrated using? MERCURY
29. Used for viscous fluids, is calibrated to the tip, blown out (rinsed out), with 2 etched rings and does not
dispense the exact amount of volume? TO CONTAIN
30. Used for non viscous fluids, , dispenses the exact amount and is self draining TO DELIVER
31. To deliver pipets should be calibrated by? DISTILLED WATER
32. This pipet has bulb in the middle, used for non viscous fluidsand is known as the most accurate pipet?
VOLUMETRIC PIPET
33. Used for viscous fluid with bulb at the tip of the pipet and is blown out OSTWALD FOLIN
34. Pipet with a ring near the mouth should be? BLOWN OUT
35. How often are pipets being calibrated? 3-4 TIMES A YEAR
36. Which of the following is not a method of correct glass pipet aspiration?
a. Use mechanical aspirator b. Wipe with tissue after lowering the meniscus
c. Adjust the meniscus d. Wipe with gause after apiration
37. T/F. If the substance is colorless you should look at the lower meniscus FALSE
38. Mechanism of drawing up liquid wherein the piston moves in the tip & comes in contact with the liquid?
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
39. Most desirable method for pipet calibration? GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
40. Calibration technique used for automatic pipetting? PHOTOMETRIC METHOD
41. Process whereby centrifugal forece is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension
CENTRIFUGATION
42. Used in separate serum from a blood clot? CENTRIGUGE
43. T/F. Filter paper should not be used when using strong acids or bases TRUE
44. Centrifugal force is expressed in ? RPM
45. What is the force acting on the sample being centrifuged? RCF
46. Speed of centrifuge is measured by? TACHOMETER
47. An alternative material used to measure the speed of the centrifuge?STROBE LIGHT
48. Centrifuge should be calibrated every? ANNUALLY
49. Horizontal centrifuge is not capable of? INCREASE SPEED
50. Centrifuge used for plant extracts and with the highest speed? ULTRA CENTRIFUGE
51. Glasswares and plasticwares are washed by soaking in what solution? ACID DICHROMATE SOLN
20% NITRIC ACID SOLN
DILUTE BLEACH THEN OVEN-DRY
52. Relationship of 4 colligative properties- Fvinc, Bodec; Fvdec, Boinc
53. What is the preferred sample for STAT electrolyte testing? HEPARINIZED PLASMA
54. Most commonly used sample? SERUM
55. If cortisol is increased in the morning and the afternoon, what condition is significant? CUSHING
SYNDROME
56. Preferred time of collection for cortisol? 6-8 AM
57. What is the most accurate measurement of uroblastoma? METANEPHRINE
58. Prolonged standing causes lipid value to? DECREASE
59. Ratio of citrate anticoagulant? 9:1
60. Transport of specimen for blood gas w/o chilling causes? DEC PH PO2, INC PCO2
61. Increased ketones in the blood causes? KEETONEMIA
62. Liver disease marker? LD4 LD5
63. Heat stable ALP isoenzyme? PLACENTAL ALP
64. Markedly elevated ALP, GGT & 5N? HEPATOBILIARY AND HEPATIC JAUNDICE
65. Moderately elevated ALP, GGT & 5N? HEPATOCELLULAR DSE
66. NH3 IS ____ WHEN NOT CHILLED? FALSE INCREASED
67. If the sample is lipemic, hemoglobin &bilirubin falsely ____INC
68. If the sample is lipemic, electrolytes are falsely ____DEC
69. What is the normal hemoglobin value in plasma? 2-4 MG/DL
70. T/F. Primary tubes should be respun? FALSE
71. T/F. D5w elevates glucose as high as 500 mg/Dl TRUE
72. What is the needle insertion angle during phlebotomy? 45
73. Most commonly used site for capillary collection? LATERAL PLANTAR HEEL
74. Type of venipuncture equipment used for geriatric patients & fragile veins? BUTTERFLY INFUSION SET/
WINGED INFUSION SET
75. Preferred site for capillary collection? EARLOBE
76. What is the preffered site of venipuncture? ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
77. What is the preferred vein in veipuncture? MEDIAN CUBITAL
78. Preferred site for newborn screening in babies? LATERAL PLANTAR HEEL
79. The best type of all purpose fire extinguisher?CARBON DIOXIDE
80. Describes how close a test is to its true value? ACCURACY
81. How close the test are to one another? PRECISION
82. Comparison of an instrument measurement to a known physical constant?
83. Higly purified substances of a known concentration?
84. Best way to measure accuracy?
85. Best to measure precision?
86. What shoulb be run on a machine first? Std or control?
87. Intralaboratory QC?
88. Proficiency testing of laboratories?
89. What is the best plot for detecting errors? LEVY JENNINGS/ SHEWHARTS
90. What is the pearson coefficient? 0.90
91. Describes the relationship or correlation between 2 varaibles? PEARSON CORRELATION
92. In the pearson correlation, which axis axis contains the independent variable? X
93. Determine the association between 2 qualitative variables? CHI SQUARE
94. What is the best plot used for comparison of accuracy and precision between laboratories? TONKS YOUDEN
95. Detects difference between QC result and mean and identifies the bias in the measurement? CUSUM GRAPH
96. Error due to chance?
97. Errors that influences observations consistently in one direction?
98. Ability to detect smallest amount of analyte
99. Proportion of individuals w/ that dse who test positive? CLINICAL SENSITIVITY
100. Px with a condition who are classified by the test to have the condition? TRUE POSITIVE
101. Px w/ a conodition who are classified by a test as not having the condition? FALSE NEGATIVE
102. What is the ability to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time? RELIABILITY
103. Ability of the test to detect a given disease or condition? DX SENSITIVITY
104. Ability of the test to correctly identify the absence of a dse ? DX SPECIFICITY
105. Refers to the probability of an individual having the dse if the result is outside the reference range?
POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE
106. Refers to the probability that a px does not have a dse if the result is w/in the ref range? NEGATIVE
PREDICTIVE VALUE
107. Bodys main source of energy? CHO
108. What is the primary hyperglycemic hormone? GLUCAGON
109. What is the primary hypoglycaemic hormone? INSULIN
110. Is a non reducing sugar? SUCROSE
111. Is the simplest form of CHO? GLYCOL ALDEHYDE
112. Sugars that can be hydrolyzed? MONOSACCHRIDE
113. What is the end product of CHO metabolism? GLUCOSE
114. What is the energy mediator of glucose oxidation? ATP
115. Also called levulose? FRUCTOSE
116. Is not classified as a blood sugar? FRUCTOSE
117. Glucose + Glucose?
118. Glucose + Fructose?
119. Glucose + Galactose?
120. What type of bond stabilizes the linkage of monosac in polysac?GLYCOSIDIC
121. What is the stored form of glucose in the muscle?
122. Hydrolysis of maltose will yield?
123. It will yield lactic acid, pyruvic acid and acetyl coA? GLYCOLYSIS
124. What is the formation of glucose 6 po4 from non CHO source?
125. What is the conversion of glycogen to glucose?
126. What is the conversion of glucose to glycogen?
127. What is the conversion of CHO to F.A?
128. It refers to decomposition of fat?
129. Insulin is produced in the? B
130. Where is glucagon produced? A
131. Where is somatostatin produced? D
132. Hormone produced by the medulla and inhibits the action of insulin therefore shooting up glucode
levels in the blood? EPINEPHRINE
133. Hormone produced by the Adrenal cortex which increases glucose level? CORTISOL
134. What hormone regulates cortisol?
135. What is the confirmatory test for hyperglycemia?
136. Volume of urine when having polyuria?
137. What is the renal threshold of glucose? 160-180 MG/DL
138. In sever DM what is the ratio of B-hydroxybutyrate: Acetoacetate? 6:1
139. What are the tests used to measure long term DM compliacation? BUN, CREA, LIPIDS, URINE
ALBUMIN
140. Positive result in this test determines early stage of diabetic nephropathy? MICROALBUMIN
141. What is the dx test for hypoglycaemia? 72 HRS FASTING
142. Insulin dependent DM?
143. In this type of DM, C-Peptide levels are positive?
144. Lifestyle DM?
145. Insulin resistance DM?
146. Receptor def. DM?
147. Glucose intolerance during preganancy?
148. If the urine glucose test is positive the next test is? KETONE
149. Increased glucose causes the specific gravity to?
150. In hyperglycemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia is found in which specimen?
151. The whipples triad is characteristic of what condition?
152. What are the drugs that causes hypoglycaemia?PES
153. Trisomy 21?
154. Trisomy 18?
155. Arsenomolybdate blue?
156. Phosphomolybdate blue?
157. Product is cuprous neocupric complex?
158. What is the substrate for hagedorn Jensen non enzymatic method?
159. What is the color of the reaction in Dubowskis non enzymatic mtd?
160. B1 uptake defect? GILBERTS SYNDROME
161. UDPGT Def? CRIGGLER NAJJAR
162. B2 excretion defect? ROTOR/DUBIN
163. Circulating inhibitor syndrome? LUCEY DRISCOLL
164. Genetic defects in carb metab?
165. What is the functional unit of the liver?
166. It is synthesized by the liver cells thru cholesterol oxidation via cytochromep450? BILE
167. What are the 2 primary bile acids? CHOLIC ACID, CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
168. bile acid +AA =?
169. Bile pigment derived from the breakdown of Hgb? BILIRUBIN
170. Index for long term glucose control? HBA1C
171. Metabolic acidosis is detected by measuring urine? KETONE
172. Venous blood glucose is lower by ___ than capillary and arterial blood
173. What are excretory function tests of liver?
174. What is the diluents of newberger mtd?
175. What is the diluents of Neulengracht?
176. Condition that causes an increase NH4, and produces hepatic destruction after viral infection? REYE
177. Diazo reagent composition?
178. Wha is the reference for glucose? HEXOKINASE
179. Bile salt AA? GLYCINE & TAURINE
180. All factors are derived from the liver except? F8
181. PT=WARFARIN
182. APPT=HEPARIN
183. C199? PANCREAS
184. HCG? TESTICULAR CANCER
185. Monoconugated bilirubin? BETA
186. Diconjugated bili? GAMMA
187. Covalently bound bilirubim? DELTA