MATERIAL TEKNIK (MAT)

CAST IRON

Cecep Ruskandi
 Cast Iron
Cast iron is a cast ferrous based materials with
the carbon content greater than 2% and also
contain elements such as Si, Mn,P and S.
Cast irons are classified into :
- Gray cast iron (GG / FC)
- Nodular cast iron (GGG / FCD)
- Chilled cast iron (GH)
- Malleable cast iron (GT)
 Gray cast iron (GG/FC)
It has gray fracture appearance.
Good machinability and castability
This cast iron contains flake graphite which cause the
iron to be brittle.
The application : housing engine, crankcase etc.
Designation :
GG (DIN) or FC (JIS) followed by digits which
represent the tensile strength.
example : GG 25
Flake Graphite
 Gray Cast Iron Products

Exhaust manifold
housing

Brake drum

Arts
rotor
Body valve
Door knocker
 Nodular Cast Iron
This cast iron contains spheroidal graphite which
cause the iron to be ductile. so called S.G Iron
High toughness, strength and elongation,
therefore this metal also called ductile iron
This iron also has a good wear resistance
Application : crankshaft, gears, transmission gear,
roll, pump, steering knuckls, valves etc.
Designation :
GGG (DIN) or FCD (JIS) followed by digits which
represent the matriks content.
example : GGG 70
Nodular Graphite
 The Group of Ductile Iron
Ferritic Ductile Iron, which is high impact resistance,
relatively good thermal conductivity , high magnetic
permeability, good machineability.
Pearlitic Ductile Iron, which is high strength and
hardness, moderate ductility and impact resistance,
lower thermal conductivity and magnetic
permeability but good machineability
Ferritic-Pearlitic Ductile Iron, with its properties is in
between ferritic and pearlitic ductile iron.
 The Group of Ductile Iron (cont)
Martensitic Ductile Iron or quench &
tempered iron.
In the "as-cast" condition the alloy is hard and
brittle, and seldom used. However, TEMPERED
MARTENSITE has very high strength and wear
resistance. A 930F (500C) tempering results
in 300 HB, a 1110F (600C) tempering in 250
HB hardness.
 The Group of Ductile Iron (cont)
Austenitic Ductile Iron
They are never chosen for strength alone. The
outstanding features are good corrosion and
oxidation resistance, magnetic properties,
strength and dimensional stability at elevated
temperatures. (Also known as Ductile Ni-
Resist).
 The Group of Ductile Iron (cont)
Austempered Ductile Iron
- ADI is almost twice as strong as the regular ASTM grades of
Ductile Iron whilst still retaining high elongation and
toughness characteristics
-It also offer wear resistance and high strength
The remarkable properties of ADI are developed by a closely
controlled heat treatment operation (austempering) which
develops a unique matrix structure of bainitic ferrite (60%) and
retained (high carbon) austenite.
Application of Ductile Iron
 Malleable Cast Iron (GT DIN)
Malleable irons are cast white, that is, their as-cast
structure consists of metastable carbide in a pearlitic
matrix
The castings must then be annealed to convert
carbides into rossette graphite.
There are two types of malleable iron, blackheart
and whiteheart.
Malleable irons have a good weldability,
machinability and ductility.
Application : automotive parts, agricultural
components, valves etc.
Whiteheart malleable cast iron (GTW)

In the whiteheart process, the white, as-cast iron is

decarburised during annealing leaving a structure of iron
carbide in a metallic matrix.
Annealing is performed in an oxidising atmosphere
improving weldability
Blackheart malleable cast iron (GTS)

In the Blackheart process, the white, as-cast iron is annealed

to develop graphite cluster.
Annealing is performed in a non-oxidising atmosphere
Malleable cast iron products
 Chilled Cast Iron
These irons have a white fracture appearance due to
rapid cooling or very small amount of Si content.
The microstructure consists of carbide causing the
iron has a high hardness but very brittle.
This irons have a very good wear resistance
The chilled cast irons are generally applied for
components which require a high wear resistance
properties such as roll mill, crusher etc.
 Chilled cast iron products

Rolls