Rosary

The Rosary (pronunciation: /rz()ri/, Latin: rosarium, in the sense

of "crown of roses" or "garland of roses"[1]), usually in the form of
the Dominican Rosary,[2][3] is a form of prayer used especially in
the Catholic Church named for the string of knots or beads used to
count the component prayers. When used as the form of prayer, the
word is usually capitalized ("the Rosary"), as is customary for other
names of prayers, such as "the Lord's Prayer", and "the Hail Mary".
When referring to the beads, it is normally written with a lower-case
initial ("a rosary").

The prayers that essentially compose the Rosary are arranged in sets
of ten Hail Marys with each set preceded by one Lord's Prayer and
followed by one Glory Be. During recitation of each set, known as a The most commonly known format of the Rosary ,
flanked by the Bible and a free-standing crucifix.
decade, thought is given to one of the Mysteries of the Rosary, which
recall events in the lives of Jesus and Mary. The Glorious mysteries
are said on Sunday and Wednesday, the Joyful on Monday and Saturday, the
Sorrowful on Tuesday and Friday, and the Luminous Mysteries are said on
Thursday. Normally, five decades are recited in a session. Various prayers are
sometimes added after each decade (for example, the Ftima Prayer), at the
beginning (in particular, the Apostles' Creed), and at the end (in particular, the Hail,
Holy Queen). The rosary as a material object is an aid towards saying these prayers
in the proper sequence.

The Rosary is a devotion for the meditation of the mysteries of the lives of Jesus and
Mary. Sister Lucia dos Santos said The Most Holy Virgin in these last times in
which we live has given a new efficacy to the recitation of the Rosary to such an
extent that there is no problem, no matter how difficult it is, whether temporal or
above all spiritual, in the personal life of each one of us, of our families...that cannot
be solved by the Rosary." The Church has always recognized the efficacy of this
devotion John Paul II said Through the Rosary the faithful receive abundant grace,
. [4]
as by the hands of the Mother of the Redeemer

A standard fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary, based on the long-standing custom, was La Visione di San Domenico(The
established by Pope Pius V in the 16th century, grouping the mysteries in three sets: Vision of Saint Dominic), Bernardo
Cavallino, 1640
the Joyful Mysteries, the Sorrowful Mysteries, and the Glorious Mysteries. In 2002
Pope John Paul II said that it is fitting that a new set of five be added, called the
Luminous Mysteries, bringing the total number of mysteries to twenty, although he did not create these mysteries. They had been
used by Holy Cross fatherPatrick Peyton, the "Rosary Priest" of the 20th Century.

For over four centuries, the rosary has been promoted by several popes as part of the veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism,[5]
and consisting essentially in meditation on the life of Christ.[6] The rosary also represents the Roman Catholic emphasis on
"participation in the life of Mary, whose focus was Christ", and theMariological theme "to Christ through Mary".[7]

Contents
 1 Theological significance
1.1 Devotions and spirituality
2 History
2.1 Devotional growth
3 Structure of prayers
3.1 Basic structure
3.2 Variations and common pious additions
3.3 Group recitation of the Rosary
4 Mysteries of the Rosary
4.1 Days of praying
5 Rosary beads
5.1 Single-decade rosaries
5.2 Materials and distribution
5.3 Wearing the rosary
5.4 Rosary and Scapular
6 Rosary based devotions
7 Recordings of the Rosary
8 In non-Catholic Christianity
8.1 Anglicanism
8.2 Lutheranism
9 Churches named for the Rosary
10 In Marian art
11 See also
12 Notes
12.1 Works cited
12.2 General references
13 Further reading
14 External links

Theological significance
The rosary is part of Catholic veneration of Mary, which has been promoted by
numerous popes. In the 16th century, Pope Pius V associated the rosary with the
General Roman Calendar by instituting the Feast of Our Lady of Victory (later
changed to Our Lady of the Rosary), which is celebrated on 7 October.

Pope Leo XIII, known as "The Rosary Pope", issued twelve encyclicals and five
apostolic letters on the rosary and added the invocation Queen of the most Holy
Rosary to the Litany of Loreto. Pope Pius XII and his successors actively promoted
veneration of the Virgin in Lourdes and Fatima, which is credited with a new A traditional five decade rosary in
resurgence of the rosary within the Catholic Church.[8] Pope John Paul II issued the sterling silver
Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae which emphasized the Christocentric
[4]
nature of the Rosary as a meditation on the life of Christ.

Pope John XXIII deemed the rosary of such importance that on April 28, 1962 in an apostolic letter he appealed for the recitation of
atican Ecumenical Council.[9]
the Rosary in preparation for the Second V

On 3 May 2008, Pope Benedict XVI stated that the Rosary was experiencing a new springtime: "It is one of the most eloquent signs
of love that the young generation nourish for Jesus and his Mother."[10] To Benedict XVI, the rosary is a meditation on all the
important moments of salvation history.
The Congregation for Divine Worship's directory of popular piety and the liturgy
emphasizes the Christian meditation/meditative aspects of the rosary, and states that
the Rosary is essentially a contemplative prayer which requires "tranquility of
rhythm or even a mental lingering which encourages the faithful to meditate on the
mysteries of the Lord's life."[11] The Congregation for Divine Worship points out the
role the Rosary can have as a formative component of spiritual life.

The theologian Romano Guardini described the Roman Catholic emphasis on the
rosary as "participation in the life of Mary, whose focus was Christ."[8] This view
was earlier expressed by Leo XIII who viewed the rosary as way to accompany
Mary in her contemplation of Christ.[12]

Devotions and spirituality

Devotion to the rosary is one of the most notable features of popular Catholic
spirituality.[13] Pope John Paul II placed the rosary at the very center of Christian An Egyptian, Coptic-style rosary
spirituality and called it "among the finest and most praiseworthy traditions of featuring an extra Coptic crucifix
Christian contemplation."[14][4]

Saints and popes have emphasized the meditative and contemplative elements of the rosary and provided specific teachings for how
the rosary should be prayed, for instance the need for "focus, respect, reverence and purity of intention" during rosary recitations and
contemplations.[15]

From the sixteenth century onwards, rosary recitations often involved "picture texts" that assisted meditation. Such imagery continues
to be used to depict the mysteries of the rosary. Saints have stressed the importance of meditation and contemplation. Scriptural
meditations on the rosary build on the Christian tradition of Lectio Divina, (literally divine reading) as a way of using the Gospel to
start a conversation between the person and Christ. Padre Pio, a rosary devotee, said: "Through the study of books one seeks God; by
meditation one finds him."[16]

References to the rosary have been part of a number of reported Marian Apparitions spanning two centuries. The reported messages
from these apparitions have influenced the spread of rosary devotion worldwide.[17][18] In Quamquam pluries Pope Leo XIII related
rosary devotions to Saint Joseph and granted indulgences for adding a prayer to St. Joseph to the Rosary during the month of
October.[19]

Praying the rosary may be prescribed by priests as a form of penance after confession. Penance in this form is not generally intended
s [20]
as a "punishment"; rather, it is meant to encourage reflection upon and spiritual growth from pastins.

History
According to pious tradition, the concept of the rosary was given to Saint Dominic in an apparition of the Virgin Mary in the year
1214 in the church of Prouille. This Marian apparition received the title of Our Lady of the Rosary.[21] In the 15th century it was
promoted by Alanus de Rupe (aka Alain de la Roche or Blessed Alan of the Rock), a Dominican priest and theologian, who
established the "fifteen rosary promises" and started many rosary confraternities.

According to Herbert Thurston, it is certain that in the course of the twelfth century and before the birth of St. Dominic, the practice
of reciting 50 or 150 Ave Marias had become generally familiar. According to 20th century editions of the Catholic Encyclopedia, the
story of St. Dominic's devotion to the rosary and supposed apparition of Our Lady of the Rosary does not appear in any documents of
the Church or Dominican Order prior to the writings of Blessed Alanus, some 250 years after Dominic.[22][22] However recent
scholarship by Donald H. Calloway, which has received the endorsement of some of the Church hierarchy, seeks to refute this
claim.[23]
Leonard Foley claimed that although Mary's giving the rosary to St. Dominic is recognized as a legend, the development of this
prayer form owes much to the Order of Preachers.[24]

The practice of meditation during the praying of the Hail Mary is attributed to Dominic of Prussia (13821460), a Carthusian monk
who called it "Life of Jesus Rosary".[8] The German monk from Trier added a sentence to each of the 50 Hail Marys, using quotes
from scriptures (which at that time followed the name "Jesus", before the intercessory ending was added during the Counter-
Reformation).[25] In 1569, the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices by the Dominican Pope Pius V officially established the
devotion to the rosary in the Catholic Church.[26]

From the 16th to the early 20th century, the structure of the rosary remained essentially unchanged.[22] There were 15 mysteries, one
for each of the 15 decades. In the 20th century the addition of the Fatima Prayer to the end of each decade became more common.
There were no other changes until 2002 when John Paul II instituted five optional new Luminous Mysteries, although variations of
these had already been proposed by the likes of St. Louis de Montfort and were implemented in the mid-20th Century by figures such
as Patrick Peyton.

Devotional growth
The rosary has been featured in the writings of Roman Catholic figures from saints
to popes and continues to be mentioned in reported Marian apparitions, with a
number of promises attributed to thepower of the rosary.

According to Alan de la Roche, the Virgin Mary is reputed to have made 15 specific
promises to Christians who pray the rosary.[27] The Fifteen rosary promises range
[28]
from protection from misfortune to meriting a high degree of glory in heaven.

John T. McNicholas says that during the time of the Penal Laws in Ireland when
Mass was either infrequent or impossible, the Rosary became a substitute in the
home.[29] In the 18th century, the French priest Louis de Montfort elaborated on the
importance of the rosary and its power in his book Secret of the Rosary. He
emphasized the power of the rosary and provided specific instructions on how it
should be prayed, e.g. with attention, devotion, and modesty (reverence), with
reflective pauses.[30]

One of the forces that drove the spread of the rosary during the 19th century among
Roman Catholics was the influence of the Rosary Pope, a title given to Leo XIII Our Lady of Lourdes appearing at
(18781903) because he issued a record twelve encyclicals and five Apostolic Lourdes with rosary beads.
Letters on the rosary, instituted the Catholic custom of daily rosary prayer during the
month of October and, in 1883, added the invocationQueen of the most Holy Rosary
to the Litany of Loreto.[31]

Leo XIII explained the importance of the rosary as the one road to God from the faithful to the mother and from her to Christ and
through Christ to the Father, and that the rosary was a vital means to participate in the life of Mary and to find the way to Christ.[12]
This emphasis on the path through Mary to Christ has since been a key direction in Roman Catholic Mariology, with Mariology
being viewed as inherent inChristology.[32][33][34]

Rosary as a family prayer was supported byPope Pius XII in his encyclical Ingruentium malorum: "The custom of the family praying
of the Holy Rosary is a most efficacious means."[35]

Structure of prayers

Basic structure
 The structure of the Rosary is as follows:[36]

The Rosary is begun on the short strand:

The sign of the cross on the Crucifix;

The prayer "O Lord, open my lips;[37] O God, come to my aid; O Lord, make
haste to help me",[38] still on the Crucifix;
The Apostles' Creed, still on the Crucifix;
The Lord's Prayer at the first large bead (for the intentions of thepope and
the needs of the Church);
The crucifix on a rosary. The Hail Mary on each of the next three beads (for the threetheological
virtues: faith, hope, and charity); and
The Glory Be on the next large bead.
The praying of the decades then follows, repeating this cycle for each mystery:

Announce the mystery;

The Lord's Prayer on the large bead;
The Hail Mary on each of the ten adjacent small beads;
The Glory Be on the space before the next large bead; and
To conclude:

The Salve Regina;

The Loreto Litany;
Any further intentions; and
The sign of the cross.
Instead of ending each decade with the Gloria Patri, Pope Pius IX would add "May the souls of the faithful departed through the
mercy of God rest in peace."[39] The Fatima Prayer, is commonly added here as a pious addition, still on the lar
ge bead.

Variations and common pious additions

Common pious additions to the Rosary occur after each decade and after recitation of the Hail Holy Queen. Some Catholics recite the
Fatima Decade Prayer at the end of each decade, preceding or following the Glory Be. Some add the Miraculous Medal prayer "O
Mary, conceived without sin..." or the Fatima Ave refrain ("Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria!"). Others add a praying of
the pious Eucharistic prayer "O Sacrament Most Holy, O Sacrament Divine, All praise and all thanksgiving be every moment Thine"
at the end of each decade in honor of Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament. In the practice of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, there is
an additional decade for the intentions of the students or the V
irgin Mary.

After the Hail, Holy Queen many Catholics add the prayer "O God, by Your Only
Begotten Son...", the prayer to Saint Michael, and a prayer for the intentions of the
Pope. In some cases, theLitany of Loreto may be recited at the end.

In the practice of the Dominican Order, the opening prayers of the rosary mirror the
opening of the Divine Office:[40]

1. In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
2. Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with Thee.
A single decade Irish penal rosary
3. Blessed art Thou among women, and Blessed is the Fruit of Thy W omb,
Jesus.
4. O Lord, open my lips.
5. And my mouth will proclaim Your praise.
6. Incline Your aid to me, O God.
7. O Lord, make haste to help me.
8. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and tothe Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now
, and ever shall be,
world without end. Amen.[41]
Group recitation of the Rosary
When a group recites the Rosary, it is customary that the prayers that constitute the decades are divided into two parts. A leader may
recite the first half of the prayer while the other participants recite the rest.

The second part of the Our Father begins with "Give us this day our daily bread ..."; the second part of the Hail Mary begins with
"Holy Mary, Mother of God ..."; and the second part of the Glory Be to the Father with "As it was in the beginning...."

In another style of praying the Rosary, the recitation of the first part of the prayers is sometimes entrusted to different persons while
still maintaining the traditional Leader versus Congregation style of praying.

Among certain cultures, the first, third, and fifth mysteries are recited by the single leader while the other members of the group say
the second part; the second and fourth mysteries are recited by the congregation by saying the first part and the leader says the second
part of the prayer.

Mysteries of the Rosary

The Mysteries of the Rosary are meditations on episodes in the life and death of Jesus from the Annunciation to the Ascension and
beyond, known as the Joyful (or Joyous) Mysteries, the Sorrowful Mysteries, and the Glorious Mysteries. Each of these Mysteries
contemplates five different stages of Christ's life.[36]

Typically a fruit (spiritual goal) are also assigned to the mystery. Below are listed from the appendix Louis Marie de Montfort's book
Secret of the Rosary for the original 15 mysteries, with other possible fruits being listed in other pamphlets bracketed:

Joyful Mysteries

1. The Annunciation. Fruit of the Mystery: Humility

2. The Visitation. Fruit of the Mystery: Love of Neighbour
3. The Nativity. Fruit of the Mystery: Poverty, Detachment from the things of the world, Contempt of Riches, Love of the
Poor
4. The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. Fruit of the Mystery: Gift of Wisdom and Purity of mind and body
(Obedience)
5. The Finding of Jesus in the Temple. Fruit of the Mystery: True Conversion (Piety, Joy of Finding Jesus)

Sorrowful Mysteries

1. The Agony in the Garden. Fruit of the Mystery: Sorrow for Sin, Uniformity with the Will of God
2. The Scourging at the Pillar. Fruit of the Mystery: Mortification (Purity)
3. The Crowning with Thorns. Fruit of the Mystery: Contempt of the world (moral courage)
4. The Carrying of the Cross. Fruit of the Mystery: Patience
5. The Crucifixion and Death of our Lord. Fruit of the Mystery: Perseverance in faith, grace for a holy death
(Forgiveness)

Glorious Mysteries

1. The Resurrection. Fruit of the Mystery: Faith

2. The Ascension. Fruit of the Mystery: Hope, Desire for ascension to Heaven
3. The Descent of the Holy Spirit. Fruit of the Mystery: Love of God, Holy Wisdom to know the truth and share with
everyone, Divine Charity, Worship of the Holy Spirit
4. The Assumption of Mary. Fruit of the Mystery: Grace of a Happy Death and rTue Devotion towards Mary
5. The Coronation of the Virgin. Fruit of the Mystery: Perseverance and increase in virtue (T
rust in Mary's Intercession)
Pope John Paul II, in his apostolic letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae (October 2002), recommended an additional set called the
Luminous Mysteries (or the "Mysteries of Light").[42]

Luminous Mysteries (Light)

 1. The Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan. Fruit of the Mystery: Openness to the Holy Spirit, the Healer
.
2. The Wedding at Cana. Fruit of the Mystery: To Jesus through Mary. The understanding of the ability to manifest-
through faith.
3. Jesus' Proclamation of theKingdom of God. Fruit of the Mystery: Trust in God (Call of Conversion to Messiah)
4. The Transfiguration. Fruit of the Mystery: Desire for Holiness.
5. The Institution of the Eucharist. Fruit of the Mystery: Adoration
The original Mysteries of Light were written by George Preca, the only Maltese official Catholic Saint, and later reformed by the
Pope.[43]

Days of praying
The full rosary consists of praying all sets of mysteries, with the Joyful, Sorrowful and Glorious considered the minimal amount.
Alternatively, a single set of five mysteries can be prayed each day
, according to the following convention:

Day of With the Luminous

Standard / Traditional
praying Mysteries
During Advent, Christmas, and Time After Epiphany: The Joyful
Mysteries
Sunday The Glorious Mysteries
During Septuagesima and Lent: The Sorrowful Mysteries
During Easter and Time After Pentecost: The Glorious Mysteries

Monday The Joyful Mysteries The Joyful Mysteries

Tuesday The Sorrowful Mysteries The Sorrowful Mysteries

Wednesday The Glorious Mysteries The Glorious Mysteries

Thursday The Joyful Mysteries The Luminous Mysteries

Friday The Sorrowful Mysteries The Sorrowful Mysteries

Saturday The Glorious Mysteries The Joyful Mysteries

Note: It is customary to pray only the Sorrowful Mysteries during the seasons of Septuagesima and Lent, regardless of the day of
week.

Rosary beads
The rosary beads provide a physical method of keeping count of the number of Hail Marys said as the mysteries are contemplated.
[36] The fingers are moved along the beads as the prayers are recited. By not having to keep track of the count mentally, the mind is
free to meditate on the mysteries. A five-decade rosary contains five groups of ten beads (a decade), with additional large beads
before each decade.[44] The Hail Mary is said on the ten beads within a decade, while the Lord's Prayer is said on the large bead
before each decade. A new mystery meditation commences at each of the large beads. Some rosaries, particularly those used by
religious orders, contain fifteen decades, corresponding to the traditional fifteen mysteries of the rosary. Both five- and fifteen-decade
rosaries are attached to a shorter strand, which starts with a crucifix, followed by one large bead, three small beads, and one large
. [36]
bead, before connecting to the rest of the rosary

Although counting the prayers on a string of beads is customary, the prayers of the rosary do not actually require a set of beads, but
[36]
can be said using any type of counting device, by counting on the fingers or by counting without any device at all.

Single-decade rosaries
Single-decade rosaries can also be used: the devotee counts the same ring of ten beads repeatedly for every decade. During religious
conflict in 16th and 17th century Ireland severe legal penalties were prescribed against practicing Roman Catholics. Small, easily
hidden rosaries were thus used to avoid identification and became known as Irish penal rosaries. [36] Sometimes rather than a cross,
 other symbols of specific meanings were used, such as a hammer to signify the nails of
the cross, cords to represent the scourging, a chalice to recall the Last Supper, or a
crowing rooster signifying the denial of Peter.

Materials and distribution

The beads can be made from any
materials, including wood, bone, glass,
A 16th-century rosary found on
crushed flowers, semi-precious stones
board the carrack Mary Rose
such as agate, jet, amber, or jasper, or
precious materials including coral,
crystal, silver, and gold. Beads may be
made to include enclosed sacred relics
or drops of holy water. Rosaries are
sometimes made from the seeds of the
"rosary pea" or "bead tree". Today, the A Saint Michael Rosary
vast majority of rosary beads are made
A Rosary bead with miniature of glass, plastic, or wood. It is common
reliefs for beads to be made of material with some special significance, such as jet from the
shrine of St. James at Santiago de Compostela, or olive seeds from the Garden of
Gethsemane. In rare cases beads are made of expensive materials, from gold and silver
to mother of pearl and Swarovski black diamond designs. Early rosaries were strung on thread, often silk, but modern ones are more
often made as a series of chain-linked beads. Catholic missionaries in Africa have reported that rosaries made of tree bark have been
used there for praying due to the lack of conventional rosaries. Our Lady's Rosary Makers produce some 7 million rosaries annually
[45]
that are distributed to those considered to be in economic and spiritual need.

Most rosaries used in the world today have simple and inexpensive plastic or wooden beads connected by cords or strings.The major
cost is labour for assembly. A large number of inexpensive rosary beads are manufactured in Asia, especially in China and Taiwan.
Italy has a strong manufacturing presence in medium- and high-cost rosaries.

Rosaries are often made for sale; hundreds of millions have also been made and distributed free of charge by Roman Catholic lay and
religious apostolates worldwide. There are a number of rosary-making clubs around the world that make and distribute rosaries to
missions, hospitals, prisons, etc. free of charge. To comply with safety precautions in prisons, special rosaries are donated using string
that easily breaks.

Wearing the rosary

The Apostolate of Holy Motherhood writes that the Virgin Mary encourages the faithful to wear the rosary and scapular because "it
will help them to love Jesus more" and serve as a "protection from Satan."[46] In addition, Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
."[47] Many religious orders wear the rosary as
encouraged Christians to wear the rosary, stating that doing so "eased him considerably
part of their habit. A rosary hanging from the belt often forms part of theCarthusian habit.[48]

Canon Law 1171 provides that sacred objects, which are designated for divine worship by dedication or blessing, are to be treated
reverently and are not to be employed for profane or inappropriate use even if they are owned by private persons.[49] As such,
according to Edward McNamara, professor of litur
gy at the Regina Apostolorum university:

If the reason for wearing a rosary is as a statement of faith, as a reminder to pray it, or some similar reason "to the
glory of God," then there is nothing to object to. It would not be respectful to wear it merely as jewelry. This latter
point is something to bear in mind in the case of wearing a rosary around the neck. In the first place, while not
unknown, it is not common Catholic practice. ...While a Catholic may wear a rosary around the neck for a good
purpose, he or she should consider if the practice will be positively understood in the cultural context in which the
 person moves. If any misunderstanding is likely, then it would be better to avoid the practice. ...Similar reasoning is
observed in dealing with rosary bracelets and rings, although in this case there is far less danger of confusion as to
[50]
meaning. They are never mere jewelry but are worn as a sign of faith.

A rosary ring is a ring worn around the finger with 10 indentations and a cross on
the surface, representing one decade of a rosary. These rosary rings have been given
to some Catholic nuns at the time of their solemn profession. [51] A finger rosary is
similar to a ring, but is somewhat larger. Rosaries like these are used by either
rotating or just holding them between a finger and thumb while praying. A hand
rosary is a decade in a complete loop, with one bead separated from ten other beads,
this is meant to be carried while walking or running, so as not to entangle the larger
type. Smaller ring rosaries became known as soldiers' rosaries, because they were
often taken into battle by soldiers, most notably during W
orld War I.

In addition to a string of beads, single-decade rosaries are made in other physical

forms. A ring rosary, also known as a "Basque rosary", is a finger ring with eleven
knobs on it, ten round ones and one crucifix.

A rosary bracelet is one with ten beads and often a cross or medal as well. Another
form is the rosary card. A rosary card is either one with a "handle" that moves like a Single-decade ring rosary
slide rule to count the decade, or it has a whole rosary with bumps similar to Braille
and ancient counting systems. Some households that cannot afford Christian artwork
or a crucifix hang up a rosary.[52] In addition, many Christians hang rosaries from the rear-view mirror of their automobiles as a sign
of their faith and for protection as they drive.[53]

Rosary and Scapular

"The Rosary and the Scapular are inseparable" were words attributed to the Virgin
Mary by Lucia Santos, one of the three children who reported the Marian apparitions
of Our Lady of Ftima in 1917 and later the Pontevedra apparitions in 1925, Ftima,
Portugal, and Pontevedra in Galicia, Spain.[54] In these apparitions, the Virgin Mary
reportedly called herself The Lady of the Rosary and in one of the final Ftima
appearances on 13 October 1917 had a Brown Scapular in one hand and a Rosary in
the other. The Lady of the Rosary reportedly encouraged the praying of the Rosary
and the wearing of the Brown Scapular.[55]

Rosary and Scapular

Throughout history, the Rosary and the Scapular as objects for devotions and prayers
have been supported, encouraged, and linked by a number of popes, and specific
indulgences have been attached to them.[56][57]

Rosary based devotions

The use of Novenas which include a rosary is popular among Roman Catholics.[58] As in other Novenas, the traditional method
consists of praying the rosary on nine consecutive days, and submitting a petition along with each prayer. Indulgences are provided
for rosary Novenas that include specific prayers, e.g. a prayer to SaintCatherine of Siena and Saint Dominic.[59]

The longer "54-day Rosary Novena" consists of two parts, 27 days each, i.e. three repetitions of the 9 day Novena cycle. It is an
uninterrupted series of Rosaries in honor of the Virgin Mary, reported as a private revelation by Fortuna Agrelli in Naples, Italy, in
1884.[60] The Novena is performed by praying five decades of the Rosary each day for twenty-seven days in petition. The second
phase which immediately follows it consists of five decades each day for twenty-seven days in thanksgiving, and is prayed whether
or not the petition has been granted. During the novena, the meditations rotate among the joyful, sorrowful and glorious mysteries.
[61]

Rosary beads are at times used to say rosary based prayers which do not primarily involve the Hail Mary and the mysteries of the
rosary. Some forms of the Roman Catholic rosary are aimed at reparation including the sins of others. An example is the Rosary of
the Holy Wounds first introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by the Venerable Sister Marie Martha Chambon, a Roman
Catholic nun of the Monastery of the Visitation Order in Chambry, France.[62] This rosary is somewhat similar in structure to the
Chaplet of Divine Mercyintroduced by Saint Faustina Kowalska said on the usual rosary beads and intended as an Act of Reparation
to Jesus Christ for the sins of the world. These prayers often use rosary beads, but their words and format do not correspond to the
Mysteries. Both Kowaska and Chambon attributed these prayers tovisions of Jesus.[63]

Recordings of the Rosary

Recordings of the rosary prayers are sometimes used by devotees to help with aspects of prayer such as pacing, memorization, and by
providing inspirational meditations. Some of the more well known include:

The Rosary is a Place,Fr. Benedict J. Groeschel, CFRand Simonetta, The Saint Philomena Foundation
The Rosary is a Luminous Place,Fr. Benedict J. Groeschel, CFRand Simonetta, The Saint Philomena Foundation
The Rosary, Fr. Kevin Scallon and Dana, Heartbeat Records
Pray the Rosary with Servant of God,Fr. Patrick Peyton

In non-Catholic Christianity
Many similar prayer practices exist in other Christian communities, each with its own set of prescribed prayers and its own form of
prayer beads, such as the prayer rope in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. These other devotions and their associated beads are usually
referred to as "chaplets". The rosary is sometimes used by other Christians, especially in Lutheranism, the Anglican Communion, and
the Old Catholic Church.[64][65]

Another example of rosary-based prayers includes the non-denominational Ecumenical Miracle Rosary, "a set of prayers and
estament."[66]
meditations which covers key moments in the New T

Anglicanism
The use of the Catholic Rosary is fairly common among Anglicans of Anglo-
Catholic churchmanship.[67] Many Anglo-Catholic prayer books and manuals of
devotion contain the Roman Catholic Rosary along with other Marian devotions.
The public services of the Anglican churches, as contained in the Book of Common
Prayer, do not directly invoke the Blessed Virgin or any other saint in prayer as the
Thirty-Nine Articles reject the practice of praying to saints, but many Anglo-
Catholics feel free to do so in their private devotions. Anglicans who pray the
Roman Catholic Rosary tend not to use the Luminous Mysteries or the Ftima
decade prayer.[64]

Anglican prayer beads, also known informally as the "Anglican Rosary", are a recent
innovation created in the 1980s.[68] They consist of four "weeks" (the equivalent of
a decade) of seven beads each. The weeks are separated from each other by single
beads termed "cruciform beads." A variety of dif
ferent prayers may be said, the most
common being the Jesus Prayer.
Anglican prayer beads
Anglican Prayer Beads are not a Marian devotion, and there are no appointed meditations. Although it is sometimes called the
stern Christians.[67]
"Anglican rosary," it is distinct from the Rosary of Our Lady as prayed by Catholics, Anglicans, and other eW

Lutheranism
A small minority of Lutherans pray the Rosary.[69] However, while following the Catholic format of the Rosary, each "Hail Mary" is
replaced with the "Jesus Prayer". The only time the "Hail Mary" is said is at the end of the Mysteries on the medal, where it is then
replaced with the "Pre-Trent" version of the prayer (which omits "Holy Mary
, mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour
of our death"). The final "Hail Mary" can also be replaced by reciting of either the Magnificat, or Martin Luther's "Evangelical praise
of the Mother of God."[65] The Wreath of Christ is used in the Swedish Lutheran church.

Churches named for the Rosary

For a larger gallery of church images, please see: Rosary church gallery.

A number of churches around the world are named after the Rosary. These range from small churches in Poland, Canada, Brazil and
Hong Kong to key basilicas at Lourdes and Fatima with millions of pilgrims per year.. Roman Catholic Marian churches around the
world named in honor of the rosary include: the Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei in Italy, Our Lady of the Rosary
Basilica in the Archdiocesan seat of Rosario province, Argentina; the Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicols in the
neighboring suffragan diocese of San Nicols de los Arroyos, the Rosary Basilica in Lourdes, and Nossa Senhora do Rosrioin Porto
Alegre, Brazil.

Rosary Rosary Basilica, Lourdes, Our Rosary Cathedral, Sanctuary

Basilica, France, 1899. Lady of Toledo, Ohio, 1931. of Our
Fatima, the Lady of
Portugal Rosary, the
, 1953. Drawie, Rosary of
Poland, San
1695. Nicols,
Buenes
Aires
province,
Argentina

In Marian art
Since the 17th century, the Rosary began to appear as an element in key pieces of Roman Catholic Marian art. Key examples include
Murrillo's Madonna with the Rosary at the Museo del Prado in Spain and the statue of Madonna with Rosary at the church of San
Nazaro Maggiore in Milan.
 Madon Madon Madonna Madonn Madonna of Rosary Madonna
na and na offering a with the Rosary Madonna, with
rosary with Saint the statue, Porto Rosary,
by rosary, Dominic Rosary Naples, Italy Alegre, South-
Nicola by rosary by by Brazil Tyrol,
Porta Guido August Murillo, Austria
Reni, Palme, 1650
1596 1860

Madon Crucifixio Saint Rosary with Old Madonna

na with n and Anthony pomander woman of the
Rosary rosary with a praying Rosary
by rosary by
Josef Caravag
Mersa, gio
Italy

See also
The Angelus Secret of the Rosary
Anglican devotions Papal support
Catholic devotions Ingruentium malorum, encyclical by Pope Pius XII
Confraternity of the Rosary (on reciting the rosary)

Ecumenical Miracle Rosaryfor all Christians Rosarium Virginis Mariae, apostolic letter by Pope
John Paul II
Methods of praying the rosary
Rosary Pope (Pope Leo XIII)
Our Lady's Rosary Makers
Rosary-based prayers
Rule of the Theotokos
Prayer rope
 Non-Christian traditions
Buddhist prayer beads
Japamala, Hindu prayer beads
Prayer beads
Tasbeeh, for Islamic prayer beads

Notes
1. Wedgewood, Hensleigh (1872).A Dictionary of English Etymology(https://books.google.com/books?id=eqkF
AAAAQ
AAJ&pg=PA544) (2nd ed.). London: Trubner & Co. p. 544.
2. Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005).The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church(https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=P A1427). Oxford University Press. p. 1427.ISBN 9780192802903.
Retrieved 29 April 2014. "The rosary was propagated by the establishment of rosary confraternities, which were
increasingly under Dominican control; in 1569, Pius V gave the Dominican Master General exclusive control over
them. As a consequence, until 1984 the blessing of rosaries came to be reserved to Dominicans or priests having
special faculties. Besides the Dominican rosary, there are various other forms. TheServite rosary, for instance, has
seven sections in memory of the Seven Sorrows of the BVM, each consisting of the Lord's Prayer and seven Hail
Marys; it apparently dates from the 17th cent. and was approved by the General Chapter of Servites in 1646. "
3. Casanowicz, Immanuel Moses (1919).Ecclesiastical Art in the United States National Museum(https://books.googl
e.com/books?id=2PoqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA632). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 632. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
"Rosary.-Made of glass and composition beads. The full or greater Dominican rosary of 15 decades.
"
4. Pope John Paul II, Rosarium virginis Mariae, 16 October 2002, Libreria Editrice Vaticana (http://w2.vatican.va/conten
t/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html)
5. Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy
, 197 (http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/
rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html)The Rosary, or Psalter of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is one of
the most excellent prayers to the Mother of God

Popular Piety (http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c4a1.htm#1674)Besides

sacramental liturgy and sacramentals, catechesis must take into account the forms of piety and popular
devotions among the faithful. The religious sense of the Christian people has always found expression in various
forms of piety surrounding the Church's sacramental life, such as the veneration of relics, visits to sanctuaries,
pilgrimages, processions, the stations of the cross, religious dances, the rosary
, medals, etc.
6. Thurston, Herbert. "The Rosary" (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13184b.htm). www.newadvent.org. Catholic
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
7. Schroede, Jenny. 2006 The Everything Mary BookISBN 1-59337-713-4 page 219
8. Rosenkranz, A Heinz. Marienlexikon, Eos, St.Ottilien, 1993, 555
9. (http://w2.vatican.va/content/johnxxiii/en/apost_letters/1962.index.html)
Pope John XXIII. Oecumenicum Concilium,
28 April 1962
10. ihmhermitage.stblogs.com/2008/05/15/benedict-xvi-on-the-rosary/
11. Directory of popular piety and the liturgy, Congregation of Divine Worship, Vatican, 2001, (http://www.vatican.va/rom
an_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html)
12. Encyclical Jucunda Semper 8.9.1894 quoted in Marienlexikon,Eos St. Ottilien, 1988 42
13. McGrath, Alister E., Christian Spirituality: An Introduction, 1995 ISBN 0-631-21281-7 p. 16
14. Madore, George. The Rosary with John Paul II, 2004, Alba House, ISBN 2-89420-545-7 page 18
15. Winston-Allen, Anne (1997).Stories of the Rose: The Making of the Rosary in the Middle Ages(https://books.google.
com/books?id=ZUJ2B8FME6MC&hl=en). Penn State University Press. pp. 3234. ISBN 0-271-01631-0.
16. Kelly, Liz. The Rosary: A Path Into Prayer, 2004 ISBN 0-8294-2024-X p. 79
17. Shamon, Albert J. M., The Power of the Rosary, CMJ Publishers, 2003.ISBN 1-891280-10-4 p. 5
18. Miller, John D. Beads and prayers: the rosary in history and devotion
, 2002 ISBN 0-86012-320-0 p. 151
19. Vatican website: (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15081889_quamqua
m-pluries_en.html)Quamquam pluries
20. No penance is meant as punishment, according to the Catechism:Catechism, the Sacrament of Penance(http://ww
w.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p2s2c2a4.htm)
21. Beebe, Catherine, St. Dominic and the RosaryISBN 0-89870-518-5
22. Thurston, Herbert, and Andrew Shipman. "The Rosary ." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1912. 7 Oct. 2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13184b.htm)
23. Calloway, Donald (2016). Champions of the Rosary(https://www.ignatius.com/Products/COR-P/champions-of-the-ro
sary.aspx). Marian Press. ISBN 9781596143432. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
24. Foley, Leonard O.F.M., "Our Lady of the Rosary",Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast, (revised by Pat
McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media(http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1161)
25. McNicholas, J.T. "Alanus de Rupe". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. (http://
www.newadvent.org/cathen/01246a.htm)
26. Scaperlanda, Maria Ruiz.The Seeker's Guide to Mary, 2002 ISBN 0-8294-1489-4 p. 151
27. Dominican Fathers on the Rosary(http://www.rosary-center.org/nconobl.htm)
28. Holyrosary.org (http://www.theholyrosary.org/power.html)
29. McNicholas 1917, p. 343.
30. De Montfort, St. Louis-Marie. Secret of the Rosary
, Forty-Fourth Rose (paragraph 127)(http://www.montfort.org.uk/W
ritings/Rosary.html)
31. Lauretanische Litanei, Marienlexikon, Eos, St. Ottilien, 1988, p.41
32. At the center of this mystery, in the midst of this wonderment of faith, stands Mary. As the loving Mother of the
Redeemer, she was the first to experience it:"To the wonderment of nature you bore your Creator"! Pope John Paul
II, in Redemptoris Mater, 51
33. See Pius XII Mystici corporis Christi; John Henry Newman:Mariology is always christocentric, in Michael Testa,
Mary: The Virgin Mary in the Life and Writings of John Henry Newman 2001
34. Mariology Is Christologyin Vittorio Messori, "The Mary Hypothesis" Rome, 2005
35. Ingruentium malorum, 13
36. Ball 2003, pp. 485-487.
37. Psalm 51:15
38. Psalm 69:2
39. McNicholas 1917, p. 347.
40. The pattern of the Dominican opening prayers can be found atThe Dominican form of praying the Rosary(http://laic
i.op.org/eng/library/rosary.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101112211722/http://laici.op.org/eng/library/
rosary.php) 12 November 2010 at theWayback Machine.
41. "How to Say the Dominican Rosary", Confraternity of the Most Holy Rosary
(http://rosaryconfraternity.org/the-rosary/
how-to-pray-the-rosary/)
42. "Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae" (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/
hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae_en.html) . Retrieved 2007-02-10.
43. Formosa, John (2004)."Dun Gorg - San Gorg Preca"(https://web.archive.org/web/20130729115215/http://www .free
webs.com/museumstjulians/dungorgsangorgpreca.htm) . Museum San Giljan. Archived from the original (http://www.f
reewebs.com/museumstjulians/dungorgsangorgpreca.htm)on 29 July 2013.
44. Garry Wills, The Rosary, Viking Press 2005, ISBN 0-670-03449-5 page 13
45. "Our Lady's Rosary Makers", Access date: 15 May 2008.(http://www.olrm.org/)
46. Shamon, Albert Joseph Mary (1 June 2003).Our Lady Teaches about Sacramentals and Blessed Objects. CMJ
Publishers and Distributors. p. 31.ISBN 9781891280122. "To Mariamante, Our Lady said: "The Scapular of Mount
Carmel is a sign of my protection. Wear it always. It will help you to do good because it is a sign of my love and will
remind you of me often. This is the purpose of all sacramentals--to remind you of the person behind them and to
help you to imitate their virtues. The Scapular and the Rosary are the greatest of these and will ford
af you the most
protection. I want all my children to wear one. It will help them to love Jesus more. This is a simple means by which
God helps His children. Wear it always." (The Apostolate of Holy Motherhood, pp. 10-11.)"
47. Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort (1965).The Secret of the Rosary(https://books.google.com/books?id=7wMv
AAAAYAAJ&q=St.+Louis+De+Montfort+rosary+wear+neck&dq=St.+Louis+De+Montfort+r osary+wear+neck&hl=en&
sa=X&ei=R6eYUKWIE4ry9gTq5ICgDw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA) . Montfort Publications. p. 67.ISBN 0895550563.
Retrieved 6 November 2012.
48. Johnston, William M., Encyclopedia of Monasticism, Volume 1 (2000, ISBN 1-57958-090-4), p. 246
49. Code of Canon Law (http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P48.HTM). Holy See. Retrieved 2011-06-28. "Can.
1171"
50. McNamara, Edward. "Wearing the Rosary as a Necklace", Zenit, 14 June 2011(http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/wear
ing-the-rosary-as-a-necklace)
51. Ball 2003, p. 483.
52. Claudia Kinmonth. Irish Rural Interiors in Art(https://books.google.com/books?id=JEFgbIApBusC&pg=P A67&dq=we
aring+rosary#v=onepage&q=wearing%20rosary&f=false) . Yale University Press. Retrieved 2011-06-28. "Such icons
were displayed in homes which sometimes seemed to possess few other material things: in some of the poorest
houses, where people could not afford religious pictures, prints, or even a crucifix, a rosary could be hung up in their
place."
53. Garbowski, Christopher (27 January 2014).Religious Life in Poland: History, Diversity and Modern Issues.
McFarland. p. 222. ISBN 9780786475896. "If folk religion is demonstrated by drivers with rosaries hanging from
rearview mirrors or St. Christopher figures on the dashboard, still common enough in Poland, the fish sticker on the
car is a more conscious symbol of a witnessing Christian--significantly
, unlike the former, it is on the outside of the
car for everyone to see. This stops some interested Catholics from placing the symbol on their cars, since they feel
might not live up to the good driving practices that should accompany its presence. "
54. Ordaz, Lynette Marie, The Real Mary, Authorhouse Books, 2008,ISBN 978-1-4343-4332-1 p. 88
55. Santos, Lucia, Fatima in Lucia's Own Words, 1976, Ravengate PressISBN 0-911218-10-6
56. Vatican website for PopePaul VI's Apostolic Constitution Indulgentiarum Doctrina[1] (http://www.vatican.va/holy_fat
her/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19670101_indulgentiarum-doctrina_en.html)
57. Pope John Paul II, 1996,Gift And Mystery, Doubleday Books ISBN 978-0-385-40966-7 page 28
58. Hilgers, Joseph. "Novena." The Catholic Encyclopedia. o
Vl. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 7 Oct.
2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11141b.htm)
59. Christopher, Joseph P., Spence, Charles E., and Rowan, John F., The Raccolta or A Manual of Indulgences, 2003
ISBN 0-9706526-6-6 pages 294-296
60. The Church's Most Powerful Novenasby Michael Dubruiel 2006ISBN 1-59276-097-X pp. 171-174
61. Ball 2003, p. 394.
62. Ball 2003, pp. 121, 245.
63. Michael Freze, 1993, Voices, Visions, and Apparitions, OSV Publishing ISBN 0-87973-454-X
64. The Rosary for Episcopalians/Anglicansby Thomas Schultz 2003ISBN 1-58790-055-6
65. A Lutheran Rosary (http://www.giftsofaith.com/Files/lutheranrosary.pdf). Retrieved 14 March 2010.
66. Dennis Di Mauro (2012)."A Rosary for All Christians?"(http://paulist.org/ecumenism/rosary-all-christians)
. Paulist
Fathers. Retrieved 5 November 2012. "I call the rosary "ecumenical", since the prayers and "miracles" are either
directly from the Bible or are derived from the Bible.
"
67. Mary: The Imagination of Her Heartby Penelope Duckworth 2004ISBN 1-56101-260-2 page 118
68. http://kingofpeace.org/prayerbeads.htm
69. Personal Prayer Book, 1522

Works cited
Ball, Ann (2003). Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices
. Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 0-87973-910-X.
McNicholas, John T. (October 1917). "The Rosary". The Ecclesiastical Review. VII (4).

General references
"Rosary" in New Catholic Encyclopedia. Ed. Catholic University of America. New Y
ork:McGraw Hill, 1967.
Further reading
Friar Servants of Mary (1990).Rosary of Our Lady of Sorrows. Chicago, Illinois.
Miller, John D. (2001). Beads and Prayers: The Rosary in History and Devotion
. Continuum. ISBN 0860123200.
Montfort, Louis de (1995). God Alone: The Collected Writings of St. Louis Marie De Montfort
. Montfort Publications.
ISBN 0-910984-55-7.
Paul VI (2 February 1974). "Marialis Cultus: For the Right Ordering and Development of Devotion to the Blessed
Virgin Mary". Archived from the original on 29 June 2016.
Pious XII (15 September 1951)."Ingruentium Malorum: Encyclical on Reciting the Rosary"
. Archived from the
original on 28 February 2015.
Todd, Oliver (2003). The Lourdes Pilgrim. Matthew James Publishing.
Ward, J. Neville (2005). Five for Sorrow, Ten for Joy: Meditations on the Rosary. Seabury Classics. ISBN 1-59628-
012-3.

External links
"How to Pray the Rosary", a pamphlet
Perpetual Web Rosary, an interactive rosary

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