CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE

GENES IN ANDEAN COMMON BEAN JALO DE LISTRAS

PRETAS CULTIVAR

PEDRO SOARES VIDIGAL FILHO1,2, MARIA CELESTE GONALVES

VIDIGAL1,2, ABRO F. MEDEIROS3, PEDRINA GONALVES VIDIGAL4

INTRODUCTION: Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

(Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib., is one of the most widespread and economically important
fungal diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The resistance is
considered the most important factor in integrated control strategy, which includes
cultural practices, use of mixed cultivars, quarantines and fungicides (Chaves,
1980). In previous studies genotypes collected from different parts of Paran state
were screened with several races of C. lindemuthianum for anthracnose resistance;
and among them Jalo de Listras Pretas demonstrated to be resistant to races 9, 31,
65, 69, 73, 81, 89, and 95. On the other hand this cultivar revealed a compatible
reaction to pathotypes 7, 19 and 55 (Andean) and the Mesoamerican pathotype 453
(Vidigal Filho et al., 2004). Many anthracnose resistance loci have been
characterized in common bean being identified as the Mesoamerican origin. Only
one anthracnose resistance gene, Co-1, has been characterized from the Andean
gene pool; therefore new Andean resistant genes are constantly being sought (Kelly
& Vallejos, 2004). The results obtained by Vidigal Filho et al. (2004) showed that
the Jalo Listras Pretas cultivar has different Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK)
resistance spectrum and carry the different gene from Co-1 locus. At the moment
there is no information about inheritance and independence of the gene present in
Andean cultivar Jalo de Listras Pretas in relation to genes previously characterized.
The objective of this work was to investigate the inheritance of anthracnose
resistance and characterize the independence of the gene present in Jalo Listras
Pretas.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The traditional Andean common bean cultivar

Jalo de Listras Pretas was crossed with Michigan Dark Red Kidney (resistant to
race 73), Kaboon, Perry Marrow, Widusa, AB 136 (all resistant genotypes to race
65), Ouro Negro and MSU (resistant to race 64), and Mexico 222 and Cornell 49-
242 (susceptible to race 64 and 73, respectively). Seedlings of parents, F1 and F2 of
each cross, were spray-inoculated with standardized spore concentration (1.2 x 106
spores mL-1) of each race of C. lindemuthianum (Table 1), using a De Vilbiss

1
Professores, 2Bolsistas Produtividade do CNPq, Universidade Estadual de Maring, Av. Colombo, 5790,
Maring, 87020-900, PR. Email:. mcgvidigal@uem.br, (0xx44) 32614552;
3
Mestrando de Agronomia, UEM; 4Colaboradora Tcnica.

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number 15 atomizer powered by an electric compressor. After inoculation, plants
were maintained at high relative humidity (>95%) for 48 h at 21-23 oC. Plants were
allowed to dry and were transferred to the greenhouse where they were kept for 5
days. Seedlings were evaluated for their disease reaction using a scale of 1 to 9
(Balardin et al., 1990). Plants with not visible disease symptoms or with only a
few, very small lesions mostly on primary leaf veins were recorded as resistant
(scale 1 to 3), whereas plants with numerous small or enlarged lesions, or with
sunken cankers on both sides of leaves and the seedling stem, were recorded as
susceptible (scale 4 to 9). The allelism tests were conducted in seven F2
populations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The inheritance studies demonstrated a 3R:1S

ratio in the F2 populations from the crosses Jalo de Listras Pretas x Cornell 49-242,
and Jalo de Listras Pretas x Mexico 222, when they were inoculated with races 73
and 64, respectively. This fact indicates the presence of only one resistant gene in
Andean cultivar Jalo de Listras Pretas. According to Table 1, the allelism tests in
seven F2 populations from the crosses of Jalo de Listras Pretas and other previously
characterized cultivars supported an expected 15R: 1S ratio. These results indicate
the action of two independent dominant genes conferring resistance to anthracnose.
Allelism tests in the crosses involving Jalo de Listras Pretas with Michigan Dark
Red Kidney, Perry Marrow, Kaboon, Widusa, AB 136, Ouro Negro and MSU 7
cultivars, fitted a 15R:1S ratio in F2 population, indicating that each of the cultivars
carry an independent dominant resistance gene. This result supports the
independence of the gene in Jalo de Listras Pretas from other Andean and Middle
American resistance genes. The allelism tests confirmed that the dominant gene
present in Jalo de Listras Pretas is independent from the Co-1, Co-12, Co-13, Co-15,
Co-6, Co-7, and Co-10 genes previously characterized.

Table 1. Inheritance and allelism tests for genetic characterization of anthracnose

resistance in Jalo de Listras Pretas (JLP). Reaction of nine F2 populations observed
and expected ratios of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants to inoculation with
different races of C. lindemuthianum.

Observed Expected
Crosses Resistance P
Race Ratio Ratio 2
Gene value
R S R:S
JLP** x Cornell 49-
73 Co-2 174 55 3:1 0.117 0.73
242
JLP x Mexico 64 Co-4 38 12 3:1 0.026 0.87
JLP x MDRK* 73 Co-1 155 12 15:1 0.249 0.62
JLP x Kaboon 65 Co-12 84 5 15:1 0.060 0.81

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Table 1. Continuation.

Observed Expected
Crosses Resistance P
Race Ratio Ratio 2
Gene value
R S R:S
JLP x AB 136 65 Co-6 126 10 15:1 0.282 0.59
3
JLP x Perry Marrow 65 Co-1 93 8 15:1 0.481 0.48
JLP x Widusa 65 Co-15 167 12 15:1 0.062 0.80
JLP x MSU 7 64 Co-7 143 9 15:1 0.028 0.86
JLP x Ouro Negro 64 Co-10 97 6 15:1 0.031 0.85
*MDRK = Michigan Dark Red Kidney.

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated the segregation of one dominant resistant

gene in Jalo de Listras Pretas. The allelism tests confirmed that the dominant gene
present in Jalo de Listras Pretas is independent from the Co-1, Co-12, Co-13, Co-2,
Co-3, Co-6, Co-7, Co-9, and Co-10 genes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: P.S. Vidigal Filho is sponsored by CNPq. This

research was supported by CNPq, Araucaria Foundation and Capes.

REFERENCES

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