FINAL EXAMINATION in Educ.

200 (MGA- 202)

I. Direction: Discuss the following questions and give/cite examples. (25 points each)

1. What is academic freedom? Identify the rights of the teacher, educational institution and students
contained in the provisions of academic freedom

Academic freedom may be viewed from two standpoints, such as the point of view of the educational
institution and the point of view of the members of academe. The first point of view speaks of the
freedom of the institution to determine the qualification of its teachers, the course of study, and
admission policies. From the standpoint of the members of academe, academic freedom is the freedom
of the teacher or research workers in institutions of higher learning to investigate and discuss the
problems of his science and to express his conclusions either through publications or in instruction of
the students, without interference from political or ecclesiastical authority, or from administrative
officials of the institution. (R.P. Aquino, 2011)

Supreme Court has made it clear that, as far as the Philippines is concerned; it is the institution rather
than the individual that enjoys full academic freedom.

In its 2010 decision on Mercado et al vs. AMA Computer College (G.R. No. 183572), the Supreme Court
said: Last but not the least factor in the academic world, is that a school enjoys academic freedom a
guarantee that enjoys protection from the Constitution no less. Section 5(2) Article XIV of the
Constitution guarantees all institutions of higher learning academic freedom. The institutional academic
freedom includes the right of the school or college to decide and adopt its aims and objectives, and to
determine how these objections can best be attained, free from outside coercion or interference, save
possibly when the overriding public welfare calls for some restraint. The essential freedoms subsumed in
the term academic freedom encompass the freedom of the school or college to determine for itself: (1)
who may teach; (2) who may be taught; (3) how lessons shall be taught; and (4) who may be admitted to
study.

Teacher/
Right Students
Faculty
intellectual debate without fear of censorship or retaliation
right to remain true to his or her pedagogical philosophy and

intellectual commitments.
make comparisons and contrasts between subjects taught in a

course and any field of human knowledge or period of history.
right to express their views in speech, writing, and through
electronic communication, both on and off campus without fear
of sanction, unless the manner of expression substantially impairs

the rights of others or, in the case of faculty members, those views
demonstrate that they are professionally ignorant, incompetent, or
dishonest with regard to their discipline or fields of expertise.
right to study and do research on the topics they choose and to draw
what conclusions they find consistent with their research, though it

does not prevent others from judging whether their work is valuable
and their conclusions sound.
political, religious, or philosophical beliefs of politicians,

administrators, and members of the public cannot be imposed
 right to seek redress or request a hearing if they believe their rights

have been violated
protects from reprisals for disagreeing with administrative policies or

proposals.
right to challenge one anothers views, but not to penalize them for

holding them.
individual and institutional right to maintain academic standards.
substantial latitude in deciding how to teach the courses for which

they are responsible.
guarantees that serious charges against a faculty member will be
heard before a committee of his or her peers. It provides faculty
members the right to due process, including the assumption that the
burden of proof lies with those who brought the charges, that
faculty have the right to present counter-evidence and confront
their accusers, and be assisted by an attorney in serious cases if they
choose.

2. What is K+12 or RA #10533? Discuss the salient features of K+12 in the elementary and secondary
level as well as senior high school. Why is it called spiral curriculum?

RA No. 10533 is an act of enhancing the Philippine basic education system by strengthening its
curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education, appropriating funds therefor and for
other purposes

The salient features of RA 10533 seek to: (a) strengthen early childhood education; (b) build proficiency
through language; and (c) provide specialized upper secondary education.

Universal Kindergarten. In consonance with Republic Act No. 10157, or the Kindergarten Education
Act, RA 10533 institutionalizes Kindergarten education -- 1 year of preparatory education for children
at least 5 years old, as part of the basic education system and as a prerequisite for admission to Grade 1.
Public schools will continue to admit children who have not taken Kindergarten into Grade 1 only until
this school year.

Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education. As it is believed that language plays a strategic role in
shaping the formative years of learners, basic education shall now be delivered in languages understood
by the learners or the learners Mother Tongue. Twelve Mother Tongue languages have been
introduced for SY 2012-2013: Bahasa Sug, Bikol, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hilagaynon, Ilokano,
Kapampangan, Maguindanaoan, Maranao, Pangasinense, Tagalog and Waray. Thus, for kindergarten
and Grades 1 to 3, the learners Mother Tongue shall be used for instruction, teaching materials, and
assessment. DepEd Order No. 31, series of 2012, clarified that from Grades 1 to 3, Filipino and English
will be taken only as a subject, together with the learners Mother Tongue. Thereafter, the DepEd will
formulate a mother language transition program from Grades 4 to 6, so that Filipino and English shall
gradually be introduced as languages of instruction, until such time when these 2 languages can become
the primary languages of instruction at the secondary level.

Senior High School. Two years of specialized upper secondary education shall be added to the high
school program. Students will be assessed to determine their interests and strengths and help them
decide on their specialization. The choice of specialization will define the content of the subjects a
student will take in Grades 11 and 12. They may choose from either Core Curriculum or Specific Tracks
subjects. The Core Curriculum is composed of 7 learning areas: Languages, Literature, Communication,
Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences; while the three (3) Tracks subjects are
Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes 3 strands:
Business, Accountancy and Management; Humanities, Education and Social Sciences; and Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Students can obtain Certificates of Competency or National
Certificate Level I and II, after finishing Grade 10 and 12, respectively. This new certification system aims
to improve the chances for employment of graduates and will allow them to have middle-level skills or
become entrepreneurs after graduating from high school.

3. Are you in favor of transferring of power of PNP (War on Drugs) to the PDEA? Yes or No? If yes or
no, then support your answer.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) has the responsibility to enforce the law, to prevent and
control crimes, to maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and internal security with the
active support of the community. This encompasses the Anti-Illegal Drugs Operation and Investigation in
the Philippines.

On the other hand, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is responsible for efficient law
enforcement of all provisions on any dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential chemicals. The
PDEAs powers as stated in RA 9165 include: carrying out a national anti-drug campaign program, such
as drug law enforcement, as well as control and prevention campaign, with the assistance of concerned
government agencies; administering oath and issuing subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to
the conduct of investigation involving violations of RA 9165; arresting and apprehending, as well as
searching all violators; and seizing or confiscating effects or proceeds of the crimes as provided by law
and taking custody of the effects or proceeds.

The directive of the President to leave to the PDEA the conduct of all campaigns and operations
against all those who, directly and indirectly, and in whatever manner or capacity, are involved in or
connected with illegal drugs pursuant to RA 9165 and bring order in the campaign against illegal drugs,
thus, pinpointing precise accountability.

Through such, a clear line of accountability in the campaign against illegal drugs was
distinguished. However, PDEA chief Aaron Aquino admitted that the impact of drug campaign
operations might be limited due to their lack of manpower.