Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2015

Time: 3 Hours December 06, 2015

Instruction: Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed. Rulers and compasses are allowed. Answer all the questions.
All questions carry equal marks. Maximum marks: 102. Answer to each question should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the
question number.

1. Two circles and , with centres O and O, respectively, are such that O lies on . Let A be a point on
and M the midpoint of the segment AO. If B is a point on different from A such that AB is parallel to
OM, show that the midpoint of AB lies on .
Let AB intersect circle at M
OO=OM (radius of )
O lies on a line in the mid of two parallel lines (as
M is the mid-point of AO)
MO is perpendicular to the parallel lines
M is the mid-point of AB as O is the center of
circle and perpendicular from center on the chord
bisects the chord.

2. Let P(x) = x2 + ax + b be a quadratic polynomial where a and b are real numbers. Suppose
P 1 2
, P 0 , P 1
2 2
is an arithmetic progression of integers. Prove that a and b are integers.
1 a b , b , 1 a b and are in AP 2 b 1 a b 1 a b
2 2 2 2 2 2
Given that
1 2b a 0 . Also 1 a b , b , 1 a b are all integers, which implies that b is an
2 2 2 2 2

integer and simplifying the others we get that 2 a 1 b is also an integer. If b is of the form n , then
2
p 2 p
a where p, n I .Also 1 2b a 0 1 2 n 0 . On simplifying we

2 1 n
4 1 n
2

n I b I thereafter using the fact b b 1 a we get that a is an integer.

2 2 2
get that

Show that there are infinitely many triples x , y , z of integers such that x y z .
3 4 31
3.

Intuitively plug one of the variables as ZERO, the equation remains in two variables. For ex.
4 3 4 3
If we plugin z 0, y x , consider the integers of the form x a so as to give y a as the solution
to the given equation. Hence for infinite integral values of a there are infinite integral solutions to the
given equation.

4. Suppose 36 objects are placed along a circle at equal distances. In how many ways can 3 objects be chosen
from among them so that no two of the three chosen objects are adjacent nor diametrically opposite?
Number of ways of choosing 3 objects from 36 objects= , Number of ways to choose 3 objects such
36

3
that they are adjacent= 36 , Number of ways to choose 3 objects such that exactly two of them are adjacent=
36 32 for each pair of adjacent objects there are 32 ways to find the third point. Number of ways to
choose 3 objects such that two of them are diametrically opposite = (18*34), Number of ways to choose 3
objects such that two of them are diametrically opposite as well as the third is adjacent = (18*4)
Number of ways to choose 3 objects from 36 equidistant objects on a circle with the restrictions placed by
the problem = 36 32 36 18 34 18 4 5412
36

ashish.khare@gmail.com
 Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2015
Time: 3 Hours December 06, 2015

5. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcircle and incentre I. Let the internal angle bisectors of A, B and
C meet in A, B and C respectively. Let BC intersect AA in P and AC in Q, and let BB intersect
AC in R. Suppose the quadrilateral PIRQ is a kite; that is IP = IR and QP = QR. Prove that ABC is an
equilateral triangle.

By chasing the angle we get CPI PIRQ is cyclic.
2
B B
which is sufficient to conclude A C .
2 2 2

C A Moreover QRI IR is inradius which is
2
also equal to IP.
IBC and IB'C ' are congruent as all angles are equal and
length of perpendicular from I on opposite side is same
(inradius) BIC and B ' IC ' are vertically opposite
B'C ' BC B C Hence the triangle ABC is equilateral.
6. Show that there are infinitely many positive real numbers a which are not integers such that a a 3a
is an integer, (Here a denotes the fraction part of a. For example 1.5 0.5; 3.4 0.6.)
If a a 3a I then plug a a a where a is the integral part of a, hence it suffices to show that

a aa 2 a I a a 2 a I .
2 2

1 1
Consider real numbers a with a , hence a 1 I , therefore the infinite real numbers with
2 2
1
integral part as odd integer and fractional part as , satisfy the given condition.
2

ashish.khare@gmail.com