VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAGPUR

A PAPER ON

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN PORT TRUST

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

P.S.KULKARNI

BY

MANAS MONDAL(BT14EEE056)

NACHIKET BAPAT(BT14EEE057)

SHASHANK REDDY(BT14EEE058)

NAITIK SHAH(BT14EEE059)

HARSHITHA(BT14EEE060)
1.INTRODUCTION
Energy conservation, a severe concern
for the port trust because of the
sudden energy demand and related costs,
aging electrical equipments and concerns
about reliability, efficient energy usage
geographically based power network and
distribution design.With the increase in
electricity demands,due to expanded use
of alternate maritime power and thermal
automation, there is need for energy
conservation.
2.STUDY OF PORT ENERGY UTILISATION
In the port, energy is consumed for
lighting, power system loss, loading and
unloading operations and other purposes.
2.1.Study of lighting energy utilisation
Lighting of port is provided for proper and
safe operations during night
time.Therefore, design and management
of lighting should be proper so that main
purpose gets served with optimum use of
energy.
2.2.Study of power system energy
utilisation
Power system energy consumption
includes transmission, distribution where
major losses takes place.Apart from
this,reactive losses also contributes.
Transmission losses takes place in step
down transformer and transmission lines.
Distribution losses takes place in
distribution transformer and low voltage
lines. Reactive losses are due to use of
electric motors which have considerably
low power factor.
2.3.Study of energy utilisation in handling
operations
Energy consumption of port majorly
includes loading and unloading
operations. Energy used in production
container is more than 72.81% of total
energy consumption and bulk terminal
where loading and unloading
infrastructure and horizontal transport of
machineries consume 58.6% each in the
total energy consumption.
In the loading and unloading machineries ,
energy consumption includes cargo
displacement and other includes wastage
of energy due to poor management.
The machineries used for loading and
unloading operations are majorly
controlled by their individual drivers and
central control room. So, energy
consumption is affected by drivers and
control room.
Thus, additional energy losses are due to
energy loss for processes and operations
which occurs in loading and unloading
operation.
2.4.Study of energy utilisation in offices
Office energy consumption accounts for
very small proportion of total energy
consumption in port. It includes fuel
consumption, office power consumption,
heating consumption. The energy
consumption is mainly because of long
light, too low air-conditioning
temperature. It may account for small
proportion but we have to pay attention
to it.
3. Calculation of port energy utilisation
The three indexes used for measuring port
energy consumption are measuring the
energy used by loading and unloading
machineries , integrated port energy
consumption, integrated production
energy consumption as per MT
throughputs.
3.1. Loading and unloading machineries
In this energy can be computed by the
formula
e=E/T
where e-energy used by loading and
unloading machineries per MT throughput
E-energy used by loading and
unloading machineries
T-throughputs of the ports
3.2.Integrated production energy
consumption
In this, energy can be calculated by using
the formula-
p=P/T
where, p-integrated production energy
consumption per MT throughput
P-integrated production energy
consumption
T-throughputs of the port
3.3.Integrated port energy consumption
In this, energy can be calculated by using
the formula-
q=Q/T
where, q-integrated port energy
consumption per MT throughput
Q-integrated port energy
consumption
T-throughputs of the port
4.ENERGY CONSERVING MEASURES
4.1.Measures for energy conservation in
handling operation
Energy can be saved in handling operation
by improving the single drivers skill,which
has large impact on energy saving.For
example,large cranes are used, which has
complicated auxiliary systems, and they
are used at different speeds according to
the application.If the speed and auxiliary
systems are optimized ,efficiency can be
increased by 33%.
There are other ways of energy
conservation in handling process, ensuring
proper support tools, proper lubrication of
machineries because if machine is
properly lubricated, it can run at medium
speed, which gives maximum efficiency.
4.2.Measures for energy conservation in
lighting
Large amount of energy can be saved
using natural light wherever possible.
Using different rating bulbs for different
purposes, use of Light Emitting Diode(LED)
bulbs, Compact Flourescent Light(CFL)
bulbs, making use of sunlight and
switching off lights when not needed. T-throughputs in this period
Choosing high efficiency lights reduces the
power consumption.
5.2.Energy saving rate
4.3.Measures for energy conservation in
offices Energy saving rate can be calculated by
using formula,
Energy can be saved by reducing stand by
consumption of electrical appliances, =(e-e)/e
using air conditioner at more than 26
degree temperature during where, -Energy saving rate
summer.Switch off fans and other
e-integrated production energy
electrical appliances when not needed.
consumption in base period
4.4.Measures for energy conservation in
e- integrated production energy
power system
consumption in this period
To reduce power system losses, use
T-throughputs in this period
efficient transformer and have a rational
voltage level difference to reduce the 5.3.Throughput elastic coefficient
transformer levels. Energy can be saved
Throghput elastic coefficient is calculated
by using the transformers at proper load
by using formula-
so that copper and iron losses are same.
Use of high voltage level transmission
lines reduces losses.
=(dE/E)/(dT/T)
5.CALCULATIONS OF PORT ENERGY
SAVING INDEXES where, -Throughput elastic coefficient

There are 3 indexes in measurement of dE-remains of this year energy

port energy saving.
5.1.Amount of energy saving
The saved amount of energy is computed
with the formula-
E=(e-e)T
Where,E- energy saving in port
e-integrated production energy
used in base period
e- integrated production energy
used in this period
consumption minus remains of last year
energy consumption
E-amount of energy saving
dT-remains of this years
throughput minus last years throughputs
T-throughputs in the port
6.CONCLUSION
This paper discuss about the energy
conservation in the port trust which
involves consumption in space lighting,
power system, loading and unloading
operations. Some of the conservative
measures were suggested regarding the
above mentioned problems. But in reality,
the preventive measures should be taken
according to present situation in the port.

7.REFERENCES:

1) Cuilian Liu. "Analysis of Energy-Saving

Measures in Ports"-
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/622697
2)Wikipedia