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(ODPDULOOR\HOURMRVRQORVFRORUHV<DQJSRU
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""
\FDORU
(OYHUGHEODQFR\QHJURVRQORVFRORUHV<LQ
SRUWDQWRUHSUHVHQWDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHV<LQGH
IUtR\GRORU
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WUDFWXUDGHOPHULGLDQR\GHORVWHQGRQHVUHVSHF
WLYDPHQWH
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H[FHVLYDSpUGLGDGHODVDQJUHRODDQHPLD
(OQHJURFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRIUtRGHORV
ULxRQHV
OBSERVAR
(ODPDULOORSiOLGRUHSUHVHQWDGLYHUVDVHQIHU
PHGDGHVYDFtDV
6LORVPDODUHVWLHQHQHOFRORUURMRGHQVRUHSUH
VHQWDQHOFUHFLPLHQWRH[FHVLYRGHO<LQ\ODGHEL
OLGDGGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD
18
# 2EVHUYDQGRODSDUWHDJXGD\ODSDUWHREWXVDVH
SXHGHVDEHUHQTXpYtVFHUDXyUJDQRQDFHODHQ
IHUPHGDG\KDFLDGyQGHVHGHVDUUROOD
6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDIXHUD
LQGLFD OD HQIHUPHGDG LQWHUQD TXH VH GHVDUUROOD
KDFLDODVXSHUFLHGHOFXHUSRODTXHHVIiFLOGH
FXUDU
6L OD SDUWH DJXGD GHO FRORU VH GLULJH KDFLD
DGHQWURLQGLFDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQDTXHVHGH
VDUUROODKDFLDODSURIXQGLGDGGHOFXHUSRODTXH
HVPiVGLItFLOGHWUDWDU
6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDUULEDHV
GHVIDYRUDEOHSRUTXHHODJXDGHVWUX\HHOIXHJR
HVXQDDOWHUDFLyQGHVWUXFWLYD
6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDEDMR
HVIDYRUDEOHSRUTXHHOIXHJRGHVWUX\HHODJXDHV
XQDDOWHUDFLyQQRGHVWUXFWLYD
(OGHVDUUROORGHOFRORUHQXQKRPEUHKDGHVHU
GHVGHODL]TXLHUGDKDFLDODGHUHFKDVLQRVHUtDXQ
FDVRJUDYH
(QXQDPXMHURFXUUHWRGRORFRQWUDULR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
19
(OFRORUGHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGLQWHUQD
(OFRORUGHQVR\DSDJDGRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
?
PHGDGFUyQLFD\JUDYH
(OFRORUFODURUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQD
(OFRORUFODUR\EULOODQWHUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGLQLFLDO\OLYLDQD
(OFRORUTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRHOFLHORGHVSHMDGR
LQGLFDODPHMRUtDGHODHQIHUPHGDG
(OFRORUTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRHOFLHORQXEODGR
LQGLFDODDJUDYDFLyQGHODHQIHUPHGDG
20
? (VXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLKD\FRQWUDGLFFLyQGHO
DJXD\HOIXHJR
(VWRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODDSDULFLyQGHOFRORU
GHQVRFRQFHQWUDGRHOQHJURHQODIUHQWH\HOURMR
HQORVSyPXORV
(VXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLDSDUHFHHOYHUGHRV
FXURHQORVODELRV\ODFDUDRVLDSDUHFHUHSHQWL
QDPHQWH HO QHJUR \ EODQFR FRPR VL IXHUD XQ
PDTXLOODMHDOWHUDGRSRUHOVXGRU
21
#
(O FRORU EXHQR HV XQ FRORU DFRPSDxDGR SRU OD
HQHUJtDHOEULOOR
OBSERVAR
(OFRORUPDORHVXQFRORUGHQVR\DSDJDGR
/RSHRUGHWRGRHVXQDIRUPDFLyQGpELOGHVR
QRPtDODIUHQWHHVWUHFKD\HQFLPDWHQHUHOFRORU
PDOR
22
/DHQIHUPHGDGOOHQDGHOKtJDGRODLUDHVODHPR
# FLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOKtJDGRSRUHOORORVSD
&
FLHQWHVVXHOHQVHULUULWDEOHV
(O YHUGH HV HO FRORU TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO Kt
JDGR SRU HOOR ORV SDFLHQWHV VXHOHQ WHQHU FDUDV
YHUGHV
(OODGRL]TXLHUGRFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRSRU
HOOR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH GRORU FRVWDO L]
TXLHUGR 1 GHO 7 OD PDGHUD VH XELFD HQ OD
L]TXLHUGD
(OKtJDGRQXWUHDORVWHQGRQHVSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVVXHOHQSDGHFHUGHFDODPEUHV
(OYLHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVVXIUHQGHPDUHRRFXODU\HVSDVPRV
/D KHUQLD FRUUHVSRQGH DO KtJDGR SRU WDQWR
ORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHKHUQLD
(OKtJDGR\ODYHVtFXODELOLDUVRQGRVPHULGLD
QRVDFRSODGRVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQ
GHVRUGHUD
1GHO7(OPHULGLDQR9%SDVDSRUHORtGR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(OYDFtRGHKtJDGRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODGLVPLQX
FLyQYLVXDO\HOSiQLFR
(QVtQWHVLV
7LSR OOHQR LUULWDGR FDUD YHUGH GRORU FRVWDO
L]TXLHUGR PDUHR RFXODU FDODPEUHV HVSDVPRV
KHUQLD\VRUGHUD
7LSRYDFtRGLVPLQXFLyQYLVXDOSiQLFR
23
/DDOHJUtDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO
"@ FRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQHXIyULFRV
(OURMRFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVURMDV
(OFDORUFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQVHG\VRQLQTXLHWRV
(O FRUD]yQ VH H[WHULRUL]D SRU OD OHQJXD SRU
HOORORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQOHQJXDFRORUDGD
/D XELFDFLyQ TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRUD]yQ HV
SRUDUULEDSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHV
WLDVSRUHQFLPDGHORPEOLJR
(OWyUD[HVODPRUDGDGHOFRUD]yQ\ORVSXOPR
QHV SRU WDQWR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH GRORU
WRUiFLFR
/DLQWUDQTXLOLGDGGHOFRUD]yQSURGXFHODGLV
PLQXFLyQGHPHPRULDODSDOSLWDFLyQ\ODWDTXL
FDUGLD
(OFRUD]yQOOHQRSURGXFHODORFXUD
(OFRUD]yQYDFtRSURGXFHODWULVWH]D
OBSERVAR
24
(O DPDULOOR FRUUHVSRQGH DO ED]R SRU WDQWR ORV
SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVDPDULOODV
'
/DPHODQFROtDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGH
DOED]RSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQPHODQFy
OLFRV
(OFHQWURHVODXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO
ED]RSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHVWLDV
HQHORPEOLJR
(OED]RFRPDQGDHOVDERUSRUWDQWRORVSD
FLHQWHVVRQLQDSHWHQWHV
(O ED]R FRPDQGD ORV FXDWUR PLHPEURV SRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQDVWpQLFRV
(OED]RFRPDQGDHODEGRPHQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH KLQFKD]yQ DEGRPLQDO \
ERUERULJPRGRORUDEGRPLQDO\GLDUUHDTXHVRQ
FDXVDGRVSRUHOYDFtRGHOED]R
(OED]RFRPDQGDORVP~VFXORVSRUWDQWRHO
ED]ROOHQRSURGXFHODSHVDGH]FRUSRUDOODKLQ
FKD]yQDEGRPLQDO\HOHVWUHxLPLHQWR
25
(OFRORUEODQFRFRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHVSRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVSiOLGDV
"
/DDQJXVWLDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHD
ORVSXOPRQHVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQDQJXV
WLRVRV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
/DGHUHFKDHVODXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHD
ORV SXOPRQHV SRU WDQWR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ
GHGRORUFRVWDOGHOODGRGHUHFKR
/RV SXOPRQHV FRPDQGDQ OD SLHO SRU WDQWR ORV
SDFLHQWHV WLHQHQ SLHOHV GRORURVDV \ PX\ VHQVL
EOHVDOIUtR\DOFDORU
/D HQIHUPHGDG GH ORV SXOPRQHV SURGXFH OD
WRVODH[SHFWRUDFLyQHOHVWRUQXGRHOPRFRODGLV
QHDHWF
(O WyUD[ HV OD PRUDGD GH ORV SXOPRQHV SRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHGRORUWRUiFLFR
(OYDFtRGHORVSXOPRQHVSURGXFHHODVPDGDGD
VXHVFDVDHQHUJtDHQHOWyUD[
26
(O FRORU QHJUR FRUUHVSRQGH D ORV ULxRQHV SRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVQHJUDV
(OPLHGRHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORV
ULxRQHVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQPLHGRVRV
/DXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVHV
SRUDEDMRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHV
WLDVSRUGHEDMRGHORPEOLJR
(ODJXDFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHHGHPDKLQFKD]yQDEGRPL
QDO\GHOSLHGLVQHD\GLFXOWDGHQDFRVWDUVH
/RVULxRQHVVHFDQDOL]DQSRUHOyUJDQRJHQLWDO\
HODQRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQGLFXOWDGHV
SDUDRULQDU\H[FUHPHQWDU
OBSERVAR
/RVULxRQHVFRPDQGDQORVKXHVRV\VRQDFRSOD
GRVFRQODYHMLJDSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGH
FHQGHGRORUyVHR\GRUVDOHKLQFKD]yQKLSRJiV
WULFD
(OERVWH]RFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVSRUWDQWR
ORVSDFLHQWHVERVWH]DQIUHFXHQWHPHQWH
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGUHQDODVFLHQGHDOFRUD]yQ
HOSDFLHQWHVLHQWHYDFtRHQHOFRUD]yQTXHVHSD
UHFHDODVHQVDFLyQGHKDPEUH
/D XELFDFLyQ TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D ORV ULxRQHV HV
SRUDEDMRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQORVSLHV
IUtRV
27
/DHQIHUPHGDGKHSiWLFDTXHVHPDQLHVWDSRUHO
FRORUYHUGHHVXQDFRQFRUGDQFLDGHOFRORUFRQOD
HQIHUPHGDG VL VH PDQLHVWD SRU RWUR FRORU HV
XQDGLVFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOORV
("
6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUURMRHVXQDGRPLQDQ
&"H
J FLDGHOKLMRDODPDGUHGHVIDYRUDEOH
6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUDPDULOORHVGHELGRD
TXHODHQIHUPHGDGGHVWUX\HHOFRORUQRVHDJUD
YDUiODHQIHUPHGDG
6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUEODQFRHVGHELGRDTXH
HOFRORUGHVWUX\HODHQIHUPHGDGVHDJUDYDUiOD
HQIHUPHGDG
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
28
"
/RV FLQFR FRORUHV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D ODV
(
FLQFRYtVFHUDVVHPDQLHVWDQHQVXVGHELGDV]R
QDVIDFLDOHVPLHQWUDVTXHODFRQFLHQFLDHVJXDU
GDGDSRUGHQWURGHOFRUD]yQ\QRFRUUHVSRQGHD
QLQJ~QFRORU6LQHPEDUJRVHSXHGHSHUFLELUHO
HVWDGR GH OD FRQFLHQFLD SRU OD PLUDGD GHO SD
FLHQWHSDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODJUDYHGDGGHODHQIHU
PHGDG
29
/D SXSLOD QHJUX]FD HO LULV D]XODGR HO JORER
EODQFR\ORVGRViQJXORVURMRVVRQORVFRORUHVQRU
(
PDOHVGHXQRMR6LVHPH]FODQHVWRVFRORUHVTXH
DSDUHFHQHQHOOXJDUQRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVHUtDXQ
PDODXJXULR
6LHOFRORUGHORViQJXORVRFXODUHVHVGHPDVLDGR
URMRKDEUiHUXSFLyQR~OFHUD
OBSERVAR
6LHOFRORUGHORViQJXORVRFXODUHVHVDPDULOOR
KDEUiFRQYDOHFHQFLD
/RVJORERVDPDULOORVUHSUHVHQWDQODLFWHULFLD
30
(OSDFLHQWHTXHDEXVDHQFHUUDUORVRMRVSDGHFH
"
GHODHQIHUPHGDG<LQ(QHOFDVRFRQWUDULRVHUtD
(
XQDHQIHUPHGDG<DQJ
(OLULVTXHVHGDYXHOWDKDFLDDUULEDHVXQVtQWRPD
GHODJRWDPLHQWRGH<DQJ
/D FHJXHUD HV XQ VtQWRPD GHO DJRWDPLHQWR GH
<LQ
/RVRMRVTXHVHKXQGHQGHUHSHQWHHVXQVtQWRPD
GHODJRWDPLHQWRGHODHQHUJtDYLWDO
/DPLUDGDFODYDGDHVXQVtQWRPDGHODFDEDPLHQWR
GHODFRQVFLHQFLD
III. ESCUCHAR
31
3ULPHURH[LVWHODYR]\OXHJRHOVRQLGR3RUHVR
# ODYR]HVODUDt]GHOVRQLGR\HVWHHVIRUPDGRSRU
ODWRQDOLGDGGHODYR]$VLPLVPRODVGLYHUVDVYL
EUDFLRQHVRWRQDOLGDGHVVHWUDQVIRUPDQHQFLQFR
VRQLGRVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV
/RVFLQFRVRQLGRVVRQ'2FRUUHVSRQGHDOKt
JDGR /$ FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRUD]yQ 0, FR
UUHVSRQGHDOED]R5(FRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXO
PRQHV\62/FRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHV
32
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
$OPRYLPLHQWRGHODOHQJXDVHGHEHQODVGLVWLQ
WDVWRQDOLGDGHVVRQRUDVSRUWDQWRODOHQJXDHVOD
OODYHGHOVRQLGR
/DVFRPELQDFLRQHVHQWUHORVGLHQWHV\ORVODELRV
SDUWLFLSDQHQODHODERUDFLyQGHOVRQLGRSRUWDQWR
HVWRVVRQVXSOHPHQWRVGHOVRQLGR
/RVFLQFRVRQLGRVVRQSURGXFLGRVSRUHVWRVFLQFR
DSDUDWRVODULQJHFXHUGDVYRFDOHVOHQJXDGLHQ
WHV\ODELRV
33
QRUYROXPHQGHOVRQLGR
M
+D\OHQJXDDJXGD\REWXVDODDJXGDSURGXFHXQ
VRQLGRSXUR\ODREWXVDSURGXFHXQVRQLGRWDUGR
+D\ FXHUGDV YRFDOHV QDV \ JUXHVDV ODV QDV
SURGXFHQXQVRQLGRFODUR\ODVJUXHVDVSURGXFHQ
XQVRQLGRWXUELR
+D\ODELRVJUXHVRV\QRVORVQRVSURGXFHQXQ
VRQLGRUiSLGR\ORVJUXHVRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGR
OHQWR
+D\GLHQWHV\X[WDSXHVWRV\HVSDFLDGRVORV\X[
WDSXHVWRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGRFRQFHQWUDGR\ORV
HVSDFLDGRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGRGLVHPLQDGR
(VWRVVRQORVVRQLGRVQRUPDOHVGHDFXHUGRD
FDGDWLSRGHSHUVRQD
ESCUCHAR
34
1HL.LQJ GLFH (O FLHOR QXWUH DO KRPEUH FRQ
FLQFRHQHUJtDVTXHHQWUDQSRUODQDUL]\SHQHWUDQ
HQODVYtVFHUDVOXHJRKDFHQHYLGHQFLDUORVFLQFR
FRORUHVHQODFDUD\KDFHQH[SUHVDUORVFLQFRVR
QLGRV3RUHOORFDGDYtVFHUDWLHQHVXVRQLGRFR
UUHVSRQGLHQWH
0,HVXQVRQLGREDMRDPSOLRIXHUWH\YROXPL
QRVRTXHVHHPLWHGHVGHODODULQJHFRQODOHQJXD
FRORFDGDHQHOFHQWURGHODFDYLGDGEXFDOSHUWH
QHFHDODWLHUUD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOED]R
5(HVXQVRQLGRVHFRVREULR\WLPSiQLFRTXHVH
HPLWHGHVGHODFDYLGDGEXFDOSHUWHQHFHDOPHWDO
\VHFRPXQLFDFRQORVSXOPRQHV
62/HVXQVRQLGRDJXGRUHGXFLGR\WLHUQRTXH
VHHPLWHGHVGHORVODELRVHQWUHDELHUWRVSHUWHQHFH
DODJXD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQORVULxRQHV
/$ HV XQ VRQLGR HOHYDGR \ DUPyQLFR TXH VH
HPLWH FRQ OD OHQJXD WRFDQGR ORV GLHQWHV SHUWH
QHFHDOIXHJR\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOFRUD]yQ
'2 HV XQ VRQLGR X\HQWH \ PRGHUDGR TXH VH
HPLWHFRQODOHQJXDFXUYDGDSHUWHQHFHDODPD
GHUD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOKtJDGR
6RQHVWRVORVVRQLGRVQRUPDOHVGHODVFLQFRYtV
FHUDV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
35
Q
3RUODDOHJUtDHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUJR]RVR\GLV
SHUVDGR
3RUODLUDHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUIXULRVRSUHVWR\
YLROHQWR
3RUODWULVWH]DHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUSDWpWLFRSH
QRVR\GHVRODGRU
3RUODSD]HOVRQLGRKDGHVHUSOiFLGRVHUHQR\
DUPRQLRVR
3RUODYHQHUDFLyQHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUVROHPQH
PDMHVWXRVR\VHQVDWR
3RUHODPRUHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUWLHUQRFDULxRVR
\PHORGLRVR
(VWRV VRQ ORV VRQLGRV QRUPDOHV GH DFXHUGR D
FDGDPRPHQWRHPRFLRQDO
36
/DDOWHUDFLyQGHODH[SUHVLyQVRQRUDHVDTXHOVR
QLGRTXHQRFRQFXHUGDFRQODFRQVWLWXFLyQItVLFD
"
\HOHVWDGRHPRFLRQDO
W"
(OVRQLGRHOHYDGR\HVIRU]DGRFRPRHOJULWRFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGKHSiWLFD
(OVRQLGRYROXPLQRVR\WyQLFRFRPRODULVDFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGFDUGLDFD
(OVRQLGROLJHUR\H[WHQGLGRFRPRHOFDQWRFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOED]R
ESCUCHAR
(OVRQLGRFRQYXOVLYR\HQWUHFRUWDGRFRPRHOVR
OOR]RFRUUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGSXOPRQDU
(OVRQLGREDMR\WHQXHFRPRHOJHPLGRFRUUHV
SRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGUHQDO
37
"
*HQHUDOPHQWHXQSDFLHQWHKDEODGRUSDGHFHGHOD
& HQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVD
*HQHUDOPHQWHXQSDFLHQWHFDOODGRSDGHFHGHOD
HQIHUPHGDGIUtD
/DSURQXQFLDFLyQDFHQWXDGDUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHWLSROOHQR
/DSURQXQFLDFLyQiWRQDUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
GHWLSRYDFtR
/D SURQXQFLDFLyQ PX\ GpELO \ VXVSHQVD HV XQ
VtQWRPDGHODJRWDPLHQWRHQHUJpWLFR
/DV SDODEUDV LUUDFLRQDOHV VRQ XQ VtQWRPD GH OD
SpUGLGDGHFRQVFLHQFLD
38
/D DIRQtD FRQ UXJLGR iVSHUR UHSUHVHQWD OD DFX
PXODFLyQGHOFDORULQWHUQRHQORVSXOPRQHVPR
WLYDGDSRUODUHSUHVLyQGHOIUtRH[WHUQR
/DPXGH]GHULYDGDGHODFRQYXOVLyQHVGLItFLOGH
WUDWDU
/DDIRQtDSURGXFLGDSRUHOFDQWRUSXHGHFXUDUVH
DXQVLQQLQJ~QWUDWDPLHQWR
IV. PREGUNTAR
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
*
$
W"
)
*
X
39
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
40
(OKtJDGRGRPLQDDORVFLQFRFRORUHV
(OED]RGRPLQDDORVFLQFRVDERUHV
(OFRUD]yQGRPLQDDORVFLQFRRORUHV
/RVULxRQHVGRPLQDQDORVFLQFRKXPRUHV
/RVSXOPRQHVGRPLQDQDORVFLQFRVRQLGRV
41
0"
(OFRUD]yQGRPLQDDORVFLQFRRORUHV(OSDFLHQWH
TXHSRVHHODVHQVLELOLGDGDQRUPDODQWHORVFLQFR
RORUHVSDGHFHGHFDUGLRSDWtD
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQHOFRUD]yQ
PLVPRHOSDFLHQWHDEXVDGHRORUTXHPDGRHQHO
ED]RDEXVDGHIUDJDQFLDHQORVULxRQHVDEXVDGH
RORUUDQFLRHQORVSXOPRQHVDEXVDGHRORUFiU
QHRHQHOKtJDGRDEXVDGHRORUSHQHWUDQWH
(OED]RFRPDQGDDORVFLQFRVDERUHV(OSDFLHQWH
TXHSRVHHODVHQVLELOLGDGDQRUPDODQWHORVFLQFR
VDERUHVSDGHFHGHODHQIHUPHGDGGHOED]R
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQHOED]RPLVPR
HO SDFLHQWH DEXVD GH VDERU GXOFH HQ HO KtJDGR
DEXVDGHVDERUiFLGRHQHOFRUD]yQDEXVDGHVD
ERUDPDUJRHQORVSXOPRQHVDEXVDGHVDERUSL
FDQWHHQORVULxRQHVDEXVDGHVDERUVDODGR
/RVULxRQHVFRPDQGDQDORVFLQFRKXPRUHV(O
GHVHTXLOLEULRGHKXPRUHVXQVtQWRPDGHHQIHU
PHGDGUHQDO
PREGUNTAR
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQORVULxRQHV
PLVPRVDEXQGDHOHVSXWRHQHOFRUD]yQDEXQGD
HOVXGRUHQHOKtJDGRDEXQGDODOiJULPDHQHO
ED]RDEXQGDODVDOLYD\HQORVSXOPRQHVDEXQGD
HOPRFR
42
/DHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUHOGtD
? \ VH DSDFLJXD SRU OD QRFKH HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG
#
HQHUJpWLFDVLQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVVDQJXtQHDV\FDX
VDGDSRUHOH[FHVRGH<DQJ
/DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUODQRFKH\
VHDSDFLJXDSRUHOGtDHVXQDHQIHUPHGDGVDQJXt
QHDVLQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVHQHUJpWLFDV\HVFDXVDGD
SRUHOH[FHVRGH<LQ
/DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUHOGtD\VH
DSDFLJXDSRUODQRFKHHVGHELGDDODDJUHVLyQGH
<LQD<DQJ
/D HQIHUPHGDG FDOXURVD TXH VH DFHQW~D SRU OD
QRFKH\VHDSDFLJXDSRUHOGtDHVGHELGDDODDJUH
VLyQGH<DQJD<LQ
/DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DWDQWRSRUOD
QRFKH FRPR SRU HO GtD HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG<LQ
JUDYH\HODJRWDPLHQWRGH<DQJ
/DHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVDTXHVHDFHQW~DWDQWRSRU
OD QRFKH FRPR SRU HO GtD HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG
<DQJJUDYH\HODJRWDPLHQWRGH<LQ
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
/DHQIHUPHGDGTXHVHPDQLHVWDHQIRUPDFDOX
URVDSRUODQRFKH\IRUPDIUtDSRUHOGtDHVXQD
SHUWXUEDFLyQGH<LQ\<DQJ(VXQVtQWRPDSHOL
JURVtVLPRVLHVWiDFRPSDxDGRSRUODDQRUH[LD
43
"
$EXVDGHFRPLGDIUtDFDORULQWHUQR
"
$EXVDGHFRPLGDFDOLHQWHIUtRLQWHUQR
$EXVDGHEHELGDIUtDFDORUOOHQR
$EXVDGHEHELGDFDOLHQWHIUtROOHQR
%HELGDIUtD\HVFDVDFDORUYDFtR
%HELGDFDOLHQWH\HVFDVDIUtRYDFtR
44
"
(OHVWUHxLPLHQWRHVXQVtQWRPDOOHQRTXHSXHGH
W
VHU FDXVDGR SRU HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR GH<LQ VL QR
HVWiDFRPSDxDGRGHRWURVVtQWRPDVFDOXURVRV
/D GLDUUHD HV XQ VtQWRPD YDFtR TXH SXHGH VHU
FDXVDGDSRUODDFXPXODFLyQGH<DQJVLQRHVWi
DFRPSDxDGDGHRWURVVtQWRPDVIUtRV
45
"
/DRULQDFRORUDGDFDORULQWHUQR
6LODRULQDVXHOHWHQHUXQWRQROLJHUDPHQWHFR
ORUDGRRDPDULOORHVGHELGRDOYDFtRGH<LQ
PREGUNTAR
/DRULQDEODQFDIUtRLQWHUQR
6L OD RULQD VXHOH VHU EODQFD FRPR OHFKH HV
GHELGRDODDFXPXODFLyQGHODKXPHGDGFDOX
URVD
V. EL DIAGNSTICO
COMBINADO
46
(QIHUPHGDGYHUGDGHUD
#
(OSDFLHQWHTXHHVSHUDFRQDQKHORODOOHJDGDGHO
PpGLFR
([SUHVDXQJHVWRDQJXVWLRVRDQWHVGHKDEODU
*HQHUDOPHQWHHOSDFLHQWHVHFXEUHFRQODPDQR
OD]RQDGRORURVD
(QIHUPHGDGYHQWRVDPLHQWUDVVHSDOSDHOSXOVR
HOSDFLHQWHQRSXHGHKDEODUFRQFRQWLQXLGDGVH
LQWHUUXPSHFDGDUDWR(OTXHKDEODUiSLGDPHQWH
SDGHFH GHO VtQWRPD OOHQR 6L KDEOD PX\ OHQWD
PHQWHHVXQVtQWRPDYDFtR
(QIHUPHGDGIDOVD
(OSDFLHQWHTXHHVSHUDDOPpGLFRFRQLQGLIHUHQ
FLDVLELHQHVWiHQIHUPRYHUGDGHUDPHQWHGHEH
UtDVHUXQDSHUVRQDVREHUELD
([SUHVLyQWUDQTXLODSXOVRVQRUPDOHV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
0LHQWUDVVHOHSDOSDHOSXOVRHOSDFLHQWHWUDJDOD
VDOLYDRERVWH]D
47
48
"
6LVHPDQLHVWD XQR GH ORV FLQFR FRORUHV HQ OD
]RQD GH HQWUH FHMDV KD\ HQIHUPHGDG FXWiQHD
" SRUTXHORVSXOPRQHVFRPDQGDQODSLHO
6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORViQJXORVRFXODUHV
KD\HQIHUPHGDGWHQGLQRVDSRUTXHHOKtJDGRFR
PDQGDORVWHQGRQHV
6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORVODELRVKD\HQIHU
PHGDG PXVFXODU SRUTXH HO ED]R FRPDQGD ORV
P~VFXORV
6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORVYDVRVKD\HQIHU
PHGDGVDQJXtQHD
EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO
6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQODVRUHMDVKD\HQIHU
PHGDG yVHD SRUTXH ORV ULxRQHV FRPDQGDQ ORV
KXHVRV
49
"
(O FDEHOOR FUHFH KDFLD DUULED FRUUHVSRQGH DO
"
IXHJR\DOFRUD]yQ
/DEDUEDFUHFHKDFLDDEDMRFRUUHVSRQGHDODJXD
\DORVULxRQHV
(OSHORGHWRGRHOFXHUSRFRUUHVSRQGHDOPHWDO\
DORVSXOPRQHV
/DVFHMDVFUHFHQKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHFRUUHVSRQGHQ
DODPDGHUD\DOKtJDGR
(OSHORGHODD[LOD]RQDJHQLWDO\GHOD]RQDDE
GRPLQDOSHUWHQHFHQDODWLHUUD\HOED]R
(OSHORGHEHVHUEULOODQWH\H[LEOH(OSHORGXUR
\VHFRUHSUHVHQWDXQDHQIHUPHGDGJUDYH
50
1HL.LQJGLFH6LHOSXOVRHVWHQVRODSLHO
"
" GHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDWDPELpQVHUiWHQVDVLHO
'
SXOVRHVRMRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiRMDVLHOSXOVR
HVSHTXHxRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiGHSULPLGDVLHO
SXOVRHVDPSOLRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiVDOLHQWHVL
HOSXOVRHVOLVRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiOLVD\VLHO
SXOVRHViVSHURDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiiVSHUD3RU
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
HVRGLJRTXHODSLHOGHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDFRLQ
FLGHFRQHOSXOVR
51
"
6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV IUtD KD\
" GLDUUHDSRUODHQIHUPHGDGYDFtD
6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV FDOLHQWH
KD\HQIHUPHGDGHSLGpPLFDRJULSH
6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV OLVD KD\
HQIHUPHGDGYHQWRVD
6LODSLHOGHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHViVSHUDKD\
UHXPDWLVPR
6L OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV FDUQRVD KD\ DEXQ
GDQFLDGHODHQHUJtD\ODVDQJUH
6LOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHVGHOJDGDKD\FDUHQFLD
GHHQHUJtD\VDQJUH
52
"
"
(OODGRH[WHUQRGHODQWHEUD]RUHSUHVHQWDOD]RQD
GRUVDO\HOKRPEUR
(OODGRLQWHUQRGHODQWHEUD]RUHSUHVHQWDODFDYL
GDGWRUiFLFD
/DSDOPDUHSUHVHQWDODFDYLGDGDEGRPLQDO
EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO
/DHPLQHQFLDWHQDULDVLHVYHUGHRDSDUHFHQORV
YDVRV HQ FRORU YHUGH KD\ H[FHVR GH IUtR HQ HO
HVWyPDJR
3RUFXDOTXLHUYDULDFLyQWpUPLFDHQGLFKDV]R
QDVVHSXHGHGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVD
RIUtDGHVXFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH]RQD
53
3RUHQFLPDGHORPEOLJRUHSUHVHQWDHOHVWyPDJR
3RUGHEDMRGHORPEOLJRUHSUHVHQWDHOLQWHVWLQR
54
55
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
&DORUHQHOLQWHVWLQRPDWHULDIHFDOFDOLHQWH\GH
FRORURFUH
)UtR HQ HO LQWHVWLQR RULQD EODQFD ERUERULJPR
GLDUUHDLQPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHODFRPLGD
9[%[\
/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPDGHUDFXWLVYHUGRVR
FXHUSRUHFWRODFDEH]D\ORVPLHPEURVGHOJDGRV
"
"
/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRWLHUUDFXWLVDPDULOOHQWR
OD FDEH]D \ ORV PLHPEURV UHGRQGHDGRV OD FLQ
WXUDODFDGHUD\HOKRPEURUREXVWRVHVFUpGXOD
WUDQTXLOD\VHJXUD
EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO
/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPHWDOFXWLVEODQFRUDV
JRVDQJXORVRVHVVHFDYROXQWDULRVD\VHYHUD
/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRDJXDFXWLVPRUHQROD
FDEH]D\ORVPLHPEURVFDUQRVRV\WLHUQRVWLHQH
PRYLPLHQWRV XFWXRVRV HV LUyQLFD \ DWUHYLGD
FRQDSDULHQFLDUHVSHWXRVD
61
"
8QDSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPDGHUDKDGHWHQHUHO
FXWLVYHUGRVRTXHFRQFXHUGDFRQVXFRQVWLWXFLyQ
M
#
F
ItVLFD\UHHMDVXHVWDGRQRUPDOGHODVDOXG/D
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
62
"
/D SHUVRQD TXH FRPH SRFR \ HQJRUGD KD\
?
REVWUXFFLyQGHOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRU6LVXVP~VFXORV
FDUHFHQGHFRQVLVWHQFLD\SUHVHQWDQFRPRDOJR
GyQDQWHODSUHVLyQUHSUHVHQWDHODJRWDPLHQWRGH
ODHQHUJtDYLWDO
/DSHUVRQDTXHFRPHSRFR\DGHOJD]DHVSRU
ODGHELOLGDGHQJHQHUDO
/DSHUVRQDTXHFRPHPXFKR\DGHOJD]DKD\
H[FHVRGHODHQHUJtD<DQJ
63
"
/DKLQFKD]yQHQORVDOUHGHGRUHVGHORMRUHSUH
&
&' VHQWDHGHPD
/DKLQFKD]yQTXHFRPLHQ]DSRUODFDUDUHSUH
VHQWDHGHPDGHOWLSR<DQJ
/DKLQFKD]yQTXHFRPLHQ]DSRUORVSLHVUHSUH
VHQWDHGHPDGHOWLSR<LQ
6LODKLQFKD]yQIDFLDOOOHJDKDVWDHOFXHOORGHORV
SLHVOOHJDKDVWDHOPDOpRORRGHODVPDQRVOOHJD
KDVWD OD PXxHFD QR GHEHUtD VHU XQ VtQWRPD GH
HGHPDVLQRSRUHOYDFtR\HOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGHOD
HQHUJtD<DQJ
EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO
64
"
/DFDEH]DDJDFKDGD\ODPLUDGDYDFtDLQPLQHQWH
"
DJRWDPLHQWR GHO HVStULWX SXHV OD FDEH]D HV OD
PRUDGDGHODFRQFLHQFLD
/DHVSDOGDDJDFKDGDLQPLQHQWHHQIHUPHGDGJUDYH
GHOWyUD[SXHVODHVSDOGDHVODPRUDGDGHOWyUD[
/DFLQWXUDSDUDOL]DGDLQPLQHQWHDJRWDPLHQWRGH
ORVULxRQHVSXHVODFLQWXUDHVODPRUDGDGHORV
ULxRQHV
/DURGLOODUtJLGD\HOFXHUSRLQFOLQDGRHQHOFD
PLQDU LQPLQHQWH DJRWDPLHQWR GH ORV WHQGRQHV
SXHVODURGLOODHVODPRUDGDGHORVWHQGRQHV
6L QR SXHGH HVWDU GH SLH SRU PXFKR WLHPSR \
WLHPEODDOFDPLQDULQPLQHQWHDJRWDPLHQWRGHORV
KXHVRVSXHVHVWRVVRQODPRUDGDGHODPpGXOD
[9%[_
(O WLSR <LQ PD\RU FRGLFLRVR IUtR PH]
Q(
` TXLQR LJQRUDQWH FXHUSR DUTXHDGR H[SUHVLyQ
#`
"
WULVWH\FRORUDSDJDGR
(OWLSR<LQPHQRUHJRtVWDGHUURFKDGRUSt
FDUR LQVRFLDEOH H[SUHVLyQ H[DJHUDGD \ PRYL
PLHQWRVIXUWLYRV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(OWLSR<DQJPHQRUHQFDVWLOODGRYDQLGRVR
IUtYRORLQTXLHWRH[SUHVLyQ\SRVWXUDRVWHQWRVDV
(OWLSRHTXLOLEUDGRPHVXUDGRVHULRUHVSH
WXRVR HVSRQWiQHR UPH H[SUHVLyQ \ SRVWXUD
WUDQTXLOD\SDFtFD
VI. PALPAR
70
"
1HL.LQJGLFH/RVSXOVRVVRQODPRUDGDGH
ODVDQJUHSRUGRQGHFLUFXODODVDQJUHGHWRGRHO
FXHUSR 3RU HVR GLJR TXH WRGRV ORV yUJDQRV VH
FRPXQLFDQDWUDYpVGHORVSXOVRV
71
72
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
73
"
0DQRGHUHFKD
"
=RQD SUHHVWLORLGHD HO SXOVR VXSHUFLDO FRUUHV
SRQGDDOLQWHVWLQRJUXHVRHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFR
UUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHV
=RQDHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHVSRQGH
DOHVWyPDJRHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFRUUHVSRQGHDO
ED]R
=RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHV
SRQGHDOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRUHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFR
UUHVSRQGHDOSHULFDUGLR
0DQRL]TXLHUGD
PALPAR
=RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHV
SRQGHDODYHMLJDHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFRUUHVSRQGH
DORVULxRQHV
74
"
6HJ~QHO1DQ.LQJ&DQRQGHSUREOHPDV
PHGLFLQDOHVHVFULWRHQHODxRDGH&
"
/D]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODFDYLGDG
WRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRUVX
SHULRU
/D]RQDHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDOGLDIUDJPDUH
SUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRUPHGLR
/D]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODFDYLGDG
DEGRPLQDOUHSUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRU
LQIHULRU
75
"
/RVSXOVRVUDGLDOHVVHFODVLFDQJOREDOPHQWH
"
" HQ VLHWH WLSRV VXSHUFLDO PHGLDQR SURIXQGR
DQWHULRUSRVWHULRUGHUHFKRHL]TXLHUGR
6XSHUFLDOHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHODSLHO\
ODDUWHULD
3URIXQGRHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHHOKXHVR
\HOWHQGyQ
0HGLRHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHORVGRVDQ
WHULRUHVGHQWURGHOP~VFXOR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
6XSHULRU]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHDUHHMDODHQIHUPH
GDGWRUiFLFD\GHJDUJDQWDHWF
,QIHULRU]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDUHHMDODHQIHUPH
GDGKLSRJiVWULFDGHODFDGHUD\GHORVPLHPEURV
LQIHULRUHVHWF
'HUHFKRODPXxHFKDGHUHFKD
,]TXLHUGRORVSXOVRVGHODPXxHFDL]TXLHUGD
76
"
(QHO1HL.LQJVHFODVLFDQORVVLHWHWLSRV
]c%d^ GHSXOVRGHHVWDPDQHUDSXOVRJUDQGHSXOVRSH
TXHxR SXOVR IUtR SXOVR FDOXURVR SXOVR OHQWR
SXOVRSUHVWR\SXOVRGHSULPLGR
77
(O<DQJFHOHVWLDOIHFXQGDHQODL]TXLHUGDHO<LQ
"
&
WHUUHVWUH IHFXQGD HQ OD GHUHFKD 3RU WDQWR HO
#(
SXOVRL]TXLHUGRGHEHVHUPD\RUTXHHOSXOVRGH
UHFKRSDUDHOKRPEUH\YLFHYHUVDSDUDODPXMHU
6HVLW~DQHO<DQJFHOHVWLDOHQHOVXUHO<LQFHOHV
WLDOHQHOQRUWHHO<DQJWHUUHVWUHHQHOQRUWH\HO
<LQWHUUHVWUHHQHOVXU&RPRHO<DQJHVIpUWLO\
HO<LQ HV HVWpULO SRU HOOR VH HQFXHQWUD HO SXOVR
SUHHVWLORLGHRPiVOOHQRTXHHOSXOVRSRVWHVWLORL
GHRHQHOKRPEUH\HOSXOVRSRVWHVWLORLGHRPiV
OOHQRTXHHOSXOVRSUHHVWLORLGHRHQODPXMHU
PALPAR
78
"
1HL.LQJGLFHKD\SXOVRVHQORVPHUL
]c%d^ GLDQRVSDUDLQGDJDUODVHQIHUPHGDGHV(VWRV
SXOVRV VRQ GLYLGLGRV HQ WUHV SDUWHV \ HQ FDGD
SDUWHKD\WUHVSXOVRVTXHVRQHOSXOVRFLHOR
HOSXOVRWLHUUD\HOSXOVRKRPEUH
(OSXOVRFLHORGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVRGH
OD ]RQD WHPSRUDO SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPH
GDGGHODFDEH]DSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO
<LQPHQRUGHOSLHPHULGLDQRGHOULxRQ
(OSXOVRWLHUUDGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVRGH
ODPHMLOODSDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDGGHOD
ERFD\ORVGLHQWHVSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO
<DQJOXPLQRVRGHOSLHPHULGLDQRGHOHVWyPDJR
(OSXOVRKRPEUHGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVR
GH SRU GHODQWH GH OD RUHMD SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD
HQIHUPHGDGRFXODU\DXULFXODUSRUGRQGHSDVDOD
HQHUJtDGHO<DQJPHQRUGHODPDQRPHULGLDQR
GHOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRU
(OSXOVRFLHORGHODSDUWHPHGLDHOSXOVRUDGLDO
SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG SXOPRQDU SRU
GRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPD\RUGHODPDQR
PHULGLDQRGHORVSXOPRQHV
(O SXOVR WLHUUD GH OD SDUWH PHGLD HO SXOVR
+2.8,*SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDG
WRUiFLFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<DQJOX
PLQRVRGHODPDQRHOPHULGLDQRGHOLQWHVWLQR
JUXHVR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(O SXOVR KRPEUH GH OD SDUWH PHGLD HO SXOVR
6+(10(1&SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPH
GDGFDUGLDFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQ
PHQRUGHODPDQRHOPHULGLDQRGHOFRUD]yQ
(O SXOVR FLHOR GH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU HO SXOVR
:8/, + SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG
KHSiWLFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPt
QLPRGHOSLHHOPHULGLDQRGHOKtJDGR
(O SXOVR WLHUUD GH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU HO SXOVR
7$,6+, 5 SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG
UHQDOSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPHQRU
GHOSLHHOPHULGLDQRGHOULxyQ
(OSXOVRKRPEUHGHODSDUWHLQIHULRUHOSXOVR
&+,0(1%3SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPH
GDGJiVWULFD\GHOED]RSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHU
JtDGHO<LQPD\RUGHOSLHHOPHULGLDQRGHOED]R
\SiQFUHDV
79
"
(QHO1DQ.LQJVHFODVLFDQORVQXHYHSXO
]c%d^ VRVGHHVWDPDQHUDKD\WUHVSXOVRVVXSHUFLDO
PHGLRSURIXQGRHQFDGD]RQDUDGLDOSUHHVWLORL
GHDHVWLORLGHDSRVWHVWLORLGHD
80
"
6LHOSXOVRUDGLDOVHLQWHUUXPSHSRUFDGDSXO
"
"
VDFLRQHVHVQRUPDO
PALPAR
3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHXQDYtV
FHUD
3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHGRVYtV
FHUDV
3RU FDGD SXOVDFLRQHV DJRWDPLHQWR GH WUHV
YtVFHUDV
3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHFXDWUR
YtVFHUDV
0HQRVGHSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHFLQFR
YtVFHUDV PX\ JUDYH VL D~Q ODWH LUUHJXODUPHQWH
HVODPHQWDEOH
81
"
+D\FLHUWDVGLIHUHQFLDVVXWLOHVHQWUHORVSXOVRV
"
TXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVFLQFRYtVFHUDVDVDEHU
"
&RUD]yQ HO SXOVR HV VXSHUFLDO DPSOLR \ DOJR
GLVHPLQDGR
3XOPyQHOSXOVRHVVXSHUFLDOiVSHUR\FRUWR
+tJDGRHOSXOVRHVSURIXQGRH[WHQVR\ODUJR
5LxyQHOSXOVRHVSURIXQGROLVR\EODQGR
%D]RHOSXOVRHVPHGLDQROHQWR\SOiFLGR
(OODWLGRQRUPDOGHHVWRVSXOVRVWLHQHTXHVHU
PRGHUDGR\WUDQTXLOR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
82
83
Q
W )DFWRUH[WHUQRSRUODLQXHQFLDGHODVVHLVHQHU
JtDVSHUYHUVDVYLHQWRIUtRFDORUKXPHGDGVH
"
TXtD\IXHJRHOSXOVRVHSUHVHQWDGHXQDIRUPD
DPSOLDWHQVDUiSLGDODUJDROLVDHWF
)DFWRULQWHUQRSRUODLQXHQFLDGHODVVLHWHHPR
FLRQHVDOHJUtDLUDPHODQFROtDREVHVLyQWULV
WH]DWHPRU\SDVPRHOSXOVRVHSUHVHQWDGHXQD
IRUPDGpELOERUURVRFRUWRiVSHURREODQGRHWF
84
Q
([LVWHDSDUWHGHORVGRVIDFWRUHVDQWHGLFKRV
WDPELpQXQIDFWRUQXWULWLYRTXHHMHUFHODLQXHQ
"
FLDVREUHHOSXOVRODTXHVHDSUHFLDSULQFLSDO
PHQWHHQOD]RQDHVWLORLGHDGHOSXOVRUDGLDOGHOD
PDQRGHUHFKD\HQGRVIRUPDV
PALPAR
3XOVRIXHUWHHVGHELGRDODOLPHQWRLQDGHFXDGR
3XOVRGpELOHVGHELGRDOFDQVDQFLRH[FHVLYR
85
86
87
"
(OSXOVRQRUPDOHVUtWPLFR\SOiFLGRFRQXQD
IUHFXHQFLD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH ODV FXDWUR \ ODV
FLQFRSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSLUDFLyQ
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
88
'XUDQWH FDGD UHVSLUDFLyQ HO SXOVR TXH ODWH
WUHVYHFHVUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGIUtD\HOTXH
#
"
"'"
ODWH VHLV YHFHV UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG FDOX
URVD&XDQGRODVSXOVDFLRQHVQRDOFDQ]DQDWUHV
YHFHV R H[FHGHQ D RFKR YHFHV KD\ HQIHUPHGDG
PX\JUDYH
89
3XOVRVVXSHUFLDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDOFLHORUHH
"
"
/ MDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHVVXSHUFLDOHVVRQPRWLYD
"
/H"
#
GRVSRUORVIDFWRUHVH[WHUQRV(OYLHQWRSURGXFH
OD HQIHUPHGDG VXSHUFLDO HO IUtR SURGXFH OD
HQIHUPHGDG<LQHOFDORUSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDG
FDUGtDFDODKXPHGDGSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDGDE
GRPLQDO OD VHTXtD SURGXFH OD HQIHUPHGDG SXO
PRQDU\HOIXHJRSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDG<DQJ
3XOVRVSURIXQGRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDODWLHUUDUHH
MDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV LQWHUQDV VRQ PRWLYDGRV
SRUORVIDFWRUHVLQWHUQRV/DDOHJUtD\HOSDVPR
GDxDQDOFRUD]yQODLUDGDxDDOKtJDGRODREVH
VLyQ\ODPHODQFROtDGDxDQDOED]RODWULVWH]DGD
xDDORVSXOPRQHV\HOWHPRUGDxDDORVULxRQHV
3XOVRV iVSHURV UHHMDQ HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR GH OD
VDQJUH
3XOVRVOLVRVUHHMDQHOWUDVWRUQRGHOWULSOHFDOHQ
WDGRU
PALPAR
90
3RUFLHUWRTXHH[LVWHXQDJUDQYDULHGDGGHORV
/DSURIXQGLGDGDEDUFDORVSXOVRVVXSHUFLDOHV\
ORVSXOVRVSURIXQGRV
/DYHORFLGDGDEDUFDORVSXOVRVSUHVWRV\ORVSXO
VRVOHQWRV
/DIRUPDDEDUFDORVSXOVRVOLVRV\ORVSXOVRViV
SHURV
91
(OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOSXOPyQVHSHUFLEH
HQWUHODSLHO\ODDUWHULD
"
(OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQVHSHUFLEHD
ODSURIXQGLGDGGHODDUWHULD
(OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRVHSHUFLEHD
ODSURIXQGLGDGGHOWHQGyQ
(OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVVHSHUFLEH
DODSURIXQGLGDGGHOKXHVR
92
(OSXOVREODQGRVXSHUFLDO\GpELO
'"
"
(OSXOVRGpELOSURIXQGR\GpELO
"
(OSXOVRKXHFRVXSHUFLDO\IXHUWH
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(OSXOVRVyOLGRSURIXQGR\IXHUWH
(OSXOVROOHQRIXHUWHDODVWUHVSURIXQGLGDGHV
(OSXOVRYDFtRGpELODODVWUHVSURIXQGLGDGHV
(OSXOVRERUURVRPX\GpELODODVWUHVSURIXQGL
GDGHVHVVHPHMDQWHDXQKLORDSXQWRGHFRUWDUVH
(OSXOVRGLVHPLQDGRPX\GpELODODVWUHVSURIXQ
GLGDGHVSDUHFHDORVSpWDORVGHVSDUUDPDGRV
(OSXOVRWXEXODUIXHUWHSRUODVXSHUFLH\SRUHO
SURIXQGRGpELOSRUHOPHGLR
(OSXOVRODWHQWHPX\SURIXQGR\PX\GpELO
93
(OSXOVROHQWRWUHVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSLUD
"
FLyQ
"
(OSXOVRSUHVWRVHLVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSL
UDFLyQ
(OSXOVRSOiFLGRGHFXDWURDFLQFRSXOVDFLRQHV
SRUFDGDUHVSLUDFLyQ
(O SXOVR LPSHWXRVR VLHWH SXOVDFLRQHV SRU FDGD
UHVSLUDFLyQ
(O SXOVR SDXVDGR FXDWUR SXOVDFLRQHV SRU FDGD
UHVSLUDFLyQ\VHLQWHUUXPSH
(OSXOVRLUUHJXODUVHLVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHV
SLUDFLyQ\VHLQWHUUXPSH
(O SXOVR LQWHUPLWHQWH VH LQWHUUXPSH SHULyGLFD
PHQWH/DGXUDFLyQGHODLQWHUUXSFLyQHVDOJRPiV
SURORQJDGDTXHODGHORVGRVSXOVRVDQWHULRUHV
PALPAR
94
(OSXOVROLVRSDUHFHDODEROD\UHVEDOD
'"
(OSXOVRiVSHURODWHFRQPXFKDDVSHUH]D
"
(OSXOVRH[WHQVRSDUHFHDXQDFXHUGDH[WHQGLGD
(OSXOVRWHQVRXQSRFRPiVDQFKRTXHHOSXOVR
H[WHQVRWDPELpQUHVEDOD
(O SXOVR DPSOLR VXEH FRQ YLJRU \ EDMD DWH
QXDQGR
(OSXOVRJUDQGHJUDQGH\YLJRURVR
(OSXOVRHVWUHFKRSHTXHxRFRPRXQKLOR
(OSXOVRDJLWDGRVHDJLWDFRPRXQSRURWR1RU
PDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDVRORHQOD]RQDPHGLD
(OSXOVRODUJRODORQJLWXGVXSHUDDODVWUHV]RQDV
UDGLDOHV
(OSXOVRFRUWRQRFXEUHODVWUHV]RQDV
95
/RVSXOVRVVXSHUFLDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDO<DQJ
"
\ UHHMDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV H[WHUQDV FDXVDGDV
"
SRUODVVHLVHQHUJtDVSHUYHUVDV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
PALPAR
96
/RVSXOVRVSURIXQGRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDO<LQ\
"
UHHMDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHVLQWHUQDVFDXVDGDVSRU
"
HOIDFWRUHPRFLRQDORQXWULWLYR
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(OSXOVRSURIXQGRH[WHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODKLGUR
SHVtDLQWHUQD
97
(OSXOVREODQGRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHO<DQJ
"
/ (OSXOVRGpELOUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGH<LQ
b/&
/
(OSXOVRERUURVRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHU
JtD\VDQJUH
(OSXOVRGLVHPLQDGRUHSUHVHQWDHOH[WUHPRYD
FtRGHODHQHUJtD
(OSXOVRKXHFRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHUJtD
QXWULWLYD
(OSXOVRVyOLGRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGLQWHUQD
\GRORURVD
(OSXOVRYDFtRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRHQJHQHUDO
(OSXOVROOHQRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGOOHQDHQ
JHQHUDO
(OSXOVRWXEXODUUHSUHVHQWDODDQHPLD
98
(OSXOVROHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHDO<LQUHSUHVHQWDODV
"
/ HQIHUPHGDGHVGHODVYtVFHUDVPDFL]DV
"
/
8Q SXOVR OHQWRIXHUWH UHSUHVHQWD OD HQ
IHUPHGDGGRORURVDSRUHOH[FHVRGH<LQ
8QSXOVROHQWRGpELOUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
GRORURVDSRUHOYDFtRGH<LQ
PALPAR
(OSXOVRSUHVWRFRUUHVSRQGHD<DQJUHSUHVHQWD
ODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHODVYtVFHUDVKXHFDV
8QSXOVRSUHVWRIXHUWHUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGGHOH[FHVRGH<DQJ
8Q SXOVR SUHVWRGpELO UHSUHVHQWD OD HQ
IHUPHGDGGHOYDFtRGH<DQJ
(OSXOVRSOiFLGRVLHVDPSOLRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHOED]R\GHOHVWyPDJRFDXVDGDSRUOD
DFXPXODFLyQGHODKXPHGDGLQWHUQD
(O SXOVR LUUHJXODU UHSUHVHQWD HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR
GHODHQHUJtD<DQJ
(OSXOVRSDXVDGRUHSUHVHQWDHOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGH
ODHQHUJtD<LQ
(O SXOVR LQWHUPLWHQWH UHSUHVHQWD OD GHELOLGDG
YLVFHUDO\ODFDUHQFLDGH<DQJ
(OSXOVROLVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOWULSOH
FDOHQWDGRU
(OSXOVRiVSHURUHSUHVHQWDODDQHPLD
99
(OSXOVRH[WHQVRUHSUHVHQWDXQHGHPD
"
/ (OSXOVRWHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGIUtD\
"
/
/
/
GRORURVDFDXVDGDSRUHO<LQOOHQR
(OSXOVRDPSOLRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGFDOX
URVDFDXVDGDSRUHO<DQJOOHQR
(OSXOVRDJLWDGRUHSUHVHQWDODOXFKDHQWUHHO<LQ
\HO<DQJ
(OSXOVRODUJRUHSUHVHQWDODVDOXG
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
(OSXOVRFRUWRUHSUHVHQWDODHVFDVH]GHODHQHUJtD
(OSXOVRHVWUHFKRUHSUHVHQWDODGHELOLGDGGHOD
HQHUJtD
(OSXOVRJUDQGHUHSUHVHQWDHODJUDYDPLHQWRGH
ODHQIHUPHGDG
100
101
102
GpELO\YDFtR(VSHOLJURVRVLWLHQHODWUDQVSLUD
FLyQHVSRQWiQHDRHOSXOVRSUHVWR
PALPAR
103
104
105
106
"
3XOVRFRKHUHQWHSXOVRVXSHUFLDO
3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHODWHQWH
107
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
108
109
110
111
112
PALPAR
113
114
115
116
117
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS
118
119
120
121
PALPAR
122
"
"
/RVSXOVRVFODURVUHSUHVHQWDQODQREOH]DVRQORV
"
? ODWLGRVVXDYHVWUDQTXLORV\QRWDEOHV
]"
>%e^
/RVSXOVRVWXUELRVUHSUHVHQWDQODPLVHULDVRQORV
ODWLGRViVSHURVFRQIXVRV\U~VWLFRV
/RVSXOVRVSHTXHxRVUHSUHVHQWDQODSREUH]D
/RVSXOVRVJUDQGHVUHSUHVHQWDQODULTXH]D
/RVSXOVRViVSHURVUHSUHVHQWDQHOLQIRUWXQLR
/RVSXOVRVOLVRVUHSUHVHQWDQHOELHQHVWDU
/RVSXOVRVODUJRVUHSUHVHQWDQODORQJHYLGDG
/RVSXOVRVFRUWRVUHSUHVHQWDQODYLGDFRUWD
8QDSHUVRQDGHDVSHFWRHOHJDQWH\SXOVRWXUELR
HVQREOHSHURPLVHUDEOH
8QD SHUVRQD GH DVSHFWR GHVDJUDGDEOH \ SXOVR
FODURHVPLVHUDEOHSHURQREOH
3XOVRFODUR\JUDQGHHVQREOH\ULFR
3XOVRFODUR\SHTXHxRHVQREOH\SREUH
3XOVRFODUR\OLVRHVQREOH\GLFKRVR
3XOVRFODUR\iVSHURHVQREOH\GHVGLFKDGR
3XOVRWXUELR\SHTXHxRHVSREUH\PLVHUDEOH
3XOVRWXUELR\JUDQGHHVPLVHUDEOHSHURULFR
3XOVRWXUELR\iVSHURHVPLVHUDEOH\GHVGLFKDGR
3XOVRWXUELR\OLVRHVPLVHUDEOHSHURGLFKRVR
3XOVRWXUELR\FRUWRHVPLVHUDEOH\YLYHSRFR
3XOVRWXUELR\ODUJRHVPLVHUDEOHSHURFRQORQ
JHYLGDG