Anda di halaman 1dari 80

LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS

CHINOS
COLOR-SONIDO-INTERROGATORIO-PALPACIN

De Instrucciones meritorias de la medicina consagrada,


bajo el auspicio del Emperador Kien-Lung,
de la dinasta Ching

Traduccin espaola:
CHAO-CHANG CHENG

Prlogo:
FERMN CABAL
/26',$*167,&26&+,126

 'HODWUDGXFFLyQ&KDR&KDQJ&KHQJ

 'HHVWDHGLFLyQ0DQGDOD Ediciones
 &7DUUDJRQD
 0DGULG (VSDxD
 7HO
 )D[
 (PDLOinfR#PDQGDODHGLFLRQHVFRP
 ZZZPDQGDODHGLFLRQHVFRP

NuevDHGLFLyQ6HSWLHPEUHGH

&XDOTXLHUIRUPDGHUHSURGXFFLyQGLVWULEXFLyQFRPXQLFDFLyQS~EOLFDRWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHHVWDREUD
VRORSXHGHVHUUHDOL]DGDFRQODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHVXVWLWXODUHVVDOYRH[FHSFLyQSUHYLVWDSRUODOH\'LUtMDVH
D&('52 &HQWUR(VSDxROGH'HUHFKRV5HSURJUiFRVZZZFHGURRUJ VLQHFHVLWDIRWRFRSLDURHVFD
QHDUDOJ~QIUDJPHQWRGHHVWDREUD

Fotografa de portada: Shutterstock


0DTXHWDFLyQ7255(6/
,PSULPH

,6%1 978-84-8352-723-8
'HSyVLWROHJDO M-32395-2012
NDICE

35/2*2                                                   

 , 6tQWHVLVJHQHUDO                                         

 ,, 2EVHUYDU                                              

,,, (VFXFKDU                                              

,9 3UHJXQWDU                                             

 9 (OGLDJQyVWLFRFRPELQDGR                                 

9, 3DOSDU                                                 


PRLOGO

3 $5$ORVFKLQRVWLHQHFDSLWDOLPSRUWDQFLDHODQiOLVLVGLDJQyVWLFRGHOHQ
IHUPRTXHUHDOL]DQEDMRWRGRVORVDVSHFWRVSRVLEOHVDQiOLVLVItVLFRSVt
TXLFR\HVSLULWXDO
&RQ LQGHSHQGHQFLD GHO GLDJQyVWLFR SXOVROyJLFR TXH EDVDPHQWD WRGR
FRPLHQ]RGHWUDWDPLHQWRWHUDSpXWLFRORVFKLQRVUHDOL]DQXQHVFUXSXORVR\
H[KDXVWLYR DQiOLVLV GHO HQIHUPR VREUH FXDWUR SLODUHV LQGHSHQGLHQWHV GH OD
SXOVRORJtDFRPRVRQHOFRORUHOVRQLGRODSDOSDFLyQ\HOLQWHUURJDWRULR
/DPLQXFLRVDREVHUYDFLyQGHOFRORUEDVDGDHQOD/H\GHORVFLQFRHOH
PHQWRVFRQGXFHDFRQFOXVLRQHVLQGLVFXWLEOHVGHRUGHQDQDOtWLFRSDUDDVtOR
JUDUXQDPHMRUDSOLFDFLyQWHUDSpXWLFD
6RQFRORUHVREVHUYDEOHVHQODVYtVFHUDVyUJDQRVSLHO\TXHWLHQHQPD
QLIHVWDFLRQHV GLYHUVDV VHJ~Q OD pSRFD HVWDFLRQDO SULQFLSDOPHQWH REVHUYD
EOHVHQGHWHUPLQDGRVOXJDUHVGHOFXHUSR
(OPpGLFRFKLQRGLDJQRVWLFDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVPHGLDQWHODHVFXFKDSHU
FLELHQGRFRQVXVRtGRVGLYHUVRVVRQLGRVDWUDYpVGHORVFXDOHVLQWX\H\ORFD
OL]DODVOHVLRQHVRUJiQLFDV8QGHWHQLGRDQiOLVLVGHODODULQJHORVSXOPRQHV
ODOHQJXDORVGLHQWHVORVODELRV\ODVFXHUGDVYRFDOHVOHOOHYDDFRQFOXVLRQHV
FRQYLQFHQWHV
,QGLVFXWLEOHPHQWHSDUDHOPpGLFRRFFLGHQWDOHVWHPLQXFLRVRH[DPLQDUDO
HQIHUPRSDUHFHH[WUDxRVREUHWRGRVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDORIiFLOTXHUHVXOWD


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

GLDJQRVWLFDU GHVSXpV GH FRQWHPSODU XQ DQiOLVLV TXtPLFR 3HUR HO PpGLFR
FKLQRWUDWDGHHYLWDUHTXtYRFRVHVWDEOHFLHQGRFRQFOXVLRQHVGHVSXpVGHUHDOL
]DUWRGRVORVDQiOLVLVSRVLEOHVQRFRQIRUPiQGRVHFRQFXDOHVTXLHUDGHHOORVR
FRQVDEHUFXiOHVODHQIHUPHGDGDWUDYpVGHOVtQWRPD7pQJDVHHQFXHQWDTXH
HOPpGLFRFKLQREXVFDHOHTXLOLEULRFRPSOHWR\QRODFXUDFLyQGHXQDGHWHU
PLQDGDHQIHUPHGDG'HWUiVGHXQDHQIHUPHGDGSXHGHKDEHURWUDXRWUDV\OD
REOLJDFLyQGHOPpGLFRFKLQRHVHTXLOLEUDUWRWDOPHQWHDOHQIHUPRSRUORTXH
VXGLDJQyVWLFRKDGHVHUWDQSURIXQGRFRPRVHJXURGHGXFLHQGRFRQVHFXHQFLDV
GHOFRORUGHOVRQLGRGHODSDOSDFLyQSXOVROyJLFDGHOH[DPHQVLRQyPLFRGH
ORVDQWHFHGHQWHVIDPLOLDUHV\GHOLQWHUURJDWRULR
(VWH LQWHUHVDQWtVLPR WUDEDMR TXH SUHVHQWDPRV YLHQH UHDOL]iQGRVH HQ OD
PLOHQDULD&KLQDGHVGHODpSRFDGHOWUDWDPLHQWRDFXSXQWXUDOSRUYtDHPStULFD
\FUHHPRVTXHVXFRQRFLPLHQWRHVWXGLR\DSOLFDFLyQQRGHEHGHVGHxDUVHSRU
HOPpGLFRRFFLGHQWDO
1RHVQHFHVDULRKDFHUFRPHQWDULRDOJXQRDFHUFDGHOHQRUPHYDORUTXH
UHSUHVHQWDHVWHHVWXGLRGLDJQyVWLFRSDUDORVQRSURIHVLRQDOHVGHODPHGL
FLQDRFFLGHQWDO

)(501&$%$/


I. SNTESIS GENERAL

1 


    8QPpGLFRGLYLQRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUREVHUYDUTXLHQ

    
 FRQWHPSODORVFLQFRFRORUHVFRQVXVRMRV
 8QPpGLFRFRQVDJUDGRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUHVFXFKDU
TXLHQSHUFLEHORVFLQFRVRQLGRVFRQVXVRtGRV
 8QPpGLFRVDELRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUSUHJXQWDUTXLHQ
DQDOL]DODVFLQFRHQIHUPHGDGHVFRQVXVGLiORJRV
 8QPpGLFRO~FLGRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUSDOSDUTXLHQ
DSUHFLDORVFLQFRSXOVRVFRQVXVGHGRV


II. OBSERVAR

2 

    


  /D PDGHUD VH WUDQVIRUPD HQ HO FRORU YHUGH (O
 

 IXHJRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURMR/DWLHUUDVH
  



  WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUDPDULOOR(OPHWDOVHWUDQV
IRUPDHQHOFRORUEODQFR(ODJXDVHWUDQVIRUPD
HQHOFRORUQHJUR
    
  (OKtJDGRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUYHUGH(OFR
 

 UD]yQVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURMR(OED]RVH

  



  WUDQVIRUPD HQ HO FRORU DPDULOOR (O SXOPyQ VH
WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUEODQFR(OULxyQVHWUDQV
IRUPDHQHOFRORUQHJUR

3 

 
 
    /DPDGHUDFUHDHOIXHJR(OIXHJRFUHDODWLHUUD
 

 /DWLHUUDFUHDHOPHWDO(OPHWDOFUHDHODJXD(O
 
DJXDFUHDODPDGHUD
 
  
   (OPHWDOGHVWUX\HODPDGHUD/DPDGHUDGHVWUX\H
 

 ODWLHUUD/DWLHUUDGHVWUX\HHODJXD(ODJXDGHV
 
WUX\HHOIXHJR(OIXHJRGHVWUX\HHOPHWDO


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 
 
     6LHOYHUGHVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOURMRHOURMRVHWUDQV
 


  IRUPDHQHODPDULOORHODPDULOORVHWUDQVIRUPDHQ
  
HOEODQFRHOEODQFRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOQHJURRHO
QHJURVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOYHUGHVRQFDPELRVFUHD
WLYRVTXHUHYHODQODSRVLELOLGDGFXUDWLYD
! 
  
   (OEODQFRGHVWUX\HQGRHOYHUGHVHWUDQVIRUPDHQ
 

 HO FRORU SiOLGR YHUGRVR (O URMR GHVWUX\HQGR HO

 " 
EODQFRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURVDGR(OYHUGH
GHVWUX\HQGRHODPDULOORVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORU
DPDULOORYHUGRVR(OQHJURGHVWUX\HQGRHOURMRVH
WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUSDUGR(ODPDULOORGHVWUX
\HQGRHOQHJURVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORURFUH

(VWRVVRQFDPELRVGHVWUXFWLYRVTXHUHYHODQOD
PD\RUGLFXOWDGGHFXUDUVH

4 

 
    (OFLHORQXWUHDOKRPEUHFRQODVFLQFRHQHU
 

  JtDVYLHQWRIUtRFDORUKXPHGDG\VHTXHGDG
#  


 
$ %& % (OODVHQWUDQSRUODQDUL]/DHQHUJtDGHOYLHQWR
  SHQHWUDHQHOKtJDGRHOIUtRHQHOULxyQHOFDORU
  %
 '% (  HQHOFRUD]yQODKXPHGDGHQHOED]R\ODVHTXH
) % ' %
GDGHQHOSXOPyQ
  
*+ %"% (VWDVHQHUJtDVUHVLGHQHQODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV\
 
 VHWUDQVIRUPDQHQODVVXVWDQFLDVHQHUJpWLFDVYLV
, %-%  FHUDOHV
(VWDV VXVWDQFLDV VH H[WHULRUL]DQ HQ OD FDUD
/DHVHQFLDGHOKtJDGRVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOYHUGH


OBSERVAR

/DHVHQFLDGHOULxyQVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOQHJUR/D
HVHQFLD GHO FRUD]yQ VH H[WHULRUL]D SRU HO URMR
/DHVHQFLDGHOED]RVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHODPDULOOR
/DHVHQFLDGHOSXOPyQVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOEODQFR
(VWRVVRQFRORUHVQDWXUDOHV\SHUPDQHQWHVGH
ODVYtVFHUDVHQHOGLDJQyVWLFR

5 

 
 " "  /RVFRORUHVGHODVFLQFRYtVFHUDVDSDUHFHQSHU
" "  PDQHQWHPHQWHHQODVSHUVRQDVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
DFDGDWLSRGHORVFLQFRHOHPHQWRV
(VWRV VRQ ORV FRORUHV SURSLRV TXH SURYLHQHQ
GHODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV
/RVFRORUHVGHODVFLQFRHVWDFLRQHVDSDUHFHQ
LQFRQVWDQWHPHQWHHQHOKRPEUHGHDFXHUGRDOD
HVWDFLyQ
(VWRVVRQORVFRORUHVLPSURSLRVTXHGRPLQDQ
DOKRPEUHSRUODHVWDFLyQ
 
    /DHQHUJtDGHODSULPDYHUDSHQHWUDHQHOKt
 

 JDGRFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUYHUGH

 
/DHQHUJtDGHOYHUDQRSHQHWUDHQHOFRUD]yQ
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUURMR
/D HQHUJtD GHO RWRxR SHQHWUD HQ HO SXOPyQ
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUEODQFR
/D HQHUJtD GHO LQYLHUQR SHQHWUD HQ HO ULxyQ
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUQHJUR
/DHQHUJtDGHODFDQtFXODSHQHWUDHQHOED]R
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUDPDULOOR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

(VWRVVRQFRORUHVQDWXUDOHVGHODVFLQFRHVWD
FLRQHV
(VSRVLWLYRVLODHQHUJtDQDWXUDOGRPLQDDOD
HQHUJtDKXPDQD3RUHOORVHGLFH&XDQGRHOFR
ORULPSURSLRGRPLQDDOFRORUSURSLRHVXQVtQ
WRPDIDYRUDEOH
(VQHJDWLYRVLODHQHUJtDKXPDQDGRPLQDDOD
HQHUJtDQDWXUDO3RUHOORVHGLFH&XDQGRHOFR
ORUSURSLRGRPLQDDOFRORULPSURSLRHVXQVtQ
WRPDGHVIDYRUDEOH
6HHQWLHQGHODGRPLQDQFLDSRUODDOWHUDFLyQ
GHVWUXFWLYDGHORVFLQFRFRORUHV(VGHFLUODDSD
ULFLyQGHOFRORUEODQFRHQOXJDUGHOFRORUYHUGH
HO QHJUR HQ OXJDU GHO URMR HO URMR HQ OXJDU GHO
EODQFRHODPDULOORHQOXJDUGHOQHJURHOYHUGH
HQOXJDUGHODPDULOOR

6 

  
"  6LHOSDFLHQWHWLHQHODFDUDYHUGHFRQHOSXOVR
 

 
  H[WHQVRODFDUDURMDFRQHOSXOVRDPSOLRODFDUD
  
 
  

 
" 
DPDULOODFRQHOSXOVRSOiFLGRODFDUDEODQFDFRQ
HOSXOVRVXSHUFLDORODFDUDQHJUDFRQHOSXOVR
SURIXQGRHVXQDFRQFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOFRORUID
FLDO\HOWLSRGHSXOVRODFXDOLQGLFDODQRUPDOL
GDGItVLFD
&XDQGRHOSDFLHQWHWLHQHODFDUDYHUGHVLQHO
SXOVRH[WHQVRHVXQDGLVFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOFRORU
IDFLDO\HOWLSRGHSXOVRTXHLPSOLFDXQVtQWRPD


OBSERVAR

SDWROyJLFR(QHVWHFDVRVLVHSUHVHQWDXQSXOVR
VXSHUFLDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUGHVWUXFWLYR
HVXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLVHSUHVHQWDXQSXOVR
SURIXQGR TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRORU FUHDWLYR HV
XQVtQWRPDIDYRUDEOH
(VWDOH\VHDSOLFDLJXDOPHQWHHQORVFDVRVGH
ORVUHVWDQWHVFRORUHV

7 

  
    /DHQIHUPHGDGLQLFLDOVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODDOWH
 
 / UDFLyQGHOSXOVRVLQSHUGHUHOEULOORGHOFRORU


/  #
 /   
 /DHQIHUPHGDGFUyQLFDVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODSpU


 
  GLGDGHOEULOORGHOFRORUVLQDOWHUDUHOSXOVR

 #"   6LODHQIHUPHGDGLQLFLDOQRVHSUHVHQWDFRQODDO
WHUDFLyQGHOSXOVRQLODSpUGLGDGHOEULOORGHOFR
ORUHVIiFLOGHFXUDU
 6L OD HQIHUPHGDG FUyQLFD SURGXFH OD DOWHUDFLyQ
GHOSXOVR\ODSpUGLGDGHOEULOORGHOFRORUHVXQ
PDODXJXULR

8 

  


   /RVFRORUHVYHUGHDPDULOORURMREODQFR\QHJUR
VHHYLGHQFLDQSRUHOH[WHULRUGHODSLHO
  

   /DVFLQFRHQHUJtDVVRQFRQWHQLGDVSRUHOLQWHULRU
GHODSLHO


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 0" 
  6LHOFRORUGHODSLHOWLHQHXQWRQRYLYRRVHDHO

"   
EULOORHVXQDDSDULHQFLDFRPSOHWDGHODHQHUJtD\
 #
 
HOFRORU
! 
   6LXQFRORUVHPDQLHVWDVLQEULOORHVXQDDSD
  ULHQFLDGHOFRORUVLQHQHUJtD
"  
1HL.LQJ GLFH (Q FXDOTXLHU HVWDFLyQ YtV
FHUD]RQDIDFLDOXyUJDQRVHQVLWLYRTXLHQWLHQH
HOFRORUVLQHQHUJtDPRULUi
3RU WDQWR HVWD DSDULHQFLD HV XQD VHxDO SHOL
JURVDSRUPiVTXHODSHUVRQDQRHVWpHQIHUPD
9     6LHOFRORUHVSiOLGR\WHQXHSRUIXHUDGHODSLHO

   SHURFRQWLHQHHOEULOORSRUGHQWURHVXQDDSDULHQ
FLDGHODHQHUJtDVLQFRORU
1HL.LQJ GLFH (Q FXDOTXLHU HVWDFLyQ YtV
FHUD]RQDIDFLDOXyUJDQRVHQVLWLYRTXLHQWLHQH
ODHQHUJtDVLQFRORUYLYLUi
3RUWDQWRHVWDDSDULHQFLDHVXQDVHxDOVHJXUD
SRUPiVTXHODSHUVRQDHVWpHQIHUPDJUDYHPHQWH

9 

/RVFRORUHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODVFLQFRYtV
      

 
  FHUDV TXH VH PDQLHVWDQ FRQ VXV GHELGDV HQHU
JtDVVLHQGRQRUPDOHVGHEHQWHQHUXQWRQRTXH
SDUHFHXQFRORUHQYXHOWRSRUHOOLHQ]RQR


OBSERVAR

10 

  
  (O1HL.LQJGLFH(OYHUGHGHEHVHUFODURFRPR
    MDGHHVXQYHUGHYLYR1RGHEHVHUGHQVRFRPRXQD
     



  KRMDDSDJDGDHVXQYHUGHPXHUWR
 (O1HL.LQJGLFH(OURMRGHEHVHUDOHJUHFRPR
UXEtHVXQURMRYLYR1RGHEHVHUGHQVRFRPROD
VDQJUHFRDJXODGDHVXQURMRPXHUWR
 (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH (O QHJUR GHEH VHU EULOODQWH
FRPRyOHRHVXQQHJURYLYR1RGHEHVHUSDUGR
FRPRODWLHUUDVHFDHVXQQHJURPXHUWR
 (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH (O EODQFR GHEH VHU FRPR
SOXPDGHXQFLVQHHVXQEODQFRYLYR1RGHEH
VHUFRPRODVDOVHFDRFRPRXQKXHVRVHFRHVXQ
EODQFRPXHUWR
 (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH (O DPDULOOR GHEH VHU FRPR
DPDULOORPDVFXOLQR HQYXHOWRHQXQOLHQ]RR
FRPRHODPDULOORTXHDEDUFDXQWRQROLJHUDPHQWH
URML]RHVXQDPDULOOR YLYR 1R GHEH VHU RSDFR
FRPRODWLHUUDDPDULOODHVXQDPDULOORPXHUWR

11 

  
   /D OHQJXD HV HO yUJDQR GHO FRUD]yQ /D OHQJXD
   # URMD UHSUHVHQWD OD FDUGLRSDWtD (O FRORU URMR RV
  
 
   



 # 

 1GHO7$PDULOORPDVFXOLQRXQDHVSHFLHGHVXO
    IXUR GH DUVpQLFR PX\ XVDGR SRU ORV DOTXLPLVWDV DQWLJXRV
SDUDKDFHUStOGRUDVGHLQPRUWDOLGDG


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

       FXUR UHSUHVHQWD HO VtQWRPD OOHQR (O FRORU URMR
  FODURUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDYDFtR
  
      /DQDUL]HVHOyUJDQRGHORVSXOPRQHV/DQDUL]

  EODQFDUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHORVSXOPR
QHV(OFRORUEODQFRGHQVRDFRPSDxDGRSRUDVPD
\SOHQLWXGWRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDOOHQR
(OFRORUEODQFRFODURDFRPSDxDGRSRUDVPDSHUR
VLQSOHQLWXGWRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDYDFtR
 /RV RMRV VRQ HO yUJDQR GHO KtJDGR (O iQJXOR
RFXODUYHUGHUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHOKt
JDGR(OYHUGHRVFXURUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRGHOD
HQHUJtDSHUYHUVD(OYHUGHFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOYD
FtRGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD
 /DERFDHVHOyUJDQRGHOED]R/RVODELRVDPDUL
OORV UHSUHVHQWDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV GHO ED]R (O
FRORUDPDULOORGHQVRUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRGHOD
HQHUJtDSHUYHUVD(OFRORUDPDULOORFODURUHSUH
VHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD
 (ORtGRHVHOyUJDQRGHORVULxRQHV/DRUHMDQH
JUDUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVUHQDOHV(OFRORU
QHJUR GHQVR UHSUHVHQWD HO H[FHVR GH OD HQHUJtD
SHUYHUVD(OFRORUQHJURFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtR
GHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD

12 
  
   /DPHMLOODL]TXLHUGDFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGR


  ODPHMLOODGHUHFKDFRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHVOD
   



 # 

 IUHQWHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQHOPHQWyQFRUUHV
'  
  SRQGHDORVULxRQHVODQDUL]FRUUHVSRQGHDOED]R


OBSERVAR

(QFDGD]RQDIDFLDOVLVHSUHVHQWDHOFRORUQRU
PDO GH VX YtVFHUD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH HV XQD DSD
ULHQFLDVDQD8QWRQRGHPDVLDGRFODURRGHQVR
UHSUHVHQWDHQIHUPHGDGHV3RUHMHPSORODQDUL]
TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOED]R
6LWLHQHHOFRORUDPDULOORDQRUPDOUHSUHVHQWD
OD HQIHUPHGDG GHO SURSLR PHULGLDQR TXH HV OD
HQIHUPHGDGSURSLD
6LWLHQHHOFRORUEODQFRUHSUHVHQWDHOGRPLQLR
GHODHQHUJtDGHVXKLMRDVXPDGUHTXHHVOD
HQIHUPHGDGYDFtD
6LWLHQHHOFRORUURMRUHSUHVHQWDHOGRPLQLRGH
ODHQHUJtDGHVXPDGUHDVXKLMRTXHHVOD
HQIHUPHGDGOOHQD
6LWLHQHHOFRORUYHUGHUHSUHVHQWDODWUDQVIRUPD
FLyQGHVWUXFWLYDTXHHVODHQIHUPHGDGJUDYH
6LWLHQHHOFRORUQHJURUHSUHVHQWDODWUDQVIRU
PDFLyQFUHDWLYDTXHHVODHQIHUPHGDGOLYLDQD
3DUDRWUDVYtVFHUDVWDPELpQVHDSOLFDHVWDOH\

13 
<
"   )UHQWHVXSHULRU

 "    )UHQWHLQIHULRU
 

 (QWUHFHMDV
 (QWUHRMRV
 3URPLQHQFLDQDVDO
 &RVWDGRVGHODSURPLQHQFLDQDVDO
 3XQWDGHODQDUL]
 0HMLOODV


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 3RUGHEDMRGHOSXQWRPDODU
 3RUGHQWURGHOSXQWRPDODU
 3XQWRPDODU
 6XUFRPHQWRODELDO
 3RUIXHUDGHOSXQWRPDODU
 3RUIXHUD\SRUGHEDMRGHOSXQWRPDODU
 QJXORRFXODULQWHUQR
 $UFRFLJRPiWLFR
 QJXORGHOPD[LODU

14 
 
 /DUHODFLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRVIDFLDOHV\ODV
 =" #  YtVFHUDV
  
 
"   )UHQWHVXSHULRUUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOD
FDEH]D\FDUD
 )UHQWH LQIHULRU UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG GH OD
JDUJDQWD
 (QWUHFHMDVUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHORVSXO
PRQHV
 (QWUHRMRVUHSUHVHQWDODFDUGLRSDWtD
 3URPLQHQFLDQDVDOUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGKH
SiWLFD
 $PERVFRVWDGRVGHODSURPLQHQFLDQDVDOUHSUH
VHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHODYHVtFXODELOLDU
 3XQWDGHODQDUL]UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHO
ED]R\GHOHVWyPDJR
 0HMLOODVUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGUHQDO\GHOD
]RQDOXPEDU\XPELOLFDO


Cabeza, cara
Pulmones
Trax, manos
Corazn Garganta




Vescula biliar

Brazos
Hombros

  Manos


Hgado
Bazo, estmago Riones, cintura y ombligo

Miembros inferiores
Espalda
Vejiga y tero


OBSERVAR

(OGLDJQyVWLFRPHGLDQWHORVSXQWRVIDFLDOHV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 3RUGHEDMRGHOSXQWRPDODUUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHOLQWHVWLQRJUXHVR
 3RUGHQWURGHOSXQWRPDODUUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHOLQWHVWLQRGHOJDGR
 6XUFRPHQWRODELDOUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGH
ODYHMLJD\GHO~WHUR

/DUHODFLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRVIDFLDOHV\HOUHVWR
GHOFXHUSR

 3XQWRPDODUUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOKRPEUR
 3RUIXHUDGHOSXQWRPDODUUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGGHOEUD]R
 3RUIXHUD\GHEDMRGHOSXQWRPDODUUHSUHVHQWDOD
HQIHUPHGDGGHODPDQR
 QJXORRFXODULQWHUQRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
WRUiFLFD\PDPDULD
 $UFRFLJRPiWLFRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGRUVDO
 QJXOR GHO PD[LODU UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG
GHOPLHPEURLQIHULRU

15 
  
   /DUHODFLyQHQWUHODVFLQFR]RQDVGLDJQyVWLFDV


'  
  \ORVFLQFRHOHPHQWRV

 (OPHQWyQUHSUHVHQWDORVULxRQHVSRUTXHHODJXD
VHVLW~DDEDMR
 /DIUHQWHUHSUHVHQWDHOFRUD]yQSRUTXHHOIXHJR
VHVLW~DDUULED


Zona frontal
Fuego
Corazn

Nariz
Tierra
Mejilla derecha Bazo
Metal
Pulmones
Mejilla izquierda
Madera
Hgado
Mentn
Agua
Riones


OBSERVAR

(OGLDJQyVWLFRPHGLDQWHODVFLQFR]RQDVIDFLDOHV
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 /DPHMLOODL]TXLHUGDUHSUHVHQWDHOKtJDGRSRUTXH
ODPDGHUDVHVLW~DDODL]TXLHUGD
 /DPHMLOODGHUHFKDUHSUHVHQWDORVSXOPRQHVSRU
TXHHOPHWDOVHVLW~DDODGHUHFKD
 /DQDUL]UHSUHVHQWDHOED]RSRUTXHODWLHUUDVH
VLW~DHQHOFHQWUR

16 

     #   4XLHQWLHQHODIUHQWHDPSOLDDOWD\DEXOWDGDJR]D


   GHEXHQDVDOXGJHQHUDOPHQWH
 4XLHQWLHQHODIUHQWHHVWUHFKDEDMDRFKDWDJHQH
UDOPHQWHSDGHFHHQIHUPHGDGHV

17 
>"   (ODPDULOOR\HOURMRVRQORVFRORUHV<DQJSRU
  WDQWRUHSUHVHQWDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHV<DQJGHYLHQWR
" " 
 


  \FDORU
(OYHUGHEODQFR\QHJURVRQORVFRORUHV<LQ
SRUWDQWRUHSUHVHQWDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHV<LQGH
IUtR\GRORU
(OQHJURGHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODSDUiOLVLVRODFRQ
WUDFWXUDGHOPHULGLDQR\GHORVWHQGRQHVUHVSHF
WLYDPHQWH
(O EODQFR GHQVR PX\ SiOLGR  UHSUHVHQWD OD
H[FHVLYDSpUGLGDGHODVDQJUHRODDQHPLD
(OQHJURFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRIUtRGHORV
ULxRQHV


OBSERVAR

(ODPDULOORSiOLGRUHSUHVHQWDGLYHUVDVHQIHU
PHGDGHVYDFtDV
6LORVPDODUHVWLHQHQHOFRORUURMRGHQVRUHSUH
VHQWDQHOFUHFLPLHQWRH[FHVLYRGHO<LQ\ODGHEL
OLGDGGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD

18 


 #   2EVHUYDQGRODSDUWHDJXGD\ODSDUWHREWXVDVH



   SXHGHVDEHUHQTXpYtVFHUDXyUJDQRQDFHODHQ



 
IHUPHGDG\KDFLDGyQGHVHGHVDUUROOD
 6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDIXHUD
LQGLFD OD HQIHUPHGDG LQWHUQD TXH VH GHVDUUROOD
KDFLDODVXSHUFLHGHOFXHUSRODTXHHVIiFLOGH
FXUDU
6L OD SDUWH DJXGD GHO FRORU VH GLULJH KDFLD
DGHQWURLQGLFDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQDTXHVHGH
VDUUROODKDFLDODSURIXQGLGDGGHOFXHUSRODTXH
HVPiVGLItFLOGHWUDWDU
 6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDUULEDHV
GHVIDYRUDEOHSRUTXHHODJXDGHVWUX\HHOIXHJR
HVXQDDOWHUDFLyQGHVWUXFWLYD
6LODSDUWHDJXGDGHOFRORUVHGLULJHKDFLDDEDMR
HVIDYRUDEOHSRUTXHHOIXHJRGHVWUX\HHODJXDHV
XQDDOWHUDFLyQQRGHVWUXFWLYD
 (OGHVDUUROORGHOFRORUHQXQKRPEUHKDGHVHU
GHVGHODL]TXLHUGDKDFLDODGHUHFKDVLQRVHUtDXQ
FDVRJUDYH
(QXQDPXMHURFXUUHWRGRORFRQWUDULR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

19 
  
   (OFRORUGHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGLQWHUQD
     (OFRORUGHQVR\DSDJDGRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
 ?
   
 
PHGDGFUyQLFD\JUDYH
 (OFRORUFODURUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQD
(OFRORUFODUR\EULOODQWHUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGLQLFLDO\OLYLDQD
 (OFRORUTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRHOFLHORGHVSHMDGR
LQGLFDODPHMRUtDGHODHQIHUPHGDG
(OFRORUTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRHOFLHORQXEODGR
LQGLFDODDJUDYDFLyQGHODHQIHUPHGDG

20 

  
?  (VXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLKD\FRQWUDGLFFLyQGHO
  
  DJXD\HOIXHJR

 
 
(VWRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODDSDULFLyQGHOFRORU
GHQVRFRQFHQWUDGRHOQHJURHQODIUHQWH\HOURMR
HQORVSyPXORV
 (VXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLDSDUHFHHOYHUGHRV
FXURHQORVODELRV\ODFDUDRVLDSDUHFHUHSHQWL
QDPHQWH HO QHJUR \ EODQFR FRPR VL IXHUD XQ
PDTXLOODMHDOWHUDGRSRUHOVXGRU

21 
   #
   (O FRORU EXHQR HV XQ FRORU DFRPSDxDGR SRU OD
   HQHUJtD HOEULOOR 


OBSERVAR

 (OFRORUPDORHVXQFRORUGHQVR\DSDJDGR
 /RSHRUGHWRGRHVXQDIRUPDFLyQGpELOGHVR
QRPtDODIUHQWHHVWUHFKD\HQFLPDWHQHUHOFRORU
PDOR

22 

  
    /DHQIHUPHGDGOOHQDGHOKtJDGRODLUDHVODHPR
  # FLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOKtJDGRSRUHOORORVSD

  & 
FLHQWHVVXHOHQVHULUULWDEOHV
(O YHUGH HV HO FRORU TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO Kt
JDGR SRU HOOR ORV SDFLHQWHV VXHOHQ WHQHU FDUDV
YHUGHV
(OODGRL]TXLHUGRFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRSRU
HOOR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH GRORU FRVWDO L]
TXLHUGR 1 GHO 7 OD PDGHUD VH XELFD HQ OD
L]TXLHUGD
(OKtJDGRQXWUHDORVWHQGRQHVSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVVXHOHQSDGHFHUGHFDODPEUHV
(OYLHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVVXIUHQGHPDUHRRFXODU\HVSDVPRV
/D KHUQLD FRUUHVSRQGH DO KtJDGR SRU WDQWR
ORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHKHUQLD
(OKtJDGR\ODYHVtFXODELOLDUVRQGRVPHULGLD
QRVDFRSODGRVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQ
GHVRUGHUD 

1GHO7(OPHULGLDQR9%SDVDSRUHORtGR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (OYDFtRGHKtJDGRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODGLVPLQX
FLyQYLVXDO\HOSiQLFR
 (QVtQWHVLV
7LSR OOHQR LUULWDGR FDUD YHUGH GRORU FRVWDO
L]TXLHUGR PDUHR RFXODU FDODPEUHV HVSDVPRV
KHUQLD\VRUGHUD
7LSRYDFtRGLVPLQXFLyQYLVXDOSiQLFR

23 

  
   /DDOHJUtDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO

  " @  FRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQHXIyULFRV
(OURMRFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVURMDV
(OFDORUFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQVHG\VRQLQTXLHWRV
(O FRUD]yQ VH H[WHULRUL]D SRU OD OHQJXD SRU
HOORORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQOHQJXDFRORUDGD
/D XELFDFLyQ TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRUD]yQ HV
SRUDUULEDSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHV
WLDVSRUHQFLPDGHORPEOLJR
(OWyUD[HVODPRUDGDGHOFRUD]yQ\ORVSXOPR
QHV SRU WDQWR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH GRORU
WRUiFLFR
/DLQWUDQTXLOLGDGGHOFRUD]yQSURGXFHODGLV
PLQXFLyQGHPHPRULDODSDOSLWDFLyQ\ODWDTXL
FDUGLD
(OFRUD]yQOOHQRSURGXFHODORFXUD
(OFRUD]yQYDFtRSURGXFHODWULVWH]D


OBSERVAR

24 

  
   (O DPDULOOR FRUUHVSRQGH DO ED]R SRU WDQWR ORV
    SDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVDPDULOODV
 ' 
/DPHODQFROtDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGH
DOED]RSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQPHODQFy
OLFRV
(OFHQWURHVODXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO
ED]RSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHVWLDV
HQHORPEOLJR
(OED]RFRPDQGDHOVDERUSRUWDQWRORVSD
FLHQWHVVRQLQDSHWHQWHV
(O ED]R FRPDQGD ORV FXDWUR PLHPEURV SRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQDVWpQLFRV
(OED]RFRPDQGDHODEGRPHQSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ GH KLQFKD]yQ DEGRPLQDO \
ERUERULJPRGRORUDEGRPLQDO\GLDUUHDTXHVRQ
FDXVDGRVSRUHOYDFtRGHOED]R
(OED]RFRPDQGDORVP~VFXORVSRUWDQWRHO
ED]ROOHQRSURGXFHODSHVDGH]FRUSRUDOODKLQ
FKD]yQDEGRPLQDO\HOHVWUHxLPLHQWR

25 

  
    (OFRORUEODQFRFRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHVSRU
    WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVSiOLGDV
" 
/DDQJXVWLDHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHD
ORVSXOPRQHVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQDQJXV
WLRVRV


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

/DGHUHFKDHVODXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHD
ORV SXOPRQHV SRU WDQWR ORV SDFLHQWHV SDGHFHQ
GHGRORUFRVWDOGHOODGRGHUHFKR
 /RV SXOPRQHV FRPDQGDQ OD SLHO SRU WDQWR ORV
SDFLHQWHV WLHQHQ SLHOHV GRORURVDV \ PX\ VHQVL
EOHVDOIUtR\DOFDORU
/D HQIHUPHGDG GH ORV SXOPRQHV SURGXFH OD
WRVODH[SHFWRUDFLyQHOHVWRUQXGRHOPRFRODGLV
QHDHWF
(O WyUD[ HV OD PRUDGD GH ORV SXOPRQHV SRU
WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHGRORUWRUiFLFR
 (OYDFtRGHORVSXOPRQHVSURGXFHHODVPDGDGD
VXHVFDVDHQHUJtDHQHOWyUD[

26 

  
    (O FRORU QHJUR FRUUHVSRQGH D ORV ULxRQHV SRU
   WDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQFDUDVQHJUDV
(OPLHGRHVODHPRFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORV
ULxRQHVSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVRQPLHGRVRV
/DXELFDFLyQTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVHV
SRUDEDMRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVVLHQWHQPROHV
WLDVSRUGHEDMRGHORPEOLJR
 (ODJXDFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVSRUWDQWRORV
SDFLHQWHVSDGHFHQGHHGHPDKLQFKD]yQDEGRPL
QDO\GHOSLHGLVQHD\GLFXOWDGHQDFRVWDUVH
 /RVULxRQHVVHFDQDOL]DQSRUHOyUJDQRJHQLWDO\
HODQRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQGLFXOWDGHV
SDUDRULQDU\H[FUHPHQWDU


OBSERVAR

 /RVULxRQHVFRPDQGDQORVKXHVRV\VRQDFRSOD
GRVFRQODYHMLJDSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVSDGH
FHQGHGRORUyVHR\GRUVDOHKLQFKD]yQKLSRJiV
WULFD
 (OERVWH]RFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVSRUWDQWR
ORVSDFLHQWHVERVWH]DQIUHFXHQWHPHQWH
 &XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGUHQDODVFLHQGHDOFRUD]yQ
HOSDFLHQWHVLHQWHYDFtRHQHOFRUD]yQTXHVHSD
UHFHDODVHQVDFLyQGHKDPEUH
 /D XELFDFLyQ TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D ORV ULxRQHV HV
SRUDEDMRSRUWDQWRORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQORVSLHV
IUtRV

27 

  
   /DHQIHUPHGDGKHSiWLFDTXHVHPDQLHVWDSRUHO
   FRORUYHUGHHVXQDFRQFRUGDQFLDGHOFRORUFRQOD

   
 

 
 
HQIHUPHGDG VL VH PDQLHVWD SRU RWUR FRORU HV
 
 
 XQDGLVFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOORV

   6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUQHJURHVXQDGRPLQDQ


F   
FLDGHODPDGUHDOKLMRIDYRUDEOH

 (" 
    6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUURMRHVXQDGRPLQDQ
&"H
J FLDGHOKLMRDODPDGUHGHVIDYRUDEOH
 6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUDPDULOORHVGHELGRD
TXHODHQIHUPHGDGGHVWUX\HHOFRORUQRVHDJUD
YDUiODHQIHUPHGDG
 6LVHSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRORUEODQFRHVGHELGRDTXH
HOFRORUGHVWUX\HODHQIHUPHGDGVHDJUDYDUiOD
HQIHUPHGDG


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

28 

  
"  /RV FLQFR FRORUHV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D ODV
  (  FLQFRYtVFHUDVVHPDQLHVWDQHQVXVGHELGDV]R
QDVIDFLDOHVPLHQWUDVTXHODFRQFLHQFLDHVJXDU
GDGDSRUGHQWURGHOFRUD]yQ\QRFRUUHVSRQGHD
QLQJ~QFRORU6LQHPEDUJRVHSXHGHSHUFLELUHO
HVWDGR GH OD FRQFLHQFLD SRU OD PLUDGD GHO SD
FLHQWHSDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODJUDYHGDGGHODHQIHU
PHGDG

 /D PLUDGD DSDJDGD UHSUHVHQWD OD HVFDVH] GH OD


FRQFLHQFLDHVSHOLJURVD
 /DPLUDGDFODUD\EULOODQWHUHSUHVHQWDODQRUPDOL
GDGGHODFRQFLHQFLD\EXHQDVDOXG
 /DPLUDGDLQFRPSOHWD IDOWDHOWRQRRHOEULOOR 
UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGSURORQJDGD
 /DPLUDGDYDFtD IDOWDHOWRQR\HOEULOOR HVXQD
VHxDOGHODPXHUWH

29 

  
  /D SXSLOD QHJUX]FD HO LULV D]XODGR HO JORER
   
  EODQFR\ORVGRViQJXORVURMRVVRQORVFRORUHVQRU
  ( 
PDOHVGHXQRMR6LVHPH]FODQHVWRVFRORUHV TXH
DSDUHFHQHQHOOXJDUQRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH VHUtDXQ
PDODXJXULR
 6LHOFRORUGHORViQJXORVRFXODUHVHVGHPDVLDGR
URMRKDEUiHUXSFLyQR~OFHUD


OBSERVAR

 6LHOFRORUGHORViQJXORVRFXODUHVHVDPDULOOR
KDEUiFRQYDOHFHQFLD
 /RVJORERVDPDULOORVUHSUHVHQWDQODLFWHULFLD

30 

  
  (OSDFLHQWHTXHDEXVDHQFHUUDUORVRMRVSDGHFH
"    GHODHQIHUPHGDG<LQ(QHOFDVRFRQWUDULRVHUtD
  ( 
XQDHQIHUPHGDG<DQJ
 (OLULVTXHVHGDYXHOWDKDFLDDUULEDHVXQVtQWRPD
GHODJRWDPLHQWRGH<DQJ
 /D FHJXHUD HV XQ VtQWRPD GHO DJRWDPLHQWR GH
<LQ
 /RVRMRVTXHVHKXQGHQGHUHSHQWHHVXQVtQWRPD
GHODJRWDPLHQWRGHODHQHUJtDYLWDO
 /DPLUDGDFODYDGDHVXQVtQWRPDGHODFDEDPLHQWR
GHODFRQVFLHQFLD


III. ESCUCHAR

31 

 
  3ULPHURH[LVWHODYR]\OXHJRHOVRQLGR3RUHVR
   #  ODYR]HVODUDt]GHOVRQLGR\HVWHHVIRUPDGRSRU

 
ODWRQDOLGDGGHODYR]$VLPLVPRODVGLYHUVDVYL
EUDFLRQHVRWRQDOLGDGHVVHWUDQVIRUPDQHQFLQFR
VRQLGRVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV
 /RVFLQFRVRQLGRVVRQ'2FRUUHVSRQGHDOKt
JDGR /$ FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRUD]yQ 0, FR
UUHVSRQGHDOED]R5(FRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXO
PRQHV\62/FRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHV

32 

  "        /RVSXOPRQHVVLPEROL]DQWRGRVORVREMHWRVKXH


#
  FRV\FDSDFHVGHSURGXFLUHOVRQLGR3RUWDQWR
ORVSXOPRQHVFRPDQGDQHOVRQLGR
 /D ODULQJH HV OD YtD GHO VRQLGR SRU GRQGH VDOH
HVWH
 (OVRQLGRHVSURGXFLGRSRUODYLEUDFLyQGHODVFXHU
GDVYRFDOHV3RUWDQWRVRQODSXHUWDGHOVRQLGR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 $OPRYLPLHQWRGHODOHQJXDVHGHEHQODVGLVWLQ
WDVWRQDOLGDGHVVRQRUDVSRUWDQWRODOHQJXDHVOD
OODYHGHOVRQLGR
 /DVFRPELQDFLRQHVHQWUHORVGLHQWHV\ORVODELRV
SDUWLFLSDQHQODHODERUDFLyQGHOVRQLGRSRUWDQWR
HVWRVVRQVXSOHPHQWRVGHOVRQLGR
 /RVFLQFRVRQLGRVVRQSURGXFLGRVSRUHVWRVFLQFR
DSDUDWRV ODULQJHFXHUGDVYRFDOHVOHQJXDGLHQ
WHV\ODELRV 

33 

     +D\ODULQJHDQFKD\HVWUHFKDODDQFKDSURGXFH


    XQPD\RUYROXPHQ\ODHVWUHFKDSURGXFHXQPH
"  


  QRUYROXPHQGHOVRQLGR
M
  +D\OHQJXDDJXGD\REWXVDODDJXGDSURGXFHXQ
VRQLGRSXUR\ODREWXVDSURGXFHXQVRQLGRWDUGR
 +D\ FXHUGDV YRFDOHV QDV \ JUXHVDV ODV QDV
SURGXFHQXQVRQLGRFODUR\ODVJUXHVDVSURGXFHQ
XQVRQLGRWXUELR
 +D\ODELRVJUXHVRV\QRVORVQRVSURGXFHQXQ
VRQLGRUiSLGR\ORVJUXHVRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGR
OHQWR
 +D\GLHQWHV\X[WDSXHVWRV\HVSDFLDGRVORV\X[
WDSXHVWRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGRFRQFHQWUDGR\ORV
HVSDFLDGRVSURGXFHQXQVRQLGRGLVHPLQDGR

(VWRVVRQORVVRQLGRVQRUPDOHVGHDFXHUGRD
FDGDWLSRGHSHUVRQD


ESCUCHAR

34 

     1HL.LQJ GLFH (O FLHOR QXWUH DO KRPEUH FRQ
    
FLQFRHQHUJtDVTXHHQWUDQSRUODQDUL]\SHQHWUDQ



 
HQODVYtVFHUDVOXHJRKDFHQHYLGHQFLDUORVFLQFR
FRORUHVHQODFDUD\KDFHQH[SUHVDUORVFLQFRVR
QLGRV3RUHOORFDGDYtVFHUDWLHQHVXVRQLGRFR
UUHVSRQGLHQWH
 0,HVXQVRQLGREDMRDPSOLRIXHUWH\YROXPL
QRVRTXHVHHPLWHGHVGHODODULQJHFRQODOHQJXD
FRORFDGDHQHOFHQWURGHODFDYLGDGEXFDOSHUWH
QHFHDODWLHUUD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOED]R
 5(HVXQVRQLGRVHFRVREULR\WLPSiQLFRTXHVH
HPLWHGHVGHODFDYLGDGEXFDOSHUWHQHFHDOPHWDO
\VHFRPXQLFDFRQORVSXOPRQHV
 62/HVXQVRQLGRDJXGRUHGXFLGR\WLHUQRTXH
VHHPLWHGHVGHORVODELRVHQWUHDELHUWRVSHUWHQHFH
DODJXD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQORVULxRQHV
 /$ HV XQ VRQLGR HOHYDGR \ DUPyQLFR TXH VH
HPLWH FRQ OD OHQJXD WRFDQGR ORV GLHQWHV SHUWH
QHFHDOIXHJR\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOFRUD]yQ
 '2 HV XQ VRQLGR X\HQWH \ PRGHUDGR TXH VH
HPLWHFRQODOHQJXDFXUYDGDSHUWHQHFHDODPD
GHUD\VHFRPXQLFDFRQHOKtJDGR
 6RQHVWRVORVVRQLGRVQRUPDOHVGHODVFLQFRYtV
FHUDV


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

35 

 Q
     3RUODDOHJUtDHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUJR]RVR\GLV
 
   SHUVDGR
    
 3RUODLUDHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUIXULRVRSUHVWR\
YLROHQWR
 3RUODWULVWH]DHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUSDWpWLFRSH
QRVR\GHVRODGRU
 3RUODSD]HOVRQLGRKDGHVHUSOiFLGRVHUHQR\
DUPRQLRVR
 3RUODYHQHUDFLyQHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUVROHPQH
PDMHVWXRVR\VHQVDWR
 3RUHODPRUHOVRQLGRKDGHVHUWLHUQRFDULxRVR
\PHORGLRVR
 (VWRV VRQ ORV VRQLGRV QRUPDOHV GH DFXHUGR D
FDGDPRPHQWRHPRFLRQDO

36 

  
   /DDOWHUDFLyQGHODH[SUHVLyQVRQRUDHVDTXHOVR
   QLGRTXHQRFRQFXHUGDFRQODFRQVWLWXFLyQItVLFD

 "  

   \HOHVWDGRHPRFLRQDO
W"     (OVRQLGRHOHYDGR\HVIRU]DGRFRPRHOJULWRFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGKHSiWLFD
 (OVRQLGRYROXPLQRVR\WyQLFRFRPRODULVDFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGFDUGLDFD
 (OVRQLGROLJHUR\H[WHQGLGRFRPRHOFDQWRFR
UUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOED]R


ESCUCHAR

 (OVRQLGRFRQYXOVLYR\HQWUHFRUWDGRFRPRHOVR
OOR]RFRUUHVSRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGSXOPRQDU
 (OVRQLGREDMR\WHQXHFRPRHOJHPLGRFRUUHV
SRQGHDODHQIHUPHGDGUHQDO

37 
  
"   *HQHUDOPHQWHXQSDFLHQWHKDEODGRUSDGHFHGHOD
  &   HQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVD
 *HQHUDOPHQWHXQSDFLHQWHFDOODGRSDGHFHGHOD
HQIHUPHGDGIUtD
 /DSURQXQFLDFLyQDFHQWXDGDUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHWLSROOHQR
 /DSURQXQFLDFLyQiWRQDUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
GHWLSRYDFtR
 /D SURQXQFLDFLyQ PX\ GpELO \ VXVSHQVD HV XQ
VtQWRPDGHODJRWDPLHQWRHQHUJpWLFR
 /DV SDODEUDV LUUDFLRQDOHV VRQ XQ VtQWRPD GH OD
SpUGLGDGHFRQVFLHQFLD

38 
  
    /D DIRQtD FRQ UXJLGR iVSHUR UHSUHVHQWD OD DFX
   PXODFLyQGHOFDORULQWHUQRHQORVSXOPRQHVPR
WLYDGDSRUODUHSUHVLyQGHOIUtRH[WHUQR
 /DPXGH]GHULYDGDGHODFRQYXOVLyQHVGLItFLOGH
WUDWDU
 /DDIRQtDSURGXFLGDSRUHOFDQWRUSXHGHFXUDUVH
DXQVLQQLQJ~QWUDWDPLHQWR


IV. PREGUNTAR



5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
  *   $
     W"  )  *   X 

madera DO hgado verde grito lgrima cido penetrante

fuego LA corazn rojo risa sudor amargo quemado

 MI bazo amarillo canto saliva dulce fragancia

metal RE pulmn blanco sollozo moco picante crneo

agua SOL rin negro gemido esputo salado rancio

39


 
   

 
LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

40 

   
    (OKtJDGRGRPLQDDORVFLQFRFRORUHV



     (OED]RGRPLQDDORVFLQFRVDERUHV
 
(OFRUD]yQGRPLQDDORVFLQFRRORUHV
/RVULxRQHVGRPLQDQDORVFLQFRKXPRUHV
/RVSXOPRQHVGRPLQDQDORVFLQFRVRQLGRV

41 

0"

    (OFRUD]yQGRPLQDDORVFLQFRRORUHV(OSDFLHQWH
 
  TXHSRVHHODVHQVLELOLGDGDQRUPDODQWHORVFLQFR
 

RORUHVSDGHFHGHFDUGLRSDWtD
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQHOFRUD]yQ
PLVPRHOSDFLHQWHDEXVDGHRORUTXHPDGRHQHO
ED]RDEXVDGHIUDJDQFLDHQORVULxRQHVDEXVDGH
RORUUDQFLRHQORVSXOPRQHVDEXVDGHRORUFiU
QHRHQHOKtJDGRDEXVDGHRORUSHQHWUDQWH
 (OED]RFRPDQGDDORVFLQFRVDERUHV(OSDFLHQWH
TXHSRVHHODVHQVLELOLGDGDQRUPDODQWHORVFLQFR
VDERUHVSDGHFHGHODHQIHUPHGDGGHOED]R
&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQHOED]RPLVPR
HO SDFLHQWH DEXVD GH VDERU GXOFH HQ HO KtJDGR
DEXVDGHVDERUiFLGRHQHOFRUD]yQDEXVDGHVD
ERUDPDUJRHQORVSXOPRQHVDEXVDGHVDERUSL
FDQWHHQORVULxRQHVDEXVDGHVDERUVDODGR
 /RVULxRQHVFRPDQGDQDORVFLQFRKXPRUHV(O
GHVHTXLOLEULRGHKXPRUHVXQVtQWRPDGHHQIHU
PHGDGUHQDO


PREGUNTAR

&XDQGRODHQIHUPHGDGSHQHWUDHQORVULxRQHV
PLVPRVDEXQGDHOHVSXWRHQHOFRUD]yQDEXQGD
HOVXGRUHQHOKtJDGRDEXQGDODOiJULPDHQHO
ED]RDEXQGDODVDOLYD\HQORVSXOPRQHVDEXQGD
HOPRFR

42 

  
  /DHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUHOGtD
?    \ VH DSDFLJXD SRU OD QRFKH HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG
 
 
 #
  HQHUJpWLFDVLQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVVDQJXtQHDV\FDX
VDGDSRUHOH[FHVRGH<DQJ
 /DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUODQRFKH\
VHDSDFLJXDSRUHOGtDHVXQDHQIHUPHGDGVDQJXt
QHDVLQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVHQHUJpWLFDV\HVFDXVDGD
SRUHOH[FHVRGH<LQ
 /DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DSRUHOGtD\VH
DSDFLJXDSRUODQRFKHHVGHELGDDODDJUHVLyQGH
<LQD<DQJ
 /D HQIHUPHGDG FDOXURVD TXH VH DFHQW~D SRU OD
QRFKH\VHDSDFLJXDSRUHOGtDHVGHELGDDODDJUH
VLyQGH<DQJD<LQ
 /DHQIHUPHGDGIUtDTXHVHDFHQW~DWDQWRSRUOD
QRFKH FRPR SRU HO GtD HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG<LQ
JUDYH\HODJRWDPLHQWRGH<DQJ
 /DHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVDTXHVHDFHQW~DWDQWRSRU
OD QRFKH FRPR SRU HO GtD HV XQD HQIHUPHGDG
<DQJJUDYH\HODJRWDPLHQWRGH<LQ


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 /DHQIHUPHGDGTXHVHPDQLHVWDHQIRUPDFDOX
URVDSRUODQRFKH\IRUPDIUtDSRUHOGtDHVXQD
SHUWXUEDFLyQGH<LQ\<DQJ(VXQVtQWRPDSHOL
JURVtVLPRVLHVWiDFRPSDxDGRSRUODDQRUH[LD

43 
  
"   $EXVDGHFRPLGDIUtDFDORULQWHUQR
"   $EXVDGHFRPLGDFDOLHQWHIUtRLQWHUQR
 $EXVDGHEHELGDIUtDFDORUOOHQR
 $EXVDGHEHELGDFDOLHQWHIUtROOHQR
 %HELGDIUtD\HVFDVDFDORUYDFtR
 %HELGDFDOLHQWH\HVFDVDIUtRYDFtR

44 
  
"    (OHVWUHxLPLHQWRHVXQVtQWRPDOOHQRTXHSXHGH
W

 VHU FDXVDGR SRU HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR GH<LQ VL QR
HVWiDFRPSDxDGRGHRWURVVtQWRPDVFDOXURVRV
 /D GLDUUHD HV XQ VtQWRPD YDFtR TXH SXHGH VHU
FDXVDGDSRUODDFXPXODFLyQGH<DQJVLQRHVWi
DFRPSDxDGDGHRWURVVtQWRPDVIUtRV

45 

  
"    /DRULQDFRORUDGDFDORULQWHUQR
  6LODRULQDVXHOHWHQHUXQWRQROLJHUDPHQWHFR
ORUDGRRDPDULOORHVGHELGRDOYDFtRGH<LQ


PREGUNTAR

 /DRULQDEODQFDIUtRLQWHUQR
6L OD RULQD VXHOH VHU EODQFD FRPR OHFKH HV
GHELGRDODDFXPXODFLyQGHODKXPHGDGFDOX
URVD


V. EL DIAGNSTICO
COMBINADO

46 

  (QIHUPHGDGYHUGDGHUD
  #  
 (OSDFLHQWHTXHHVSHUDFRQDQKHORODOOHJDGDGHO
PpGLFR
 ([SUHVDXQJHVWRDQJXVWLRVRDQWHVGHKDEODU
 *HQHUDOPHQWHHOSDFLHQWHVHFXEUHFRQODPDQR
OD]RQDGRORURVD
 (QIHUPHGDGYHQWRVDPLHQWUDVVHSDOSDHOSXOVR
HOSDFLHQWHQRSXHGHKDEODUFRQFRQWLQXLGDG VH
LQWHUUXPSHFDGDUDWR (OTXHKDEODUiSLGDPHQWH
SDGHFH GHO VtQWRPD OOHQR 6L KDEOD PX\ OHQWD
PHQWHHVXQVtQWRPDYDFtR

(QIHUPHGDGIDOVD

 (OSDFLHQWHTXHHVSHUDDOPpGLFRFRQLQGLIHUHQ
FLDVLELHQHVWiHQIHUPRYHUGDGHUDPHQWHGHEH
UtDVHUXQDSHUVRQDVREHUELD
 ([SUHVLyQWUDQTXLODSXOVRVQRUPDOHV


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 0LHQWUDVVHOHSDOSDHOSXOVRHOSDFLHQWHWUDJDOD
VDOLYDRERVWH]D

47 

 #   &XDQGRXQSDFLHQWHWLHQHODFDUDSiOLGDTXHQRHV


Z'  GHELGDDODSpUGLGDGHVDQJUH\WLHQHORVSXOVRV
FRPRKLORVGHVRUGHQDGRVHVXQDPDQLIHVWDFLyQ
GHOWHPRU
 6LHOSDFLHQWHWLHQHORVSXOVRVRWDQWHVODH[SUH
VLyQLQTXLHWD\HOFRORUFDPELDQWHHQODFDUD \D
HQURMR\DHQEODQFR HVXQDPDQLIHVWDFLyQGH
YHUJHQ]D

48 

  
"   6LVHPDQLHVWD XQR GH ORV FLQFR FRORUHV HQ OD
  
    ]RQD GH HQWUH FHMDV KD\ HQIHUPHGDG FXWiQHD

   
"  SRUTXHORVSXOPRQHVFRPDQGDQODSLHO 
 6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORViQJXORVRFXODUHV
KD\HQIHUPHGDGWHQGLQRVD SRUTXHHOKtJDGRFR
PDQGDORVWHQGRQHV 
 6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORVODELRVKD\HQIHU
PHGDG PXVFXODU SRUTXH HO ED]R FRPDQGD ORV
P~VFXORV 
 6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQORVYDVRVKD\HQIHU
PHGDGVDQJXtQHD


EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO

 6LVHPDQLHVWDXQFRORUHQODVRUHMDVKD\HQIHU
PHGDG yVHD SRUTXH ORV ULxRQHV FRPDQGDQ ORV
KXHVRV 

49 

  
"   (O FDEHOOR FUHFH KDFLD DUULED FRUUHVSRQGH DO
"  IXHJR\DOFRUD]yQ
 /DEDUEDFUHFHKDFLDDEDMRFRUUHVSRQGHDODJXD
\DORVULxRQHV
 (OSHORGHWRGRHOFXHUSRFRUUHVSRQGHDOPHWDO\
DORVSXOPRQHV
 /DVFHMDVFUHFHQKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHFRUUHVSRQGHQ
DODPDGHUD\DOKtJDGR
 (OSHORGHODD[LOD]RQDJHQLWDO\GHOD]RQDDE
GRPLQDOSHUWHQHFHQDODWLHUUD\HOED]R
 (OSHORGHEHVHUEULOODQWH\H[LEOH(OSHORGXUR
\VHFRUHSUHVHQWDXQDHQIHUPHGDGJUDYH

50 

 

 
   1HL.LQJGLFH6LHOSXOVRHVWHQVRODSLHO
" 
 "  GHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDWDPELpQVHUiWHQVDVLHO
 '  
SXOVRHVRMRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiRMDVLHOSXOVR
HVSHTXHxRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiGHSULPLGDVLHO
SXOVRHVDPSOLRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiVDOLHQWHVL
HOSXOVRHVOLVRDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiOLVD\VLHO
SXOVRHViVSHURDTXHOODWDPELpQVHUiiVSHUD3RU


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

HVRGLJRTXHODSLHOGHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDFRLQ
FLGHFRQHOSXOVR

51 

  
"   6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV IUtD KD\
 " GLDUUHDSRUODHQIHUPHGDGYDFtD
 6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV FDOLHQWH
KD\HQIHUPHGDGHSLGpPLFDRJULSH
 6L OD SLHO GH OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV OLVD KD\
HQIHUPHGDGYHQWRVD
 6LODSLHOGHOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHViVSHUDKD\
UHXPDWLVPR
 6L OD ]RQD SRVWHVWLORLGHD HV FDUQRVD KD\ DEXQ
GDQFLDGHODHQHUJtD\ODVDQJUH
 6LOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHVGHOJDGDKD\FDUHQFLD
GHHQHUJtD\VDQJUH

52 

Q(     (OEUD]RUHSUHVHQWDOD]RQDOXPEDU\DEGRPLQDO


 "   /DPDQRUHSUHVHQWDODFDGHUD\HOSLH

"  
 "   (OODGRH[WHUQRGHODQWHEUD]RUHSUHVHQWDOD]RQD
GRUVDO\HOKRPEUR
 (OODGRLQWHUQRGHODQWHEUD]RUHSUHVHQWDODFDYL
GDGWRUiFLFD
 /DSDOPDUHSUHVHQWDODFDYLGDGDEGRPLQDO


EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO

 /DHPLQHQFLDWHQDULDVLHVYHUGHRDSDUHFHQORV
YDVRV HQ FRORU YHUGH KD\ H[FHVR GH IUtR HQ HO
HVWyPDJR
3RUFXDOTXLHUYDULDFLyQWpUPLFDHQGLFKDV]R
QDVVHSXHGHGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVD
RIUtDGHVXFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH]RQD

53 

Q(    /DHQIHUPHGDGFDOXURVDRIUtDGHOVLVWHPDGL


  '   JHVWLYRVHUHHMDDWUDYpVGHOFDPELRGHWHPSHUD


WXUDHQOD]RQDXPELOLFDO

 3RUHQFLPDGHORPEOLJRUHSUHVHQWDHOHVWyPDJR
 3RUGHEDMRGHORPEOLJRUHSUHVHQWDHOLQWHVWLQR

54 

      (QIHUPHGDGJiVWULFDDEXVDGHODEHELGDIUtD


    (QIHUPHGDGLQWHVWLQDODEXVDGHODEHELGDFDOLHQWH
 

55 

     &DORUHQHOHVWyPDJRERFDDJULHWDGDVHQVDFLyQ


"

   YDFtDHQOD]RQDFDUGLDFDKDPEUH

  
   )UtRHQHOHVWyPDJRFDUDSiOLGD\IUtDGRORUH
KLQFKD]yQDEGRPLQDO


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 &DORUHQHOLQWHVWLQRPDWHULDIHFDOFDOLHQWH\GH
FRORURFUH
 )UtR HQ HO LQWHVWLQR RULQD EODQFD ERUERULJPR
GLDUUHDLQPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHODFRPLGD

9[%[\ 

 


 /DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPDGHUDFXWLVYHUGRVR
 

 FXHUSRUHFWRODFDEH]D\ORVPLHPEURVGHOJDGRV
"  "  

"    \ DODUJDGRV HV KDELOLGRVD LQWHOHFWXDO \ DWHQWD


 

  6XVIRUPDFLRQHVGHVIDYRUDEOHVVRQEODQGDFXUYD
GpELO\FRUWDHWF



/D SHUVRQD GHO WLSR IXHJR FXWLV URML]R OD


FDUDODFDEH]D\ORVPLHPEURVSHTXHxRVHVVHQ
VLWLYDGHVFRQDGD\DFWLYD



/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRWLHUUDFXWLVDPDULOOHQWR
OD FDEH]D \ ORV PLHPEURV UHGRQGHDGRV OD FLQ
WXUDODFDGHUD\HOKRPEURUREXVWRVHVFUpGXOD
WUDQTXLOD\VHJXUD


EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO



/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPHWDOFXWLVEODQFRUDV
JRVDQJXORVRVHVVHFDYROXQWDULRVD\VHYHUD



/DSHUVRQDGHOWLSRDJXDFXWLVPRUHQROD
FDEH]D\ORVPLHPEURVFDUQRVRV\WLHUQRVWLHQH
PRYLPLHQWRV XFWXRVRV HV LUyQLFD \ DWUHYLGD
FRQDSDULHQFLDUHVSHWXRVD

61 

  
"   8QDSHUVRQDGHOWLSRPDGHUDKDGHWHQHUHO

 
  FXWLVYHUGRVRTXHFRQFXHUGDFRQVXFRQVWLWXFLyQ
 

M

#
 F   
ItVLFD\UHHMDVXHVWDGRQRUPDOGHODVDOXG/D

 ("  DSDULHQFLD GHO FRORU EODQFR R DPDULOOR HQ HVWH


 "   "  WLSRGHSHUVRQDUHHMDXQDDOWHUDFLyQGHVWUXFWLYD
]  ^J
HVGHFLUXQVtQWRPDSDWROyJLFR
6L DSDUHFH HO FRORU DPDULOOR HV XQD HQ
IHUPHGDG OLJHUD SXHV OD IRUPDFLyQ GHVWUX\H HO
FRORU
6LDSDUHFHHOFRORUEODQFRHVJUDYH\DTXHHO
FRORUGHVWUX\HODIRUPDFLyQItVLFD


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

62 

  
"  /D SHUVRQD TXH FRPH SRFR \ HQJRUGD KD\
?
  REVWUXFFLyQGHOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRU6LVXVP~VFXORV
FDUHFHQGHFRQVLVWHQFLD\SUHVHQWDQFRPRDOJR
GyQDQWHODSUHVLyQUHSUHVHQWDHODJRWDPLHQWRGH
ODHQHUJtDYLWDO
/DSHUVRQDTXHFRPHSRFR\DGHOJD]DHVSRU
ODGHELOLGDGHQJHQHUDO
/DSHUVRQDTXHFRPHPXFKR\DGHOJD]DKD\
H[FHVRGHODHQHUJtD<DQJ

63 

  
"    /DKLQFKD]yQHQORVDOUHGHGRUHVGHORMRUHSUH
&
& ' VHQWDHGHPD
 /DKLQFKD]yQTXHFRPLHQ]DSRUODFDUDUHSUH
VHQWDHGHPDGHOWLSR<DQJ
 /DKLQFKD]yQTXHFRPLHQ]DSRUORVSLHVUHSUH
VHQWDHGHPDGHOWLSR<LQ
 6LODKLQFKD]yQIDFLDOOOHJDKDVWDHOFXHOORGHORV
SLHVOOHJDKDVWDHOPDOpRORRGHODVPDQRVOOHJD
KDVWD OD PXxHFD QR GHEHUtD VHU XQ VtQWRPD GH
HGHPDVLQRSRUHOYDFtR\HOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGHOD
HQHUJtD<DQJ


EL DIAGNSTICO COMBINADO

64 

  
"    /DFDEH]DDJDFKDGD\ODPLUDGDYDFtDLQPLQHQWH
 "   DJRWDPLHQWR GHO HVStULWX SXHV OD FDEH]D HV OD
PRUDGDGHODFRQFLHQFLD
 /DHVSDOGDDJDFKDGDLQPLQHQWHHQIHUPHGDGJUDYH
GHOWyUD[SXHVODHVSDOGDHVODPRUDGDGHOWyUD[
 /DFLQWXUDSDUDOL]DGDLQPLQHQWHDJRWDPLHQWRGH
ORVULxRQHVSXHVODFLQWXUDHVODPRUDGDGHORV
ULxRQHV
 /DURGLOODUtJLGD\HOFXHUSRLQFOLQDGRHQHOFD
PLQDU LQPLQHQWH DJRWDPLHQWR GH ORV WHQGRQHV
SXHVODURGLOODHVODPRUDGDGHORVWHQGRQHV
 6L QR SXHGH HVWDU GH SLH SRU PXFKR WLHPSR \
WLHPEODDOFDPLQDULQPLQHQWHDJRWDPLHQWRGHORV
KXHVRVSXHVHVWRVVRQODPRUDGDGHODPpGXOD

[9%[_ 

 


 (O WLSR <LQ PD\RU FRGLFLRVR IUtR PH]
Q(  ` TXLQR LJQRUDQWH FXHUSR DUTXHDGR H[SUHVLyQ
#`  
"  
WULVWH\FRORUDSDJDGR



(OWLSR<LQPHQRUHJRtVWDGHUURFKDGRUSt
FDUR LQVRFLDEOH H[SUHVLyQ H[DJHUDGD \ PRYL
PLHQWRVIXUWLYRV


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS



(O WLSR <DQJ PD\RU SUHVXQWXRVR DPEL


FLRVR QHFLR IDQIDUUyQ FXHUSR HQGHUH]DGR H[
SUHVLyQRSXOHQWD



(OWLSR<DQJPHQRUHQFDVWLOODGRYDQLGRVR
IUtYRORLQTXLHWRH[SUHVLyQ\SRVWXUDRVWHQWRVDV



(OWLSRHTXLOLEUDGRPHVXUDGRVHULRUHVSH
WXRVR HVSRQWiQHR UPH H[SUHVLyQ \ SRVWXUD
WUDQTXLOD\SDFtFD


VI. PALPAR

70 

 "  1HL.LQJGLFH/RVSXOVRVVRQODPRUDGDGH
ODVDQJUHSRUGRQGHFLUFXODODVDQJUHGHWRGRHO
FXHUSR 3RU HVR GLJR TXH WRGRV ORV yUJDQRV VH
FRPXQLFDQDWUDYpVGHORVSXOVRV

71 

a +b"    +D\ SXOVRV HQ ORV GRFH PHULGLDQRV SHUR VH


SDOSDHOSXOVRUDGLDOGHOPHULGLDQRGHORVSXOPR
QHVSXHVWRGRVORVSXOVRVVHUH~QHQHQpO

72 

 b    6HGHEHSDOSDUHOSXOVRHQODPDQRH[WHQGLGD\OD


" " "  SDOPDKDFLDDUULEDVHMDSULPHUROD]RQDPHGLD
\ OXHJR ODV GRV ]RQDV SUy[LPDV ODV GLVWDQFLDV
]RQDOHVYDUtDQHQSURSRUFLyQGHOFXHUSRGHOSD
FLHQWH 


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

  '    (QHOERUGHLQWHULRUGHOHVWLORLGHVVHHQFXHQWUDOD


  
]RQDHVWLORLGHD ]RQDPHGLD 3DUWLHQGRGHGL
FKD]RQDVHKDOODQOD]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHD\OD
]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHD
 /D]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHDUHSUHVHQWDHO<DQJ\OD
]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDUHSUHVHQWDHO<LQ

73 

 
"  
  0DQRGHUHFKD
 
 

 "   =RQD SUHHVWLORLGHD HO SXOVR VXSHUFLDO FRUUHV
SRQGDDOLQWHVWLQRJUXHVRHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFR
UUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHV
 =RQDHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHVSRQGH
DOHVWyPDJRHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFRUUHVSRQGHDO
ED]R
 =RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHV
SRQGHDOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRUHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFR
UUHVSRQGHDOSHULFDUGLR

0DQRL]TXLHUGD

 =RQD SUHHVWLORLGHD HO SXOVR VXSHUFLDO FRUUHV


SRQGH DO LQWHVWLQR GHOJDGR HO SXOVR SURIXQGR
FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQ
 =RQDHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHVSRQGH
D OD YHVtFXOD ELOLDU HO SXOVR SURIXQGR FRUUHV
SRQGHDOKtJDGR


PALPAR

 =RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDHOSXOVRVXSHUFLDOFRUUHV
SRQGHDODYHMLJDHOSXOVRSURIXQGRFRUUHVSRQGH
DORVULxRQHV

74 
 
"  
  6HJ~QHO1DQ.LQJ &DQRQGHSUREOHPDV
 
  PHGLFLQDOHVHVFULWRHQHODxRDGH& 

 
 
"     /D]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODFDYLGDG
  
WRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRUVX
SHULRU
 /D]RQDHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDOGLDIUDJPDUH
SUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRUPHGLR
 /D]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODFDYLGDG
DEGRPLQDOUHSUHVHQWDODIXQFLyQGHOFDOHQWDGRU
LQIHULRU

75 
 "  /RVSXOVRVUDGLDOHVVHFODVLFDQJOREDOPHQWH
" "   HQ VLHWH WLSRV VXSHUFLDO PHGLDQR SURIXQGR
 

DQWHULRUSRVWHULRUGHUHFKRHL]TXLHUGR

 6XSHUFLDOHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHODSLHO\
ODDUWHULD
 3URIXQGRHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHHOKXHVR
\HOWHQGyQ
 0HGLRHOSXOVRTXHVHSHUFLEHHQWUHORVGRVDQ
WHULRUHV GHQWURGHOP~VFXOR 


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 6XSHULRU]RQDSUHHVWLORLGHDUHHMDODHQIHUPH
GDGWRUiFLFD\GHJDUJDQWDHWF
 ,QIHULRU]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHDUHHMDODHQIHUPH
GDGKLSRJiVWULFDGHODFDGHUD\GHORVPLHPEURV
LQIHULRUHVHWF
 'HUHFKRODPXxHFKDGHUHFKD
 ,]TXLHUGRORVSXOVRVGHODPXxHFDL]TXLHUGD

76 

 "   (QHO1HL.LQJVHFODVLFDQORVVLHWHWLSRV
]c%d^ GHSXOVRGHHVWDPDQHUDSXOVRJUDQGHSXOVRSH
TXHxR SXOVR IUtR SXOVR FDOXURVR SXOVR OHQWR
SXOVRSUHVWR\SXOVRGHSULPLGR

77 

  
   (O<DQJFHOHVWLDOIHFXQGDHQODL]TXLHUGDHO<LQ
"  &  WHUUHVWUH IHFXQGD HQ OD GHUHFKD 3RU WDQWR HO
#  (
SXOVRL]TXLHUGRGHEHVHUPD\RUTXHHOSXOVRGH
UHFKRSDUDHOKRPEUH\YLFHYHUVDSDUDODPXMHU
 6HVLW~DQHO<DQJFHOHVWLDOHQHOVXUHO<LQFHOHV
WLDOHQHOQRUWHHO<DQJWHUUHVWUHHQHOQRUWH\HO
<LQWHUUHVWUHHQHOVXU&RPRHO<DQJHVIpUWLO\
HO<LQ HV HVWpULO SRU HOOR VH HQFXHQWUD HO SXOVR
SUHHVWLORLGHRPiVOOHQRTXHHOSXOVRSRVWHVWLORL
GHRHQHOKRPEUH\HOSXOVRSRVWHVWLORLGHRPiV
OOHQRTXHHOSXOVRSUHHVWLORLGHRHQODPXMHU


PALPAR

78 

 "   1HL.LQJGLFHKD\SXOVRVHQORVPHUL
]c%d^ GLDQRVSDUDLQGDJDUODVHQIHUPHGDGHV(VWRV
SXOVRV VRQ GLYLGLGRV HQ WUHV SDUWHV \ HQ FDGD
SDUWHKD\WUHVSXOVRVTXHVRQHOSXOVRFLHOR
HOSXOVRWLHUUD\HOSXOVRKRPEUH

 (OSXOVRFLHORGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVRGH
OD ]RQD WHPSRUDO SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPH
GDGGHODFDEH]DSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO
<LQPHQRUGHOSLH PHULGLDQRGHOULxRQ 
 (OSXOVRWLHUUDGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVRGH
ODPHMLOODSDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDGGHOD
ERFD\ORVGLHQWHVSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO
<DQJOXPLQRVRGHOSLH PHULGLDQRGHOHVWyPDJR 
 (OSXOVRKRPEUHGHODSDUWHVXSHULRUHOSXOVR
GH SRU GHODQWH GH OD RUHMD SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD
HQIHUPHGDGRFXODU\DXULFXODUSRUGRQGHSDVDOD
HQHUJtDGHO<DQJPHQRUGHODPDQR PHULGLDQR
GHOWULSOHFDOHQWDGRU 
 (OSXOVRFLHORGHODSDUWHPHGLDHOSXOVRUDGLDO
SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG SXOPRQDU SRU
GRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPD\RUGHODPDQR
PHULGLDQRGHORVSXOPRQHV 
 (O SXOVR WLHUUD GH OD SDUWH PHGLD HO SXOVR
+2.8 ,* SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPHGDG
WRUiFLFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<DQJOX
PLQRVRGHODPDQR HOPHULGLDQRGHOLQWHVWLQR
JUXHVR 


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (O SXOVR KRPEUH GH OD SDUWH PHGLD HO SXOVR
6+(10(1 & SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPH
GDGFDUGLDFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQ
PHQRUGHODPDQR HOPHULGLDQRGHOFRUD]yQ 
 (O SXOVR FLHOR GH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU HO SXOVR
:8/, +  SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG
KHSiWLFDSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPt
QLPRGHOSLH HOPHULGLDQRGHOKtJDGR 
 (O SXOVR WLHUUD GH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU HO SXOVR
7$,6+, 5  SDUD GLDJQRVWLFDU OD HQIHUPHGDG
UHQDOSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHUJtDGHO<LQPHQRU
GHOSLH HOPHULGLDQRGHOULxyQ 
 (OSXOVRKRPEUHGHODSDUWHLQIHULRUHOSXOVR
&+,0(1 %3 SDUDGLDJQRVWLFDUODHQIHUPH
GDGJiVWULFD\GHOED]RSRUGRQGHSDVDODHQHU
JtDGHO<LQPD\RUGHOSLH HOPHULGLDQRGHOED]R
\SiQFUHDV 

79 
 "   (QHO1DQ.LQJVHFODVLFDQORVQXHYHSXO
]c %d^ VRVGHHVWDPDQHUDKD\WUHVSXOVRV VXSHUFLDO
PHGLRSURIXQGR HQFDGD]RQDUDGLDO SUHHVWLORL
GHDHVWLORLGHDSRVWHVWLORLGHD 

80 
  
"    6LHOSXOVRUDGLDOVHLQWHUUXPSHSRUFDGDSXO
"
 "  VDFLRQHVHVQRUPDO


PALPAR

 3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHXQDYtV
FHUD
 3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHGRVYtV
FHUDV
 3RU FDGD  SXOVDFLRQHV DJRWDPLHQWR GH WUHV
YtVFHUDV
 3RUFDGDSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHFXDWUR
YtVFHUDV
 0HQRVGHSXOVDFLRQHVDJRWDPLHQWRGHFLQFR
YtVFHUDV PX\ JUDYH VL D~Q ODWH LUUHJXODUPHQWH
HVODPHQWDEOH

81 

  "
  +D\FLHUWDVGLIHUHQFLDVVXWLOHVHQWUHORVSXOVRV
 "  TXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVFLQFRYtVFHUDVDVDEHU

"   
 


 
 &RUD]yQ HO SXOVR HV VXSHUFLDO DPSOLR \ DOJR
GLVHPLQDGR
 3XOPyQHOSXOVRHVVXSHUFLDOiVSHUR\FRUWR
 +tJDGRHOSXOVRHVSURIXQGRH[WHQVR\ODUJR
 5LxyQHOSXOVRHVSURIXQGROLVR\EODQGR
 %D]RHOSXOVRHVPHGLDQROHQWR\SOiFLGR

(OODWLGRQRUPDOGHHVWRVSXOVRVWLHQHTXHVHU
PRGHUDGR\WUDQTXLOR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

82 

 "    *HQHUDOPHQWHHOSXOVRHVH[WHQVRHQODSULPD



    YHUDDPSOLRHQHOYHUDQRVXSHUFLDOHQHORWRxR

 
\SURIXQGRHQHOLQYLHUQR
6HUiQSXOVRVQRUPDOHVORVTXHODWHQSOiFLGD
PHQWHDSHVDUGHWHQHUHVWDVYDULDFLRQHVHVWDFLR
QDOHV

83 

 Q
 W   )DFWRUH[WHUQRSRUODLQXHQFLDGHODVVHLVHQHU
   JtDVSHUYHUVDV YLHQWRIUtRFDORUKXPHGDGVH
" 
TXtD\IXHJR HOSXOVRVHSUHVHQWDGHXQDIRUPD
DPSOLDWHQVDUiSLGDODUJDROLVDHWF
 )DFWRULQWHUQRSRUODLQXHQFLDGHODVVLHWHHPR
FLRQHV DOHJUtDLUDPHODQFROtDREVHVLyQWULV
WH]DWHPRU\SDVPR HOSXOVRVHSUHVHQWDGHXQD
IRUPDGpELOERUURVRFRUWRiVSHURREODQGRHWF

84 

 Q
   ([LVWHDSDUWHGHORVGRVIDFWRUHVDQWHGLFKRV

    WDPELpQXQIDFWRUQXWULWLYRTXHHMHUFHODLQXHQ
" 
FLDVREUHHOSXOVRODTXHVHDSUHFLDSULQFLSDO
PHQWHHQOD]RQDHVWLORLGHDGHOSXOVRUDGLDOGHOD
PDQRGHUHFKD\HQGRVIRUPDV


PALPAR

 3XOVRIXHUWHHVGHELGRDODOLPHQWRLQDGHFXDGR
 3XOVRGpELOHVGHELGRDOFDQVDQFLRH[FHVLYR

85 

"  # 6HDHOTXHIXHUHHOWLSRGHSXOVR\VXIDFWRU


" 
  LQX\HQWHWRGRVORVSXOVRVIXHUWHVUHHMDQODHQ
IHUPHGDGOOHQD\WRGRVORVSXOVRVGpELOHVUHHMDQ
ODHQIHUPHGDGYDFtD

86 

   1HL.LQJGLFH0LHQWUDVVHSXHGDVHGHEH


" "     SDOSDUHOSXOVRDODPDQHFHUSRUODUD]yQGHTXHHO
" 
<LQ\HO<DQJVHHQFXHQWUDQHQSOHQRUHSRVR\
SRU HO D\XQR ORV PHULGLDQRV HVWiQ VHUHQRV OD
VDQJUH\ODHQHUJtDD~QQRKDQUHFLELGRQLQJXQD
HVWLPXODFLyQ SRU OR TXH VH FRQVLGHUD FRPR XQ
PRPHQWR DSURSLDGR SDUD SHUFLELU HO SXOVR FRQ
PD\RUH[DFWLWXG

87 

"    (OSXOVRQRUPDOHVUtWPLFR\SOiFLGRFRQXQD
IUHFXHQFLD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH ODV FXDWUR \ ODV
FLQFRSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSLUDFLyQ


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

88 

  
  'XUDQWH FDGD UHVSLUDFLyQ HO SXOVR TXH ODWH
    WUHVYHFHVUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGIUtD\HOTXH
#
  "  
 " ' " 
ODWH VHLV YHFHV UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG FDOX
URVD&XDQGRODVSXOVDFLRQHVQRDOFDQ]DQDWUHV
YHFHV R H[FHGHQ D RFKR YHFHV KD\ HQIHUPHGDG
PX\JUDYH

89 

 
    3XOVRVVXSHUFLDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDOFLHORUHH
" "
 / MDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHVVXSHUFLDOHVVRQPRWLYD
"  /H" #
  GRVSRUORVIDFWRUHVH[WHUQRV(OYLHQWRSURGXFH
OD HQIHUPHGDG VXSHUFLDO HO IUtR SURGXFH OD
HQIHUPHGDG<LQHOFDORUSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDG
FDUGtDFDODKXPHGDGSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDGDE
GRPLQDO OD VHTXtD SURGXFH OD HQIHUPHGDG SXO
PRQDU\HOIXHJRSURGXFHODHQIHUPHGDG<DQJ
 3XOVRVSURIXQGRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDODWLHUUDUHH
MDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV LQWHUQDV VRQ PRWLYDGRV
SRUORVIDFWRUHVLQWHUQRV/DDOHJUtD\HOSDVPR
GDxDQDOFRUD]yQODLUDGDxDDOKtJDGRODREVH
VLyQ\ODPHODQFROtDGDxDQDOED]RODWULVWH]DGD
xDDORVSXOPRQHV\HOWHPRUGDxDDORVULxRQHV
 3XOVRV iVSHURV UHHMDQ HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR GH OD
VDQJUH
 3XOVRVOLVRVUHHMDQHOWUDVWRUQRGHOWULSOHFDOHQ
WDGRU


PALPAR

90 

 

 3RUFLHUWRTXHH[LVWHXQDJUDQYDULHGDGGHORV

   SXOVRVVLQHPEDUJRQRHVFDSDQGHORVWUHVFD


"    
" 
UDFWHUHVFRPXQHV(OORVVRQ

 /DSURIXQGLGDGDEDUFDORVSXOVRVVXSHUFLDOHV\
ORVSXOVRVSURIXQGRV
 /DYHORFLGDGDEDUFDORVSXOVRVSUHVWRV\ORVSXO
VRVOHQWRV
 /DIRUPDDEDUFDORVSXOVRVOLVRV\ORVSXOVRViV
SHURV

91 

  
   (OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOSXOPyQVHSHUFLEH
   HQWUHODSLHO\ODDUWHULD
"   
 (OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQVHSHUFLEHD
ODSURIXQGLGDGGHODDUWHULD
 (OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGRVHSHUFLEHD
ODSURIXQGLGDGGHOWHQGyQ
 (OSXOVRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDORVULxRQHVVHSHUFLEH
DODSURIXQGLGDGGHOKXHVR

92 
 


  (OSXOVREODQGRVXSHUFLDO\GpELO
  '" 

 
"   (OSXOVRGpELOSURIXQGR\GpELO
"     (OSXOVRKXHFRVXSHUFLDO\IXHUWH


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (OSXOVRVyOLGRSURIXQGR\IXHUWH
 (OSXOVROOHQRIXHUWHDODVWUHVSURIXQGLGDGHV
 (OSXOVRYDFtRGpELODODVWUHVSURIXQGLGDGHV
 (OSXOVRERUURVRPX\GpELODODVWUHVSURIXQGL
GDGHVHVVHPHMDQWHDXQKLORDSXQWRGHFRUWDUVH
 (OSXOVRGLVHPLQDGRPX\GpELODODVWUHVSURIXQ
GLGDGHVSDUHFHDORVSpWDORVGHVSDUUDPDGRV
 (OSXOVRWXEXODUIXHUWHSRUODVXSHUFLH\SRUHO
SURIXQGRGpELOSRUHOPHGLR
 (OSXOVRODWHQWHPX\SURIXQGR\PX\GpELO

93 

 


  (OSXOVROHQWRWUHVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSLUD
 "  FLyQ

 
" 

 
 (OSXOVRSUHVWRVHLVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHVSL
UDFLyQ
 (OSXOVRSOiFLGRGHFXDWURDFLQFRSXOVDFLRQHV
SRUFDGDUHVSLUDFLyQ
 (O SXOVR LPSHWXRVR VLHWH SXOVDFLRQHV SRU FDGD
UHVSLUDFLyQ
 (O SXOVR SDXVDGR FXDWUR SXOVDFLRQHV SRU FDGD
UHVSLUDFLyQ\VHLQWHUUXPSH
 (OSXOVRLUUHJXODUVHLVSXOVDFLRQHVSRUFDGDUHV
SLUDFLyQ\VHLQWHUUXPSH
 (O SXOVR LQWHUPLWHQWH VH LQWHUUXPSH SHULyGLFD
PHQWH/DGXUDFLyQGHODLQWHUUXSFLyQHVDOJRPiV
SURORQJDGDTXHODGHORVGRVSXOVRVDQWHULRUHV


PALPAR

94 

 


  (OSXOVROLVRSDUHFHDODEROD\UHVEDOD
  '"   (OSXOVRiVSHURODWHFRQPXFKDDVSHUH]D

 
" 
    (OSXOVRH[WHQVRSDUHFHDXQDFXHUGDH[WHQGLGD
 (OSXOVRWHQVRXQSRFRPiVDQFKRTXHHOSXOVR
H[WHQVRWDPELpQUHVEDOD
 (O SXOVR DPSOLR VXEH FRQ YLJRU \ EDMD DWH
QXDQGR
 (OSXOVRJUDQGHJUDQGH\YLJRURVR
 (OSXOVRHVWUHFKRSHTXHxRFRPRXQKLOR
 (OSXOVRDJLWDGRVHDJLWDFRPRXQSRURWR1RU
PDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDVRORHQOD]RQDPHGLD
 (OSXOVRODUJRODORQJLWXGVXSHUDDODVWUHV]RQDV
UDGLDOHV
 (OSXOVRFRUWRQRFXEUHODVWUHV]RQDV

95 

 
  

 /RVSXOVRVVXSHUFLDOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQDO<DQJ
 "  \ UHHMDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV H[WHUQDV FDXVDGDV
"
 
SRUODVVHLVHQHUJtDVSHUYHUVDV

 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOIXHUWH UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHU


PHGDGYHQWRVDWLSROOHQR
 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOGpELOUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGYHQWRVDWLSRYDFtR
 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOOHQWR HOSXOVROHQWRHVXQ
SXOVRIUtR UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQDIUtD


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOSOiFLGR HOSXOVRSOiFLGRHV


XQSXOVRK~PHGR UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGH[
WHUQDYHQWRVD\K~PHGD
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOEODQGR HO SXOVR EODQGR HV
XQSXOVRGHOYDFtRHQHUJpWLFR UHSUHVHQWDODHQ
IHUPHGDGFDXVDGDSRUODHQHUJtDFDOXURVD
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOGLVHPLQDGR HO SXOVR GLVH
PLQDGR HV XQ SXOVR GH OD HQHUJtD GLVHPLQDGD 
UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQDPX\YDFtD
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDODPSOLR HO SXOVR DPSOLR HV
XQ SXOVR GHO <DQJ DEXQGDQWH  UHSUHVHQWD HO
<DQJH[FHVLYRHQODVXSHUFLHGHFXHUSR
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOJUDQGH HO SXOVR JUDQGH HV
XQ SXOVR GHO <DQJ OOHQR  UHSUHVHQWD HO <DQJ
OOHQRHQODVXSHUFLHGHOFXHUSR
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOHVWUHFKR HO SXOVR HVWUHFKR
HVXQSXOVRGHODFDUHQFLDHQHUJpWLFD UHSUHVHQWD
ODHQIHUPHGDGH[WHUQD\ODFDUHQFLDHQHUJpWLFD
 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOiVSHUR HOSXOVRiVSHURHV
XQSXOVRGHODFDUHQFLDVDQJXtQHD UHSUHVHQWDOD
DQHPLD
 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOSUHVWR HOSXOVRSUHVWRHVXQ
SXOVR FDOXURVR  UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG YHQ
WRVDWLSRFDOXURVR
 (O SXOVR VXSHUFLDOWHQVR HO SXOVR WHQVR HV XQ
SXOVR IUtR  UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG YHQWRVD
WLSRIUtR
 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOH[WHQVR HOSXOVRH[WHQVRHV
XQSXOVRGHOHGHPD UHSUHVHQWDXQHGHPDH[
WHUQR


PALPAR

 (OSXOVRVXSHUFLDOOLVR HOSXOVROLVRHVXQSXOVR


GHOWUDVWRUQRGH7& UHSUHVHQWDHOWUDVWRUQRGH
7&FDXVDGRSRUODDIHFFLyQGHOYLHQWR

96 
 
  

 /RVSXOVRVSURIXQGRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDO<LQ\
 "  UHHMDQODVHQIHUPHGDGHVLQWHUQDVFDXVDGDVSRU
"  
HOIDFWRUHPRFLRQDORQXWULWLYR

 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRJUDQGH HOSXOVRJUDQGHHVXQ


SXOVRGHODDEXQGDQFLD UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGLQWHUQDWLSROOHQR
 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRSHTXHxR HOSXOVRSHTXHxRHV
XQSXOVRGHODFDUHQFLD UHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGLQWHUQDWLSRYDFtR
 (OSXOVRSURIXQGROHQWRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
LQWHUQDIUtD
 (O SXOVR SURIXQGRSOiFLGR UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHU
PHGDGLQWHUQDK~PHGD
 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRWHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGLQWHUQDIUtD\GRORURVD
 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRSUHVWRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGLQWHUQDPX\FDOXURVD
 (O SXOVR SURIXQGRiVSHUR UHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHU
PHGDGLQWHUQDYHQWRVDFDOXURVD\K~PHGD
 (O SXOVR SURIXQGROLVR UHSUHVHQWD HO HVWDQFD
PLHQWRGHORVDOLPHQWRVLQJHULGRV
 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRODWHQWHUHSUHVHQWDODREVWUXF
FLyQHQHUJpWLFDHQJHQHUDO


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (OSXOVRSURIXQGRH[WHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODKLGUR
SHVtDLQWHUQD

97 

 
  

  (OSXOVREODQGRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHO<DQJ
 "   /  (OSXOVRGpELOUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGH<LQ
b/&
/

 (OSXOVRERUURVRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHU
JtD\VDQJUH
 (OSXOVRGLVHPLQDGRUHSUHVHQWDHOH[WUHPRYD
FtRGHODHQHUJtD
 (OSXOVRKXHFRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHUJtD
QXWULWLYD
 (OSXOVRVyOLGRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGLQWHUQD
\GRORURVD
 (OSXOVRYDFtRUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtRHQJHQHUDO
 (OSXOVROOHQRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGOOHQDHQ
JHQHUDO
 (OSXOVRWXEXODUUHSUHVHQWDODDQHPLD

98 

 
  

  (OSXOVROHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHDO<LQUHSUHVHQWDODV
 "  / HQIHUPHGDGHVGHODVYtVFHUDVPDFL]DV
" /

8Q SXOVR OHQWRIXHUWH UHSUHVHQWD OD HQ
IHUPHGDGGRORURVDSRUHOH[FHVRGH<LQ
8QSXOVROHQWRGpELOUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDG
GRORURVDSRUHOYDFtRGH<LQ


PALPAR

 (OSXOVRSUHVWRFRUUHVSRQGHD<DQJUHSUHVHQWD
ODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHODVYtVFHUDVKXHFDV
8QSXOVRSUHVWRIXHUWHUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPH
GDGGHOH[FHVRGH<DQJ
8Q SXOVR SUHVWRGpELO UHSUHVHQWD OD HQ
IHUPHGDGGHOYDFtRGH<DQJ
 (OSXOVRSOiFLGRVLHVDPSOLRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHU
PHGDGGHOED]R\GHOHVWyPDJRFDXVDGDSRUOD
DFXPXODFLyQGHODKXPHGDGLQWHUQD
 (O SXOVR LUUHJXODU UHSUHVHQWD HO HVWDQFDPLHQWR
GHODHQHUJtD<DQJ
 (OSXOVRSDXVDGRUHSUHVHQWDHOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGH
ODHQHUJtD<LQ
 (O SXOVR LQWHUPLWHQWH UHSUHVHQWD OD GHELOLGDG
YLVFHUDO\ODFDUHQFLDGH<DQJ
 (OSXOVROLVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGGHOWULSOH
FDOHQWDGRU
 (OSXOVRiVSHURUHSUHVHQWDODDQHPLD

99 

 
  

  (OSXOVRH[WHQVRUHSUHVHQWDXQHGHPD
 "  /  (OSXOVRWHQVRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGIUtD\
" /  /

 /

GRORURVDFDXVDGDSRUHO<LQOOHQR
 (OSXOVRDPSOLRUHSUHVHQWDODHQIHUPHGDGFDOX
URVDFDXVDGDSRUHO<DQJOOHQR
 (OSXOVRDJLWDGRUHSUHVHQWDODOXFKDHQWUHHO<LQ
\HO<DQJ
 (OSXOVRODUJRUHSUHVHQWDODVDOXG


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

 (OSXOVRFRUWRUHSUHVHQWDODHVFDVH]GHODHQHUJtD
 (OSXOVRHVWUHFKRUHSUHVHQWDODGHELOLGDGGHOD
HQHUJtD
 (OSXOVRJUDQGHUHSUHVHQWDHODJUDYDPLHQWRGH
ODHQIHUPHGDG

100 

 "     3XOVRFRKHUHQWHVXSHUFLDOOHQWR

  3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHWHQVRDPSOLR\SUHVWR

101 

 "    3XOVRFRKHUHQWHVXSHUFLDODPSOLR


     3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHERUURVRGpELOSURIXQGRiV
 
 SHUR
 /DVHQIHUPHGDGHVIHEULOHVWHQJDQHOVtQWRPD<LQ
RQRVLHPSUHGHEHQWHQHUORVSXOVRV<DQJ

102 

 "   (OFDQVDQFLRGDxDDOED]RGHEHWHQHUHOSXOVR

 
  GpELO\YDFtR(VSHOLJURVRVLWLHQHODWUDQVSLUD
FLyQHVSRQWiQHDRHOSXOVRSUHVWR


PALPAR

103 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHH[WHQVR


     3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHLQWHUPLWHQWH

104 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRSHTXHxRGpELO


   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHOOHQRVXSHUFLDODPSOLR

105 

 "    3XOVRFRKHUHQWHVXSHUFLDOOLVR


   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRSUHVWRHVWUHFKR

106 

 "  
   3XOVRFRKHUHQWHSXOVRVXSHUFLDO
 3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHODWHQWH

107 

 "      3XOVRIDYRUDEOHVXSHUFLDOEODQGR


 3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRODWHQWH\WHQVR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

108 

 "      3XOVRIDYRUDEOHVXSHUFLDOOOHQRRYDFtROLVR


 3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRiVSHUR

109 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHWXEXODUOHQWR


   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSUHVWRDPSOLR

110 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHKXHFRJUDQGH

  3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRiVSHURERUURVR

111 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHJUDQGHSUHVWR


   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHHVWUHFKRERUURVRFRUWRiV
SHUR

112 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHOOHQRJUDQGH


   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHiVSHURSHTXHxR


PALPAR

113 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHVXSHUFLDODPSOLR



   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRSUHVWR

114 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHVXSHUFLDOOHQWR


""   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRSHTXHxRSUHVWR

115 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHWHQVRSUHVWRKXHFR


&   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHGpELOSUHVWR

116 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHDPSOLRSUHVWRVXSHUFLDO




   3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHERUURVRiVSHUR

117 

 "    3XOVRIDYRUDEOHVXSHUFLDODPSOLROOHQR


    3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRHVWUHFKRERUURVR


LOS 4 DIAGNSTICOS CHINOS

118 

 "     3XOVRIDYRUDEOHOLVRSUHVWR


" 
  3XOVRGHVIDYRUDEOHSURIXQGRHVWUHFKRYDFtR

119 

 "   /DVPXMHUHVHPEDUD]DGDVWLHQHQHOSXOVRIXHUWH


  '  HQOD]RQDSRVWHVWLORLGHD\GpELOHQOD]RQDSUHHVWL
ORLGHDRWLHQHQHOSXOVRPX\DJLWDGRVREUHHOPHUL
GLDQRGHOFRUD]yQ DODDOWXUDGHOHVWLORLGHV 6LHVWD
DJLWDFLyQGHOSXOVRVHGLVSHUVDSRUODSUHVLyQLQGLFD
HPEDUD]RGHWUHVPHVHVVLHVWDDJLWDFLyQQRVHGLV
SHUVDLQGLFDHOHPEDUD]RGHFLQFRPHVHV6LODDJL
WDFLyQGHOSXOVRVHDFHQW~DHQODPDQRL]TXLHUGD
HVXQQLxR\HQODPDQRGHUHFKDHVXQDQLxD

120 

"  "   &XDQGR OOHJD HO PRPHQWR RSRUWXQR HO SXOVR


VHSUHVHQWDGHXQDIRUPDPX\GHVRUGHQDGDTXH
DVHPHMDDOSXOVRGLVHPLQDGR

121 

" " "   'HVSXpVGHOSDUWRSRUODOyJLFDGHELOLGDGHQHU


JpWLFD\VDQJXtQHDGHEHKDEHUHOSXOVRYDFtRSH


PALPAR

TXHxR \ OHQWR VL DSDUHFH HO SXOVR JUDQGH OOHQR


KXHFRRVyOLGRKDEUiTXHWHQHUPXFKDSUHFDXFLyQ

122 
 "  "
  /RVSXOVRVFODURVUHSUHVHQWDQODQREOH]DVRQORV
 " 
 ? ODWLGRVVXDYHVWUDQTXLORV\QRWDEOHV
 ]"  
> %e^
 /RVSXOVRVWXUELRVUHSUHVHQWDQODPLVHULDVRQORV
ODWLGRViVSHURVFRQIXVRV\U~VWLFRV
 /RVSXOVRVSHTXHxRVUHSUHVHQWDQODSREUH]D
 /RVSXOVRVJUDQGHVUHSUHVHQWDQODULTXH]D
 /RVSXOVRViVSHURVUHSUHVHQWDQHOLQIRUWXQLR
 /RVSXOVRVOLVRVUHSUHVHQWDQHOELHQHVWDU
 /RVSXOVRVODUJRVUHSUHVHQWDQODORQJHYLGDG
 /RVSXOVRVFRUWRVUHSUHVHQWDQODYLGDFRUWD
 8QDSHUVRQDGHDVSHFWRHOHJDQWH\SXOVRWXUELR
HVQREOHSHURPLVHUDEOH
 8QD SHUVRQD GH DVSHFWR GHVDJUDGDEOH \ SXOVR
FODURHVPLVHUDEOHSHURQREOH
 3XOVRFODUR\JUDQGHHVQREOH\ULFR
 3XOVRFODUR\SHTXHxRHVQREOH\SREUH
 3XOVRFODUR\OLVRHVQREOH\GLFKRVR
 3XOVRFODUR\iVSHURHVQREOH\GHVGLFKDGR
 3XOVRWXUELR\SHTXHxRHVSREUH\PLVHUDEOH
 3XOVRWXUELR\JUDQGHHVPLVHUDEOHSHURULFR
 3XOVRWXUELR\iVSHURHVPLVHUDEOH\GHVGLFKDGR
 3XOVRWXUELR\OLVRHVPLVHUDEOHSHURGLFKRVR
 3XOVRWXUELR\FRUWRHVPLVHUDEOH\YLYHSRFR
 3XOVRWXUELR\ODUJRHVPLVHUDEOHSHURFRQORQ
JHYLGDG



Anda mungkin juga menyukai