CLASS XII
P H Y S I C S I N V E S T I G AT O R Y P R O J E C T
C.DHINAKAR
P H Y S I C S T E AC H E R : M R . S AT H I S H
DDF
Euro International School, Sector 45
Physics Investigatory Project
Certificate
This is to certify that C.Dhinakar, a student of class XII has successfully completed the research on the
below mentioned project under the guidance of Mr.Sathish (Physics Teacher).
Teachers Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks to my teacher
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which also helped me in doing a lot of Research. I came
Index
1 Certificate of Excellence
2 Acknowledgement
3 Aim of project
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4 Introduction
5 Theory
6 Apparatus required
7 Procedure followed
8 Observation
9 Conclusions
10 Precautions
11 Bibliography
Aim of Project
The aim of the project is to demonstrate the underlying
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simple principle such as (A) Automatic switching of
Introduction
A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor(LDR) is a
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A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive
conductivity.
Theory
Alight dependentresistor works on the principle of photo
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increased when light is absorbed by the material. Modern
selenide.
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incident light should have energy greater than the band
incident light.
or cut off.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
The project consists of the following apparatus:
2. LDR
3. Switching circuit
4. Relay
5. Buzzer
6. Batteries
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Procedurefollowed
An empty cardboard box was used to mimic a house. An
BUZZER
INTERRUPTION
RELAY Light
LIGHT BEAM
HOUSE
DOOR
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As seen in the above diagram, a light source is positioned
the door. When the light beam falls on the LDR, it lowers
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interceptedby an opaque object, the LDR stops receiving
buzzer.
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The same circuit can be rewired to reverse the effect of
morning alarm.
Circuit Diagram
transistor conducts
collector-emitter
sufficient voltage is
ison.
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The circuit uses two transistors, connected in series. The
the LDR, the LDR starts conducting and the net base
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relay goes to position-1 where, the buzzer is connected
The ringing buzzer wards off the intruder and also alerts
intrusion.
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Observation
In the set up described, the following observations were
Table of observations
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Extension of scope in future
is shown in the
accompanyingpicture.
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Conclusion
Based on the observation above, it can be concluded that
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Precautions
The project uses certain devices that can be harmful to
observed.
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4. The LDR: Should a need arise to destroy the project;
care should be taken to dispose off the LDR properly
as it contains harmful chemicals that can damage
the environment.
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Bibliography
s ds
1. www.google.com
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/
3. www.electrical4u.com
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