The Cell

Cell Theory
CELL TYPES
Prokaryotic cell
CELL TYPES Eukaryotic cell (animal)
CELL TYPES
Cell Structure: 3 basic divisions
Cell Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model
 Membrane components
Membrane LIPIDS
1. phospholipids
2. glycolipids
3. cholesterol

Membrane PROTEINS
1. integral
2. peripheral
Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Membrane Modifications
1. Microvilli
Cell Membrane Modifications
2. glycocalyx
Cell Membrane Modifications
3. Cell wall
 ORGANELLES
Nucleus and ribosomes
Endomembrane system organelles
Energy-related organelles
Peroxisomes and vacuoles
cytoskeleton
 Nuclear
Compartment
 Nuclear
Compartment
RIBOSOMES
 ORGANELLES
Nucleus and ribosomes
Endomembrane system organelles
Energy-related organelles
Peroxisomes and vacuoles
cytoskeleton
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI COMPLEX
 Relationship of ER and Golgi
ribosomes Transport vesicle

RER cisternae

lysosome

Secretory vesicle
Exocytosis of
contents
Figure 4.13
 Lysosomes
Intracellular digestion
Autophagy
Autolysis during apoptosis
Extracellular digestion

lysosome

peroxisome
 ORGANELLES
Nucleus and ribosomes
Endomembrane system organelles
Energy-related organelles
Peroxisomes and vacuoles
cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Figure 4.16
Chloroplast
 ORGANELLES
Nucleus and ribosomes
Endomembrane system organelles
Energy-related organelles
Peroxisomes and vacuoles
cytoskeleton
 Peroxisomes/Microbodies
H2O2 metabolism

Organic cmpds.

oxidase
H2O2

catalase

H2O and oxygen

 Peroxisomes
Detoxification of harmful compounds
Methanol
ethanol
Phenol catalase
Formaldehyde
nitrites
 CENTRAL
Figure 4.15

VACUOLE
 ORGANELLES
Nucleus and ribosomes
Endomembrane system organelles
Energy-related organelles
Peroxisomes and vacuoles
cytoskeleton
CYTOSKELETON
CILIA & FLAGELLA
CENTRIOLES
CENTRIOLES
 Inclusions

Vesicles
Fat droplets
Pigments
Crystals
Granules
 Differences: Plant and Animal Cell
Typical Plant Typical Animal Eukaryotic
Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Cell
Cell Wall Yes No
Centrioles No Yes
Chromosomes Many Many
Cilia or Flagella Some present Yes, complex
Endoplasmic Yes (some
Yes (some exceptions)
reticulum exceptions)

Golgi Bodies Yes Yes

Lysosomes No Common
Mitochondria Yes Yes
Mucleus Yes Yes
Peroxisomes Common Common
Plasma Membrane Yes Yes
Ribosomes Yes Yes
Plasmodesmata Yes No
Plasmodesmata
Source: http://cronodon.com/BioTech/Plant_Transport.html
Salamat!