-

IIIIIIIV

III

IIIIV

AB B A

43


I4

1. 1.1

1.2 1.2

1.3

2. 2.1

2.2

1. 1.1
1.2
1.3 1.3 4

2. 2.1 2.1

3. 3.1 3.1
n
3.2 a

3.3

4. 4.1 4.1


1. 1.1

2. 2.1

3. 3.1
3.2 3.2


4. 4.1

44
 -

5. 5.1 5.1

5.2
5.3
5.4

45


II 4

1.
1.1 1.1


1.2 1.2

/ I

2. 2.1
1. 1.1


1.2

1.3

1.4

2. 2.1 2.1
2.2




3. 3.1 3.1

1. 1.1

2. 2.1 2.1

3. 3.1

1. 1.1 1.1

2. 2.1 2.1

1.
2.

46
 -

III 4

1. 1.1


2. 2.1 2.1 cot, sec, csc

I
2.2 I
3. 3.1

4. 4.1 4.1

5. 5.1 5.1
5.2
1. 1.1
1.2

2. 2.1
2.2

3. 3.1
3.2 3.2

1. 1.1

1.2

2. 2.1

2.2

3. 3.1


3.2

47


IV4

1. 1.1 1.1

2. 2.1

2.2

3. 3.1


4. 4.1

4.2

4.3 4.3

1. 1.1

2. 2.1

2.2

3. 3.1
3.2

1. 1.1 1.1

2. 2.1

3. 3.1
4. 4.1
4.2 4.2

1. 1.1

2. 2.1

3. 3.1

48
 -

1.

2.
3.
4.

5.



1
2
3
6.


7.

8.

49


IIIIII IV

1.
1.1

50
 -

1.2

2

1
= 2 + 1 a 2 = a
2 1
a+b
ab
2

1.3

( a + b ) ( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b2 ) ( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b2 ) ( a + b + c )
3 2

(1 x ) (1 + x + x 2 )
( x + y 1)( x y + 2 )
x3 + y 3 + z 3 3 xyz = ( x + y + z )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 xy yz zx)

1 2ab 1 c
= = 5+ 2 6 = 3 + 2
11 1 a +b 2 2 2
+ 2
+ a b a b
2a b +
c c
x 2 + x 2 + 2 = x + x 1
2.
2.1
a, b a, b 2:3 x
2.2
a + b a + b
x 3 < 2 x 1 < 1 1 < x < 2
x 1 < 2 x 3

y = cx n n=1234

51


(x a )(x a ) (x b )x 2 + 1x 2 + x + 1 f (x )
(x a ) f ( a ) (x a ) f ( x ) (x a )
f ( x ) a f (x ) (x a ) ( x b )
(a, ) (b, ) f (x )
(x a ) ( x b )

1.
1.1
y = f ( x )
y = mx + b = m ( x x0 ) m, x0 , b m
y x
1.2
f ( x) = x 2 + 2 x + 3,2 x 2
x 2 x + 4

52
 -

y = c ( x a )( x b )
y = ax 2 + bx + c y = a ( x h ) + k
2

1.3
y = x n n = 1, 2, 3, 4 [ 1.5,1.5]

n y = cx n
c y = cx n
y = c ( x h ) + k
n

2.
2.1

( x a ) ( x n 1 + x n 2 a + L + a n 1 ) = x n a n n = 2,3,4
( x + a )( x 2 ax + a 2 ) = x 3 + a 3

f ( x ) = 2 x 3 5 x 2 + 6 x + 3 = a + b ( x 1) + c ( x 1) + d ( x 1) a, b, c, d
2 3

f (1.01)

f ( x ) = 2 x 3 5 x 2 + 6 x + 3 = a + b ( x 1) + c ( x 1)( x 2 ) + d ( x 1)( x 2 )( x 3)
a, b, c, d
f ( x ) (x a ) ( x b ) ( a, f ( a ) ) , ( b, f ( b ) )
f a,b f f ( x ) = q ( x )( x a )( x b )

(1,1) , ( 2, 3) , ( 3, 7 ) f ( x ) = a + b ( x 1) + c ( x 1) ( x 2 )
1
a, b, c f
2

53


(11,3), (12,5), (13,8)

( x 12)( x 13) ( x 11)( x 13) ( x 11)( x 12)
f ( x) = 3 + 5 + 8
(11 12)(11 13) (12 11)(12 13) (13 11)(13 12)
f (11.5)

(1,1) , ( 2, 3) , ( 3, 7 )
f ( x ) = a + bx + cx 2
a, b, c IV

3.
3.1

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

x 2 + 5 x + 3 = 0 2 + 2 3 + 3
1 1 3
+ =
x 1 x 2 2
3.2 a n

x n = a a>0 f ( x ) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
n
3.3


f ( x ) = k ( x a1 ) 1 L ( x ak ) k ( x 2 + b1 x + c1 ) L ( x 2 + bm x + cm )
r r s1 sm


f ( x ) = 5 x 4 21x 3 + 30 x 2 9 x + 7 x = 2 + i
4.
4.1

( x 1)( x + 2 )
2
( x 4 ) > 0 ( x 1)( x 2 )
3
(x 2
+ x + 1) > 0
x3 1 > 0 x4 2 x2 3 > 0
1 1 1
< 0 < 1 < 1
x x 1 x

54
 -

10 x , x = 0.1,0.2,L ,0.9

a > 0, a 1

2 x 10 x
x = log a b a x = b
10

log( xy ) = log x + log y

( )
log ( x / y ) = log x log y log x = log x

1
10 log a x = log x
log a
y = log x y = log x

1.
1.1
1 1 5 1 1 1
n 10 2 10 3 = 10 6 2 3 33 = 6 3
1 1
10 < 10 3 2

a 1 b 1 c 1
( x a b ) c a ( x b c ) a b ( x c a ) b c
a 3 x + a 3 x
a 2 x = 2 + 3
a x + a x + 6

55


2.
2.1
2 x
10 x
3.
3.1
log( xy ) = log x + log y log ( x / y ) = log x log y
( )
log x = log x
n
log a b, ( log a b )( log b c ) = log a c, a log x b = blog x a
log a m bn =
m
1
3.2 log a x = log x
log a
10

4.
4.1

y = a x x = log a y
1
log a x = log x = log a

a+b log a + log b a +b

ab log a = b
2 2 2

5.
5.1


5.2
2100 (1.18 )
10

5.3

5.4

56
 -

II

1.
1.1

an +1 = an + d an +1 = ran an +1 = an + n an +1 = an + n 2 an +1 = ( n + 1) an
1.2
/ II
2.
2.1

n n n n n
( ak + bk ) = ak + bk cak = c ak
k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1
n n +1
ak = ak 1
k =1 k =2
n n n
1
k k 2
k =1 k =1 k =1 k ( k + 1)

1.
1.1

57


1.2

1.3
|S| S

10 8 3 5 7 21 4 1 3 6
10+8+3+5+7+21+4+1+3+6 = 68

51

51

50
1.4
A B |A B| = |A| + |B|
A, B A B |A B| = |A||B|
A, B, C
1 |A B| = |A| + |B| |A B|
2 |A B C| = |A| + |B| + |C| |A B| |B C| |C A| + |A B C|

Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion PIE

Inclusion and Exclusion

PIE
2.
2.1

n n!
1 n 1 n
n!
n k

58
 -

n!
Pkn = 1 k 1 n
(n k )!
Pkn
50 1

n k
nk
1 k 1 n
nk
10 103
1 0 A={0,1} n
An = A A . . . A n 2n
2.2
n!
Ckn =
k !( n k )!

n k
n!
Ckn =
k !( n k )!
k 1 n
Ckn

n k
k
C n + k 1
k 1 n
Ckn + k 1
n k x1 + x2 + + xn = k
Ckn + k 1
3.

3.1
(x + yn
5
1
x 2 + + 1
x
x

59


1.
1.1


3
2.
2.1


50
3.
3.1
ABC A 40%B
30%C 30% A 5%B
10%C 8%
A

90%
90%
90% 2%

1.
1.1
1 n 1
= xk ( x1 x2 L xn ) n
n k =1

1 n 2
=
n k =1
( xk )

1 n
( xk x ) 2 x=
2

n k =1
xi
xi

60
 -

2.
2.1
0

( xk , y k ) , k = 1, 2,L , n , e(r ) = y k rxk ( )

n 2

k =1
n n
r e(r ) = ( yi2 2 xi yi r + xi2 r 2 ) = r 2 2( xi yi )r + 1
i =1 i =1
n
r = xi y i
i =1

y = rx e( r)

II

1.

2.

III

61


360 r 0 360

1.
1.1

62
 -

2.
2.1

X
= 150, = 30; = 225, = 45; = 300, = 60

cos , sin

2.2
r, 0 r < , 0 < 360
3.

BC = CD + BD = b 2 sin 2 A + ( c b cos A)
2 2 2 2

= b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A

A D B

ABC B ( c, 0 ) C
( b cos A, b sin A)
1
ABC c b sin A
2
1
ABC a c sin B
2
1
ABC a b sin C
2
ABC A B ( c, 0 ) C
( b cos A, b sin A)
a 2 = ( b cos A c ) + ( b sin A) = b2 + c 2 2bc cos A
2 2

4. cos ( 2 1 ) = cos 1 cos 2 + sin 1 sin 2

4.1

B ( cos 2 ,sin 2 )
A,B
A ( cos 1 ,sin 1 )
( cos 1,sin 1 ) , ( cos 2 ,sin 2 )
OAB cos ( 2 1 ) = cos 1 cos 2 + sin 1 sin 2 O
1,0

63


cos (1 + 2 ) sin (1 + 2 ) tan (1 + 2 ) cos 2

sin 2 cos sin
2 2

cos15o
5.

5.1

5.2

1.
1.1

1.2

2.
2.1

2.2
ax + by = k
3.
3.1
3.2

64
 -

v v
a b
v v
a b cos = a1b1 + a2 b2
v v
a b sin = a1b2 a2 b1

a x + b1 y = c 1
1
a2 x + b2 y = c2
v v v v v
c = xa + yb a b 0
v v
a b
1.
1.1



1.2


1 2
x + y 0 x 1 , 0 y 1
2 1
4 1 2

5 2 1
2.
2.1

65


r r
a = ( a1 , a2 ) , b = ( b1 , b2 )

r2 r2 r r
( b1 , b2 )
( a1 b1 ) + ( a2 b2 ) = a + b 2 a b cos
2 2

r r r
a1b1 + a2b2 = a b cos b
( a1 , a2 )
r
r r r r a
a, b a b


r r r r r r r r r r r r r r2
( )
a b = ba a + b c = a c + bc a a = a

ax + by ( a 2 + b 2 )( x 2 + y 2 )
2

r r r r
a + b a + b
4, 51, 2


2.2
3.
3.1

1.OABO0,0 A ( a1 , a2 ) B ( b1 , b2 )
y
B ( b1 , b2 )
A ( a1 , a2 ) 1 1 1
OAB = b1b2 + ( a2 + b2 )( a1 b1 ) a1a2
2 2 2
1
= ( a1b2 a2 b1 )
2
x
O D C
r r
2. a, b
1 v v 1 v v 1 v2 v2 v v 2
OAB = a b sin = a b 1 cos2 =
2 2 2
a b a b ( )

1 1
=
2
( a1 + a2 )( b1 + b2 ) ( a1b1 + a2b2 ) = 2 a1b2 a2b1
2 2 2 2 2

a b a a b a1 a + c b1 a1 b1 c1 b1
1 1 = 1 2 = 1 1 1 = +
a2 b2 b1 b2 b2 a2 a2 + c2 b2 a2 b2 c2 b2
ca1 b1 a b1
=c 1
ca2 b2 a2 b2

66
 -

3.2
a x + b1 y = c 1
1
a2 x + b2 y = c2
v v v v v
c a b a b
0

IV

0
0
1.
1.1
2.
2.1
2.2

{(1, 2,3) + t ( 0,1, 1) | 0 t 1}
{s (1, 2,3) + t ( 0,1, 1) | 0 s 1,0 t 2}
3.
3.1
( a1 , a2 , a3 ) ( b1 , b2 , b3 )
v v v v
a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = a b cos a b a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3

4.
4.1

67


2 2 2
v v v v
( )
2 a a3 a a1 a a2
A =| a |2 | b |2 a b
2
= 2 + 3 + 1
b2 b3 b3 b1 b1 b2
4.2

v v v v v v
a , b , c a (b c )
4.3




a2 + 1 ba ca
ab b2 + 1 cb
ac bc c2 + 1
b+c a a
b a+c b
c c a+b

1.
1.1
2.
2.1

x 1 z
L : = y + 1 = E : 2 x + y z = 3
2 3
2.2
3.
3.1


3.2
a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1

a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = d 2
a x + b y + c z = d
3 3 3 3

uv v v v v v v
d a b c a b c
0

68
 -

1.

2.
2.1
Caley-Hamilton
3.
3.1


4.
4.1
4.2

1 2 1 0 1 2
A = A
2 1 0 1 2 1
1 3 1 2

2 4 2 1

69


1.
1.1
2
x 2 + ( y - c ) = y + c

2.
2.1
( x c) ( x + c)
2 2
+ y2 + + y 2 = 2a


( x h ) + ( y k ) = 1 x 2 + y 2 = 1
2 2
x = x h

y = y k a2 b2 a 2 b2


x2 y2
+ = k
a 2 b2
x y x2 y2 x2 y2
x = , y = 2 + 2 = t 2 2 + 2 = 1
t t a b a b

ax 2 + cy 2 + dx + ey + f = 0
a ( x h ) + c ( y k ) = ah 2 + ck 2 f
2 2

3.
3.1
( x c) ( x + c)
2 2
+ y2 + y 2 = 2a

70