EXTENDED PROJECT REPORT

ON
DESIGN OF A HIGH GAIN integrated OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER using bipolar junction transistor
A Dissertation
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Under Tezpur University

Submitted by

Anupam Boro (Roll No. ELB10028)

Uttam Chetri (Roll No.ELB10059)
Chunchu Kartik (Roll No.ELB09046)

Guided by: Ms.Priyanka kakoti , Asst.prof.Dept. of ECE,school of

engineering,Tezpur University, Assam.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

School of Engineering, Tezpur University,
Tezpur-784028, Assam
November, 2013
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work presented in this dissertation has

been carried out by us and further, it has not been submitted in
part or whole to any institution or university for the award of any
degree or diploma.

(Anupam Boro) (Uttam Chetri) (Chunchu Kartik)

th th
(B.Tech 7 semester; (B.Tech 7 semester; (B.Tech 7th semester;
Tezpur University; Tezpur University; Tezpur University;
RollNo. ELB10028)) RollNo. ELB10059)) RollNo. ELB09046))

Date:

Place: Tezpur
 TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
(A Central University established by an act of Parliament)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMM. ENGG.
Napaam, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.

Ms. Priyanka Kakoty

Assistant Professor, Phone: 03712-27-5253
Dept. of E.C.E., Email id: priyankak@tezu.ernet.in
Tezpur University

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this thesis entitled Design of High gain Operational amplifier by
Anupam Boro (Roll No. ELB10028),Uttam Chetri(Roll No. ELB10059) and Chunchu
Kartik(Roll No.ELB09046 ) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at
Tezpur University, Tezpur, during the academic year 2013-14, is carried out under my guidance
and supervision. The work contained in this report has not been submitted elsewhere for a
degree.

Ms. Priyanka Kakoty

(Project Supervisor)
 TEZPUR UNIVERSITY
(A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NAPAAM, DIST: SONITPUR, PIN:784028
ASSAM, INDIA

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that we have examined this report on DESIGN OF HIGH GAIN
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS and here by accord or approve of it as a study carried out
and presented in a manner required for its acceptance and fulfillment for the Bachelor Degree
(Electronics and Communication Engineering) for which it has been submitted by

Anupam Boro (ELB10028)

Uttam Chetri (ELB10059)
Chunchu Kartik(ELB09046 )

This approval does not necessarily accept every statement made, opinion expressed or
conclusion drawn as recorded in this thesis. It only signifies the acceptance of this thesis for
which it has been submitted.

The Viva-Voce examination of above candidates of 7th semester B.Tech (Electronics and
Communication Engineering) of their project has been held on .. and
found satisfactory.

.
Signature of Head of Department Signature of Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We extend our sincere thanks to Miss Priyanka Kakoty, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Tezpur University for her guidance. We would also like to
sincerely thank Prof. J. C. Dutta (HOD Dept. of ECE) for his constant support and guidance.
Last but not the least, we express our heartfelt thanks to our parents, teachers, friends and our
well wishers for co-operation, which they were always ready to extend.
 Abstract
The dominance of microelectronics (VLSI) in every sphere of electronics and communications is
witnessed as the backbone of modern electronics industry. In recent years, there have been great
advancements in the speed, power and complexity of integrated circuits. Modern wireless and
wire line communication systems require high performance analogue base-band circuits. When it
comes to electronic tenability, operational amplifiers have proven to be the best candidate for
implementation. The main bottleneck in an analogue circuit is the operational amplifier.
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) serve as the basic building blocks in almost every analogue
and mixed-signal electronic circuit.
In linear integrated circuit design, design of a high gain (open loop) operational amplifier by
using less possible passive component is a important step so that op-amp can be designed in less
area and closed loop gain become nearly insensitive to its varying parameters like temperature,
frequency, mass production technique etc.
In our project entitled Design of High gain Operational Amplifier we have designed a
multistage BJT operational amplifier having 3 stages namely- Differential stage, Level Shifter
and the Output stage with less possible passive components. We have theoretically calculated
the various parameters of an operational amplifier as Gain, CMRR, Bandwidth etc .For
Simulation of our Circuit we used MULTISIM 12.0 (student version) software.
We have also practically calculated various parameters of an operational amplifier and found that
they are almost matched with the theoretically calculated values. For proper functioning of the
operational amplifier we have ensured that each transistor used does not enter saturation level.
 Table of Contents

Contents Page No.

1.Introduction 1-3
1.1 Background
1.2 Need of high gain op amp
2.Design of the circuit 3-13
2.1 Circuit Arrangement
2.2 DC Analysis
2.3 AC Analysis
2.4 Calculated Result
2.5 Simulation Result

3. Optimization and further increase in gain 13-14

4. Bibliography
 List of Tables

Table No. Page no.

1.Transistor Parameters 2

2.Calculated Parameters

3.Simulated Parameters
 List of Figures

Figures Page No.

1.Block diagram of a typical op amp

2.Circuit diagram of the op amp

3.Level shifter circuit

4. AC equivalent circuit of the differential stage

5.AC equivalent circuit for the output stage

6.Differential Output waveform

7.Waveform for slew rate measurement

8.Frequency response of the op amp