ASSIGNMENT #3 ICE (MDB-4133)

(SEPT 2017)
Q1. a. Isooctane ( is burned with 75% theoretical air in a small SI internal
combustion engine. Calculate:
i. Air-fuel ratio
ii. Fuel-air ratio
iii. Equivalence ratio
b. Methane ( is burned with 125% theoretical air in a small SI internal
combustion engine. Calculate:
i. Air-fuel ratio
ii. Fuel-air ratio
iii. Equivalence ratio

Q2. A four-cylinder engine of a light truck was modified to run on Propane fuel . A dry
analysis of the engine exhaust give the following volumetric percentages:
5.5%
9.5%
2.2%
Calculate the equivalence ratio at which the engine is operating.

Q3. The exhaust composition of a test engine is as follows:

12.2%; 7.5%; 78.1%; 3.5%; 0.05%; 0.02%;

300 ; 30 ; 320 ; 250 and 450

Determine:

a. The wet concentration in ppm of HC and NOx as would be indicated by heated

flame ionization and chemiluminescence detectors, respectively. (Assume the
FID responds to all carbon atoms equally.)
b. Dry concentrations of C02, 02 in percent, and CO in ppm.

c. Fuel-air equivalence ratio if the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel is 1.75.

Internal
Q4. If an engine has a bore of 0.l m, stroke of 0.08 m, inlet flow effective area of 4.0 x 10-4 m2
and inlet temperature of 320 K, what is the maximum speed it is intended to be operated
while maintaining good volumetric efficiency?

Q5. Figure Q5 shows an inlet valve opened to l/di = 0.25. If the stem is chosen to be ds = 0.15di
and the throat of the port is dt = 0.85di, what would be the flow coefficient based purely on
the geometrical blockage?

Figure Q5

Q6. (a) i. Calculate the ratios of the inlet valve area to piston area for the three configurations,
a, b, c in Figure Q6 recommended by Taylor (1985) as being the maximum feasible
for a flat cylinder head and show that the ratios are on the order of between 70% to
80%.

ii. Given that
and compute the maximum value of if is intended

to be about 1000 K for each case.

(b) If the inlet Mach index in each case is held to Zi = 0.6 and ci = 400 m/s, Ai = 0.35
ni(/4) (ni =number of intake valves), then what is the maximum piston speed in
each case?

Figure Q6

Internal
Q6. Determine the maximum flowrate through valves for the following cases:
Exhaust:
Case i)
Valve throat area = 2.7 10
Valve seat area flow coefficient = 0.6
Cylinder pressure = 500 kPa
Cylinder temperature = 1000 K
Exhaust Pressure = 105 kPa
Case ii)
Valve throat area = 2.7 10
Valve seat area flow coefficient = 0.6
Cylinder pressure = 200 kPa
Cylinder temperature = 1250 K
Exhaust Pressure = 110 kPa
Intake:
Case i)
Valve throat area = 3.6 10
Valve seat area flow coefficient = 0.65
Intake pressure = 110 kPa
Intake temperature = 310 K
Cylinder pressure = 100 kPa
Case ii)
Valve throat area = 3.6 10
Valve seat area flow coefficient = 0.65
Intake pressure = 210 kPa
Intake temperature = 310 K
Cylinder pressure = 100 kPa
Can this formula be used to predict the maximum turbocharger pressure?

HINT : Use 1.40 7.18 10 ; R = 287 J/kg K

Q7. An engine has a bore, b of 0.1 m and a stroke of s = 1.2 b. The inlet valve throat area is
3.6 10 . It has a maximum speed of 7000 rpm. The inlet air temperature is 330K.
Assume 1.4 and R = 287 J/kgK. And the average flow coefficient, f is 0.5. During
the intake, the intake valve is open 50 bTDC and closes 450 aBDC. Estimate the best
volumetric efficiency if the flow is not chocked.

Q8. Explain how unburned fuel can appear in the exhaust during the intake and exhaust
strokes.

Internal