www.elsevier.es/mindcomp
REVISIN
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mincom.2016.12.001
2445-4079/ 2017 Mindfulness & Compassion. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
48 M. Gasca, J. Garca Campayo
Results: The review included 16 articles that contained information on the neurological or
psychological foundations common to the eld of interest.
Conclusions: Although the data showed that there is a link between mindfulness and lucid
dreaming, more studies are needed to help conrm this relationship.
2017 Mindfulness & Compassion. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Tabla 1 The Metacognitive, Affective, and Cognitive Experience (MACE) Questionnarie (Kahan et al., 1997)
Q1 (Dimensin = Eleccin)
En algn momento has elegido actuar de forma distinta despus de considerar las diferentes opciones?
(Ej. Decid terminar la tarea en lugar de ir al cine)
Q6 (Dimensin = Emocin)
Has tenido alguna emocin durante la experiencia?
(Ej. Estaba enfadado con mi companero de piso mientras ordenaba la ropa)
sincrona de fase y una elevada actividad de frecuencia Tcnicas para el desarrollo del sueno lcido
especca en la banda gamma, en torno a los 40 Hz, espe-
cialmente en partes frontales y temporales del cerebro. Stumbrys, Erlacher, Schdlich y Schredl (2012) realizan una
De hecho, al estimular con ondas gamma de 40 Hz (tACS), revisin sistemtica para evaluar la efectividad de las dife-
se facilitaba la aparicin de suenos lcidos (Voss et al., rentes tcnicas de induccin de suenos lcidos. Las agrupan
2014). en tres categoras: tcnicas cognitivas, estimulacin externa
Dresler et al. (2012) mostraron que durante el sueno y utilizacin de drogas (tabla 2). Las tcnicas cognitivas
lcido, a diferencia del sueno REM ordinario, existe se basan en la hiptesis de continuidad, que deende que
una mayor dependencia del nivel de oxgeno sanguneo los estados onricos reejan experiencias de vigilia (Schredl
(BOLD) en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral derecha, y y Hofmann, 2003), y que los procesos cognitivos en el
en reas frontopolares bilaterales, relacionadas con fun- ciclo sueno/vigilia tambin tienen caractersticas comunes
ciones ejecutivas y procesos cognitivos complejos como (Kahan, LaBerge, Levitan y Zimbardo, 1997). Su objetivo
la metacognicin. Adems, los datos obtenidos por IRMf es aumentar la probabilidad de suenos lcidos mediante la
demostraron que las reas 9 y 10 de la corteza prefrontal mejora de habilidades cognitivas como la memoria prospec-
mostraban un incremento de actividad durante los suenos tiva (tcnica MILD), la autorreexin o la intencin. Con las
lcidos. tcnicas de estimulacin externa se pretende desencade-
Finalmente, Filevich, Dresler, Brick y Khn (2015), nar la lucidez en el sueno durante la fase REM, presentando
siguiendo esta lnea, sugieren que la corteza prefrontal y, en un estmulo visual, auditivo, tctil, etc. que podra ser
concreto, el rea 10, est relacionada con la funcin meta- incorporado en el sueno y reconocido por el sonador. La
cognitiva. Y concluyen que los suenos lcidos podran ser utilizacin de frmacos apunta a aumentar los niveles
una forma especca de metacognicin, ya que comparten colinrgicos en el cerebro para mejorar la lucidez en el
substrato neurolgico con la misma. sueno.
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