Deformation Monitoring Of Earthquake Fault in Yogyakarta Area,

Indonesia Using DinSAR Method

Introduction

Indonesia is located in "ring of fire" area and a meeting point of several tectonic plates, such as the
Eurasian Plate, Hindia-Australia Plate, Philippine Sea Plate and Pacific Plate. As a result of that,
myriad disasters occur in Indonesia. Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions happen a lot in
Indonesia. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive disasters that cause huge damage to
structures and human beings. Earthquakes may happen because of the displacement of the fault
caused by stress/force (deformation). Monitoring of displacement is important for predicting a
disaster pattern.

The methodology of this research will combine DinSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic
Aperture Radar) and GIS (Geography Information System) approach. Maps, Satellite Imageries,
and Digital Elevation Model have been used as base data. The objective of the research is to detect
the deformation of the fault using interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis and Geography
Information System (GIS) Approach. The analyzing is done by comparing the land area from two
satellite imageries to know the damage from an earthquake and the transformation of land use
after-disaster and DinSAR method to obtain information about the deformation of Yogyakarta
Area, especially Earthquake Fault. The method of DinSAR will combine two-pass interferometry
and Shuttle Radar Topography (SRTM) as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using SARScape
Software. The result of the research will be shown by maps and graph.

Literature Review

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active imaging system, which measures distance with
encoded phase signals in the same manner as GPS. An image can be produced based on geo-
referenced SAR measurements. By computing the phase difference from two SAR images of the
same region, it is possible to generate a radar interferogram. The interferogram contains
information about the topography, displacement, atmospheric disturbances, orbital errors, and
noise. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique allows generation of high
precision digital terrain data over a broad area, resulting in the production of digital elevation
model (DEM). Meanwhile, the differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) technique can be used
to determine earth-surface displacement and detect deformation arising from land subsidence,
earthquakes, volcanoes, or others (Hsieh, 2011).

Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) is a well established and relatively new Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR) technology that has gained a prominent role, in the last decades, in several
fields, ranging from geophysical to engineering, from commercial to civil protection purposes.
Measurements of direction and magnitude of landslides phenomena, monitoring of subsidence
movements due to natural events or human activity (i.e.: under surface water extraction), are some
examples of DInSAR applications (www.metasensing-group.com).

Another way to detect deformation more precisely is using global positioning system (GPS) and
differential leveling. GPS measurement offers a high-precision control point (vary according to
measurement period and software for processing) to a millimeter and that result to more precise
deformation monitoring, However, they are limited and less efficient compared to DinSAR
method, since they are in the form of either point or line. To this respect, for analyzing the active
deformation of much larger area, it is appropriate to integrate geodetic measurements with
DInSAR.
Study Objectives

1. To obtain the information about deformation in earthquake fault in Yogyakarta Area

2. To produce a map of land use transformation after-disaster
3. To analyze and predict the earthquake pattern

Methodology

The Methodology will combine GIS and SAR, particularly DinSAR. GIS method is used to obtain
the damage that happened after the disaster while SAR method is used to monitor the deformation
and predict the earthquake pattern.

A. Material :
1. Two different data TerraSAR X (pre and post-disaster)
2. maps of Yogyakarta Area (i.e Landuse Map)
3. SRTM for Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
B. Software :
1. SARScape
2. ArcGIS, and
3. Microsoft Office.

The flowchart will be explained in Figure I :

Literature Review

Data Collecting

Dinsar Method ArcGIS Method

Landuse Map,
SAR dataset population
density Map

Processing Weighting

Deformation Map Damage Analysis

Result : Map and Graph

Analysis

Figure I. Flowchart
Description of Chapters
1. Introduction
This chapter will give detail on background, problem, hypotheses, research objectives,
limitations, research timeline, and a brief description of research methodology and flow-
charts.
2. Literature Review
This chapter will describe theories related to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Deformation
and previous research related to deformation and DinSAR methods.
3. Methodology
This chapter will give the explanation of flow-charts and methodology of research. From
material, and preliminary data (primer and secondary), as well as hardware and software
which will be used for research.
4. Research Practical and Result
This chapter will give the results of each data processing, from analyzing the change in
land use to deformation.
5. Conclusion
This chapter will contain the conclusions of the project.
6. Reference
This chapter will contain citations of the dissertation.

Reference

Chini, Marco, 2009. Earthquake Damage Mapping Techniques Using SAR and Optical Remote
Sensing Satellite Data, Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Gary Jedlovec
(Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-005-6, InTech Europe.
Hsieh, Chia-Sheng, et all, 2011. Using differential SAR interferometry to map land subsidence: a
case study in the Pingtung Plain of SW Taiwan. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
2011 Nat Hazards DOI 10.1007/s11069-011-9734-7.
Sutikno, 2007. Earthquake Disaster Of Yogyakarta And Central Java, And Disaster Reduction,
Indonesia. Geography Forum, Vol. 21, No. 1, Juli 2007: 1 16.
Wilson, T.; Kaye, G., Stewart, C. and Cole, J. 2007. Impacts of the 2006 eruption of Merapi
volcano, Indonesia, on agriculture and infrastructure. GNS Science Report 2007/07 69p.
Yastika, P.E, N. Shimizu (Yamaguchi University). 2016. Applications of DInSAR for Ground
Surface Deformation Measurements-Case Studies of Subsidence Measurements and
Deformation Detections Due to an Earthquake. The 37th West Japan Symposium on
Rock Engineering 2016.