Rateofreactionisindependentofconcentration

Ifthereactantsarepresentintheirstoichimetric ratios

ForreactantsAandBatanytime
Halflifeofthereactiont1/2:timeneededfortheconcentration
ofreactantstodroptoonehalfoftheoriginalvalue
 Fractionalconversioningiventime:

RiseswithincreasedCA0fororders>1

DropswithincreasedCA0fororders<1

IndependentofCA0fororder=1

Theconcentrationofreactantdropsto
anyvalueF=CA/CA0 intimetF
kvaluesneedtobefound
Totalrateofrxn =Sumofuncatalyzed andcatalyzedrxns
Applying

Constant=
Therateisdeterminedbythefirstreactionstep

Therateisdeterminedbythesecondreactionstep
FractionalconversionofAatequilibriumconditions:
 Substitute

In

ConversionsintermsofXAe integration

Irreversiblefirstorderkinetics
IntegratedrateequationforAandBareidentical
Fortherateofreaction
Forisothermalconstantpressureoperationsofreactionshavingsinglestoichiometry:

Volumeislinearlyrelatedtotheconversion
Weknowthat

Relationshipbetweenconversionandconcentrationforisothermalvarying
volumesystems
Differentialmethodofanalysisforisothermalvaryingvolumedata:

Plot Vs logCA
Integralmethodofanalysisforisothermalvaryingvolumedata:

integrating
Integralmethodofanalysisforisothermalvaryingvolumedata:

Andintegrating
Integralmethodofanalysisforisothermalvaryingvolumedata:

Andintegrating
 Compositionwithinthereactorisuniform:
wholereactorwillbeconsideredasoneelement

Compositionisnotuniform:integrationofvariousdifferentialvolumeelements
Fornonisothermaloperations
PerformanceEquations

Unsteadystateoperation

Atanyinstantcomposition
throughoutthereactorisuniform
Plugflowreactor(PFR)

Noelementoffluidovertaking
ormixingwithanyother
elementaheadorbehind

Nomixingordiffusionalongthe
flowpath

Residencetimeinthereactor
tobethesameforall
elementsoffluid
MixedFlowreactor(MFR/CSTR)

Allcontentsarewellstirred
anduniformthroughout

Exitstreamfromthisreactorhas
thesamecompositionasthefluid
withinthereactor

ForhomogeneoussystemsV:volumeofreactor/fluid

Forheterogeneoussystems

Internalvolumeofreactor

voidage
Ifdensityofthefluidremainsconstant
Volumeofreactingmixtureischanginglinearlywithconversion
molarfeedrateofcomponentAtothereactor
PerformanceexpressionforconstantdensitysysteminMFR
Forfirstorderkinetics
PerformanceexpressionforconstantdensitysysteminMFR
Forfirstorderkinetics
Volumeislinearlyrelatedtotheconversion
Volumeislinearlyrelatedtotheconversion
Foragivendutytheratioofsizesofmixedandplugflowreactorsdependon:

Extentofreaction
Stoichiometry
Formoftherateequation
Forarateexpressionofnthorder

Performanceequationofmixedflowreactor
Volumeislinearlyrelatedtotheconversion
ForPlugflowreactor

Dividing
WhichisequaltoconversionasasinglePFRwithvolumeV
Plugflowreactorsinparallel
Plugflowreactorsinparallel
Howtofindtheoutletconversionfromagivenreactorsystem

Howtofindthebestsetuptoachieveagivenconversion
Findtheminimumsizeoftwomixedflowreactorsinseries
toachieveaspecifiedconversionoffeed
Knownkinetics
Forn>1(ra vsXisConcave)
PFR,SmallMFR,BigMFR

Forn<1(ra vsXisConvex)

BigMFR,SmallMFR,PFR

Rateconcentrationcurvepassesthroughamaximumorminimum
Conversionratedesiredandreactorunitsavailabledecidesthearrangement
ForXA1
Istheonlyfactorwhichcanbeadjustedforcontrolledproductionofdesiredproduct
WhetherAshouldbekepthighorlow
Requirement:rateequationsfortheindividualreactions
Typeofflowforbestproductdistribution