Elc DG 401

Chevron Data Sheet Guide ELC-DG-401
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

DATA SHEET ELC-DS-401
DATA SHEET GUIDE ELC-DG-401

November 1991 Page 1 of 14


CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................3
2.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................3
3.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................3
4.0 SEE ELECTRICAL MANUAL FOR APPLICABLE STANDARDS....................................3
5.0 USER'S DATA SHEET GUIDELINES ................................................................................3

A. Rating ....................................................................................................................................3
B. Operating Data .......................................................................................................................5
C. Construction...........................................................................................................................6
D. Data to be Provided by Vendor................................................................................................9
E. Accessories............................................................................................................................9
F. Testing................................................................................................................................. 11
G. General Specifications ..........................................................................................................14
H. Notes...................................................................................................................................14
Page 2 of 14 November 1991


1.0 PURPOSE
This Data Sheet Guide provides instructions on how to complete the Transformer Data Sheet (ELC-
DS-401). It helps with simple decisions. The Electrical Manual contains all data tables and
background. The section numbers of this Data Sheet Guide correspond to the Data Sheet line
numbers.
2.0 SCOPE
This Transformer Data Sheet (ELC-DS-401) covers requirements for dry-type and liquid- immersed
type transformers.
3.0 REFERENCES
ELC-DS-401 Transformer Data Sheet
C57 ANSI/EEE Standard
4.0 SEE ELECTRICAL MANUAL FOR APPLICABLE STANDARDS.
5.0 USER'S DATA SHEET GUIDELINES
Before filling out the Data Sheet, write the transformer identification number in the blank above the
columns labeled "high voltage/low voltage" (use a maximum of two transformers per Data Sheet).
A. Rating
A.1 Capacity (Continuous Self-Cooled Rating)
Normally the rating is already provided on a one-line diagram. Specify rating in kVA
(for example 1000 kVA.) See Section 100, "System Design", of the Electrical
Manual for standard kVA ratings and sizing information and Section 800,
"Transformers," of the Electrical Manual for selection and sizing information.
A.2 Rated Circuit Voltage
Secondary voltage is determined by the load characteristics, equipment availability,

and plant preference. Primary voltage is generally determined by available plant or
source voltages. Specify voltage in volts.


A.3 Connection of Windings
The recommended three-phase connection is delta primary and wye secondary. See
Section 100, "System Design," of the Electrical Manual for explanations and facts
concerning the different types of connections. This information should be on the one-
line diagram. Enter a "D" for delta and a "Y" for wye to indicate one type of
connection.
A.4 Frequency
Indicate normal operating frequency. (50 or 60 Hertz depending on country. 60 Hertz

in USA.) On isolated systems, if frequency is subject to extensive fluctuation,
indicate the plus and minus percentage of expected fluctuation from nominal
frequency. (Normally 60 3 Hz for offshore with self-generated power.)
A.5 Phase
Indicate whether the transformer is to be single-phase or three-phase. Indicate this

with the symbol 1f or 3f.
A.6 Temperature Rise
It is recommended to specify oil immersed distribution and power transformers with a

dual self-cooled temperature rise of 55/65C at full load. The 55/65C transformer
has a dual rating (for example, 1000/1120 kVA) which provides 12% more capacity
than a standard 55C rise transformer for about 5% more cost. The additional
capacity allows flexibility for future expansion.
It is recommended to specify 150C as maximum temperature rise for standard dry-

type transformers. There are also 80C and 115C rises. Make certain you do not
confuse insulation class with temperature rise. Enter the desired temperature rise in
the blank. See Section 833, "Temperature Rise," of the Electrical Manual for more
information.
A.7 Rating with Fans Installed
The fan-cooled rating should be specified on transformers purchased with cooling

fans. See Section 800, of the Electrical Manual for data on typical percentage rating
increases for forced cooling. Enter the value of the self-cooled rating (the value filled
in for A.1) times the percentage increase (See Figure 800-2). For example, 1000
kVA x 1.12 (percent increase for 55/65C transformer) = 1120 kVA is the self-cooled
rating. The same transformer with fans will be rated 1120 kVA x 1.15 = 1288 kVA
(this is the value to place in A.7 if fans are included).


A.8 Basic Impulse Level
The basic impulse level voltage (BIL) specifies the type of insulation required to
safely withstand voltage spikes due to lightning strikes or switching transients.
Standard BIL values for various nominal system voltages are listed in Section 845,
"Basic Impulse Level (BIL)" of the Electrical Manual. Enter a value from the table in
Section 845.
A.9 Impedance - Special Requirements
Typically, use standard impedance. Fill in the blank with the percent value. See
Section 100, "System Design," of the Electrical Manual for reasons to specify non-
standard values. Strike out "Special Requirements" if using standard impedance and
vice-versa for special impedance.
B. Operating Data
B.1 Ambient Temperature
Ambient temperatures exceeding 40C maximum and 30C average over a 24-hour
period require special design consideration. (See Section 833, "Temperature Rise,"
of the Electrical Manual.) Also, insulating liquid startup temperatures below minus
20C are not considered usual service conditions. Specify the ambient temperature in
degrees celsius.
B.2 Altitude
Due to the reduced heat transfer capability of air at higher altitudes, transformers to
be used above 3300 feet (1000 meters) must either be derated or provided with extra
cooling equipment. (See Section 834, "Altitude," of the Electrical Manual. Leave
blank if below 3300 feet.)
B.3 Average Load
The average kVA load should be the steady state load of motors (not startup loads)
and other loads. If load is intermittent or variable, use a time-weighted average. Do
not average in time when the transformer is not energized, but do include periods of
no load when the transformer remains energized. Enter the value obtained by dividing
the average load by the full load times 100%.
B.4 Evaluation Factor (EF)
Recommend using for transformers larger than 500 kVA. The Evaluation Factor (EF)
is the cost in dollars of a kilowatt of power at the installation location over the
transformer or project life.


EF = C x N x PWF
The energy cost (C) is the cost of electricity in $/KWH where the transformer is being
installed.
N equals the yearly operating time in hours that the transformer is expected to
operate.
The present worth factor (PWF) given on the Data Sheet is used to convert yearly
energy costs to a present worth basis. It is based on projected equipment life, interest
rates, inflation, and company expected return on investment. Although changes in
economic conditions can affect the present worth factor, the PWF of 4, used on the
Data Sheet, will provide consistent comparison between transformers. Enter the
calculated EF value, which will be in $/KW.
B.5 Area Classification
Specify either a nonhazardous (unclassified) area or a classified area, showing Class,

Division, and Group. To determine area classification see Section 300, "Area
Classification," of the Electrical Manual.
C. Construction
C.1 Class
Indicate the class of transformer construction required by using codes on the Data
Sheet or additional codes if needed. The first letter of the code indicates if the
transformer is a dry-type (A) or liquid immersed (O). The letter A following the first
letter indicates a self-cooled transformer (that is, cooled only by natural air
circulation). The letter W following the first letter, indicates a water-cooled
transformer.
Liquid-immersed transformers may also be forced-oil cooled (FO). Class codes

separated by a slash indicate different ratings under different conditions. For
example, OA/FA/FOA transformers have three different ratings, self cooled (A),
forced air with fans turned on (FA), and fans and oil pumps on (FOA). See Section
851, "Auxiliary Cooling," of the Electrical Manual for a list of the different classes
and their meaning. Fill in the blank with the type of class desired. (For example,
OA/FFA.)
C.2 Service
Indicate the type of transformer by crossing out the unwanted types. Some power
loads such as motors, require high starting currents and operate at a lagging power
factor. Lighting loads do not require high starting current and operate close to unity


power factor. Instrument loads are similar to lighting loads but must be segregated to
minimize electrical interference. Any other unusual applications should be noted
(such as a single motor on a captive transformer). When a captive transformer is
specified, give the number of starts per hour, motor inrush current, and kVA of the
motor. See Section 814, "Transformer Types," of the Electrical Manual.
C.3 Enclosure for Installation
State if the transformer is to be located indoors or outdoors. Additional

classifications include marine/oil rig and hazardous (classified) environments. See
ANSI/NFPA 70, Section 450 for the requirements of transformer installation in
enclosures.
C.4 High Voltage No-Load Taps (See C.14 for Load Taps)
Standard no-load tap settings consist of two 2 1/2% steps above and two 2 1/2%
steps below nominal voltage. This provides a full 5% voltage correction above and
below nominal. If required, tap settings which allow up to 10-15% voltage correction
in one direction are available. See Section 800, "Transformers," of the Electrical
Manual for further information.
Fill in the blank with the quantity of taps (normally two) above and below nominal
voltage and the percentage step of each tap. For example, one would enter two, 2
1/2% in the above blank and the same for the below blank.
C.5 Mounting
Fill in the blank with information on how the transformer is to be mounted.
C.6 Bushings
Provide information regarding whether bushings are to be mounted on the cover (or
top) of the transformer, on the wall, or on one side. Bushing location will be
determined by the conductor layout in the vicinity of the transformer. Cover bushings
are used for top connections from overhead lines. Wall bushings are used when
conduit and wire, armored cable, or bus duct connections are made.
C.7 Connectors
Spade-type connectors should be specified for medium voltage cables and low
voltage cables larger than AWG #2/0. Bolted-clamp terminals may be specified for
low voltage cables smaller than AWG #3/0. Cross out "no" if you want the
manufacturer to supply the connectors and vice versa. Fill in the blank with the type
of connector desired.


C.8 Conductors
Conductor type and size should be indicated in order for the manufacturer to supply
proper size connectors and terminations. Cross out the undesired types of conductors
and materials.
C.9 Terminal Enclosures
Indicate if a throat enclosure or a junction box is to be used. A throat is used for bus
duct connections and a junction box is used for connections with cable. The size of
the junction box must allow for cable connections without exceeding the bend radius
restrictions of the cable used. Specify the minimum distance in inches in the junction
box. API RP 14F does not allow bus duct in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) area.
C.10 Conduit Hubs
The number and size of the conduit hubs is determined by the number and size of
cable and conduit required to carry power to or from the transformer. If not required,
indicate "none" on the Data Sheet.
C.11 Termination
Cross out the type of terminations that are not to be used. Heat shrinkable
terminations can be used up to 15 kV. Above 15 kV, potheads are used. Dirty
environments may require special considerations. Also, indicate whether terminations
are to be supplied by the manufacturer.
C.12 Special Painting Requirements
State unusual conditions that require special paint such as marine or corrosive
environments. If a special color is required, this should be specified. If required
paint specifications are known, include this information. If there are no special paint
requirements, specify "manufacturer's standard."
C.13 Tertiary Winding
Normally not required; leave blank unless specifically required. See Section 800,
"Transformers," of the Electrical Manual for information on tertiary windings.
C.14 Load Tap Changing
Normally not required; leave blank unless specifically required. Indicate here if tap
changing under load is required. Most load tap changers vary taps in small discrete
steps. Indicate percentage range but do not include number of steps.


D. Data to be Provided by Vendor
When initially completing Data Sheet, leave this section blank. Vendor will complete this
section as part of the bid.
E. Accessories
Indicate yes or no, plus additional data for each item.
E.1 Specify the area classification (non-hazardous, Class I, Division 1, Class I, Division
2) on line B.5 in order to have the accessories mounted in the proper enclosures.
Transformers are usually installed in non-hazardous areas.
E.1.A Oil Level Gage
An oil level gage should be supplied on all oil-filled transformers. Alarm

contacts should be supplied on transformers rated 5 MVA or greater. Site
requirements for transformer reliability will determine if alarm contacts are
required on smaller transformers.
E.1.B Thermometer
A dial-type thermometer should be provided on all oil-filled transformers.

Alarm contacts should be provided on 5 MVA or greater. Expected ambient
temperatures, transformer load factor and the criticality of load served by the
transformer will determine if alarm contacts are required on smaller
transformers.
E.1.C Pressure-Vacuum Gage
A pressure-vacuum gage should be installed on all oil-filled transformers.

Alarm contacts should be provided on transformers rated 10 MVA or greater.
E.1.D Pressure-Relief Diaphragm
This is recommended on all oil-filled transformers. The pressure-relief

diaphragm prevents high pressure in oil-filled transformers from rupturing the
transformer container. Instead, the diaphragm relieves the pressure.
E.1.E Stainless Steel Diagrammatic Nameplate
Indicate whether stainless steel is to be used for nameplates.


E.1.F Sampling Device
A device for oil sampling should be required on all oil-filled transformers.
E.2.A Pressure Regulator
Specify if a continuous nitrogen blanket is required. A pressure regulating

system is usually required on transformers 10 MVA or larger.
E.2.B Provisions for Future-Cooling Fans
It is recommended to specify provisions for future-cooling fans.

Transformers normally are not specified with fans at initial installation. On
transformers of less than 1000 kVA, provisions for future-cooling fans may
not be practical and need not be specified.
E.2.C Cooling Fan Voltage
If a large transformer or unusual ambient conditions require fans, indicate

operating voltage of fan motors. As stated in instructions for Item E.2.B,
cooling fans are not normally supplied at the initial installation. Fan motor
voltage is usually determined by the voltage of the power sources convenient
to the fans and is typically 115 or 230 volts, single-phase.
If forced oil cooling is to be provided, indicate the pump voltage (with an

appropriate note). Forced oil pump motors are usually 460 volt, three-phase.
E.2.D Sudden Pressure Relay
Sudden pressure relays are recommended on transformers rated 10 MVA or

greater. A sudden pressure relay provides detection of transformer internal
faults. The relay responds to rapid increases in transformer internal pressure
caused by arcing, but is not affected by slow pressure variations due to load
changes, ambient temperature changes, system short-circuits, impulse
voltages, or inrush currents.
E.2.E Neutral CT
A bushing type current transformer should be provided on grounded three-

phase transformers when the signal from the CT is required to operate a
protective relay. The required ratio of the CT is determined when preparing
the protective relay coordination scheme. For multi-ratio (MR) CTs, all
secondaries must be wired to a terminal box and clearly tagged.


E.2.F Grounding Resistor
Three-phase wye-connected transformers with resistance grounded

secondaries should be provided with a grounding resistor rated to
continuously carry approximately five amperes for high resistance grounding
or approximately 400 amperes for 10 seconds, for low resistance grounding.
Sizing is discussed in Section 100, "System Design," of the Electrical
Manual. The grounding resistor for high resistance grounding systems is
usually provided with the switchgear or MCC.
E.2.G Three Bushing CTs
Generally, these are supplied with the switchgear except for primary CTs
used for differential relay protection or utility company metering. A current
transformer on each of the three phases is needed when the signals from the
CTs are to be used for metering or are used to operate protective relays. For
multi-ratio (MR) CTs, all secondaries must be wired to a terminal box and
clearly tagged.
E.2.H Surge Capacitors/Lightning Arrestors
Lightning arrestors should be specified on the primary of all transformers

supplied by an overhead power line and on the secondary of all transformers
feeding overhead lines. Surge capacitors may be required in high lightning
areas or on systems subject to high transients. Check local practice.
F. Testing. Indicate yes or no for each item.
F.1.A Winding Resistance
This test is recommended on all transformers. It provides information

required to calculate the I2R component of transformer losses. The
information is also used to calculate winding temperatures during the
temperature test.
F.1.B Ratio
This test should be required on all transformers. The winding ratio test
confirms that the transformer windings have the proper number of turns to
provide the voltages required. On transformers with tap changers, the ratio
test should be performed at each tap setting.


F.1.C Polarity and Phase Relationship
Polarity and phase relationship tests confirm the required phase relationship
between the primary and secondary windings. It is especially important when
two or more transformers are to be operated in parallel. These tests should
be performed on all three-phase transformers. (For single-phase transformers,
the phase relationship test is not applicable.)
F.1.D No-Load Losses and Exciting Current
This test should be performed on transformers 500 kVA or greater. The no-
load loss test is important because it measures losses in the transformer
whenever it is energized, regardless of whether it is carrying a load or not.
These losses have an impact on the economics of a transformer.
The exciting current test is used to verify that the core design and its
performance are satisfactory. The excitation current of a transformer is the
current which maintains the magnetic flux excitation in the core of the
transformer. The exciting current test and no-load loss are determined from
the same test setup.
F.1.E Impedance and Load Loss
These tests should be performed on all transformers rated greater than 500
kVA. The load loss test determines losses that are approximately
proportional to the load being carried. This also affects the economics of a
transformer. The impedance test confirms the transformer's voltage
regulation and ability to limit short-circuit current values. For transformers
rated 500 kVA or less, test data from duplicate units can substitute for
individual unit testing.
F.1.F Applied and Induced Potential
These tests should be performed on all transformers. The applied potential

test confirms the condition of the insulation between windings and between
windings and ground. The induced potential test checks the insulation
between turns on the windings.
F.1.G Temperature
This is usually not required on individual transformers. The temperature test

confirms that the transformer will carry load at the rated temperature rise.
Due to the time required for winding temperatures to stabilize and the time
for the transformer to come up to load, this is an expensive and
time-consuming test. Test data on an identical unit is acceptable.


F.2.A Impulse
Impulse tests simulate the effect of lightning strikes on the insulation of

transformers. Impulse tests are not usually performed on individual
transformers. They are used in the development of new transformers.
The full wave test is the least severe impulse test. It simulates a disturbance
some distance from the transformer that travels through the transmission line
to the transformer. If impulse testing is required, this test will usually suffice.
The chopped wave test is more severe and simulates a disturbance that
travels to the transformer and flashes over near the transformer.
Transformer reaction to the chopped wave and full wave are different. The
longer duration of the full wave induces high voltage stress throughout the
winding, turn-to-turn, layer-to-layer, as well as between the winding and
ground. The chopped wave is of shorter duration, and induces higher stresses
on insulation for the turn-to-turn and layer-to-layer.
The most severe impulse testing is front of wave. It is required only for
substation transformers subject to a direct lightning strike. The front of wave
test simulates a direct or close lightning strike with a fast voltage rise and fast
decay due to flashover. The peak amplitude of the wave is greater than both
the full and chopped wave tests.
If impulse tests are required, specify which tests are desired. New designs
should be tested by all three methods, but standard production transformers
should not require these tests unless local conditions are such that large
system disturbances are frequent.
F.2.B Insulation Resistance
The insulation test (or megohmmeter test) is required on all transformers.

The megohmmeter test should be performed on the rated voltage tap and at
the tap extremes for the first unit of a new design. This test is used as an
indication of the dryness of the insulation. This test can detect ground faults
that may exist in the transformer.
F.2.C Insulation Power Factor
This test is usually not required. The insulation power factor test is another
test of the condition of the transformer insulation. Factory test data may be
desired for comparison to field data. This test measures the capacitance
between windings and between windings and ground.


F.2.D Sound Level
Noise level limitations may be required due to transformer proximity to

personnel, or to meet local noise codes. If published data on transformer
noise levels is substantially below required limits, sound level tests are not
required. If the projected noise level of the transformer is close to the noise
limits or verification of the noise level is required by local codes, sound level
tests may be required.
F.2.E Short-Circuit Capability
This test is primarily used to confirm new designs and usually is not required
on individual transformers. Short-circuit capability tests are performed to
confirm that a transformer can withstand short-circuit stresses.
F.3 Witness Test Required
The decision to witness transformer testing should be based on the size and criticality
of the transformer. Larger transformers whose failure would shut down a process,
should have tests witnessed. Load and no-load losses on larger transformers have a
large economic impact. These tests should be witnessed. Any required optional tests
in Section F2 should be witnessed. If a temperature test of the individual transformer
is required, this should be witnessed.
The testing of smaller transformers per Section F1, does not need to be witnessed.
F.4 Certified Test Results Required
Certified test results of all specified tests should be required. Test results should
include data from duplicate unit tests where this is allowed as a substitute for
individual unit tests.
G. General Specifications
Make certain that the Vendor completes Section D.
H. Notes
H.1 Use this equation to evaluate bids.
H.2 This penalty clause is used to help ensure that the Vendor meets the guaranteed
losses.

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Chevron Data Sheet Guide ELC-DG-401

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

DATA SHEET GUIDE ELC-DG-401

November 1991 Page 1 of 14

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................3

2.0 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................3

4.0 SEE ELECTRICAL MANUAL FOR APPLICABLE STANDARDS....................................3

5.0 USER'S DATA SHEET GUIDELINES ................................................................................3

Page 2 of 14 November 1991

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

ELC-DS-401 Transformer Data Sheet

C57 ANSI/EEE Standard

4.0 SEE ELECTRICAL MANUAL FOR APPLICABLE STANDARDS.

5.0 USER'S DATA SHEET GUIDELINES

A.1 Capacity (Continuous Self-Cooled Rating)

A.2 Rated Circuit Voltage

Secondary voltage is determined by the load characteristics, equipment availability,

November 1991 Page 3 of 14

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

A.3 Connection of Windings

Indicate normal operating frequency. (50 or 60 Hertz depending on country. 60 Hertz

Indicate whether the transformer is to be single-phase or three-phase. Indicate this

A.6 Temperature Rise

It is recommended to specify oil immersed distribution and power transformers with a

It is recommended to specify 150C as maximum temperature rise for standard dry-

A.7 Rating with Fans Installed

The fan-cooled rating should be specified on transformers purchased with cooling

Page 4 of 14 November 1991

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

A.8 Basic Impulse Level

A.9 Impedance - Special Requirements

B.1 Ambient Temperature

B.3 Average Load

B.4 Evaluation Factor (EF)

November 1991 Page 5 of 14

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

B.5 Area Classification

Specify either a nonhazardous (unclassified) area or a classified area, showing Class,

Liquid-immersed transformers may also be forced-oil cooled (FO). Class codes

Page 6 of 14 November 1991

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

C.3 Enclosure for Installation

State if the transformer is to be located indoors or outdoors. Additional

Fill in the blank with information on how the transformer is to be mounted.

November 1991 Page 7 of 14

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

C.9 Terminal Enclosures

C.10 Conduit Hubs

C.12 Special Painting Requirements

C.13 Tertiary Winding

C.14 Load Tap Changing

Page 8 of 14 November 1991

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING TRANSFORMER

D. Data to be Provided by Vendor

Indicate yes or no, plus additional data for each item.

E.1.A Oil Level Gage

An oil level gage should be supplied on all oil-filled transformers. Alarm

A dial-type thermometer should be provided on all oil-filled transformers.

E.1.C Pressure-Vacuum Gage

A pressure-vacuum gage should be installed on all oil-filled transformers.

E.1.D Pressure-Relief Diaphragm

This is recommended on all oil-filled transformers. The pressure-relief