CHAPTER III

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data

gathered in this study.

Ideal Practices in Conducting the College Student Council (CSC)

Election along Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase
and Post-Election Phase

The following tables present the ideal practices in conducting the

College Student Council (CSC) election along:

Pre-Election Phase under Composition of Election Committee

Table 2 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under

composition of election committee.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under composition of election

committee as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f)

of 55. This means that all of the persons involved under pre-election

phase must observe these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth

flow of election process.

 27

The same table reflected that the ideal practice in which the

Election Committee is composed of one (1) Chairman and (6)

Table 2. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Composition of Election Committee

A. Composition of Election Committee f DE

1. The Election Committee is composed of the CSC 58 N

Adviser as Chairman and six (6) Commissioners;
specifically, three (3) employees of SLC and three (3)
bona fide students of SLC who represent the three (3)
Departments and the Criminology students.
2. The six (6) Commissioners are appointed in writing 56 N
by the CSC Adviser with the concurrence of the CSC
Executive Body.
3. The three (3) appointed students are not subject to 49 N
re-appointment for succeeding elections.
4. The Election Committee is collaborated with the 57 N
Student Affairs Office (SAO) and the College Student
Council (CSC).
Over-all Frequency (f) 55 N

Legend: f= Frequency, DE=Descriptive Equivalence, N= Needed

Commissioners got the highest frequency (f) of 58. This means that on a

certain activity or event, there is a need to have a committee or group

that will serve as the head in order to pursue its goals and objectives.

From this committee, it should be well-represented according to the

persons involved and according to their skills to handle different tasks.

According to Clarke (Managing Together: A Guide to Working Effectively

as a Committee), the structure of the group must define who is

 28

accountable to whom for what. It includes the shape of the organization,

the roles within it, the rules, the procedures and policies it adopts.

Without a committee, a group of people are unlikely to achieve their

aims. Lack of clarity about who is doing what or even why and no follow-

up on decisions or work can result in time being wasted. There is often

no consistent policy. Without a committee, it can be difficult to deal with

problems because there is no agreed method. This hinders participation

and makes it difficult for new people to become involved. This also

implies that members of the election committee create the structure of

the group in order to use the resources to carry out its plan and

objectives.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the three (3)

appointed students are not subject to re-appointment for succeeding

elections got the lowest frequency (f) of 49.

Pre-Election Phase under Functions of Election Committee

Table 3 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under the

functions of election committee.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under the functions of election

 29

committee as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f)

of 57. This means that all of the persons involved under pre-election

Table 3. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Functions of Election Committee

B. Functions of Election Committee f DE

1. The Election Committee supervises and regulates 58 N

the conduct and procedures of CSC election in
accordance with the guidelines.
2. The committee enforces and administers all laws 56 N
and regulations relative to the conduct of an election,
plebiscite or recall.
3. The committee decides to all questions affecting 53 N
elections, including determination of the campaign
period, date of election and the number and location
of polling places and appointment of election officials
and inspectors consistent with the provisions of
College Student Council Constitution-and-by-Laws.
4. The committee arranges sufficient publicity for all 57 N
elements of the election.
5. The committee ensures that all candidates meet
the requirements to run for office, as stated in Article 58 N
Six (VI), Sections One (I) to Seven (VII) of the
Constitution-and-by-Laws of the College Student
Council under the Student Handbook.
6. The committee prepares the ballots and ensures 58 N
the staffing of polling stations during the election.
7. The committee settles disputes relating to 58 N
campaign, returns and other election matters, with
the concurrence of the Student Affairs Office.
8. The committee upholds the integrity of elections. 58 N
9. The committee performs other functions as may be 58 N
necessary.
Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N
 30

phase must these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of

election process.

The same table reflected that six (6) ideal practices got the highest

frequency (f) of 58 and rated as needed to be practice. The first ideal

practice that got the highest frequency refers to one of the functions of

election committee which is to supervise and regulate the conduct and

procedures of CSC election in accordance with the guidelines. This

means that in order to achieve their objective which is to have a safe,

orderly and fair election, the committee needs to strictly implement the

rules in conducting the election and make sure that all individuals

concerned are abiding on it. These rules are in accordance with the

institutions rules and regulations. According to ACE Electoral Knowledge

Network, strict implementation of rules sought to achieve the

characteristics of good electoral practices which are freedom, fairness,

equity, integrity, voting secrecy, transparency, effectiveness,

sustainability, service-orientation, efficiency, impartiality, and

accountability. Rules are implemented for the good of society and not for

its downfall side. They are created to be followed. Rules set the standards

and behaviors of individuals in a certain environment. It supports the

study of Burns and Machado (2014) that rules justify or criticize for what
 31

should or should not be done. In normative or cognitive order,

individuals may follow rules and try to ensure that others follow them

because the rules fit into a cognitive frame for organizing their

perceptions and making sense of what is going on. These rules are

typically backed up by specific social sanctions and designated agents

assigned the responsibility and authority to enforce the rules. There are

varieties of social controls and sanctions in any social group or

organization which are intended to induce or motivate individuals to

adhere to or follow rules. From this, rules need to have a strict

implementation because these are useless if it is not implemented.

Failure to abide it constitute to consequences or penalties. From these

rules, we need an authority to have the power in implementing it in order

for the people to abide on these rules.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency refers

to one of the functions of election committee which is to ensure that all

candidates meet the requirements to run for office. This means that the

committee need to check if interested individuals possess the

qualifications of candidates as stated under Article VI of the Constitution

of the College Student Council of Saint Louis College. The candidates

should be physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually prepared in

order for them to face the different tasks and functions of being a CSC
 32

officer. The CSC officers are considered as role model to its fellow

students. They should exemplify a student with good grades and have no

derogatory record.

The third ideal practice that also got the highest frequency refers to

one of the functions of election committee which is to prepare the ballots

and to ensure the staffing of polling stations during election. This means

that the committee needs to make sure that they produce sufficient

number of ballots for students to be given during Mayoral Election, with

a stamp marked and signed by the incumbent officers of the College

Student Council at the back to avoid. Moreover, the committee needs to

assign individuals to perform a certain functions or responsibilities for

the efficient and smooth flow of election process and to have enough

manpower.

The fourth ideal practice that also got the highest frequency refers

to one of the functions of election committee which is to settle disputes

relating to campaign, returns and other election matters, with

concurrence of the Student Affairs Office. This means that the committee

has a general supervisory power to handle conflicts, protests and

complaints, together with the Student Affairs Office. All violations

committed by the candidates, student voters, watchers, tellers and all

persons involved in electoral process are address to the committee.

 33

The fifth ideal practice that also got the highest frequency refers to

one of the functions of election committee which is to uphold the

integrity of elections. This means that maintaining integrity in every

aspect of the electoral process is often established within the bodies that

administer or support the administration of elections. The committee

needs to monitor actions of the candidates, ensure oversight of electoral

process and provide for enforcement of electoral rules and regulations.

Consistent, legitimate electoral standards and practices help detect,

deter and prevent electoral improprieties and illegalities, and help ensure

integrity. The legal framework which refers to the election conduct

generally establishes protection mechanisms and determines the

institutional structure to support electoral integrity. Effective law

enforcement in response to electoral violations not only helps to maintain

the integrity of electoral process but also to deter future problems.

Without electoral integrity, leaders and officials lack accountability to the

public, confidence in the election results is weak, and the committee

holding the election lacks necessary legitimacy.

And lastly, the sixth ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency refers to one of the functions of election committee which is to

perform other functions as may be necessary. This means that the

committee needs to be flexible at all times and must perform tasks that
 34

are not stated under the rules and guidelines when a certain situation

arises.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the election

committee decides to all questions affecting elections, including

determination of the campaign period, date of election and the number

and location of polling places and appointment of election officials and

inspectors consistent with the provisions of College Student Council

Constitution-and-by-Laws got the lowest frequency (f) of 53.

Pre-Election Phase under Elective Positions

Table 4 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under elective

positions.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under elective positions as needed to

be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means that

all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observed these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which the elective positions for the Executive

Council of the College Student Council are President, Vice President,

Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, two (2) PROs, Campus Youth Minister,

 35

Table 4. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Elective Positions

C. Elective Positions f DE

1. The elective positions are the President, Vice- 58 N

President, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, two (2)
PROs, Campus Youth Minister, Departmental
Governors, and the Year Level Mayors for the
Executive Body of the College Student Council (CSC).

Over-all Frequency (f) N

Departmental Governors and Year Level Mayors got the highest

frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practiced. This means that on

election day, the student voters will have to vote for these elective

positions through computerized election, and ballot election for the Year

Level Mayors. The candidates need to understand the position they are

running for. Being part of a council is not an easy task. It is not a

privilege; rather, it is a challenge to significantly influence the students.

The power of being a member in the student council depends on ones

ability to persuade the other students to adopt the councils view.

Pre-Election Phase under Qualifications of Candidates

Table 5 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under

qualifications of candidates.
 36

Table 5. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Qualifications of Candidates

D. Qualifications of Candidates f DE

1. All candidates seeking the position of President, 50 N

Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, two (2)
PROs, Campus Youth Minister, Departmental
Governors and Year Level Mayors must have the
following qualifications:
a. He/She is a member of the CSC for not less
than two (2) successive academic school
years.
b. He/She has at least a general average of 78% 51 N
for Engineering and Architecture, and 80%
for the other departments throughout
his/her college life for as long as the
Engineering and Architecture department
adopts a grading system different from the
other departments. In case there would be a
uniformity of grading system for all
departments, a minimum general average of
80% will be adopted.
c. He/She does not have a derogatory record 55 N
with the school anytime during his/her past
residency, as certified by the Dean of Student
Affairs.
d. He/She is not employed. 51 N
e. He/She has not incurred a failure or dropped 53 N
a subject during the semester prior to the
filling of candidacy, and incomplete grades
unless otherwise completed (except P.E. and
NSTP).
f. For President, he/she is at least an incoming 48 N
fourth year student as certified by the
Academic Dean.
g. For Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, 49 N
Auditor, two (2) PROs, Campus Youth
Minister and Departmental Governors,
he/she is at least an incoming third year
student as certified by the Academic Dean.
h. For Campus Youth Minister, he/she is a 50 N
Roman Catholic.
Over-all Frequency (f) 51 N
 37

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under qualification of candidates as

needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 51. This

means that all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must

observed these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of

election process.

The ideal practice in which the candidate does not have a

derogatory record with the school anytime during his or her past

residency, as certified by the Dean of Student Affairs got the highest

frequency of 55.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which one of the

qualification for Presidency is that he or she is at least an incoming

fourth year student as certified by the Academic Dean got the lowest

frequency of 48.

Pre-Election Phase under Filing of Candidacy

Table 6 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under filing of

candidacy.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under filing of candidacy as needed to

 38

Table 6. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Qualifications of Filing of Candidacy

E. Filing of Candidacy f DE

1. The Election Committee officially announces the 58 N

opening of filing of candidacy for the CSC election.
2. A Certificate of Candidacy (COC) is obtained on 58 N
the Student Affairs Office (SAO).
3. The official Certificate of Candidacy (COC) 57 N
contains the following: complete name, student ID
number, year level, course, major, aspired position,
political party if any, number of units enrolled,
signature of the aspirant, and the signature of his/
her Departmental Dean.
4. The candidate submits the accomplished and 57 N
official Certificate of Candidacy (COC) on the Student
Affairs Office attached thereto the requirements on or
before the date prescribed by the Election
Committee.
5. The filing of candidacy lasts according to the
period of time given by the Election Committee. 53 N
6. Elected officials are allowed to run for re-election 48 N
for the same position only once.
7. A candidate, upon filing the COC agrees on the 56 N
condition that in the case of winning, he/she does
not hold any organizational or editorial staff position
during his/her term of service in the council.
8. In case of withdrawal of a candidate within the 57 N
first week of campaign, the party is allowed to
replace the withdrawing candidate provided the
reason for such withdrawal is both valid and
unforeseen as of the date of filing. The burden of
proof is on the party involved. For investigation and
final approval, a written request together with the
supporting documents is submitted to the Election
Committee.
Over-all Frequency (f) 56 N
 39

be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 56. This means that

all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observed these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that two (2) ideal practices got the highest

frequency (f) of 58 and rated as needed to be practice. The first ideal

practice that got the highest frequency under filing of candidacy is the

ideal practice in which the election committee officially announces the

opening of filing of candidacy for the CSC election. This manifests that

the committee needs to declare in public the allotted number of days to

file their manifestation of intent to run in order for those aspirants who

are gunning for elective posts to be aware and inform.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest number of

frequency is the ideal practice in which the certificate of candidacy is

obtained on the Student Affairs Office (SAO). This implies that Student

Affairs Office is the only office that can release a certificate of candidacy

to all aspiring candidates. This is to monitor the number of individuals

who have the intention of running for elective posts. After completing the

necessary information on the Certificate of Candidacy, aspirants need to

submit it on the Student Affairs Office to make its candidacy official.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which elected officials are

allowed to run for re-election for the same position only once got the
 40

lowest frequency of 48 but it still rated as needed to be practice. This

means that the committee may allow incumbent officers to run for the

same elective post as long as he/she meet all the qualifications to be

considered as candidate.

Pre-Election Phase under Announcement of Qualified Candidates

Table 7 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under

announcement of qualified candidates.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under announcement of qualified

candidates as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f)

of 58. This means that all of the persons involved under pre-election

phase must observed these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth

flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which the election committee releases the

official list of qualified candidates for the CSC election got the frequency

of 58 and rated as needed to be observed. This means that after the

period of filling of candidacy, the committee needs to post publicly the

names of the aspiring candidates who are qualified to run on the elective
 41

Table 7. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Announcement of Qualified Candidates

F. Announcement of Qualified Candidates f DE

1. The Election Committee releases the official list of 58 N

qualified candidates for the CSC election.
Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

posts to keep the students updated and well-informed. They can also use

social media as a public information dissemination channel.

Pre-Election Phase under Announcement of Campaign Period

Table 8 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under campaign

period.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under campaign period as needed to

be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 56. This means that

all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observed these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which campaigning is not allowed on election

day got the highest frequency of 57.

 42

Table 8. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-

Election Phase under Campaign Period

G. Campaign Period f DE

1. The campaign period starts from the day of the 56 N

results of qualified candidates are made known by
the Election Committee until the day before election,
provided that it does not go beyond one (1) week.
2. The campaigns are done within the school 55 N
premises.
3. Campaigning is not allowed on election day. 57 N

Over-all Frequency (f) 56 N

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which campaigns are done

within the school premises got the lowest frequency of 55.

Pre-Election Phase under Announcement of Campaign Methods

Table 9 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under campaign

methods.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under campaign methods as needed to

be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 57. This means that

all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observed these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

 43

Table 9. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election

Phase under Campaign Methods

H. Campaign Methods f DE

1. All campaign materials are submitted to the Dean 57 N

of the Student Affairs Office for approval. These are
posted on a general information board or other place
authorized by the Dean of the Student Affairs Office.
2. The candidates solicit votes through classroom 57 N
campaign and Miting de Avance.
3. The candidates secure excuse letter endorsed by 56 N
the Dean of the Student Affairs Office and approved
by the Vice President for Academic Affairs to have a
classroom campaign.
4. The candidates dont resort to vote-buying. 58 N
5. The candidates dont resort to black propaganda 56 N
(ex. spread lies, fabrication and deceptions).
6. Pre-existing campaign materials may remain 55 N
standing during Election Day, but it must be twenty
(20) meters away from the polling place and or
precinct.
Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

The ideal practice in which candidates dont resort to vote-buying got

the highest frequency of 58.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which pre-existing campaign

materials may remain standing during election day, but it must be twenty (20)

meters away from the polling place and or precinct got the lowest frequency

of 55.
 44

Pre-Election Phase under Announcement of Miting de Avance

Table 10 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along pre-election phase under miting de

avance.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under campaign methods as needed to

be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 56. This means that

all of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observed these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that two (2) ideal practices got the highest

frequency (f) of 58 and rated as needed to be practice. The first ideal

practice that got the highest frequency is the practice in which the

election committee is responsible in organizing the miting de avance.

This means that it is a must that miting de avance always precedes the

voting process, in order to give those running for elective posts the

opportunity to present themselves and their platforms and in order for

the students to be clarify and decide if they will really support or vote the

candidates they want to.

The second ideal practice that got also the highest frequency is the

practice in which the incumbent CSC officers and the audience are given
 45

Table 10. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Pre-Election
Phase under Miting de Avance

I. Miting de Avance f DE

1. The Election Committee is responsible in organizing 58 N

the Miting de Avance.
2. It is held one (1) day before the election period at the 57 N
place and time organized by the Election Committee.
3. The Election Committee publicizes the date, time and 57 N
place of the Miting de Avance through posting on
information boards.
4. The Miting de Avance usually starts at 4:00 PM and 54 N
ends at 5:30 PM.
5. All candidates from the different parties and the
independent candidates are present. 56 N
6. The allotted time for each speech of the parties in 57 N
presenting its platforms and members is within 5-7
minutes which is agreed upon by the Election
Committee and the candidates. The independent
candidate is given the opportunity to present
himself/herself on the audience within 3-5 minutes.
7. After the presentation of candidates, the incumbent 58 N
CSC officers are given the opportunity to ask one
question. The audience has also the opportunity to ask
questions to the candidates related to the reason why
the students must vote for them.
8. The candidates are given two (2) minutes to answer 57 N
the given question.
9. The candidates are prohibited from using derogatory 56 N
remarks, vulgar language and accusations that are
personal and irrelevant to the issues of election.
10. The President from each party has three (3) minutes 55 N
to give his/her final message.
11. The moderator for the question and answer portion 57 N
of the Miting de Avance is appointed by the Election
Committee.
12. If there is only one party contending in the council 55 N
election, the Election Committee should still hold a
Miting de Avance.
13. Instructors refrain from doing any act, whether 57 N
express or implied that favors a candidate or a party.
Over-all Frequency (f) 56 N
 46

the opportunity to ask one question related to the reason why the

students must vote for them.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the miting de avance

starts at 4:00 PM and ends at 5:30 PM got the lowest frequency of 54.

Election Phase under Date of Election

Table 11 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under date of

election.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under date of elections needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means that all

of the persons involved under pre-election phase must observe these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which the election of College Student Council

is held on the day expressly and specifically scheduled by the Election

Committee with the concurrence of the CSC Executive Body got the

frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be observed. This means that the

committee must base the date of the CSC election on the scheduled

agreed upon on the schools calendar of activities. The committee also

 47

Table 11. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Date of Election

A. Date of Election f DE

1. The election of College Student Council is held on 58 N

the day expressly and specifically scheduled by the
Election Committee with the concurrence of the CSC
Executive Body.
Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

needs to coordinate with the College Student Council when it comes to

scheduling of date of election because CSC election is part of their

calendar of activities.

Election Phase under Student Voters

Table 12 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under student

voters.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along pre-election phase under student voters needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means that all

of the persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal

practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

 48

Table 12. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Student Voters

B. Student Voters f DE

1. All bona fide students of Saint Louis College 58 N

except the students of Graduate Schools and College
of Law are required to vote.

Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

The ideal practice in which all bona fide students of Saint Louis

College, except the students of Graduate Schools and College of Law are

required to vote got the frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be

observe. This means that the all students that are enrolled in Saint Louis

College, regardless of course and year have the right to vote to choose the

leaders that will serve as their representation and voice.

Election Phase under Voting Hours

Table 13 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under voting hours.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under voting hours needed to be practice

projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means that all of the

persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal practices

in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

 49

Table 13. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Voting Hours

C. Voting Hours f DE

1. Voting begins at 8:00 AM. 58 N

2. Voting ends at 5:30 PM as officially declares by the 56 N
Chairman of the Election Committee.
Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

The ideal practice in which voting begins at 8:00 AM got the

highest frequency of 58. This means that the polling precinct must be

open at 8:00 AM so that students who are available at that time can now

cast their votes.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which voting ends at 5:30

PM as officially declares by the Chairman of the election committee got

the lowest frequency of 56. This means that all of the polling precinct

must be close at 5:30 PM and students who fail to practice their rights

have no opportunity to cast their votes. After the voting period,

canvassing of votes follows.

Election Phase under Manner of Election

Table 14 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under manner of

election.
 50

Table 14. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Voting Manner of Election

D. Manner of Election f DE
57
1. Election for the Executive Council and N
Departmental Governors is held two (2) weeks after
the midterms examinations of the second semester
unless the Election Committee provides otherwise.
2. Election for the Year Mayors is held on the fourth 57 N
week after the opening of classes during the first
semester unless the Election Committee provides
otherwise.
3. There is at least two (2) parties. In the event that 56 N
there is only one party, such party is subjected to
referendum by a majority vote of the students
enrolled.
4. The President, Vice President, Secretary, 58 N
Treasurer, Auditor, (2) PROs and the Campus Youth
Minister of the CSC is elected by plurality of votes
cast by the Election Committee through automated
or secret ballot elections.
5. The Departmental Governors are elected by the N
plurality of votes cast by the students of their 58
respective departments through automated or secret
ballot elections.
6. The Year Level Mayors are elected by the student 58 N
in their respective year levels and respective
departments by the plurality of votes cast through
automated or secret ballot elections.

Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under voting hours needed to be practice

projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 57. This means that all of the
 51

persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal practices

in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that there were three (3) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rates as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the ideal

practice in which the President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer,

Auditor, two (2) PROs and the Campus Youth Minister of the CSC are

elected by plurality of votes cast by the Election Committee through

automated election. This means that the candidate who polls more votes

than any other candidates on a certain elective post is considered

elected. This supports the Social Choice Theory of Kenneth Arrow in

which the agents (students) agreed to be bound by the outcome of a

social choice procedure, such as vote.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

the ideal practice in which the departmental governors are elected by the

plurality of votes cast by the students of their respective departments

through automated election. This means that the candidate with the

most votes from the students coming from their respective departments

win. Student voters will only vote one departmental governor coming

from their departments only. There will be one winner which will serve as

their departmental governor from the College of Arts and Science,

 52

Teacher Education and Information Technology (includes Criminology

student), College of Commerce, Secretariat and Accountancy, and College

of Engineering and Architecture.

And lastly, the third ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was the ideal practice in which the year level mayors are

elected by the students in their respective year levels and respective

departments by the plurality of votes cast through secret ballot election.

This means that the candidate who got the highest number of votes per

year levels and department will be the winner. There will be four (4) year

level mayors coming from the College of Arts and Science, Teacher

Education and Information Technology (includes Criminology students)

and from the College of Commerce, Secretariat and Accountancy and five

(5) year level Mayors for College of Engineering and Architecture.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which there is at least two

(2) parties in the CSC election and in the event that there is only one

party, such party is subjected to referendum by a majority vote of the

students enrolled got the lowest frequency of 56.

 53

Election Phase under Election Assistants

Table 15. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Election Assistants

E. Election Assistants f DE

1. The Election Committee appoints election 57 N

assistants who are bona fide students and officers of
the Executive or Legislative Body of the College
Student Council.
2. Their functions are as follows: 58 N
a. Set up the polling precinct before the start
of elections;
b. Check whether the student voters are in the 58 N
master list and give the latter the password
for computerized election, or a ballot paper
for the ballot election;
c. Surrender the ballot box, contained therein 58 N
the used ballots immediately after the
election period to the Election Committee;
and
d. Canvass the votes immediately after the 58 N
closing of polling stations.
Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

Table 15 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under election

assistants.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under election assistants as needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means that all
 54

of the persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal

practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that there were four (4) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was one of the

functions of election assistants which is to set up the polling precinct

before the start of election. This means that all of the resources to be

utilize and needed to conduct an election must be prepare and available,

and all of the computer rooms or other rooms to be considered as polling

stations must be reserve before the election starts. For the computerized

election, the election assistants must make sure that all of the computer

units to be used must be well-function and in condition. The election

assistants must also check if the outside and inside of the polling

precincts have no campaign signages and banners posted.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

also one of the functions of election assistants which is to check whether

the student voters are in the master list and to give them a ballot for

ballot election. This means that the election assistants must verify if the

student is registered or not. After verifying the name of the voter, the

election assistants must give the passwords for computer access during
 55

the computerized election, or a ballot paper to be fill out by the voter

during the ballot election.

The third ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

also one of the functions of election assistants which is to surrender the

ballot box to the election committee after the election period. This means

that during the ballot election after it was declared that the voting period

ends, the election assistants must give the ballot boxes contained therein

the used ballot papers to preserve the sanctity of votes.

And lastly, the fourth ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was also one of the functions of election assistants which is to

canvass the votes after the election period. This means that after the

election period is declared closed, the election tellers must undertake the

counting of votes simultaneously done at the polling stations. The

counting of votes is with supervision of the election tellers. The watchers

are allowed to be physically present at each of such counting places and

tables. For the ballot election, the ballot papers are counted polling

station-wise and the votes polled by each candidate at every polling

station are counted and announced separately in respect of each polling

stations.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the election

committee appoints election assistants who are bona fide students and
 56

officers of the Executive or Legislative Body of the College Student

Council got the lowest frequency of 57.

Election Phase under Voting Procedures (Computerized Election)

Table 16. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Voting Procedures (Computerized Election)

F. Voting Procedures (Computerized Election) f DE

1. The voters present their school ID and obtain 58 N

their passwords from the election assistants
appointed and authorized by the Election Committee
on the Registration desk.
2. The voters go only to the precinct where he/she is 58 N
designated.
3. The voters use their ID numbers as their 56 N
usernames.
4. One (1) voter occupies one (1) computer unit to 57 N
secure privacy.
5. The voters dont stay inside and leave the polling 58 N
station after their votes are cast.

Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

Table 16 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under voting

procedures of computerized election.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under voting procedures of computerized

election as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of

 57

57. This means that all of the persons involved under election phase

must observe these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of

election process.

The same table reflected that there were three (3) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the ideal

practice in which the voters present their school ID and obtain their

passwords from the election assistants appointed and authorized by the

Election Committee on the registration desk. This means that the

election tellers will verify if the student is a registered voter through his

or her school ID. The election teller will write the password on a piece of

paper and give it to the voter.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

the ideal practice in which the voters go only to the precinct where he or

she is designated. This means that the voters can only vote to the

precinct he or she is assigned. For computerized election, there will be

only one computer room to be considered as polling precinct. This is

open to all voters, regardless of departments, year and course. For ballot

election, the precinct station of each voter is determined according to

year level, course and department.

 58

And lastly, the third ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was the ideal practice in which the voters dont stay inside and

leave the polling precinct after their votes are cast. This means that after

the voters have cast their votes, they should leave immediately inside the

room to avoid interruption on the voting process and to avoid

disturbance. This is to create a serious and peaceful atmosphere wherein

voters can focus on what they are doing.

The fourteenth ideal practice that also got the highest frequency

was under the voting procedures of manual election in which the voters

go only to the precinct he or she is designated. This means that the

polling precincts of the student voters are designated according to their

course and year. Student voters must only stay on their assigned

stations and they are not allowed to go and roam on the other stations.

After their votes have been cast, they should not stay or wait inside the

polling precincts to avoid disturbance.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which one (1) voter

occupies one (1) computer unit to secure privacy got the lowest frequency

of 57.

Election Phase under Voting Procedures (Ballot Election)

Table 17. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Voting Procedures (Ballot Election)
 59

G. Voting Procedures (Ballot Election) f DE

1. The voters go only to the precinct he/she is 58 N

designated.
2. The voters get a ballot given by the election 57 N
assistants appointed and authorized by the Election
Committee on the Registration desk.
3. A voter not appearing on the master list of the 56 N
precinct where he/she is supposed to be designated
casts his/her vote at the same precinct provided
his/her school ID or registration form is presented to
the election assistant. The election assistant gets the
name, year, course, student number and signature
of said electorate. If such voter has no ID, a permit to
vote must be secured from the Office of Student
Affairs.
4. An official ballot is stamped by the College 57 N
Student Council.
5. The voters fill out, then fold and drop in the 57 N
official drop box located at the same precinct.
6. The voters affix his/her signature to the masters 58 N
list taken care by the election assistants to serve as
an attestation that he/she has voted.

Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

Table 17 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under voting

procedures of ballot election.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under voting procedures of computerized

election as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of

 60

57. This means that all of the persons involved under election phase

must observe these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of

election process.

The same table reflected that there were two (2) ideal practices that

got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice. The

first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the ideal practice in

which the voters go only to the precinct he or she is designated. This

means that the polling precincts of the student voters are designated

according to their course and year. Student voters must only stay on

their assigned stations and they are not allowed to go and roam on the

other stations. After their votes have been cast, they should not stay or

wait inside the polling precincts to avoid disturbance.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the ideal practice in which the voters affix his or her signature on

the master list of students taken care by the election assistants to serve

as an attestation the he or she has voted. This means that after the voter

has fill out the ballot paper and place it inside the ballot box, he or she

should sign on the list of registered voters in order for him or her to

verify that he or she had already voted.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which a voter not appearing

on the master list of the precinct where he/she is supposed to be designated

 61

casts his/her vote at the same precinct provided his/her school ID or

registration form is presented to the election assistant got the lowest

frequency of 57.

Election Phase under Validity of Votes

Table 18. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Validity of Votes

H. Validity of Votes f DE

1. The vote is VALID if the candidates full name is 53 N

written on the ballot at the position the said
candidate is running for.
2. The vote is invalid if the name of the candidate is 51 N
misspelled, only the family name is written or only
the alias is written.
Over-all Frequency (f) 52 N

Table 18 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under validity of

votes.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under validity of votes as needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 52. This means that all

of the persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal

practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

 62

The ideal practice in which the vote is valid if the candidates full

name is written on the ballot at the position the said candidate is

running for got the highest frequency of 53.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the vote is invalid if

the name of the candidate is misspelled, only the family name is written

or only the alias is written got the lowest frequency of 51. This means

that all of the polling precinct must be close at 5:30 PM and students

who fail to practice their rights have no opportunity to cast their votes.

After the voting period, canvassing of votes follows.

Election Phase under Board of Election Tellers

Table 19. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Board of Election Tellers

I. Board of Election Tellers f DE

1. The Election Tellers are composed of a Chairman 57 N

who is an SLC employee and two (2) members, who
are SLC students.
2. The functions of Board of Tellers are: 58 N
a. Conduct the voting and counting of votes in
the polling place.
b. Sign the tally sheets after ascertaining their
correctness and submit the same to the 58 N
Chairman of the Election Committee at the
Student Affairs Office.
c. Act as deputies of the Commission in the 58 N
supervision and control of the election in
the polling place.
d. Maintain order within the polling place and 58 N
its premises, to keep access thereto to open
 63

and unobstructed, and to enforce obedience

to its lawful orders.
e. Perform such other functions as may be 56 N
prescribed by the CSC Executive Committee
and CSC Adviser.
Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

Table 19 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under board of

election tellers.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under board of election tellers as needed

to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means

that all of the persons involved under election phase must observe these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that there were four (4) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was one of the

functions of election teller which is to conduct the voting and counting of

votes in the polling place. This means that the election tellers will serve

as a witness and have supervision on conducting the election process,

together with the election assistants and election committee. They are
 64

the one who will verify and double-check if the number of cast votes

match on their tabulation.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

one of the functions of election teller which is to sign the tally sheets

after ascertaining their correctness and submit it to the Chairman of

Election Committee at the Student Affairs Office. This means that the

signature of the election tellers affix at the pages of tally sheets served as

a certification that the tally sheets are correct and the votes have been

finalized and tabulated.

The third ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was one

of the functions of election teller which is to act as a deputy of the

election committee in the supervision and control of the election in the

polling place. This means that election tellers served as a second in

command or assistant who usually take in charge when the members of

election committee are absent.

And lastly, the fourth ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was one of the functions of election teller which is to maintain

order within the polling place and its premises, to keep access thereto to

open and unobstructed, and to enforce obedience to its lawful orders.

This means that they need to make sure that the voters follow the rules

and guidelines of conducting an election to keep its order and safety.

 65

On the other hand, the ideal practice in one of the functions of

election tellers which is to perform other functions as may be prescribes

by the Election Committee and by the CSC Executive Body got the lowest

frequency of 56. However, it is still rated as needed to be practice. This

means that the election tellers must be flexible at all times in order to

perform task that are not stated under their functions description as

long as it is related to the election process.

Election Phase under the Watchers

Table 20. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under the Watchers

J. The Watchers f DE

1. Each candidates of CSC elections appoint two (2) 57 N

watchers to serve alternatively in the polling place or
canvassing center as accredited by the Election
Committee.
2. The rights and duties of Watchers are: 58 N
a. Witness and observe on the proceedings of
CSC election.
b. Take note of what they see or hear during 57 N
the voting procedure and make a report
regarding on the proceedings of CSC
election and submit it to the Election
Committee.
c. Watchers dont go and talk with the voters. 55 N
d. Perform such other power and 57 N
responsibilities as maybe provided.

Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

 66

Table 20 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under the watchers.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under the watchers as needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 57. This means that all

of the persons involved under election phase must observe these ideal

practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which one of the rights and duties of a

watcher is to witness and observe on the proceedings of CSC election got

the highest frequency of 58. This means that the watchers need to be a

keen-observer in order to identify if there are irregularities, anomalies

and misconduct that are happening during the election process.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which watchers dont go

and talk with the voters got the lowest frequency of 55.

Election Phase under Regulations in the Polling Place

Table 21. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Regulations in the Polling Place

K. Regulations in the Polling Place f DE

1. There is at least one (1) reserved computer room 58 N

that serves as a precinct in the CSC election that is
approved by the MIS Head upon the
recommendations in writing by the CSC President
 67

and Adviser during the computerized election.

2. Voters vote in the order of their arrival in the 57 N
polling place.
3. All forms of campaigning during the election day
are prohibited. 56 N
4. No sample ballot or list is distributed during the 56 N
election day.
5. Persons inside the polling place dont carry any 57 N
firearms or deadly weapons.
6. Persons inside the polling place dont solicit votes 57 N
or undertake any propaganda for or against any
candidate.
7. Only the following are allowed to stay inside the 58 N
polling place:
a. Members of the Election Committee;
b. Watchers who stay only in the place 58 N
reserved for them;
c. Voters casting their votes; 57 N
d. Voters waiting for their turn to get ballots, 57 N
in case, of mayoral elections;
e. Others who are specifically authorized by 55 N
the Election Committee (ex. official
photographer);
8. There are no posters, leaflets, banners, tarpaulin 58 N
or any kind of publication posted, hang, pasted or
attached to any of the facility or place of the precinct
and or polling place, except, twenty (20) meters away
from the polling place and or precinct.
Over-all Frequency (f) 57 N

Table 22 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along election phase under regulations in

the polling place.

 68

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along election phase under regulations in the polling place as

needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 57. This

means that all of the persons involved under election phase must observe

these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election

process.

The same table reflected that there were four (4) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the practice in

which there is at least one (1) reserved computer room that serve as a

precinct in the CSC election that is approved by the MIS Head upon the

recommendations in writing by the CSC President and Adviser. This

means that the reserved computer room will be the place wherein the

voters can cast their votes. The number of reserved computer rooms

must be enough to cater the number of voters along the election period.

The second and third ideal practices that also got the highest

frequency was one of the regulations in the polling place in which one of

the persons who are allowed to stay inside are the members of election

committee and the watchers who stay only in the place reserved for

them. This means that people who have no official business inside the

polling precinct are not allowed to stay, except those who are mentioned
 69

in the guidelines. This is to ensure the monitoring of the conduct of

election process.

And lastly, the fourth ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was one of the regulations in the polling precinct in which

there should be no posters, leaflets, banners, tarpaulins or any kind of

campaign materials posted, hang or attach to any of the facility or place

of the precinct, except twenty (20) meters away from the polling place.

This means that any forms of campaigning on the day of election are not

allowed within the premises of the polling precinct to ensure that the

voters will vote according to their own will.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in other persons who are

specifically authorized by the Election Committee like the official

photographer can stay inside the polling station got the lowest frequency

of 55. However, it is still rated as needed to be practice.

Post-Election Phase under Canvassing of Votes

Table 23. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Canvassing of Votes

A. Canvassing of Votes f DE
58 N
1. The counting of votes, both in the computerized
elections and manual elections, is held in public and
 70

without interruption.
2. The board of canvassers are duly appointed and 58 N
formed by the Election Committee who shall receive
and tally the votes from the different precincts.
3. Members of the Election Committee, with the help 58 N
of election assistants and tellers, tabulate the results
after the Chairman of the Election Committee
officially closes the polling stations.
4. All votes cast appear on the election results 58 N
including abstentions.
5. The Election Committee signs and delivers the 58 N
election results to the Student Affairs Office. Such
result shall be signed (per page) by the election
tellers.
6. The election results is secretive in nature before all 58 N
the protests and complaints are resolved.
7. Official candidates are responsible in the clean-up 57 N
of campaign materials immediately after the election
period. All campaign materials are removed.

Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

Table 23 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along post-election phase under

canvassing of votes.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along post-election phase under canvassing of votes as needed

to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This means

that all of the persons involved under election phase must observe these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

 71

The same table reflected that there were six (6) ideal practices that

got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice. The

first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the practice in

which the counting of votes, both in the computerized election and

manual election, is held in public and without interruption. This means

that vote counting must proceed immediately after the closing of polling

stations to enhance the credibility of a poll and to avoid any accusations

of fraud. Tabulation of votes in public increases transparency on the

election process in order to monitor if there are misconducts happening

inside the polling precinct while the counting of votes is going on.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the subphase of canvassing of votes in which the board of

canvassers will be the one to receive and tally the summary of votes

submitted by the election assistants from the different precincts. This

means that the board of canvassers will be the one to certify the results

of the election.

The third ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the subphase of canvassing of votes in which the members of the

election committee, with the help of the election assistants and election

tellers, tabulate the results immediately after the Chairman of the

election committee officially closes the polling precinct. This means that
 72

the members of the election committee, the election assistants and the

election tellers will be divided into groups and they will be designated to

different polling stations to count and tally the votes from the ballot

boxes.

The fourth ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the subphase of canvassing of votes in which all votes cast will

appear on the election results, including abstentions. This means that it

is very important that there is always transparency in every election

process. This is to inform the students of the current situation and

happenings and to give them the freedom to observe. Transparency is

needed to preserve the sanctity of the election results.

The fifth ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the subphase of canvassing of votes in which the election

committee signs and delivers the election results to the Student Affairs

Office. This is to keep the election results and to have a record on the

Student Affairs Office.

And lastly, the sixth ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was under the subphase of canvassing of votes in which the

election results is secretive in nature before all the protests and

complaints that can affect the election results are resolved. This is to

ensure that the election results to be release in public will be official and
 73

free from issues. This is to avoid confusion from the students and to

preserve the sanctity of election results.

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which the official

candidates are responsible in the clean-up of campaign materials

immediately after the election period got the lowest frequency of 57.

Post-Election Phase under Breaking a Tie

Table 24. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Breaking a Tie

B. Breaking a Tie f DE

1. When two or more candidates have an equal 52 N

number of votes which would entitle them to a
position, the winner shall be chosen from among
them by tossing a coin.
Over-all Frequency (f) 52 N

Table 24 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along post-election phase under breaking

a tie.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along post-election phase under breaking a tie as needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 52. This means that all
 74

of the persons involved under post-election phase must observe this ideal

practice in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which tossing a coin method will be used to

determine the winner among candidates who have equal number of votes

got the frequency of 52 and it is rated as needed to be practice. This

means that tossing of coin method is not necessary to be used if theres a

need to break a tie between two candidates who have an equal number of

votes. However, Section 240 of the Omnibus Election Code provides

that, in cases of a tie in election results, the candidate favored by luck

will be proclaimed the winner. The members of the board of canvassers

must first record the tie and notify the candidates. Then, they shall, by

resolution, hold a public meeting where a drawing of lots will be done to

determine the winning candidate. In practice, coin tossing, an accepted

variation of draw lots, is usually done. In this case, the candidates will

choose either head or tail. The side that was flip at the end will be the

winner.

Post-Election Phase under Protest or Complaint Period

Table 25. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Protest or Complaint Period

C. Protest or Complaint Period f DE

 75

1. Protest or complaint period starts at the pre- 58 N

electoral phase and will end after the official
proclamation of winners.
2. Pending formal protest or complain with evidence 58 N
within the phase of election is entertained and
resolved by the Election Committee, together with
the Student Affairs Office.
3. The protest is properly documented upon 58 N
submission. Witnesses and complainants are
available and present during the deliberations.
4. The Election Committees decision on the 57 N
complaints is final and irrevocable.
5. In case of complains not resolved within the 56 N
specified period, the Election Committee proclaims
the winners as soon as cases are resolved.
Over-all Frequency (f) 58 N

Table 25 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along post-election phase under protest

or complaint period.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along post-election phase under protest or complaint period as

needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 58. This

means that all of the persons involved under post-election phase must

observe these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election

process.
 76

The same table reflected that there were three (3) ideal practices

that got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be practice.

The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the practice in

which the protest period starts at the pre-election phase and will end

after the official proclamation of winners. This means that the protest or

complaint must be election-related or it has something to do with the

candidates.

The second ideal practice that also got the highest frequency was

under the ideal practice in which pending formal protest or complaint

with evidence is entertained and resolved by the election committee,

together with the Student Affairs Office. This means that the election

committee and the Student Affairs Office are the right authority to

address issues related to election.

And lastly, the third ideal practice that also got the highest

frequency was the ideal practice in which protest is properly documented

upon submission, and the witnesses and complainants are available and

present during the deliberations. This means that evidence and records

are needed to further proof and strengthen the existing problem. Both

sides of the party must be present during the assessment and

deliberation to further know the details and to hear the sides of the both

party.
 77

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which in case the

complaints are not resolved within the specified period, the election committee

proclaims the winners as soon as cases are resolved got the lowest frequency

of 56.

Post-Election Phase under Certification

Table 26. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Certification

D. Certification f DE

1. The Election Committee is composed of the CSC 56 N

Adviser as Chairman and six (6) Commissioners;
specifically, three (3) employees of SLC and three (3)
bona fide students of SLC who represent the three (3)
Departments and the Criminology students.
2. The six (6) Commissioners are appointed in writing 56 N
by the CSC Adviser with the concurrence of the CSC
Executive Body.
3. The three (3) appointed students are not subject to 56 N
re-appointment for succeeding elections.
4. The Election Committee is collaborated with the
Student Affairs Office (SAO) and the College Student
Council (CSC).
Over-all Frequency (f)

Table 26 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along post-election phase under

certification.
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It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along post-election phase under certification as needed to be

practice projected by its over-all frequency (f) of 56. This means that all

of the persons involved under post-election phase must observe these

ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth flow of election process.

The same table reflected that the two (2) ideal practices under this

subpase got the highest frequency of 58 and rated as needed to be

practice. The first ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the

practice in which the election result is official upon certification of the

results by the Dean of the Student Affairs Office, as the Chairman of the

Election Committee, and by the incumbent CSC President.

The second ideal practice that got the highest frequency was the

practice in which the incumbent CSC President prepares a Certificate of

Election for all elected candidates.

Post-Election Phase under Announcement and Publication

Table 27. Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along Election
Phase under Announcement and Publication

E. Announcement and Publication f DE

1. The Election Committee proclaims the winning 56 N

candidates of all the Student Council positions after
all the protests and complaints are resolved.
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2. A list of the newly elected Student Council officers 55 N

is furnishes to the offices and be posted at the
conspicuous places within the school premises.
Over-all Frequency (f) 56 N

Table 27 shows the ideal practices in conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) election along post-election phase under

announcement and publication.

It can be gleaned from the table that the respondents rated ideal

practices along post-election phase under announcement and

publication as needed to be practice projected by its over-all frequency (f)

of 56. This means that all of the persons involved under post-election

phase must observe these ideal practices in order to achieve a smooth

flow of election process.

The ideal practice in which the election committee proclaims the

winning candidates of the Student Council positions after all the protests

and complaints are resolved got the highest frequency of 56. This means

that

On the other hand, the ideal practice in which a list of the newly

elected Student Council officers is furnishes to the offices and be posted

at the conspicuous places within the school premises got the lowest

frequency of 55.
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Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in Conducting the College

Student Council (CSC) Election along Pre-Election Phase,
Election Phase and Post-Election Phase

Table 28. Summary Table on the Ideal Practices in Conducting the CSC
Election along Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase, and Post-Election Phase

Phases f DE

I. Pre-Election Phase 56 N

II. Election Phase 57 N

III. Post-Election Phase 56 N

Over-all Frequency (f) 56 N

Table 28 shows the summary on the ideal practices in conducting

the College Student Council (CSC) election along the three phases

namely: Pre-Election Phase, Election Phase, and Post-Election Phase.

It can be gleaned from the table that the ideal practice are needed

to be observed in conducting the CSC election along the three phases as

evident in the grand frequency of 56.

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Table 29. Level of Actual Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along
Pre-Election Phase under Composition of Election Committee

A. Composition of Election Committee WM DE

1. The Election Committee is composed of the 4.34 HP

CSC Adviser as Chairman and six (6)
Commissioners; specifically, three (3)
employees of SLC and three (3) bona fide
students of SLC who represent the three (3)
Departments and the Criminology students.

2. The six (6) Commissioners are appointed in 4.31 HP

writing by the CSC Adviser with the
concurrence of the CSC Executive Body.
3. The three (3) appointed students are not 4.12 HP
subject to re-appointment for succeeding
elections.
4. The Election Committee is collaborated with 4.72 HP
the Student Affairs Office (SAO) and the College
Student Council (CSC).
Over-all Mean 4.37 HP

Table 30. Level of Actual Practices in Conducting the CSC Election along
Pre-Election Phase under Composition of Election Committee

B. Functions of Election Committee WM DE

1. The Election Committee supervises and 4.52 VHP

regulates the conduct and procedures of CSC
election in accordance with the guidelines.
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2. The committee enforces and administers all 4.31 HP

laws and regulations relative to the conduct of
an election, plebiscite or recall.
3. The committee decides to all questions 4.12 HP
affecting elections, including determination of
the campaign period, date of election and the
number and location of polling places and
appointment of election officials and inspectors
consistent with the provisions of College
Student Council Constitution-and-by-Laws.
4. The committee arranges sufficient publicity 4.72 HP
for all elements of the election.
5. The committee ensures that all candidates 4.37 HP
meet the requirements to run for office, as
stated in Article Six (VI), Sections One (I) to
Seven (VII) of the Constitution-and-by-Laws of
the College Student Council under the Student
Handbook.
6. The committee prepares the ballots and
ensures the staffing of polling stations during
the election.
7. The committee settles disputes relating to
campaign, returns and other election matters,
with the concurrence of the Student Affairs
Office.
8. The committee upholds the integrity of
elections.
9. The committee performs other functions as
may be necessary.
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