TOPIC OF THE PROJECT

(It should be typed in 14 font size, Times New Roman, single spacing, central aligned bold
letters, Upper Case, no underline, italic, and no border on the cover page)

Topic of the subject

(12 font size, Times New Roman, in single spacing, central aligned and bold but title case)

Submitted by
Name of the Student
ID. No.
Year and Semester

(Must be typed in 12 font size, Times New Roman, in single spacing, not bold, title case and
central aligned)

Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur

(At the bottom of the Cover / Title page the name of the University should come, which will
be in 12 font size, Times New Roman, bold and central aligned)

Note: No border (of any kind/size) shall be designed on the Cover/Title page. No page
number shall be printed/ typed on the Cover/Title page.)
 Content

Table of Cases (no citation but in alphabetically order).Page Number

Table of Statutes (in chronological order/year wise)..Page Number
Table of Abbreviations (in Alphabetically order)...........Page Number
IntroductionPage Number
Aim(s).Page Number
Objectives (s)..Page Number
Scope and Limitations....Page Number
Review of Literature...........Page Number
Research Questions/ Hypothesis/Hypotheses.....Page Number
Research Methods applied to test the hypothesis/hypotheses....Page Number
Headings (Bold and Title case)......Page Number
Subheadings (Bold and Title case) ........Page Number
Conclusion and Suggestions ..Page Number
Bibliography ..........Page Number
Appendix (s)........Page Number

[The contents for the above-mentioned tables shall be typed at the left side of the page and the
right side of the page shall carry the page number(s) of the project report which shall appear
in Roman numerical (small letter). Thereafter headings and sub-headings (in bold and title
case but no underline and no column after heading and / or sub-heading) should follow. The
same method is required to be followed until the Conclusion and / or Suggestions in the same
order and in the same methods. The last item in this sequence would be the annotated
bibliography of printed and electronic sources (Details of the books, articles, case comments,
notes, review etc. for each and every references cited in the research), and if Appendix is
necessary that would appear after bibliography as a last item in the Table of Contents. The
font size of these items would be 12, in Times New Roman, no item would be bold or
capitalized (only in Title Case) and in single spacing.]
Case Laws Format in Table of Cases
Party A v. Party B citation (International Cases, Regional Cases and National Cases-
Sorted by A to Z). Table of Cases includes: name of both the parties, in 12 font size, Times
New Roman, Italics and title case, with v. (versus in italics) - in alphabetically order and in
one and half spacing. The citations of cases used in the research are not to be given in this list
as the citations have already been given in the following research report, so no repetition of
citation is required. The name of cases should appear at the left side of the page and at the
right side of the page, page number of the research report would appear - where the researcher
has used or referred the case in the report.
American Manufacturing and Trading Inc. v. The Republic of Zaire, ICSID
Bosh International, Inc. and B&P Ltd Foreign Investments Enterprise v. Ukraine

Daimler Financial Services AG v. Argentine Republic

EDF (Services) Limited v. Romania

Table of Statutes
Table of Statutes would appear immediately after the Table of Cases page and it
includes: title of the Statute, year of the Statute without any bold or italicized at the left side
of the page and at the right side of the page, page number of the research report would appear
- where the researcher has used or referred the Statute in the report - in chronological order
and in one and half spacing.
1947 Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District created; first air pollution agency in the
US.
1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act
1955 National Air Pollution Control Act
1963 Clean Air Act (amended in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1977, 1990)
1964 Wilderness Act
1965 National Emissions Standards Act
1965 Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act
1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act
1967 California Air Resources Board established; set emissions standards predating EPA.
1967 Air Quality Act (amendment to CAA)
1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act
1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Table of Abbreviation
Table of Abbreviation would appear immediately after the Table of Statutes page and it
includes: all abbreviations (approved abbreviations in research only) and their explanations
without any bold or italicized at the left side of the page and at the right side of the page, page
number of the research report - where the researcher has used or referred the abbreviation in
the research report - in alphabetically order and in one and half spacing. An alphabetical order
should be maintained.
1. AIR All India Reporter
2. Anr Another
3. Ch Chapter
4. Corpn. Corporation
5. CTC Current Tamil Nadu Cases
6. Del Delhi
7. DLT Delhi Law Tribunal
8. IPAB Intellectual Property Appellate Board
9. JIPR Journal of Intellectual Property Rights
10. Ltd Limited
11. Mad. Madras
12. Nag Nagpur
13. OA Original Application
14. Ors Others

The Page Numbering

The page numbering on the Table of Cases, Table of Statutes, Table of Abbreviations
and Bibliography shall be in Roman numerical (in small letters) at the bottom of the each
page and centre aligned.
The page number in English numerical starts from Introduction and ends with
Conclusion as the Last Chapter (considered to be the main research body).
If there is an Appendix attached to the research report after Bibliography, the Roman
numerical continues in the same order as on Bibliography till the end of Appendix(s).
Key points to remember:
Review of the existing literature
Setting objectives
Formulation of hypothesis
Literature Review
Triggered by the identification of the problem(s) foundational principles of the literature
review, review of existing literature based on historical timeline, gaps in the existing
literature, how this study is going to fill the gap of existing literature. It does not merely mean
brief overview of two research articles or books. A critical review of literature on the topic in
hand is necessary before one frames his or her research questions and hypothesis.
Research Question and Hypothesis
A research question and hypothesis are similar in nature except for the aspect that a
research question does not predict the outcome of the research in hand where as a hypothesis
predicts the outcome. Research questions are generally used in the exploratory research or in
the area where a phenomenon is studied marginally. The research is carried to know
indications rather than causality. Hypothesis is a tentative, testable generalisation regarding
the relationship between variables. However, formulating research questions can be very
difficult. Moving from topic to aims and objectives can be useful steps towards formulating
research questions. Moreover, aims and objectives would provide more direction than do
topics and can help the researcher, to start thinking about exactly what he / she wants to
achieve in the research.
An example of an objective and some corresponding research questions is provided below:
Objective
To find out - why certain individuals and groups adopt new technologies before others?
Research Question(s)
1. What are the patterns of consumption of new technologies amongst different groups of
adults in the India?
2. What reasons do different individuals provide for adopting or not adopting new
technologies?
It is often necessary to break down a single objective into more than one question. The
particular objective could have been broken down into three or even four questions. It is also
important to notice that the language in the research question is much more specific than in
the objective. Questions should always be open ended. Posing a question suggests that a
dialogue is unfinished and that the questioner seeks additional information.
A research may be divided into sections with each of these dealing with a particular
issue or a part of the argument sought to be made so that the distinct parts of the argument are
made clear, and each of the research questions explored fully. Here, the substance of each part
should be described in brief so that the reader can understand the entire paper is tied up and
geared.
The entire research needs to be linked together, starting from the sentences to the
paragraphs to the sections / parts. Each part of the research should lead to the next part of the
research. The transitions between different sections / parts should be smooth rather than
abrupt and sudden. The reader should not be under the impression that the research is merely
jumping from one issue to another without connecting the various elements with each other.
A solution to this is to have concluding paragraphs at the end of each section / part tie them
together with all the issues discussed / researched in one part so as to give closure look to that
particular element of the argument. In legal research judicial pronouncements and statutory
provisions need to be discussed / referred to further ones argument / point of research.
Quotations may be used in the research report. However, one should avoid over-quoting as
well.
Conclusion and Suggestions
The conclusion is not a mere reproduction of the introduction or part of the research so
far done in the previous sections / parts of study. The conclusion is to tie all the strands of the
arguments together and to put forward a coherent, lucid and reasoned proposition. It is in the
conclusion that the entire arguments are brought together. It contains the findings and
suggestions as well, if any.
Mode of Citation
1. Method of footnote would be as under:
a. Citation of a Book authored:
i. By a single writer:
Ashutosh Mookerjee, MARRIAGE, SEPARATION AND DIVORCE, 3rd ed.
2002, pp. 376-765.
ii. By two writers:
Paras Diwan and Peeyushi Diwan, FAMILY LAW, 4th ed. 1998, p. 87.
iii. By Multiple writers (three or more than three):
Christina L. Kunz, et al., LEGAL RESEARCH, 4th ed. 1996, p. 154.
b. Citation of a book edited:
i. By a single editor:
R. K. Raizada (ed.), WOMEN AND THE LAW, 1st ed. 1996, p. 45.
ii. By two editors:
Archana Parashar and AmitaDhanda (eds.), REDEFINING FAMILY LAW IN
INDIA, 1st ed. 2008, p. 293.
iii. By Multiple editors (three or more than three):
Ranbir Singh, et al. (eds.), CYBER SPACE AND THE LAW-ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES, 1st ed. 2004, p. 356.
c. Citation of a book revised:
i. By single revised author:
Satyajeet Desai (rev.), D.F. Mulla, PRINCIPLES OF HINDU LAW, Vol. I, 18th
ed. 2001, pp. 123-126.
ii. By two revised authors:
Rangnath Mishra and Vijender Kumar (rev.), John D. Mayne TREATISE ON
HINDU LAW & USAGE, 16th ed. 2009, p. 915.
iii. By Multiple revised authors (three or more than three):
T.V. Subba Rao, et al. (rev.), G.C.V. Subba Rao, FAMILY LAW IN INDIA,
10th ed. 2011, pp. 123-124.
d. Article [Published in the Journal]
i. Citation of an article published in a Journal:
Vijender Kumar, Basis and Nature of Pious Obligation of Son to Pay Fathers
Debt vis--vis Statutory Modifications in Hindu Law, 36 JILI (1994), p. 339.
ii. Citation of an article that is published in two Volumes/Parts of a Journal:
 Daljit Singh, Desirability of Instant Divorce by the Judiciary: A Critique, 45
(pts. 3-4) JILI (2003), p. 439, 46 (pts. 1-2) (2004), JILI, p. 127.
iii. Citation of an article Published in a book edited:
Elizabeth S. Scott, Marital Commitment and the Legal Regulation of Divorce,
Antony W Dnes (ed.), THE LAW AND ECONOMICS OF MARRIAGE AND
DIVORCE, 1st ed. 2002, p. 35.
iv. Citation of a paper/ article Published in a Law/Case Reporter:
B. B. Pande, Right to Life or Death?: For Bharat both cannot be Right, (1994)
4 SCC, Journal p. 19.
v. Citation of an research paper Published as a part of a Survey of Law, (e.g.,
Annual Survey of Indian Law):
Poonam Pradhan Saxena, Family Law and Succession, 37 ASIL (2001), p.
311.
vi. Citation of a paper/write-up Published in a Newspaper:
Chirdeep Bagga, Law may put daughters, sons on a par, THE TIMES OF
INDIA, Hyderabad, Friday, December 17, 2004, p. 10.
vii. Citation of website [Book/Article ect.]:
Lon Fuller, Morality of Law, http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocot.html
(November 11, 2011).
2. Bibliography
The bibliography should not have any bullets or serial number to it. The bibliography
shall be divided in to different sections to indicate a set of resources used in the research
report, viz., (i) List of Books; (ii) List of Journal; (iii) List of Websites and any other
sources being used. The method of bibliography would be as under:
a. Bibliography of a Book authored:
i. By a single writer:
Ashutosh Mookerjee, MARRIAGE, SEPARATION AND DIVORCE, 3rd ed.
2002, Kamal Law House, Calcutta.
ii. By two writers:
Paras Diwan and Peeyushi Diwan, FAMILY LAW, 4th ed. 1998, Allahabad Law
Agency, Allahabad.
iii. By Multiple writers (three or more than three):
Christina L. Kunz, et al., LEGAL RESEARCH, 4th ed. 1996, Aspen Law &
Business, USA.
 b. Bibliography of a book edited:
i. By a single editor:
R. K. Raizada (ed.), WOMEN AND THE LAW, 1st ed. 1996, The Bright Law
House, Rohtak.
ii. By two editors:
Archana Parashar and Amita Dhanda (eds.), REDEFINING FAMILY LAW IN
INDIA, 1st ed. 2008, Routledge, New Delhi.
iii. By Multiple writers (three or more than three):
Ranbir Singh, et al. (eds.), CYBER SPACE AND THE LAW-ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES, 1st ed. 2004, NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad.
iv. Case Law
Carl Estate Ltd. v. Jagdish J.N. Counte (2005) 4 Bom CR 630.
c. Bibliography of an article [Published in the Journal]:
i. Bibliography of an article published in a Journal:
Vijender Kumar, Basis and Nature of Pious Obligation of Son to Pay Fathers
Debt vis--vis Statutory Modifications in Hindu Law, 36 JILI (1994), The Indian
Law Institute, New Delhi.
ii. Bibliography of an article that is published in two Volumes/Parts of a Journal:
Daljit Singh, Desirability of Instant Divorce by the Judiciary: A Critique, 45
(pts. 3-4) JILI (2003), p. 439, 46 (pts. 1-2) (2004), JILI, The Indian Law Institute,
New Delhi.
iii. Bibliography of an article [Published in a book edited]:
Elizabeth S. Scott, Marital Commitment and the Legal Regulation of Divorce,
Antony W. Dnes, THE LAW AND ECONOMICS OF MARRIAGE AND
DIVORCE, 1st ed. 2002, Cambridge University Press, UK.
iv. Bibliography of a paper/ article Published in a Law/Case Reporter:
B.B.Pande, Right to Life or Death?: For Bharat both cannot be Right, (1994) 4
SCC, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
v. Bibliography of an research paper Published as a part of a Survey of Law, (e.g.,
Annual Survey of Indian Law):
Poonam Pradhan Saxena, Family Law and Succession, 37 ASIL (2001), The
Indian Law Institute, New Delhi.
vi. Bibliography of a paper/write-up Published in a Newspaper:
 ChirdeepBagga, Law may put daughters, sons on a par, THE TIMES OF
INDIA, Friday, December 17, 2004, The Times of India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad.
d. Bibliography of website:
Lon Fuller, Morality of Law,http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocot.html

Some general rules of formatting:

1. The single numbers do not begin with zero
2. Remove hyperlinks in all citations of URLs
3. The format of date should be as January 1, 2017
4. Dots should be used in every abbreviation, except in the case of citations
5. Italics are to be used in non-English words, quotes
6. The short forms of the words which are acceptable are:
a. For paragraph, use pilcrow , for multiple paragraphs, add
b. Art. for article
c. Dn. for division
d. Cl. for clause
e. No. for number
f. Reg. for regulation
g. Sc. for scene
h. Sec. for section
i. Vol. for volume
j. Add s to the short form for the plural words
k. Chap. (s) for Chapter (s) (e.g., in chap. 2, chaps. 4-6).
l. Col. (s) for Column (s), (e.g., see cols. 1-4)
m. Ed. (s) for Editor (s) or edited (e.g., P.V. Kane, ed.); edition (e.g., 2nd ed.)
n. E. G. for Exempli gratia, for example
o. Et al. for et alia, and others (used to refer to co-author, when there are three
or more)
p. Ibid for ibidem; in the same place or work - used when two or more
successive footnotes are referred to the same work; if reference is to different
page (s), page No. (s) are indicated.
q. Supra for above; used to refer to text already cited.
r. Op. cit for opere citato; in the work cited- used when reference is made to the
same work as a preceding but not immediately preceding reference.
s. SIC for thus; used to call attention to the fact that an error in spelling,
grammar or fact is in the original; enclosed by square brackets [ ] and placed
immediately after the work or phrase in question.
t. v. for versus ; against.
u. Vid or vide : see
v. P., PP. for page, e.g. p. 40, for pages, pp. 71-72.
w. Cd (s) for Column (s) e.g. see cols. 1-3.

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