And
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
REPORT
1
1. IMPORTANT NOTICE
In terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of
2002 as amended), the Minister must grant a prospecting or mining right if
among others the mining will not result in unacceptable pollution, ecological
degradation or damage to the environment.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
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sections of the Report, in the order, and under the provided headings as set
out below, and ensure that the report is not cluttered with un-interpreted
information and that it unambiguously represents the interpretation of the
applicant.
(b) identify the alternatives considered, including the activity, location, and technology
alternatives;
(d) through the undertaking of an impact and risk assessment process inclusive of
cumulative impacts which focused on determining the geographical, physical,
biological, social, economic, heritage , and cultural sensitivity of the sites and
locations within sites and the risk of impact of the proposed activity and
technology alternatives on the these aspects to determine:
(i) the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration, and probability of the
impacts occurring to; and
(ii) the degree to which these impacts
(aa) can be reversed;
(bb) may cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and
(cc) can be managed, avoided or mitigated;
(e) through a ranking of the site sensitivities and possible impacts the activity and
technology alternatives will impose on the sites and location identified through the
life of the activity to
(i) identify and motivate a preferred site, activity and technology alternative;
(ii) identify suitable measures to manage, avoid or mitigate identified impacts; and
(iii) identify residual risks that need to be managed and monitored.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
March 2017
Prepared for:
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd
Prepared by:
CSIR
P O Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599
Tel: +27 21 888 2432
Fax: +27 21 888 2693
Email: kstroebel@csir.co.za
Lead Authors:
Kelly Stroebel and Minnelise Levendal
CSIR 2017. All rights to the intellectual property and/or contents of this document remain vested
in the CSIR. This document is issued for the sole purpose for which it is supplied. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by
means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the express written
permission of the CSIR. It may also not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of
trade in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
PART A
SCOPE OF ASSSSMENT AND BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT
EDUCATION
M.Sc. (Botany) -Stellenbosch University-1998
B.Sc. (Hons.) (Botany) -University of the Western Cape - 1994
B.Sc. (Education) - University of the Western Cape- 1993
MEMBERSHIPS:
International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), Western Cape (member of their steering
committee from 2001-2003)
IUCN Commission on Education and Communication (CEC); World Conservation Learning Network
(WCLN)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Society of Conservation Biology (SCB)
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Please see Appendix B for a list of projects Minnelise has been involved in and a full CV.
c) Locality map
(show nearest town, scale not smaller than 1:250000).
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd is proposing a small-scale diamond mining endeavour (mineral exploration,
excavation, mining and washing) on 1.5 hectares of the 50 hectare farm of Kwaggaslagte 121-1 located
near the Ga-Motlatla Village, North West. This area falls under the Ditsobotla Local Municipality, within
the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality and is approximately 35 km from Ventersdorp. The site
has been previously mined and Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd plans to re-excavate the mining site (Appendix C and
D). The proposed project will include the application for a mining permit which triggers a listed activity in
terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations, Government Notice Regulations
(GNR) 983 of December 2014, promulgated under the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA)
(Act no 107 of 1998).
The project will entail an open cast/trenching method of excavation. Trenching will be developed
according to the width of the vein following the lateral direction. Mined ore will be trammed using a 10
tonne dump truck to the washing facility. The material will be sorted using machinery in a processing
space of 20m x 30m. Open-cast mines are dug on benches, which describe vertical levels of the hole.
These benches are on four to sixty meter intervals (the determination of the use of benches will be
informed later in the development process). In terms of blasting, the weathering of the rocks will be
examined in order to determine the angle of the blast so as to minimize damage and danger from rock
falls. Additional ground support may be required such as rock bolts, cable bolts and shotcrete. De-
watering bores may be used to relieve water pressure by drilling horizontally into the wall, which is often
enough to cause failures in the wall by itself. A haul road will be situated at the side of the pit, forming a
ramp up which trucks can drive, carrying ore and waste rock. Waste rock will be piled up at the surface,
near the edge of the open pit (waste dump). The waste dump will be tiered and stepped, to minimize
degradation.
This simplified graphic below describes the sequence of events for open-cast mining:
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Feed conveyor
Concrete tapping bin
Storage Bin
Small Feeder
Stockpile area
Truck Load Backhoe (TLB)
Existing borehole
Water pump, pumpoing system and lighting.
Diesel storage tank
Machinery/vehicle maintenance area
Storage facility
Septic toilets
Security/Workers facility and office (portable trailer)
Sorting room
Stormwater management infrastructure
Access road (existing)
Clearance of an area of 5 ha of vegetation (See terrestrial ecology specialist study attached)
In terms of the phases of the project, due to the fact that there is an existing excavation, construction will
only include preparing the area for the mobile facilities and re-grading the existing road (Appendix D). Due
to the fact the Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd will be using mobile and temporary facilities and washing operations, no
destruction will be involved in the decommissioning phase. The surface area will be rehabilitated by
establishing the general topography of the surrounding area, ensuring that there are no remnants of the
structures. Closure and rehabilitation of pits will be undertaken during the operational phase of the
operation when the activities are completed in those pits. Post-closure monitoring will assist in determining
the success of the rehabilitation and also identify whether any additional measures need to be taken to
ensure the area is restored to a reasonable and acceptable condition. The figures below represent the
existing state of the excavation on site.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
National Environmental Management Act (Act S24(1) of NEMA This Basic Assessment
107 of 1998), as amended S28(1) of NEMA Report is the subject of this
Act.
National Mineral and Petroleum Resources Section 102 A mining permit application
Development Act (Act No 28 of 2002) has been applied for (Ref:
XXXX
National Water Act (NWA), 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) S21
National Environmental Management: Waste Act Category A and B There is the potential for
(Act No. 59 of 2008) the generation of some
general, hazardous and
non-hazardous wastes due
to proposed operations. If
required, a Waste License
will be applied for
separately.
National Environmental Management Air Quality Mining Activities Standards for particulates
Act (Act No. 39 of 2004, Government Gazette No. and dust used in IA to
27318) (NEMAQA) regulate the concentration
of a substance that can be
tolerated without any
environmental
deterioration
National Ambient Air Quality Standards Mining Activities See above
(Government Gazette No. 32816) (NAAQS)
National Dust Control Regulations (Government Mining Activities See above
Gazette No. 36974) (NDCR)
The National Heritage Resources Act (Act No. 25 Management/monitoring Heritage Impact
of 1999) measures Assessment has been
conducted as part of this
Application.
National Environmental Management: Mining Activities The potential impact on
Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004) Conservation Important
Floral and faunal species
in the Study Area, and the
management thereof is
addressed in this BAR.
North West Provincial Development Plan Needs and desirability Municipal plans were used
of the proposed to identify relevant socio-
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
PART I: NEED
1. Is the land use associated with the activity Yes. The regional mining operations and
being applied for considered within the regional structures are an integral part of its
timeframe intended by the existing rationale to make use of the abundant natural
approved SDF agreed to be the relevant resources in the area to create strong, resilient
environmental authority? and prosperous districts. The Ditsobotla Local
Municipality revised their integrated
development plan for 2015/2016 2017/2018.
They also created a local Economic
Development Strategy that was adopted by
Council on 29th January 2016.
5. Is this development provided for in the The development is not provided for in the
infrastructure planning of the municipality, infrastructure planning of the municipality as it is
and if not what will the implication be on the a small development of local importance. Thus,
infrastructure planning of the municipality the proposed project will not have any
(priority and placement of the services and implications for the infrastructure planning, as
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
3. Would the approval of this application No, the integrity of the existing environmental
compromise the integrity of the existing management priorities for the area will not be
environmental management priorities for compromised by this development. The
the area (e.g. as defined in EMFs), and if Ditsobotla Municipality states that there are only
so, can it be justified in terms of two important types of mining and quarrying
sustainability considerations? activities which impacts on the spatial
development of the Ditsobotla Local
Municipality: The quarrying of limestone
deposits associated with the manufacturing
activities of Lafarge and AfriSam. Thus, this
proposed project will have no spatial impact.
4. Do location factors favour this land use at Yes, as mentioned in Question 3 above, this
this place? (this relates to the area has been demarcated for mining
contextualization of the proposed land use development in the greater context of the
on this site within its broader context). province due to its location and adjacency to
favourable markets, high land capability and
high intensity of existing mining resulting in the
services, technologies support and labour to be
easily accessible in the area.
5. How will the activity of the land use The development of the proposed development
associated with the activity being applied associated mobile (temporary) infrastructure
for, impact on sensitive natural and cultural measuring around 5 ha in size will exert an
areas (built and rural/natural environment)? impact on the environment; but based on the
findings of the Specialist Studies (Appendix G),
and as per the specialist recommendations and
the locality of the site, the impacts associated
with this proposed development can be
mitigated to an acceptable level (Low, Low-
Medium).
6. How will the development impact on Kindly see Table 1 of this Report with regards to
peoples health and well-being? (E.g. In the Impact Assessment.
terms of noise, odours, visual character
and sense of place, etc.)? In summary, due to the fact that this area has
an extremely low density of residents and
dwellings and the site has been demarcated by
the tribunal council of Ga-Motlatla for mining
activities, the impacts on well-being, following
mitigation, will be as follows:
Visual: Low
Dust: Low
Noise: Low
Sense of place: Low
7. Will the proposed activity or the land use No. The diamond mining industry in South
associated with the activity being applied Africa has been a cornerstone of the economy
for, result in unacceptable opportunity for a long period of history.
costs?
South Africa offers ongoing proof that diamond
revenues can create sizeable benefits to the
economy in countries where they are sourced.
In these countries, diamonds have contributed
to funding impressive economic growth and
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
stability.
8. Will the proposed land use result in No. The proposed project has only been
unacceptable cumulative impacts? identified to have minimal cumulative impacts
that can be mitigated to an acceptable level.
The measures outlined in the EMP attached will
serve as a method to keep the proposed project
from having any serious ling term cumulative
impacts on the receiving environment. impacts.
The project site is located in the Grootpan district of the Ditsobotla Local Municipality, and according to
the municipalitys 2016 Local Economic Development Strategy, the identified flagship projects of this
ward are diamond, manganese mining and services. The proposed method of open pit mining allows
easy access of machinery to the site and does not require extensive machinery as other methods,
making it feasible for small-scale miners. It reduces the overall costs associated with the mining
process, thus allowing financial viability in small scale mining of mineral deposits.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd has plans to boost local socio-economic development through this proposed
project, which is surrounded by the village of Ga-Motlatla, and will provide employment opportunities,
thus stimulating development in the community. The proposed project therefore is an effort to make
use of available opportunities and development prospects in line with the Ditsobotla 2016 Local
Economic Development Strategy as well as those of the North West Provincial Development Plan
aimed to promote Small, Medium and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMME) in communities with mining
potential.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
The Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) commissioned the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) to run the Special Needs and Skills Development (SNSD) Programme which is aimed at
providing pro bono Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for people who are classified as special needs
clients/applicants, specifically Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), Community Trusts, Individuals
or Government Programmes. The CSIR received an application from Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd under the SNSD
Programme. The CSIR identified the Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd as a client or a special needs applicant and has
agreed to assist them with acquiring Environmental Authorization for the project on a pro bono basis,
including the cost of the basic assessment, specialist studies, site visits and human resources.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd is a 100% black owned entity supported by government funding. The land is being
leased to Mosotetsi by the local tribal council of Ga-Motlatla who are in full support of this project. Thus, the
site which is being investigated in this report is the only site available to this entity and there are no available
alternative sites to be considered. The layout of the proposed project has been carefully informed by the
findings of the Specialist studies (Appendices G1, G2, G3, G4) so as to avoid removing too many areas
special concern.
b) No alternatives to the mining of diamonds have been considered; mining of these minerals was identified as
an important enterprise to the area and community. The operating plan for the proposed project has been
informed by extensive market research and an assessment of the need of the products that will be produced.
A robust economic assessment has been developed for the approval of this project. In addition to the
economic viability, the jobs being created by the proposed development will be sourced to local communities.
c) The site layout was determined by considering both spatial and practical mining operation aspects. The
proposed layout will allow for more effective management of mined ores.
d) No alternative technology has been considered for the proposed mining activity as support has been given by
mining industries who are able to advise on the best technology for the associated activity.
e) The optimal operational activities have been proposed, inclusive of the site layout and mobile infrastructure,
in consideration of spatial aspects, post-mining appearance, as well as reducing costs associated with
stripping down built infrastructure.
f) The no-go activity has been considered, and assumes that should the proposed activity not proceed then the
status quo would remain. This includes no clearing of land, no digging of trenches, no mining operations on
site and no decommissioning at the end of the project life cycle. This project is in an area of mineral potential
and that the proposed mining would lead to job creation, contribution to the GDP of the municipality and the
province, and be an opportunity to improve the local socio-economic situation. Thus, the no-go option will not
be taken forward into the assessment phase
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Public participation activities that have been / are to be undertaken to inform the public, stakeholders and
Organs of State of the applications and availability of the Basic Assessment Report are listed below.
Newspaper Adverts published on the 27 November 2015 in the Klerksdorp Record (English) and
The Lentswe (Tswana) (see copy of the adverts as Appendix E1).
Site notices (English and Tswana) placed at the following location on the 27 November 2015:
Entrance to the site (GPS co-ordinates: 260430.6S, 263351.3E). Proof of placement of the site
notices and contents of the site notices can be seen as Appendix E2.
A letter indicating the announcement of the Basic Assessment Process, a Background Information
Document (BID) and a comment and registration form was sent to all pre-identified I&APs on the
th
25 November 2015. This communication was sent electronically via email as well as via post to
I&APs whose email addresses were not available. Copies of the documents mentioned above can
be seen as Appendix E3. The I&AP database is attached as Appendix E4.
An email and post to registered I&APs, landowners, ward councillors and commenting authorities
(Local and District Municipalities) has been sent to notify these parties of the application and
availability of the Draft Report for 30-day commenting period. Comments received during the 30 day
public participation period have been incorporated in the Final Report which has been submitted to
the competent Authority (DMR) for their decision. The Draft Basic Assessment Report and Draft
Environmental Management Programme have therefore been made available at the following
th th
locations from the 30 January 2017 to the 28 February 2017 (30 day public participation period,
accounting for public holidays):
o Lichtenburg Library (Nelson Mandela Street, Lichtenburg)
o CSIR Special Needs and Skills Development Website under Draft Reports:
https://www.csir.co.za/environmental-impact-assessment
Copies and proof of correspondence to I&APs as well as Comments from I&APs can be seen in
Appendix E3 and E5 respectively.
17
iii) Summary of issues raised by I&Aps
(Complete the table summarising comments and issues raised, and reaction to those responses)
NOTE: The comments below were received following the release of the Draft Basic Assessment Report on 30 January 2017. A copy of the full I&AP database can
be seen in Appendix E4. Proof of notification of reports for comment can be seen in Appendix E3. Copies of the correspondence received by I&APs can be
found in Appendix E5.
Lines left blank are where no comments were received by that party.
Interested and Affected Parties Date Issues raised EAPs response to issues Section
Comments as mandated by the and
List the names of persons Received applicant paragraph
consulted in this column, and reference
Mark with an X where those who in this
must be consulted were in fact report
consulted. where the
issues and
or
response
were
incorporat
ed.
AFFECTED PARTIES
Landowner/s X
Lawful occupier/s of the X
land
Landowners or lawful X
occupiers
on adjacent properties
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Municipal councillor X
Municipality X
Organs of state X
(Responsible for
infrastructure that may be
affected Roads
Department,
Eskom, Telkom, DWA e
Mr. Jan Oliver X 04/02/2016 Applications and request for comments must be emailed to Noted. Thank you. Appendix
NRStatutory@nra.co.za and not to Victoria Bota (individuals). That E5.
SANRAL way, you will receive an acknowledgement of receipt and tracking of
the application by Ria Barkhuizen delegating the requests.
Department of Rural, a) The probable occurrence of Red Data species on site endangered CI species.
must be further investigated and verified. Should such Please see Appendix G3 for
Environmental and
species be found on site, relevant permit regarding detailed information on which
Agricultural Development removal or disturbance of Red Data species must be CI species are present on site.
obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry
(READ)
and Fisheries prior to the removal or disturbance of such 2c) Please see Section D (iv)
species. highlighting that the fuel
b) This Department recommended that all plant species of storage will be under the
conservation importance (if any) be removed from the maximum and no additional
demarcated mining area prior to the commencement of listed activity need be applied
mining, and must either be relocated outside of the for.
development area or donated to the South African
National Biodiversity institute in consultation with 2d) The tearsheet of the actual
Biodiversity Management Directorate of this Department. newspaper advert needs to be
c) The Basic Assessment Report indicates that an area of 2 zoomed out so as to see the
hectares will be used for storage of hazardous substance date of publication at the top
(fuel). However, the report did not specify the quantity of right of the page (27
hazardous substances that will be stored on site. Kindly November 2015). A clearly
be advised that storage of hazardous substances in written copy of the contents of
certain quantities (80 cubic metres and more /30 cubic each advert has been placed
metres for Critical Biodiversity Area) may be a listed on the page before each
activity which requires environmental authorisation. In tearsheet. Please see
this regard, the applicant must ensure that hazardous Appendix E1.
substances to be stored on site are below the threshold
of any listed activity in terms of NEMA ElA Regulations, 2e) Please see Part B (EMPr)
2014, as this activity was not covered by the scope of for a description and mitigation
this application. All hazardous substance storage areas measures for water pollution.
must be bunded.
d) Proof of newspaper advertisement that was included in 2f) Please see Appendix E4
the BAR is not clearly visible. The newspaper indicating that DWS/DWA has
advertisement should be readable, and clearly indicate been consulted throughout this
the name and date of the publication. The Basic process and no comments
Assessment Report must contain all information of public have been received. The
participation process that was undertaken for this project, required mine operation
including proof of newspaper advertisement. volume falls within the General
e) The Basic Assessment Report indicates that a washing Authorisation, in terms of water
facility will be established on site; hence the report did use, of the farm portion, and
not describe the pollution state of water from the washing therefore a Section 21 (a)
facility and details of how such water will be managed. water use licence will not be
This information should be included in the BAR, as it is required by the mine.
important to determine pollution level of the mining
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
operation, and to propose adequate mitigation measures. 2g) This section (section H iii)
f) The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) must be shows responses to
consulted regarding the proposed abstraction of water comments. Copies of all
from the borehole for the purpose of mining, and to comments received can be
determine their water use licence requirements. seen in Appendix E5.
g) All comments received from registered interested and
affected parties must be addressed and incorporated in Thank you for your comments.
the Basic Assessment Report.
Should you have any queries regarding the above matter, please do
not hesitate to contact this office.
Other Competent X
Authorities affected
Mrs. Natasha Higgit X 03/06/2016 A Phase 1 PIA includes a field assessment of the impact footprint. As A full Heritage Specialist Study Appendix G1
the mining operations have already exposed the bedrock, the was conducted and is attached and Section J.
SAHRA palaeontologist can examine the geology and may identify fossil as Appendix G1
material. A full Palaeontological and Heritage specialist study is
required, including a field assessment as a desktop study cannot
accurately predict what is present at the site. The impact footprint
should be surveyed by a qualified palaeontologist and heritage
specialist. The mitigation measures provided in the reports should
then be included in the BAR and EMP.
OTHER AFFECTED PARTIES
Mr. Sampie van der Merwe 02/02/2017 Thank you for your comments Appendix
1. Thank you very much for informing us of this draft basic and they are noted. Please G3.
Reserve Manager assessment report in connection to this proposed mining activity. see Appendix G3 for the fauna
and flora specialist study.
Barberspan Bird Sanctuary 2. As the area is situated far from Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, which
is situated between Sannieshof and Delareyville, about 120 km to the
west of the proposed activity, it is my opinion that it will not has an
effect on our area [nature reserve/ ramsar site] and we will not
actively partake in the process.
6
i) The Environmental attributes associated with the alternatives.(The
environmental attributed described must include socio-economic, social, heritage, cultural,
geographical, physical and biological aspects)
Climatic Information
The study area receives rainfall, mostly during the summer months. Figure 3 shows monthly rainfall and
temperature data from January 2015 up until February 2016. The highest rainfall has been received over
January, with February and December receiving very little rainfall. The annual rainfall from January to
December 2015 was 218 mm, which indicates a dryer than usual year. The maximum temperatures range
from 30C in January and December and the minimum temperatures range from 1C in June and July.
Figure 3: Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Patterns for Lichtenburg from January 2015 to February
2016
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
North West Province
March 2, 2017
Geology
The Chuniespoort Group (situated within the Transvaal Basin of the Transvaal Supergroup), and specifically the
Neoarchaean (~2600-2500 million years old [Ma]) dolomites of the Malmani Subgroup, dominates the region
surrounding the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine. The chert-rich dolomites (i.e. magnesium-rich calcium
carbonate rock) of the Monte Christo Formation, which falls within the Malmani Subgroup, underlie the proposed
mine and dip shallowly (<10) to the north.
The depositional environment of the Malmani Subgroup is interpreted to have been a stable shallow marine
platform and basin e.g. something akin to the present day Great Barrier Reef, and has been subdivided into the
following formations (oldest to youngest): Oaktree, Monte Christo, Lyttelton, Eccles and Frisco Formations (See
Geo-hydrology specialist study attached as Appendix G3).
The ~10-200 m thick Oaktree Formation, which occurs 10 km SSE of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine,
forms the base of the Malmani Subgroup and consists of carbonaceous shales, stromatolitic dolomites and
locally developed. The Monte Christo Formation (which underlies the proposed mine as well as the immediate
area within a ~10 km radius of the mine) is ~300-500 m thick and consists of chert-rich dolomite and oolitic.
The remaining Malmani Subgroup formations that overlie the Monte Christo Formation occur east and north of
the proposed mine. The Lyttelton Formation immediately overlies the Monte Christo Formation ~1.5 km north of
the proposed mine, consists of 100-200 m of shales, quartzites and stromatolitic dolomites, and is rich in iron
and manganese. This is overlain by the 600 m thick cherty dolomites of the Eccles Formation. The Frisco
Formation forms the top of the Malmani Subgroup and consists of 400 m of stromatolitic dolomites.
Hydrology
The proposed site falls within the Middle Vaal Management Area (WMA) 9, Quaternary Catchment C24F and
Ecoregion 11.01 (Highveld eco-region) (Figure 4). According to the DWA (2012), the Middle Vaal WMA is
located downstream of the confluence of the Vaal and the Rietspruit Rivers and upstream of Bloemhof Dam. It
extends to the Skoonspruit River in the north and the Vet River in the south, and covers a total catchment area
of 52 563 km2. The Middle Vaal WMA incorporates portions of the Free State and North-West Provinces and is,
therefore, important to the regional economies of these provinces. Major rivers in the Middle Vaal WMA include
the Skoonspruit, Renoster, Vals, Vet and Vaal rivers (DWA, 2012).
The Monamaladi River (19km south west of the site) is a tributary of the Taaibosspruit, which flows south and
joins the Skoonspruit and eventually the Vaal River just downstream of the town of Orkney. In the Skoonspruit
Catchment, land use is predominately mining, dryland and limited irrigated agriculture and urbanization. The
Skoonspruit dolomitic eye represents an important resource in the upper part of the catchment, providing water
for irrigation agriculture and Ventersdorp as well as base flow in the river. There are also substantial irrigation
abstractions through boreholes from the dolomitic compartments feeding the eye. Major impacts include mining
and agricultural return flows, flow regulation for irrigation use, and water quality related problems due to
urbanization, mining and agriculture (DWA, 2012).
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The site is situated in the Grassland Biome, and more specifically the Gh 15 Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
(Figure 5). The Grassland Biome is found primarily on the high central plateau of South Africa. The majority of plant
species within grasslands are non-grassy herbs (forbs), most of which are perennial plants with large underground
storage structures. Frost, fire and grazing maintain the herbaceous grass and forb layer, and ultimately prevent the
establishment of tall woody plants. This vegetation unit occurs on slightly undulating plains dissected by prominent
rocky chert ridges. Species-rich grasslands forming a complex mosaic pattern dominated by many species
Habitat diversity within the small relatively flat chert-dominated Kwaggaslaagte site is low and as such a low faunal
diversity is expected to occur. In spite of this a number of Conservation Important Species (CIS) may utilise the site
albeit sporadically. Few (if any) are likely to be resident and most CIS will not be dependent on the site (Terrestrial
Ecology specialist study attached as Appendix G2).
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
North West Province
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Figure 5: Vegetation Communities within the site (above) and Figure 6: Threatened Ecosystems (below)
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
North West Province
March 2, 2017
Socio-economic characteristics
The proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd small-scale diamond mining endeavour is on 1.5 hectares of the 50 hectare
farm of Kwaggaslagte 121-1 located near the Ga-Motlatla Village, North West. This area falls under the Ditsobotla
Local Municipality, within the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality and is approximately 35 km from
Ventersdorp. Sometimes referred to as the Platinum Province, North West is well-known for significant production
of this valuable commodity. The province is centrally located with excellent road and rail infrastructure to all
Southern African countries. The North West has an area of 106,512 km which is 8.72% of the area of South
Africa and has a population of approximately 3.4 million people which is approximately 7.2% of the South African
population.
The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is situated in the centre of the North West Province, and shares a
border with Botswana. It covers an area of more than 27,985 km, which is about a quarter of the Province. Its
area of jurisdiction covers the local municipalities of Ditsobotla (the study area is the second largest municipality
with regards to area coverage 6,477 km), Mafikeng (the capital of the North West Province 3,706 km),
Ramotshere Moiloa (7,207 km) Ratlou (4,618 km) and Tswaing (5,977 km). The principal towns in the districts
are Mafikeng, Zeerust and Lichtenburg. This is a predominantly rural region. Farming activities focus on cattle
ranching, game farming (Zeerust), and maize, wheat, fruit and vegetable cultivation. Several kinds of minerals,
including gold, diamonds, lime and salt are also mined. Agriculture and mining form the economic backbone of the
district. Ditsobotla Local Municipality covers 6,477 km that hold extensive commercial farms. Farming is focused
on livestock (cattle, sheep and pigs) and crop production (cotton, peanuts, maize, soya and corn). The agricultural
sector is by far the largest provider of employment, both skilled and unskilled, in the region. Based on the latest
available data, Ditsobotla Municipality had a population of over 170,784 people in 2012 with a per annum growth
rate of 1% equalling that of the District (1%), and the Province (3%). There are slightly more females (51%) than
men (49%) in South Africa, and the male and female proportions have remained relatively equal for the years,
2011 and 2012. The Provincial, District and Municipal gender distributions are relatively in line with National
trends. The potentially economically active category includes members of the population who are not working but
who fall under the (15-64) age group and are not able to work due to different factors like disability, not wanting to
work, students, etc. The above Table shows that within the economically active population, the percentage of
employed population in South Africa and the North West Province is 67% and 69% respectively, while the
remaining 33% and 31% are unemployed. The Ngaka Modiri Molema District and Ditsobotla Municipality have
employment rates of 62% and 72% of the economically active population being employed respectively, while 38%
and 28% of the economic active population is respectively unemployed.
Table 1: Economically active population and employment status, 2012 (Ditsobotla LED Strategy, 2016)
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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In 2012, the community services sector by far made the largest contribution to the employment in Ditsobotla Municipality,
absorbing more than a quarter (26%) of the local employment (Figure 7). The share of contribution from this sector to
employment is slightly larger than the share of the same sector to the contribution of GDPR. This indicates that, while the
wholesale and trade industry remains an important economic sector for the Municipality, it is an even more important
sector in terms of supplying a large number of jobs opportunities. Trade (14%) and agriculture (18%) sectors also made
significant contributions to local employment. The agriculture sector is a large employment creator. However, the
agriculture sector is a far smaller GVA R contributor. This indicates that, while the agriculture sector is an important job
creating sector for the Municipality, it is not supplying high paid job opportunities and it is not contributing equally to the
economic contribution of the economy.
Figure 7: Sectoral Percentage distribution of employment, 2012 (Ditsobotla LED Strategy, 2016)
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
North West Province
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Cultural Heritage
The site lies in a rural area just west of a village. There are no roads, power lines or any other infrastructure in
the general area. The farmland in the broader region is mostly used for livestock grazing. The National Cultural
History Museum (1995) conducted a broad survey of a large area to the north of Lichtenburg. They report on the
presence of Early Stone Age (ESA) artefacts at the diamond mines, while Van Schalkwyk (2008) notes that ESA
and Middle Stone Age (MSA) artefacts have been unearthed in the various diamond mines of the area and are
also sometimes found along river courses. Further west, the gravels of the lower Vaal River are very well known
for the ESA material and fossil animal bones that they have produced (Cooke 1949; Goodwin 1928; Klein 1988;
Peringuey 1911). Whether the same degree of archaeological and fossil material might be present further east in
palaeo-river channels is not known, but at least some artefactual material has been collected from the region
(Mitchell 2002; Peringuey 1911). The National Cultural History Museum (1995) also noted the existence of
earlier mining settlements near Lichtenburg with one (Carlisonia) having been reduced to rubble and another
(Grasfontein) being represented solely by its general dealers shop. In a more detailed survey of a site just north
of Lichtenburg, Hutten (2012) was unable to locate any heritage resources. Van Schalkwyk (2008), too, found no
Stone Age material on his linear survey extending north-westwards from Lichtenburg through Bakerville. We do
know, however, that Later Stone Age (LSA) engravings do occur on dolomitic rocks in the general area (Willcox
1963; Figure 8). The Gestoptefontein-Driekuil Complex is a well-known set of engraving sites occurring some
110 km to the southwest of the study area and that include both Stone Age and historical imagery (Hollman
2011). Iron Age archaeology is well-known to occur in the general region, although the lack of suitable building
rock in the area is the likely reason why kraal structures have not been recorded here. Mason (1968:172) noted
that Iron Age settlers avoided extensive grasslands such as the grasslands of the western Karoo Highveld on
the Lichtenburg Plain, possibly because of the rarity of surface streams and low relief which denied water and
natural topographic protection to settlers in such territory.
Lichtenburg was a farming community that developed during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The town
itself was established in 1873. The nearby village of Bakerville lies at the site of the early twentieth century
diamond diggings. Lichtenburg saw action during the South African War (a.k.a. Anglo-Boer War). The town was
a strategic position and was held by both the Boer and British forces in turn. Colonel Robert Baden-Powell led a
rd
large British force to secure the town and surrounding territory in November 1900, but on Sunday 3 March
1901 some 400 Boers under the joint commands of Generals De la Rey, Smuts, Celliers, Vermaas and Lemmer
attacked the town. This was the Battle of Lichtenburg. Fourteen Boers and eighteen British were killed, while 38
Boers and 24 British were wounded (Van Vuuren 2015).
The first diamond to be discovered in the area was found in 1924 on the farm Elandsputte by John Voorendyk
when digging a hole to construct a cattle dip. However, the State Geologist at the time, Dr Harger, was
unconvinced of the nature of the deposits and it was only two years later when diamonds were again discovered
in the area that Dr Harger commenced prospecting. Ironically, and due to a navigational error on his part
subsequent work by him was carried out on part of Elandsputte and his rich findings there precipitated the 1926
Lichtenburg diamond rush (Smith 2006). Voorendyks cattle dip was declared a National Monument (now a
Provincial Heritage Site [PHS]) in 1980 (SAHRA n.d.). Aerial photography shows that the area around the
th
present site has not been subjected to very much early 209 century excavation as compared to the region
closer to Lichtenburg.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Figure 8: Extract of a map showing the distribution of rock engravings (\\\) and paintings (///) in South Africa. The
present study area lies to the southwest of Site 16 on the map (red oval). Source: Willcox (1963: fig. 2).
The National Cultural History Museum (1995) noted that the historic diamond mining landscape was constantly
changing as a result of people reworking old mine dumps and sometimes using the material to refill old mine pits. The
area was also found to be littered with old equipment and machinery, while a variety of corrugated iron structures
dating to the old mining days were also noted. The National Cultural History Museum (1995) also recorded a number
of cemeteries in the area near Lichtenburg. These were for either black or white people and were generally in very
poor condition.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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This Section details the varying land uses located within and surrounding the Study Area.
Residential
As previously stated the village of Ga-Motlala surrounds the Project Site. Some rural residential dwellings / villages
and farm worker residences are scattered throughout the Study Area.
Agriculture
The agricultural land uses surrounding the Project Site predominantly comprise grazing fields with smaller sections
of subsistence farming (maize crops). The majority of the area over the last 20 years has been under agriculture
(crop fields).
Tourism
There are no known tourist facilities located within the Study Area.
Transportation Systems
The Study Area is accessed via the R53 North from Ventersdorp, from there, an unnamed road (2603'44.7"S
2637'35.8"E) runs through the Ga-Motlala village arriving at a fork, which is where the entrance to the site is
located. That will be the main access road to the site. Other roads include the local farm and mine roads.
Mining
The area was first inhabited during a diamond rush in 1926, but is now dominated by the production of maize, cattle
and cement. Alluvial diamonds are still mined in the area from the proposed mine towards Ventersdorp.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The following specific environmental features and/or infrastructure have been identified within the footprint of the
proposed main adit and overland conveyor:
The study area is situated in the Grassland Biome, and more specifically the Gh 15 Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
(Figure 5-4), as classified by Mucina & Rutherford (2006). The Grassland Biome is found primarily on the high central
plateau of South Africa. The majority of plant species within grasslands are non-grassy herbs (forbs), most of which
are perennial plants with large underground storage structures. Frost, fire and grazing maintain the herbaceous grass
and forb layer, and ultimately prevent the establishment of tall woody plants (Tainton, 1999).
This vegetation unit occurs on slightly undulating plains dissected by prominent rocky chert ridges. Species-rich
grasslands forming a complex mosaic pattern dominated by many species (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006).
From the field investigations the study area was predominantly flat to slightly undulating with very homogenous
vegetation structure. The majority of the site was transformed through previous mining (excavation) and agricultural
practices. Therefore only slight variations in vegetation structure could be seen with the following habitat groups being
defined:
Natural habitat pockets
o Themeda-Ziziphus-Seriphium Rocky Grassland
Transformed - Open pit
Transformed
o Seriphium -Berkheya Rocky Grassland (Past Farming)
o Seriphium- Melinis- Themeda Rocky Grassland (in recovery)
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Site Infrastructure
Currently no infrastructure exists on site apart from the previously mined area (1.5 ha) and the existing gravel
road which will need to be graded and upgraded slightly. No settlements will be displaced due to this
development and the nearest community point is approximately 3 km from the mine site.
An environmental and current land use map has been attached as Appendix D.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Table 1 below provides a thorough assessment of the potential impacts associated with the proposed
development. This impact assessment matrix includes the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration and
probability of the impacts as well as the degree to which these impacts can be mitigated, and significance before
and after mitigation. The key at the bottom of the table describes each aspects of the matrix. The impacts
described below have been informed by the specialist studies, as well as expertise in the impact assessment field.
The methodology used to inform the contents of this matrix are described in section (vi) below.
Note: This impact assessment matrix has been informed by the public comments on the Draft Report.
14
Table 1: Impact Assessment Matrix for the Proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Project
Phase where
impact is Irreplaceabili Can impact Significance
Significance of
Nature of most ty of Can be of residual Ranking of
Stat impact/risk Reversibility of Potential mitigation
Impact pathway potential anticipated2 Extent3 Duration4 Consequence Probability receiving impact be managed risk/impact impact/
us1 = consequence impact measures
impact/risk environment/ avoided? or (after risk
O& x probability
C D resource mitigated? mitigation)
M
Habitat and
Rehabilitation
loss of
Programme and
species of
Site Long-term Substantial Very likely High No Moderate x ensuring workers are Low 4
Conservation
Clearing of aware on the site
Importance
vegetation boundary.
(CI)
Exposed soil
Medium- Erosion Management
susceptible to Site Moderate Likely Low Yes Low x Very low 5
term Plan (EMPr)
erosion
Fauna and Alien plant
Yes (rehab after
Flora Disturbance of invasions in Plant Search and
Site Long-term Severe Very likely High decommissioning Low x Low 4
soils disturbed Rescue (EMPr)
)
areas
Align powerline
faunal routes to existing
Mortality and Local/regional routes so as to
Fauna Displacement (powerline Long-term Substantial Likely Moderate No Moderate x x concentrate the Low 4
(including CI route) impact in one area,
species) making the risk lower
for the birds.
Contaminatio
Pollution
Spills, pollution n of Local/regional Long-term Severe Likely High No Low Moderate 3
management (EMPr)
groundwater
Adaptive project
Altered
Yes (rehab after design to avoid
hydrological
Water runoff Local Permanent Substantial Likely Moderate decommissioning Low x watercourses; Storm Low 4
regimes and
) Water Management
water quality
Plan (EMPr)
Groundwater
monitoring network
Impact on
(both quality and
available
quantity) should be
Geo- groundwater
established in
hydrology resources and
Increase in use of Medium- association with the
water levels Local/regional Substantial Likely Moderate No Moderate x Low 4
water term DWS and
in the area,
surrounding small
even during
scale diamond mines
drought
in the Ga-Motlatla
conditions.
and northwest
Ventersdorp area.
Leaks, acid Proper set up and
mine maintenance of
Groundwater Medium-
drainage and Local/regional Substantial Likely Moderate No Moderate structures to avoid Low 4
quality term
pollution leaks and spillages.
impacting the Regular water quality
1
Status: Positive (+) ; Negative (-)
2
Construction (C ); Operation and Maintenance (O&M); Decommissioning (D)
3
Site; Local (<10 km); Regional (<100); National; International
4
Very short-term (instantaneous); Short-term (<1yr); Medium-term (1-10 yrs); Long-term (project duration); Permanent (beyond project decommissioning)
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Project
expenditure (incl. Investment
direct capital and growth High High 2
+ Regional Long-term Severe Very likely Yes Moderate x None
investment, and in local (positive) (positive) (positive)
compulsory social economy
investment)
Economic
Proper construction
Development of Decreased and management;
the proposed property Regional Long-term Slight Unlikely Very low Yes High minimise other Very low 5
project values potential impacts
(e.g. tourism)
Buffer Zone Long term
Land Will only be utilizing 5
around Local (while Slight Very likely Very low Yes Low x x Very low 5
Sterilization ha of the farm
development facility is
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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6
iii) Methodology used in determining and ranking the nature, significance,
consequences, extent, duration and probability of potential environmental
impacts and risks;
(Describe how the significance, probability, and duration of the aforesaid identified impacts that were
identified through the consultation process was determined in order to decide the extent to which the initial
site layout needs revision).
CSIR have developed a clearly defined impact assessment methodology. It is our belief that the
impact assessment methodology is sound and adequate to assess the potential impacts and
opportunities associated with the proposed development and operation of the main adit, overland
conveyor and associated surface infrastructure. The methodology used to assess the potential
impacts is outlined below. According to the DEA IEM Series guideline on "Impact Significance"
(2002), there are a number of quantitative and qualitative methods that can be used to identify the
significance of impacts resulting from a development. The process of determining impact
significance should ideally involve a process of determining the acceptability of a predicted impact to
society. Making this process explicit and open to public comment and input would be an
improvement of the EIA/BA process. The CSIRs approach to determining significance is generally
as follows:
Use of expert opinion by the specialists ("professional judgement"), based on their experience, a
site visit and analysis, and use of existing guidelines and strategic planning documents and
conservation mapping (e.g. SANBI biodiversity databases);
Review of specialist assessment by all stakeholders including authorities such as nature
conservation officials, as part of the report review process (i.e. if a nature conservation official
disagreed with the significance rating, then we could negotiate the rating); and
Our approach is more a qualitative approach - we do not have a formal matrix calculation of
significance as is sometimes done.
The following methodology has been provided by the CSIR to all specialists, for incorporation into
specialist assessments:
Nature of Impact - this reviews the type of effect that a proposed activity will have on the
environment and should include what will be affected and how?
Spatial Extent - this should indicate whether the impact will be:
Site specific;
Local (<2 km from site);
Regional (within 30 km of site); or
National.
Duration - The timeframe during which (lifetime of) the impact will be experienced:
Temporary (less than 1 year);
Short term (1 to 6 years);
Medium term (6 to 15 years);
Long term (the impact will cease after the operational life of the activity); or
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Permanent (mitigation will not occur in such a way or in such a time span that the impact can be
considered transient).
Intensity - it should be established whether the impact is destructive or innocuous and should be
described as either:
High (severe alteration of natural systems, patterns or processes such that they temporarily or
permanently cease);
Medium (notable alteration of natural systems, patterns or processes; where the environment
continues to function but in a modified manner); or
Low (negligible or no alteration of natural systems, patterns or processes); can be easily avoided
by implementing appropriate mitigation measures, and will not have an influence on decision-
making.
Probability - this considers the likelihood of the impact occurring and should be described as:
Improbable (little or no chance of occurring);
Probable (<50% chance of occurring);
Highly probable (50 90% chance of occurring); or
Definite (>90% chance of occurring).
Reversibility - this considers the degree to which the adverse environmental impacts are reversible
or irreversible. For example, an impact will be described as low should the impact have little chance
of being rectified to correct environmental impacts. On the other hand, an impact such as the
nuisance factor caused by noise impacts from wind turbines can be considered to be highly
reversible at the end of the project lifespan. The assessment of the reversibility of potential impacts
is based on the following terms:
High - impacts on the environment at the end of the operational life cycle are highly reversible;
Moderate - impacts on the environment at the end of the operational life cycle are reasonably
reversible;
Low - impacts on the environment at the end of the operational life cycle are slightly reversible;
or
Non-reversible - impacts on the environment at the end of the operational life cycle are not
reversible and are consequently permanent.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The status of the impacts and degree of confidence with respect to the assessment of the
significance is stated as follows:
Degree of confidence in predictions: The degree of confidence in the predictions, based on the
availability of information and specialist knowledge. This should be assessed as:
High;
Medium; or
Low.
Based on the above considerations, the specialist provides an overall evaluation of the significance
of the potential impact, which should be described as follows:
Low to very low: the impact may result in minor alterations of the environment and can be
reduced or avoided by implementing the appropriate mitigation measures, and will only have an
influence on the decision-making if not mitigated;
Medium: the impact will result in moderate alteration of the environment and can be reduced or
avoided by implementing the appropriate mitigation measures, and will only have an influence on
the decision-making if not mitigated; or
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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High: Where it could have a no-go implication for the project unless mitigation or re-design is
practically achievable.
Management Actions:
Where negative impacts are identified, mitigatory measures will be identified to avoid or reduce
negative impacts. Where no mitigatory measures are possible this will be stated.
Where positive impacts are identified, augmentation measures will be identified to potentially
enhance these.
Quantifiable standards for measuring and monitoring mitigatory measures and enhancements
will be set. This will include a programme for monitoring and reviewing the recommendations to
ensure their ongoing effectiveness.
Monitoring:
Specialists should recommend monitoring requirements to assess the effectiveness of mitigation
actions, indicating what actions are required, by whom, and the timing and frequency thereof.
Cumulative Impact:
Consideration is given to the extent of any accumulative impact that may occur due to the proposed
development. Such impacts are evaluated with an assessment of similar developments already in
the environment. Such impacts will be either positive or negative, and will be graded as being of
negligible, low, medium or high impact.
Mitigation:
The objective of mitigation is to firstly avoid and minimise impacts where possible and where these
cannot be completely avoided, to compensate for the negative impacts of the development on the
receiving environment and to maximise re-vegetation and rehabilitation of disturbed areas. For each
impact identified, appropriate mitigation measures to reduce or otherwise avoid the potentially
negative impacts are suggested. All impacts are assessed without mitigation and with the mitigation
measures as suggested.
iv) The positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity (in terms of
the initial site layout) and alternatives will have on the environment and
the community that may be affected.
(Provide a discussion in terms of advantages and disadvantages of the initial site layout compared to
alternative layout options to accommodate concerns raised by affected parties)
Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed site layout compared to other layout options in
order to incorporate concerns raised by affected parties (if any) will be addressed following the 30
day public participation period of the Draft Basic Assessment Report.
v) The possible mitigation measures that could be applied and the level of
risk.
(With regard to the issues and concerns raised by affected parties provide a list of the issues raised and
an assessment/ discussion of the mitigations or site layout alternatives available to accommodate or
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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address their concerns, together with an assessment of the impacts or risks associated with the mitigation
or alternatives considered).
Please see section H (iii) for the issues and responses report and how these concerns have been incorporated
into the report. The main issues raised by I&APs needing to be incorporated are as follows:
1. The probable occurrence of Red Data species on site must be further investigated and verified. Should such
species be found on site, relevant permit regarding removal or disturbance of Red Data species must be
obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries prior to the removal or disturbance of
such species.
Where incorporated: Part B EMPr: Impacts to be mitigated in their respective phases (section iv).
2. The Basic Assessment Report indicates that an area of 2 hectares will be used for storage of hazardous
substance (fuel). However, the report did not specify the quantity of hazardous substances that will be stored
on site. Kindly be advised that storage of hazardous substances in certain quantities (80 cubic metres and
more /30 cubic metres for Critical Biodiversity Area) may be a listed activity which requires environmental
authorisation. In this regard, the applicant must ensure that hazardous substances to be stored on site are
below the threshold of any listed activity in terms of NEMA ElA Regulations, 2014, as this activity was not
covered by the scope of this application. All hazardous substance storage areas must be bunded.
Where incorporated: Part B EMPr: Impacts to be mitigated in their respective phases (section iv).
3. The Basic Assessment Report indicates that a washing facility will be established on site; hence the report
did not describe the pollution state of water from the washing facility and details of how such water will be
managed. This information should be included in the BAR, as it is important to determine pollution level of the
mining operation, and to propose adequate mitigation measures.
Where incorporated: Part B EMPr: Impacts to be mitigated in their respective phases (section iv).
The Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) commissioned the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) to run the Special Needs and Skills Development (SNSD) Programme which is aimed at
providing pro bono Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for people who are classified as special needs
clients/applicants, specifically Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), Community Trusts, Individuals
or Government Programmes. The CSIR received an application from Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd under the SNSD
Programme. The CSIR identified Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd as a client or a special needs applicant and has agreed to
assist them with acquiring Environmental Authorization for the project on a pro bono basis, including the cost
of the basic assessment, specialist studies, site visits and human resources.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd is a 100% black owned entity supported by government funding. The land is being leased
to Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd by the local Tribal Council (Confirmation attached as Appendix F). Government land
acquisition offers support to previously disadvantaged individuals who do not have the startup capital to launch
their own enterprise. Thus, the site which is being investigated in this report is the only site available to this
entity and there are no available alternative sites to be considered.
The layout of the proposed project has been carefully informed by the findings of the Ecological Impact
Assessment (Appendix G2) so as to avoid removing too many species of special concern.
The operating plan for the proposed project has been informed by extensive market research and an
assessment of the need of the materials to be mined. A robust economic assessment has been compiled for
the approval of this project. In addition to the economic viability, the project will be making use of a previously
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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mined area, which highlights the feasibility. The jobs being created by the proposed development will be
sourced to local communities.
The operations of this facility will be under the constant supervision of a professional consultant in the field
who has experience and expertise. Thus, due to the nature of the industry, the support structures, knowledge
and experience of Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd and the support of the local Tribal Authority, the proposed project
alternatives are the only viable alternatives to take forward to the Impact Assessment phase.
As stated in (ix) above, there will be no alternative site locations taken forward to the Impact Assessment
phase. In terms of the site layout (offices, roads etc), the parameters taken into account to select the site for
the main adit and overland conveyor included:
Environmental
Streams and rivers;
Wetlands;
Flora, fauna and vegetation;
Social
Homesteads;
Farming;
Technical
Topography; and
Access
As informed by the specialist studies conducted for this project (Appendices G1, G2, G3 and G4), impacts to
groundwater, biodiversity and heritage resources will therefore be:
1. Avoided - by locating surface infrastructure within the consolidated Mining Right area; and /or
2. Reduced through implementation of the suggested mitigation measures (see Part B); and/or
3. Remedied through rehabilitation and monitoring programmes.
i) Full description of the process undertaken to identify, assess and rank the impacts
and risks the activity will impose on the preferred site (In respect of the final site
layout plan) through the life of the activity. (Including (i) a description of all environmental issues
and risks that were identified during the environmental impact assessment process and (ii) an assessment of
the significance of each issue and risk and an indication of the extent to which the issue and risk could be
avoided or addressed by the adoption of mitigation measures.)
The impact assessment stage comprises a number of steps that assess the manner in which the proposed activity
will interact with elements of the physical, biological, cultural or human environment to produce impacts to
resources/receptors. Section (vi) above highlights the thorough methodology used by CSIR to identify, assess and
rank these impacts in order to depict the overall impact the proposed project will have on the receiving
environment. This is described in more detail below:
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In order to identify and fatal environmental or social flaws that the project may encounter, an initial project
screening s conducted where all knowledge sources of the area are assessed and analysed. Site visits and
consultation with specialists will determine the possible impacts the proposed project may have, and highlights
which impacts need to be studied further. The description of the baseline environmental and socio-economic
conditions above provides information on receptors and resources that have been identified as having the
potential to be significantly affected by the proposed Project. It also describes baseline conditions that have been
used to make the assessment. The description of the baseline is aimed at providing sufficient detail to meet the
following objectives:
To identify the key conditions and sensitivities in areas potentially affected by the proposed Project;
To provide a basis for extrapolation of the current situation, and development of future scenarios without the
proposed Project;
To provide data to aid the prediction and evaluation of possible impacts of the proposed Project;
To understand public concerns, perceptions and expectations regarding the proposed Project;
To allow the proposed Project to develop appropriate mitigation measures; and
To provide a benchmark to assess future changes and to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
The following specialist studies were carried out for this Basic Assessment to inform the baseline. These studies
include:
Groundwater and Geohydrology Impact Assessment Report compiled by uMvoto 2016
Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report compiled by NSS 2016
Heritage Impact Assessment Report compiled by Jayson Orton 2016
2) Public Participation
The key principle of consultation is to ensure that the views of the public are taken into account and reported in
the Final BAR. The objective is to ensure the assessment is robust, transparent and has considered the full range
of issues or perceptions, and to an appropriate level of detail.
Public participation is currently being undertaken and will continue throughout the Basic Assessment process to
ensure that legislative requirements and Project standards are met, that public concerns are addressed in the
assessment and that sources of existing information and expertise are identified.
An overview of the consultation programme that has been undertaken is described in Appendix E.
Please see Section (h) (vi) for the Impact Assessment Methodology used by CSIR and its specialists to identify,
assess and rank the potential impacts associated with the development and operation of the surface
infrastructure.
Please note: The assessment of impacts and mitigation will be revised following input from the public and
commenting authorities during the public participation period on the Draft Report.
9
a. Assessment of each identified potentially significant impact and risk
(This section of the report must consider all the known typical impacts of each of the activities (including those that could or should have been identified by knowledgeable persons)
and not only those that were raised by registered interested and affected parties).
NAME OF ACTIVITY POTENTIAL ASPECTS PHASE SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION TYPE SIGNIFICANCE
IMPACT (Including AFFECTED In which impact is if not mitigated if mitigated
(E.g. For prospecting - the potential anticipated
drill site, site camp, ablution impacts for
facility, accommodation, cumulative impacts)
equipment storage, sample (e.g. Construction, (modify, remedy, control,
storage, site office, access commissioning, or stop)
route etcetcetc operational through
Decommissioning, (e.g. noise control
E.g. For mining,- (e.g. dust, noise, closure, post-closure) measures, storm-water
excavations, blasting, drainage surface control, dust control,
stockpiles, discard dumps disturbance, fly rock, Key: rehabilitation, design
or dams, Loading, hauling surface water C =Construction/ measures, blasting
and transport, Water contamination, Commissioning controls, avoidance,
supply dams and groundwater O = Operational relocation, alternative
boreholes, contamination, air D=Decommissioning/ activity etc. etc)
accommodation, offices, pollution Closure
ablution, stores, etc.etc) PC = Post Closure E.g.
workshops, processing Modify through alternative
plant, storm water control, method.
berms, roads, pipelines, Control through noise
power lines, conveyors, control
etcetcetc.) Control through
management and
monitoring through
rehabilitation..
Manage & Control via
Soil Erosion Soils Soil Management
Measures
Indigenous Species Fauna/Flora Remedy through
Site Clearance and
Loss C High Rehabilitation Measures, Moderate
removal of Vegetation
Conservation
Management Measures
and Alien Invasive
Management Measures
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Re-introduction of Fauna/Flora
indigenous species
Re-introduction of Fauna/Flora
High (Positive) N/A High (Positive)
faunal habitat
Sense of place Social
N/A
restored
Note: Please refer to the detailed Specialist Reports appended to this Report, for the impact assessments conducted as part of this Study as
well as Sections (v) and (viii) of this report.
Consideration must be given to the extent of any accumulative impact that may occur due to the proposed development. Such impacts are evaluated
with an assessment of similar developments already in the environment. Such impacts will be either positive or negative, and will be graded as being of
negligible, low, medium or high impact. Figure 6 below highlights an example of how cumulative impacts manifest in the environment due to the
impacts resulting from numerous developments on given spatial scale.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Cumulative Impacts which could result from the proposed project in addition to other projects in the area are described below:
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Palaeontological Impact It is unlikely that significant impacts on exceptional, scientifically-important X The mitigation measures, as
Assessment for a proposed small- stromatolitic bedrocks within the Precambrian (Malmani Subgroup) well as the environmental
scale alluvial diamond mine on farm bedrocks will occur during diamond mining, which will focus on the management programme
Kwaggaslagte 121-1, Lichtenburg overlying diamond-bearing gravels. The karst-infill gravels are generally of included in this report are
Magisterial District, North West low palaeontological sensitivity, although rare petrified wood material informed by the
might occur here. Palaeontological Impact Study
undertaken, including the
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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13
c. Environmental impact statement
The significance of potential environmental impacts can be reduced to low - very low significance with
implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring.
Impacts on the socio-economic environment and livelihoods of the community of Ga-Motlatla can be mitigated
to moderate low significance.
Cumulative noise, visual and air quality (dust) impacts are deemed to not be significant (low) when proper
mitigation measures are implemented.
It is expected that cumulative impacts on surface and groundwater quality as well as biodiversity will be
moderate - high prior to mitigation. Mitigation measures for these potential impacts include:
Application of best-practice water management after mine closure and continuous monitoring of
surface and groundwater quality.
These possible contaminants need to be managed and prevented through an effective Emergency
Response Plan and Stormwater Management Plan, as well as the development of an appropriate
Groundwater Monitoring Plan in order to reduce the significance of these impacts.
Vegetation loss is unavoidable during the activities of the proposed mining project and special care
must be taken to manage any species of special concern.
iii. Summary of the positive and negative impacts and risks of the proposed
activity and identified alternatives;
A summary of the positive and negative potential impacts associated with the project has been outlined in
Section l (i) above and Table 1. All impacts listed above are negative, apart from the impacts where it has been
stated positive in brackets.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The EMPr addresses the environmental impacts associated with the project during Construction, Operation,
Decommissioning and Post Closure Phases of the proposed project. This Environmental Management
Programme (EMPr) is prepared as part of the requirements of the National Environmental Management Act
(NEMA) EIA Regulations published in GNR 983, 984 and 985 on the 4 December 2014 Government Gazette
Number 38282, and NEM:WA Regulations published in GNR 921 on the 29 November 2013 Government
Gazette No 3708. The EMPr is to be submitted to DMR as part of the Application for Environmental
Authorisation for the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Endeavour. The objectives of the EMPr will
be to provide detailed information that will advise the planning design of Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd mining activities in
order to avoid and/or reduce impacts that may be detrimental to the environment.
The overall goal for environmental management for the proposed is to construct and operate the project in a
manner that:
Minimises the ecological footprint of the project on the local environment;
Facilitates harmonious co-existence between the project and other land uses in the area; and
Contributes to the environmental baseline and understanding of environmental impacts of piggeries
in a South African context.
The following environmental management objectives are recommended for the proposed mining development and
associated infrastructure:
Alien plant monitoring should take place after construction, throughout the lifecycle of the mine, as
well as post closure of the mine.
Monitor soils so as to avoid unnecessary erosion, and implement erosion control measures to
preserve the quality of the soil for rehabilitation.
Development planning must restrict the area of impact to minimum and designated areas only.
Monitor and prevent contamination, and undertake appropriate remedial actions.
Limit the visual and noise impact on receptors.
Avoid impact on possible heritage finds.
Promote health and safety of workers.
Limit dust and other emissions to within allowable limits.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Dustfall monitoring should commence during the construction phase and continue throughout the life of
the project.
Surface and groundwater monitoring every quarter.
Noise measurements to test and verify any noise complaints, as and when the need arises otherwise.
Implementation of an erosion monitoring programme throughout all phases of the Project.
Development of a project specific Recruitment Policy in accordance with the Employment Equity Act
(Act 55 of 1998), Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 1997 and The Broad-based Socio-economic
empowerment Charter for the South Africa Mining and Minerals Industry, 2010.
Mitigation and management measures described in the Ecological Report should be followed.
If the proposed mining development is authorised then the mitigation measures and recommendations
as captured in the geohydrology report should be followed, in order to ensure groundwater quality and
quantity of the underlying aquifer is not impacted severely, and the surrounding community of Ga-
Motlatla and local farmers who make use of groundwater are not adversely affected.
If any archaeological or palaeontological material or human burials are uncovered during the course of
development then work in the immediate area should be halted. Relocation of burial grounds and
graves must be in accordance with the National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999). The find
would need to be reported to the heritage authorities and may require inspection by an archaeologist or
palaeontologist as appropriate. Such heritage is the property of the state and may require excavation
and curation in an approved institution. The project EMPr should make reference to this possibility so
that appropriate action can be taken as and when necessary.
The following assumptions, uncertainties and gaps in knowledge have been made by CSIR and the appointed
specialists in the impact assessment and development of mitigation measures:
It is important to note that the absence of species on site does not conclude that the species is not
present at the site. Reasons for not finding certain species during the summer site visit may be due
to:
The small, fragmented nature of the site and disturbances from past excavation and farming activities
on site.
The short duration of fieldwork and the timing of the fieldwork, which occurred after a few months of
below average rainfall.
Some plant species, which are small, have short flowering times, rare or otherwise difficult to detect
may not have been detected even though they were potentially present on site.
Reporting including vegetation community descriptions, mapping of broad habitat types / vegetation
communities and CI species analysis. For CI floral species, Likelihood of Occurrence (LO) rating is
assigned to each species based on the availability of suitable habitat using the following scale:
Present; Highly likely; Possible; Unlikely or No Habitat available.
Cumulative impacts are assessed by adding expected impacts from this proposed development to
existing and proposed developments with similar impacts in a 20km radius.
The heritage study was carried out at the surface only and hence any completely buried
archaeological sites or palaeontological material was not readily located. Similarly, it is not always
possible to determine the depth of such material visible at the surface.
Assumptions in the geohydrology study include that there are no unidentified aquifers present, with
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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all analysis based on available data, information and specialist knowledge. Limitations to the
specialist study include that no invasive in-situ site investigations (i.e. trial pitting, drilling, testing,
detailed hydrochemical sampling, hydrogeological modelling etc.) were undertaken, and that no mine
works programme is currently available (indicating the exact mining methodology to be used on site,
potential equipment and materials to be used, infrastructure layout, areas and depth to be
excavated, and the exact amount and quality of water required for any mining processes).
Environmental Authorisation is required for the Life of the Project, approximately 8-10 years
i. Undertaking
Confirm that the undertaking required to meet the requirements of this section is provided at the end of the
EMPr and is applicable to both the Basic assessment report and the Environmental Management Programme
report.
j. Financial Provision
State the amount that is required to both manage and rehabilitate the environment in respect of rehabilitation.
The amounts were calculated according to the guideline for the Calculation of the Quantum for rehabilitation
as provided by DMR. . The mining operation will entail the excavation of pits in sections, where after
processing each pit will be closed/rehabilitated and a different/new pit will be excavated, within the 5 hectares
2
area. The open cast rehabilitation fee is thus calculated on a pit size of 5000 m .
ii. Confirm that this amount can be provided for from operating
expenditure. (Confirm that the amount, is anticipated to be an operating cost and is
provided for as such in the Mining work programme, Financial and Technical Competence
Report or Prospecting Work Programme as the case may be).
Mr. MJ Molebatsi (the Project Applicant), has confirmed that this amount can be provided for from operating
expenditure.
i. Compliance with the provisions of sections 24(4)(a) and (b) read with section
24 (3) (a) and (7) of the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of
1998). the EIA report must include the:-
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Endeavour is proposed on property under the jurisdiction
of the Tribal Council in the neighbouring Ga-Motlatla village, who has been informed and is in agreement
with the proposed project.
There are no significant heritage resources present on the site and significant impacts are thus not expected.
The only minor concern is palaeontology, but the only fossil material seen were small stromatolites that have
very little scientific value because they are very common. A Heritage Impact Assessment study was carried
out in this regard, and the applicable mitigation measures are included in this report and the supporting HIA
report attached as Appendix G1.
l. Other matters required in terms of sections 24(4)(a) and (b) of the Act.
(the EAP managing the application must provide the competent authority with detailed, written proof of an
investigation as required by section 24(4)(b)(i) of the Act and motivation if no reasonable or feasible alternatives, as
contemplated in sub-regulation 22(2)(h), exist. The EAP must attach such motivation as Appendix 4).
Note: Information on the preferred proposed alternative, as well the motivation for exclusion of other
alternatives has been included in Section g) and h), kindly refer to these sections above.
7
PART B
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME REPORT
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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EMPr Compliance with Section 33 of the EIA Regulations 2014 and Section 24N of the
National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998):
Requirements of Section 24N of NEMA Where it is included in this
EMPr?
2) The environmental management programme must contain- Section (iv) and the columns
a) information on any proposed management, mitigation, protection or detailing the impact description,
remedial measures that will be undertaken to address the mitigation and management
environmental impacts that have been identified in a report objectives, and mitigation and
contemplated in subsection 24(1A), including environmental impacts management actions.
or objectives in respect of:
(i) planning and design;
(ii) pre-construction and construction activities;
(iii) the operation or undertaking of the activity in question;
(iv) the rehabilitation of the environment; and
(v) (v) closure, if applicable;
b) details of- Appendices B of the BA Report
(i) the person who prepared the environmental management to which this EMPr is attached.
programme; and
(ii) the expertise of that person to prepare an environmental
management programme;
c) a detailed description of the aspects of the activity that are covered by Section 1 (b)
the environmental management programme;
d) information identifying the persons who will be responsible for the Columns in Section (i) of the
implementation of the measures contemplated in paragraph (a); EMPr regarding the monitoring
responsibility, including the
requirements for monitoring and
reporting on compliance and the
responsible parties.
e) information in respect of the mechanisms proposed for monitoring The columns detailing the
compliance with the environmental management programme and for mitigation and management
reporting on the compliance; actions, and the monitoring
methodology, frequency and
responsibility in Sections (g) to
(k) of this EMPr.
f) as far as is reasonably practicable, measures to rehabilitate the Sections (g) to (k) of this EMPr,
environment affected by the undertaking of any listed activity or as applicable to the post-
specified activity to its natural or predetermined state or to a land use construction, rehabilitation
which conforms to the generally accepted principle of sustainable phase and the decommissioning
development; and phase.
g) a description of the manner in which it intends to- The columns detailing the
(i) modify, remedy, control or stop any action, activity or process mitigation and management
which causes pollution or environmental degradation; objectives, mitigation and
(ii) remedy the cause of pollution or degradation and migration of management actions, and the
pollutants; and monitoring methodology,
(iii) comply with any prescribed environmental management frequency and responsibility in
standards or practices. Sections (g) to (k) of this EMPr.
3) The environmental management programme must, where appropriate- The columns detailing the
a) set out time periods within which the measures contemplated in the mitigation and management
environmental management programme must be implemented; actions, and the monitoring
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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The requirements for the provision of the details and expertise of the EAP are included in Part A, Section a)
and as Appendix B.
The Project Developer (i.e. Mosotetsi) is the owner of the project and as such is responsible for ensuring that
the conditions of the Environmental Authorisation issued in terms of NEMA (should the project receive such
authorisation) are fully satisfied, as well as ensuring that any other necessary permits or licenses are obtained
and complied with. It is expected that the Project Developer will appoint the Environmental Control Officer,
EHS Manager and Construction Manager.
b) Description of the Aspects of the Activity (Confirm that the requirement to describe the aspects
of the activity that are covered by the environmental management programme is already included in PART A,
section (1)(h) herein as required).
The requirement to describe the aspects of the activity that are covered by the environmental management
programme is included in detail in Part A, Section (d) of this Report.
c) Composite Map
(Provide a map (Attached as an Appendix) at an appropriate scale which superimposes the proposed activity,
its associated structures, and infrastructure on the environmental sensitivities of the preferred site, indicating any
areas that any areas that should be avoided, including buffers)
The proposed mining area can be divided into two main areas, which is transformed and degraded land,
mostly as a result of grazing activities and possible past clearing activities that have occurred in the area. The
transformed areas contain few or no indigenous species, whereas the degraded areas are mainly made up of
indigenous species with some invasive species in disturbed areas. The main potential environmental impacts
associated with the proposed project include:
loss of vegetation and faunal habitat;
Topography and visual alteration;
Soil erosion;
Soil and water resources contamination;
Impact on water quantity and quality;
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
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Therefore, effective and practical measures need to be implemented to prevent, reduce or control and remedy
any impacts that may be detrimental to the environment, as well as to rehabilitate the site to a desired state
similar to that of the pre-mining state. These measures include:
Rehabilitate the site in accordance with a detailed closure plan, and implement an alien invasive
management plan to ensure the establishment of indigenous vegetation.
Rehabilitation of the disturbed areas to return the site to its similar visual state prior mining.
Identify and attend to possible areas of erosion.
Implement an effective waste management plan to contain waste on site, as well as any spills that may
occur.
Please see the Ecological Specialist Report for more detail on the above.
ii) Volumes and rate of water use required for the operation.
The proposed mine plans to use groundwater in the approximate amount of 10 000 litres per day, pumped
from a nearby borehole.
The required mine operation volume falls within the General Authorisation, in terms of water use, of the farm
portion, and therefore a Section 21 (a) water use licence will not be required by the mine.
7
iv) Impacts to be mitigated in their respective phases
Measures to rehabilitate the environment affected by the undertaking of any listed activity
ACTIVITIES PHASE SIZE AND MITIGATION MEASURES COMPLIANCE WITH TIME PERIOD FOR
SCALE of STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION
(E.g. For prospecting - drill disturbanc
site, site camp, ablution (describe how each of the
(of operation in e Describe the time period when
facility, accommodation, recommendations in herein will
which activity the measures in the
equipment storage, sample (volumes, remedy the cause of pollution or (A description of how
will take place. environmental management
storage, site office, access tonnages degradation and migration of each of the
programme must be
route etcetcetc and pollutants) recommendations
State; implemented Measures must
hectares or herein will comply with
Planning and be implemented when
E.g. For mining,- m) any prescribed
design, required.
excavations, blasting, environmental
Pre- With regard to Rehabilitation
stockpiles, discard dumps or management
Construction specifically this must take
dams, Loading, hauling and standards or practices
Construction, place at the earliest
transport, Water supply dams that have been
Operational, opportunity. .With regard to
and boreholes, identified by
Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation, therefore state
accommodation, offices, Competent Authorities)
Closure, Post either:-..
ablution, stores, workshops,
closure). Upon cessation of the
processing plant, storm water
individual activity
control, berms, roads,
or.
pipelines, power lines,
Upon the cessation of mining,
conveyors, etcetcetc.)
bulk sampling or alluvial
diamond prospecting as the
case may be.
Management and monitoring of soil Manage & Control via Daily during construction and
stockpiles. Soils must be stored Soil Management thereafter quarterly reports.
properly and revegetated to prevent Measures
erosion and to enable re-use during
Site Clearance and removal rehabilitation.
C 5 ha Guidance from a suitably qualified Remedy through
of Vegetation
vegetation specialist or horticulturist Rehabilitation Measures,
regarding the collection, Conservation
Management Measures
propagation/storage and
and Alien Invasive
transplantation of plants is advised. Management Measures
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Contractor.
Rehabilitation and restoration Ensure that rubble and litter are Rehabilitation and EHS Decommissioning.
of disturbed areas appropriately stored and regularly plan.
removed from site to a licenced
waste disposal facility.
Ensure that normal sewage
management practices are
implemented during
decommissioning such as regularly
emptying toilets and ensuring safe
transport and disposal of sewage.
D, PC 5 ha The appointed Contractor should
compile a Method Statement for
Stormwater Management during the
decommissioning phase.
By law, remove and dispose of
Category 1b alien species on site. All
Category 2 species that remain on
site must require a permit.
7.12.1. Appropriately time demolition
/ rehabilitation activities to minimise
sensory disturbance to fauna.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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(E.g. Excavations, (e.g. dust, (e.g. Construction, (modify, remedy, control, or (Impact avoided, noise
blasting, stockpiles, noise, drainage commissioning, stop) levels, dust levels,
discard dumps or dams, surface operational through rehabilitation standards,
Loading, hauling and disturbance, Decommissioning, (e.g. noise control measures, end use objectives) etc.
transport, Water supply fly rock, closure, post- storm-water control, dust
dams and boreholes, surface water closure) control, rehabilitation, design
accommodation, contamination, measures, blasting controls,
offices, ablution, stores, groundwater avoidance, relocation,
workshops, processing contamination, alternative activity etc. etc)
plant, storm water air pollution
control, berms, roads, etc.etc) E.g.
pipelines, power lines, Modify through alternative
conveyors, method.
etcetcetc.). Control through noise
control
Control through management
and monitoring
Remedy through
rehabilitation..
Please see section d (ii) Please see Please see Please see section Please see section j) of Part A for Please see section d (ii) of
of Part A for a list of section (v) and section j) of Part j) of Part A. mitigation type. Part A for a list of activities
activities to be (viii) of Part A A. to be undertaken.
undertaken. for the
description of
potential
impacts
associated with
the project.
14
f) Impact Management Actions
(A description of impact management actions, identifying the manner in which the impact management objectives and outcomes contemplated in paragraphs (c)
and (d) will be achieved).
3
i) Financial Provision
(1) Determination of the amount of Financial Provision.
(a) Describe the closure objectives and the extent to which they
have been aligned to the baseline environment described under the
Regulation.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd will be using temporary mobile infrastructure for its processing activities,
and therefore no infrastructure associated with the site will require breaking down or
demolishing at closure. The areas disturbed as a result of the mining operation will be
rehabilitated by maintaining the general topography, biodiversity and ecological state of the
surrounding area, ensuring that there are no remnants of the structures. The closure
objectives aim to return the affected area to a land use condition or desired state similar to
that of the pre-mining state. Closure and rehabilitation of pits will be undertaken during the
operational phase when the activities are completed in those pits, to achieve a desired land
condition as early as possible. At the end of the project life cycle, a thick soil layer will be
spread across the disturbed areas; thereafter the soil will be ripped, fertilised and re-
vegetated. Post-closure monitoring will assist in determining the success of the rehabilitation
and also identify whether any additional measures need to be taken to ensure the area is
restored to a reasonable and acceptable condition.
Rehabilitation measures and objectives will be undertaken in compliance with legislation and
policy governing the requirements for rehabilitation such as the National Environmental
Management Act 107 of 1998 and the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28
of 2002.
This EMPr highlights the rehabilitation and management objectives with regards to mitigating
negative environmental impacts associated with the proposed mining operation. These
environmental objectives related to the closure of the mining operation contained in this EMPr
and DBAR are being subjected to a 30-day review period by Interested and Affected Parties
(currently). Contents of the EMPr with regard to rehabilitation may be altered following inputs from
the public commenting period.
The rehabilitation plan for the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd operation aims to mitigate the
negative impacts associated with the mining activities, and ultimately to return the affected land to
its desired land use standard. The objectives of the plan are to ensure that the condition of the
site post mining operation are suitable to and in agreement with the affected neighbouring
community, tribunal council (landowners) and the competent authority, that there is minimal loss
to the biodiversity of the area, and that rehabilitation restores the land use and capability of the
area/site.
The rehabilitation process will commence during the mining operation throughout the life of mine;
involving concurrent rehabilitation of pits when activities are completed in those pits and
thereafter the final rehabilitation will be undertaken during the mine closure phase. A more
detailed closure plan will be developed during the life of mine, prior to the cessation of mining
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near
Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
activities; adapted to the developed information and environmental impact status of the project in
order to achieve a site-specific closure plan.
In terms of the areal extent of the rehabilitation, Appendix C shows the site layout and aerial
extent of the proposed mining activities, depicting the anticipated mining permit area at the time
of closure. The entire 5 ha portion of the farm Kwaggalslaagte 121-1 will be rehabilitated post
closure.
The Rehabilitation plan for this project will allow the proposed mining operation to achieve the
following objectives:
Comply with relevant legislation and policy requirements with regards to mine
rehabilitation.
Avoid or mitigate impacts associated with the project which may be detrimental to the
environment.
Land rehabilitation to a predetermined and agreed upon state that allows sustainable
land use and capability of the site, that is to return the site to the condition that existed
prior to mining or an agreed upon state.
Cost effective and efficient closure of mining operations.
Management and monitoring of the area post-closure.
The rehabilitation plan will thus be aligned to the closure objectives and tailored to the project to
achieve these objectives. It will include information about the site prior to the mining operation
and provide information on the maintenance of resources required for the rehabilitation process,
as well detail how rehabilitation will be undertaken. It will also provide information on the
management and monitoring of disturbance to avoid or minimise detrimental impacts, as well as
an estimate of the financial closure provision. It will also include information associated with post-
closure environmental monitoring of the site to ensure that the rehabilitation plan is followed and
its objectives are achieved.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd has allocated R500 000 to overall Rehabilitation, however, this figure will be
more closely assessed when the mining site is ready to be rehabilitated.
Refer to the table below for the Calculated Quantum Rehabilitation Financial Provision.
Due to the fact that this proposed project will be using mobile and temporary structures, the cost
of rehabilitating structures does not apply. This ensures that the rehabilitation costs will be kept
relatively low compared to other mining endeavours.
2
CALCULATION OF THE QUANTUM
weighting factor 2
1 Preliminary and General 25000.00 25000.00
1
2 Contingencies 15000.00 15000.00
Subtotal 2 483979.50
1
(f) Confirm that the financial provision will be provided as
determined.
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd confirms that the financial provision will be provided as determined.
1
Mechanisms for monitoring compliance with and performance assessment against the environmental management programme
and reporting thereon, including
g) Monitoring of Impact Management Actions
h) Monitoring and reporting frequency
i) Responsible persons
j) Time period for implementing impact management actions
k) Mechanism for monitoring compliance
For the purposes of the EMPr, the generic roles that need to be defined are those of the:
Project Developer;
Environmental Control Officer;
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Manager;
Construction Manager (Lead Contractor or Engineering Consultant); and
It is acknowledged that the specific titles for these functions will vary from project to project. The intent of this section is to give a generic outline of what these roles
typically require. It is expected that this will be appropriately defined at a later stage.
Project Developer
The Project Developer (i.e. Mosotetsi) is the owner of the project and as such is responsible for ensuring that the conditions of the Environmental Authorisation
issued in terms of NEMA (should the project receive such authorisation) are fully satisfied, as well as ensuring that any other necessary permits or licenses are
obtained and complied with. It is expected that the Project Developer will appoint the Environmental Control Officer, EHS Manager and Construction Manager
An independent Environmental Control Officer (ECO) must be appointed to monitor the compliance of the proposed project with the conditions of Environmental
Authorisation (should such authorisation be granted by DMR) during the construction phase (and possibly the operational phase, depending on the requirements of
DMR). The ECO must also monitor compliance of the proposed project with environmental legislation and recommendations of the EMPr.
The ECO will be responsible for preparing the Final EMPr based on the Draft EMPr, as well as updating the EMPr as and when necessary, and compiling a
monitoring checklist based on the EMPr. The roles and responsibilities of the ECO should include the following:
The ECO must undertake periodic environmental audits during the relevant phases of the proposed project in order to monitor and record environmental
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
impacts and non-conformances. It is recommended that weekly or bi-weekly environmental audits be undertaken by the ECO during the construction phase.
Environmental compliance reports must be submitted by the ECO to the Competent Authority (i.e.GDARD) on a regular basis (i.e. monthly during the
construction phase or as stipulated by the DMR).
The ECO must maintain a diary of site visits and audits, a copy of the Environmental Authorisation (should such authorisation be granted by DMR) and relevant
permits for reference purposes, a non-conformance register, a public complaint register, and a copy of previous environmental audits undertaken.
Prior to the commencement of construction, the ECO must meet on site with the Construction Manager to confirm the construction procedure and designated
construction areas.
EHS Manager
It is important to note that the EHS Manager will be appointed to fulfill the roles of the Environmental Officer during the construction phase and the Environmental
Manager during the operational phase. A generic term has therefore been assigned to this sector of roles and responsibilities. The responsibility of the EHS Manager
include overseeing the implementation of the EMPr during the construction and operational phases, monitoring environmental impacts, record-keeping and updating
of the EMPr as and when necessary. The EHS Manager is also responsible for monitoring compliance with the conditions of the Environmental Authorisation that
may be issued to Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd.
The lead contractor and sub-contractors may have their own Environmental Officers, or designate Environmental Officer functions to certain personnel.
During construction, the EHS Manager will be responsible for the following:
Meeting on site with the Construction Manager prior to the commencement of construction activities to confirm the construction procedure and designated
activity zones.
Daily or weekly monitoring of site activities during construction to ensure adherence to the specifications contained in the EMPr and Environmental
Authorisation (should such authorisation be granted by DMR), using a monitoring checklist that is to be prepared at the start of the construction phase.
Preparation of the monitoring report based on the daily or weekly site visit.
Reporting of any non-conformances within 48 hours of identification of such non-conformance to the relevant agents.
Conducting an environmental inspection on completion of the construction period and signing off the construction process with the Construction Manager.
Overseeing the implementation of the EMPr and monitoring programmes for the operation phase.
Reviewing the findings of the monitoring and highlight concerns to management and TNPA where necessary.
Ensuring compliance with the Environmental Authorisation conditions.
Ensuring that the necessary environmental monitoring takes place as specified in the EMPr.
Updating the EMPr and ensuring that records are kept of all monitoring activities and results.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
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Overseeing the implementation of the EMPr for the decommissioning phase; and
Conducting an environmental inspection on completion of decommissioning and signing off the site rehabilitation process.
At the time of preparing this EMPr, the EHS Manager appointment is still to be made by the proponent. The appointment is dependent upon the project proceeding to
the construction phase.
Overall construction programme, project delivery and quality control for the construction of the facility.
Overseeing compliance with the Health, Safety and Environmental Responsibilities specific to the project construction.
Promoting total job safety and environmental awareness by employees, contractors and sub-contractors and stress to all employees and contractors and sub-
contractors the importance that the project proponent attaches to safety and the environment.
Ensuring that each subcontractor employ an Environmental Officer (or have a designated Environmental Officer function) to monitor and report on the daily
activities on-site during the construction period.
Ensuring that safe, environmentally acceptable working methods and practices are implemented and that sufficient plant and equipment is made available, is
properly operated and maintained in order to facilitate proper access and enable any operation to be carried out safely.
Meeting on site with the EHS Manager prior to the commencement of construction activities to confirm the construction procedure and designated activity
zones.
Ensuring that all appointed contractors and sub-contractors are aware of this EMPr and their responsibilities in relation to the programme.
Ensuring that all appointed contractors and sub-contractors repair, at their own cost, any environmental damage as a result of a contravention of the
specifications contained in the EMPr, to the satisfaction of the EHS Manager.
At the time of preparing this EMPr, the appointment of a lead contractor has not been made and will depend on the project proceeding to the construction phase.
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March 2, 2017
SOURCE ACTIVITY IMPACTS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLES AND MONITORING AND
REQUIRING MONITORING RESPONSI REPORTING FREQUENCY
MONITORING BILITIES and TIME PERIODS FOR
PROGRAMMES (FOR THE IMPLEMENTING IMPACT
EXECUTION MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
OF THE
MONITORIN
G
PROGRAM
MES)
See above
description
of roles and
responsibili
ties
Site Clearance and removal of Soil Erosion Management and monitoring of soil stockpiles. ECO Compile monthly reports.
Vegetation Soils must be stored properly and revegetated
Excavation and blasting of existing to prevent erosion and to enable re-use during
mining pit rehabilitation.
Stockpiling material from excavation Indigenous Guidance from a suitably qualified vegetation ECO Collect at least bi-annually
Species Loss specialist or horticulturist regarding the during Life of Mine, and
Discarding material from excavation
collection, propagation/storage and annually post mine closure.
Construction of temp/mobile site
transplantation of plants is advised.
infrastructure: i.e. Rotary pan, office
Faunal Habitat Adhere to law and best practice guidelines ECO Collect at least bi-annually
and staff quarters.
Loss regarding the displacement and relocation of during Life of Mine, and
Grading of existing gravel roads
CI fauna annually post mine closure.
Construction of storm water control
measures
Appropriately deal with fauna encountered on
Crushing, washing and sorting of ore site.
Trucking of material off site and other
transportation Time construction activities to minimise faunal
Storage of diesel and mortality
vehicle/machinery maintenance
equipment. Limit indiscriminate killing, persecution or
Water extraction from borehole and/or hunting of fauna
tank. Alien invasive The planted alien invasive vegetation should ECO Collect at least bi-annually
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Non- toxic waste generation and infestation be removed immediately (in line with relevant during Life of Mine, and
disposal. municipal and provincial procedures, annually post mine closure.
Demolition and/or removal of temporary guidelines and recommendations) and
infrastructure/equipment disposed of at a licenced waste disposal
Rehabilitation and restoration of facility.
disturbed areas Ecological Commence (and preferably complete) ECO Collect at least bi-annually
process loss construction during winter, when the risk of during Life of Mine, and
disturbing active (including breeding and annually post mine closure.
migratory) animals, should be least.
Dust generation Set up PM Monitoring sites in the area to ECO Compile monthly reports.
monitor dustfall, using method ASTM D1739:
1970 (or equivalent).
Loss of arable Ensure proper rehabilitation measures are ECO Annually post mine closure.
land/land for adhered to in order to return the soil quality to
grazing its natural state.
Groundwater Manage through Groundwater Monitoring Plan. ECO Compile monthly reports.
contamination
and extraction Monitoring water levels of the boreholes found
in close proximity to the proposed mining site,
through a flow meter and water level
datalogger.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
Soil disturbance Alien invasive vegetation monitoring and ECO Collect at least bi-annually
resulting in the control through Alien Invasive Management during Life of Mine, and
spread of alien Plan annually post mine closure.
plant species
Decrease in water Water conservation to be practiced in line with ECO Compile monthly reports.
resources due to Energy Saving Policies as follows:
spraying Cleaning methods utilised for cleaning
vehicles, floors, etc. should aim to minimise
water use (e.g. sweep before wash-down).
Ensure that regular audits of water systems
are conducted to identify possible water
leakages
Water use Water conservation to be practiced in line with ECO Compile monthly reports.
Energy Saving Policies as follows:
Cleaning methods utilised for cleaning
vehicles, floors, etc. should aim to minimise
water use (e.g. sweep before wash-down).
Ensure that regular audits of water systems
are conducted to identify possible water
leakages
Noise generation Measure noise levels routinely to ensure the ECO Compile monthly reports.
noise levels are being kept within the
acceptable ISO standards.
Health and safety Routine safety checks, safety training and EHS Quarterly
of personnel Inspections to be carried out during the
construction phase to enforce the use of
respiratory protection by construction
personnel. This must also be written into the
safety requirements of the Contract.
Emissions Ensure that cleared (excavated) areas and ECO Compile monthly reports.
unpaved surfaces are sprayed with water
(obtained from an approved source) to
minimise dust generation. Approved soil
stabilisers may be utilised to limit dust
generation.
Potential water Monitor and manage through Stormwater ECO Compile monthly reports.
and/or soil Management Plan
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
March 2, 2017
contamination
Decrease in Monitor and Management through water ECO Compile monthly reports.
hydrological conservation plan
processes
Increased Monitor and Management through water D Compile monthly reports.
pressure on conservation plan
dumps/disposal
centres
Emissions, smells Ensure that cleared (excavated) areas and ECO Compile monthly reports.
unpaved surfaces are sprayed with water
(obtained from an approved source) to
minimise dust generation. Approved soil
stabilisers may be utilised to limit dust
generation.
7
l) Indicate the frequency of the submission of the performance assessment/
environmental audit report.
The Environmental Control Officer will undertake audits in compliance with the provided EMP contents and
guidelines and will compile audit reports, which will ultimately be submitted to the DMR every two years.
(1) Manner in which the applicant intends to inform his or her employees of
any environmental risk which may result from their work.
Mosotetsi Management has to appoint an independent Environmental Control Officer whose duty is to also
implement an effective environmental awareness plan aimed to educate workers and contractors in terms of
the biodiversity on site, environmental risks associated with the proposed development and land management
of the site. Training and/or awareness should be raised and effectively communicated prior to the
commencement of the construction phase. Training sessions should incorporate the management plans
addressed in this EMPr as well as any new information and documentation provided by the ECO, as well as
that of the Environmental Health & Safety Officer. The ECO would be the most suitable person to conduct
these training sessions, identifying sensitive environments as well as all the risks and impacts associated with
the mining operation and the methods in which to deal with the impacts in order to avoid environmental
degradation. Training sessions can be monitored by providing an attendance register indicating the workers
that received training as well as evidence of the training and/or awareness received. These sessions would
also need to be carried out throughout the Life of Mine, at least once a year, or as new information becomes
available.
(2) Manner in which risks will be dealt with in order to avoid pollution or the
degradation of the environment.
Kindly refer to the table of possible mitigation measures that could be applied in section (viii) of Part A for an
indication of the manner in which risks will be dealt with.
N/A
Please note that 2 requests for comments on the Draft Basic Assessment Report were sent to the
Competent Authority prior to the close of the comment period.
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Final Basic Assessment Report: Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp,
North West Province
March 2, 2017
2) UNDERTAKING
c) the inclusion of inputs and recommendations from the specialist reports where
relevant; X and
d) that the information provided by the EAP to interested and affected parties and
any responses by the EAP to comments or inputs made by interested and
affected. parties are correctly reflected herein. X
CSIR
Name of company:
02/03/2016
Date:
-END-
4
Draft Basic Assessment Report
Appendices
1
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix A: Requirements according to Appendix 1 of GNR
982 of 4 December 2014 Scope of Assessment and Content
of BAR.
SECTION IN
Scope of Assessment and Content of BAR
BAR
(i) the 21 digit Surveyor General code of each cadastral land parcel;
(ii) where available, the physical address and farm name; Part A
(iii) where the required information in items (i) and (ii) is not available, the 3 b
coordinates of the
(c) a plan which locates the proposed activity or activities applied for as
well as associated structures and infrastructure at an appropriate
scale;
or, if it is-
Appendix C, D
(i) a linear activity, a description and coordinates of the corridor in which the
proposed activity or activities is to be undertaken; or
(ii) on land where the property has not been defined, the coordinates within which
the activity is to be undertaken;
(i) all listed and specified activities triggered and being applied for; and Part A
(e) a description of the policy and legislative context within which the
Part A
development is proposed including-
2
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
SECTION IN
Scope of Assessment and Content of BAR
BAR
(ii) how the proposed activity complies with and responds to the legislation and Part A
policy context, plans, guidelines, tools frameworks, and instruments;
(f) a motivation for the need and desirability for the proposed development Part A
including the need and desirability of the activity in the context of the preferred
location; 3f
Part A
(g) a motivation for the preferred site, activity and technology alternative;
3g
(h) a full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred
alternative within the site, including:
(iii) a summary of the issues raised by interested and affected parties, and an
indication of the manner in which the issues were incorporated, or the reasons for
not including them;
(iv) the environmental attributes associated with the alternatives focusing on the
geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects; Part A
(v) the impacts and risks identified for each alternative, including the nature, Part B
significance, consequence, extent, duration and probability of the impacts,
including the degree to which these impacts- Appendix G
(vi) the methodology used in determining and ranking the nature, significance,
consequences, extent, duration and probability of potential environmental impacts
and risks associated with the alternatives;
(vii) positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity and alternatives will
have on the environment and on the community that may be affected focusing on
the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural
3
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
SECTION IN
Scope of Assessment and Content of BAR
BAR
aspects;
(viii) the possible mitigation measures that could be applied and level of residual
risk;
(i) a full description of the process undertaken to identify, assess and rank the
impacts the activity will impose on the preferred location through the life of the
activity, including-
Part A
(i) a description of all environmental issues and risks that were identified during
Appendix G
the environmental impact assessment process; and
B (iii)
(ii) an assessment of the significance of each issue and risk and an indication of
the extent to which the issue and risk could be avoided or addressed by the
adoption of mitigation measures;
(ii) the nature, significance and consequences of the impact and risk;
(iii) the extent and duration of the impact and risk; Part A
(v) the degree to which the impact and risk can be reversed; Appendix G
(vi) the degree to which the impact and risk may cause irreplaceable loss of I a
resources; and
(vii) the degree to which the impact and risk can be avoided, managed or
mitigated;
4
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
SECTION IN
Scope of Assessment and Content of BAR
BAR
(iii) a summary of the positive and negative impacts and risks of the proposed
activity and identified alternatives;
Part A
(n) any aspects which were conditional to the findings of the assessment either by
Ic
the EAP or specialist which are to be included as conditions of authorisation;
(o) a description of any assumptions, uncertainties, and gaps in knowledge which Part A
relate to the assessment and mitigation measures proposed; Ic
(p) a reasoned opinion as to whether the proposed activity should or should not be Part A
authorised, and if the opinion is that it should be authorised, any conditions that
should be made in respect of that authorisation; Ic
(q) where the proposed activity does not include operational aspects, the period
for which the environmental authorisation is required, the date on which the Part A
activity will be concluded, and the post construction monitoring requirements I c
finalised;
(iv) any information provided by the EAP to interested and affected parties and
any responses by the EAP to comments or inputs made by interested and affected
5
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
SECTION IN
Scope of Assessment and Content of BAR
BAR
parties; and
(s) where applicable, details of any financial provisions for the rehabilitation,
closure, and ongoing post decommissioning management of negative Part B
environmental impacts;
(t) any specific information that may be required by the competent authority; and N/A
(u) any other matters required in terms of section 24(4)(a) and (b) of the Act. N/A
6
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix B: CVs of the project team
CONTACT DETAILS:
BIOSKETCH:
Minnelise joined the CSIR Environmental Management Services group (EMS) in 2008. She is focussing primarily on
managing Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), Basic Assessments (BAs) and Environmental Screening studies
for renewable energy projects including wind and solar projects. These include an EIA for a wind energy facility
near Swellendam, Western Cape South Africa for BioTherm (Authorisation granted in September 2011) and a
similar EIA for BioTherm in Laingsburg, Western Cape (in progress). She is also managing two wind farm EIAs and a
solar Photovoltaic BA for WKN-Windcurrent SA in the Eastern Cape. Minnelise was the project manager for the
Basic Assessment for the erection of ten wind monitoring masts at different sites in South Africa as part of the
national wind atlas project of the Department of Energy in 2009 and 2010..She was also a member of the Project
Implementation Team who managed the drafting of South Africas Second National Communication under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The national Department of Environmental Affairs
appointed the South African Botanical Institute (SANBI) to undertake this project. SANBI subsequently appointed
the CSIR to manage this project.
7
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
EDUCATION
MEMBERSHIPS:
International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), Western Cape (member of their steering
committee from 2001-2003)
IUCN Commission on Education and Communication (CEC); World Conservation Learning Network
(WCLN)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Society of Conservation Biology (SCB)
EMPLOYMENT RECORD:
The following table presents a list of projects undertaken at the CSIR as well as the role played in each project:
Completion
Project description Role Client
Date
2011 EIA for the proposed Electrawinds Project Electrawinds
(in progress) Swartberg wind energy project near Manager
Moorreesburg in the Western Cape
2010-2011 EIA for the proposed Ubuntu wind Project WKN Windkraft SA
(in progress) energy project, Eastern Cape Manager
2010-2011 EIA for the proposed Banna ba pifhu Project WKN Windkraft SA
(in progress) wind energy project, Eastern Cape Manager
2010-2011 BA for a powerline near Swellendam in Project BioTherm Energy (Pty Ltd
the Western Cape Manager
2010-2011 EIA for a proposed wind farm near Project BioTherm Energy (Pty Ltd
(Environmental Swellendam in the Western Cape Manager
Authorisation granted in
September 2011)
2010 Basic Assessment for the erection of two Project BioTherm Energy (Pty Ltd
(complete) wind monitoring masts near Swellendam Manager
and Bredasdorp in the Western Cape
2010 Basic Assessment for the erection of two Project Windcurrent (Pty Ltd
8
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Completion
Project description Role Client
Date
(complete) wind monitoring masts near Jeffreys Manager
Bay in the Eastern Cape
2009-2010 Basic Assessment Process for the Project Department of Energy
((Environmental proposed erection of 10 wind Manager through SANERI; GEF
Authorisations granted monitoring masts in SA as part of the
during 2010) national wind atlas project
2010 South Africas Second National Project SANBI
Communication under the United Manager
Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
2009 Basic Assessment Report for a proposed Project Transnet Ltd
(Environmental boundary wall at the Port of Port Manager
Authorisation granted in Elizabeth, Eastern Cape
2009)
2008 Developing an Invasive Alien Plant Co-author Eastern Cape Parks Board
Strategy for the Wild Coast, Eastern
Cape
2006-2008 Monitoring and Evaluation of aspects of Project Internal project awarded
Biodiversity Leader through the Young
Researchers Fund
2006 Integrated veldfire management in Co- author Working on Fire
South Africa. An assessment of current
conditions and future approaches.
2004-2005 Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Co-author Wilderness Foundation
Wild Coast, Eastern Cape, SA
2005 Western Cape State of the Environment Co- author Department of
Report: Biodiversity section. (Year One). and Project Environmental Affairs
Manager and Development
Planning
PUBLICATIONS:
Bowie, M. (n Levendal) and Ward, D. (2004). Water status of the mistletoe Plicosepalus acaciae parasitic on
isolated Negev Desert populations of Acacia raddiana differing in level of mortality. Journal of Arid Environments
56: 487-508.
13
Wand, S.J.E., Esler, K.J. and Bowie, M.R (2001). Seasonal photosynthetic temperature responses and changes in C
under varying temperature regimes in leaf-succulent and drought-deciduous shrubs from the Succulent Karoo,
South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 67:235-243.
Bowie, M.R., Wand, S.J.E. and Esler, K.J. (2000). Seasonal gas exchange responses under three different
temperature treatments in a leaf-succulent and a drought-deciduous shrub from the Succulent Karoo. South
African Journal of Botany 66:118-123.
LANGUAGES
Minnelise Levendal
9
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Kelly Stroebel (Project Manager)
BIOSKETCH:
Kelly holds a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Environmental Science from Rhodes University in Grahamstown.
Her undergraduate degree was a Bachelor of Science with majors in Environmental Science and Zoology. She is
currently working as an environmental assessment practitioner intern at the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). Kelly has been the Project Manager of a Basic Assessment for the development of a sugarcane
farm for a rural community trust in KZN as part of the Special Needs and Skills Development [Programme. She has
assisted in the SIP projects including the National Wind & Solar Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and
Electricity Grid Infrastructure SEA as SEA which were commissioned by the national Department of Environmental
Affairs. On a personal level, Kelly enjoys the outdoors, traveling and SCUBA diving and is passionate about the field
of environmental science and management.
The following table presents a list of projects that Kelly Stroebel has been involved in to this date:
Completion
Project description Role Client
Date
In progress Special Needs and Skills Project Manager conducting Various SMMEs and
Development Programme Environmental services such as basic Community Trusts
(DEA-CSIR) Assessments and Environmental
Screening Studies.
In progress Strategic Environmental Project member-stakeholder National Department
Assessment (SEA) for engagement and project support. of Environmental
Electricity Grid Infrastructure Affairs
In Progress EIA for two proposed Project member- Public Participation Umgeni Water
Desalination plants on the Process, stakeholder engagement and
KZN coast. project support.
10
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Completion
Project description Role Client
Date
August National Strategy for Project member- research and report National Department
2014 Sustainable Development development. of Environmental
Review (NSSD1) Affairs
2013-2014 Strategic Environmental Project member- Stakeholder National Department
Assessment (SEA) for roll engagement and project support of Environmental
out of photovoltaic solar and Affairs
wind energy in South Africa.
EMPLOYMENT RECORD:
2014 Environmental Scientist and Assessment Practitioner (Intern). Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research Consulting and Analytical Services (CAS) - Stellenbosch
2013 Environmental Education Counselor: Fernwood Cove Summer Camp, USA.
2012 Graduate Assistant: Rhodes University Department of Environmental Science.
2011 Vacation Internship: Environmental Management Department of Mittal Steel, Newcastle.
2011 Vacation Internship: Northern Kwa-Zulu Natal branch of WWF.
QUALIFICATIONS/EDUCATION:
11
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix C: Locality Map of the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mine (1)
12
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Locality Map of the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mine (2)
13
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Appendix D: Site Layout Plan and Current Land Use Map
Site Layout Plan: Proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Endeavour
10 ft Pan Plant
Pit excavation
(existing)
Over Burden
14
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Environment and Current Land use Map: Proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Endeavour
15
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix E: Public Participation
16
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17
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18
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19
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Appendix E2: Site Notices
English and Tswana: placed at the entrance to the site (27 November 2015) (GPS co-ordinates: 260430.6S, 263351.3E)
20
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21
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22
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
23
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Appendix E3: Proof of Project announcement on the 25th
November 2015 and Draft Basic Assessment Report released
for comment on 30th January 2017:
24
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Background Information Document (BID)
25
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26
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
27
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28
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Comment and Registration Form
29
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Email sent to I&APs: Project Announcement
Dear Stakeholder,
Project announcement
Basic assessment for the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1
near Ventersdorp, North West Province
CSIR Reference No: CSIR/CAS/EMS/IR/2015/0006/A
Please see the attached letter and Background Information Document pertaining to the initiation of a Basic Assessment
Process for the above-mentioned project.
In terms of Government Notice Regulations (GNR) 983, 984 and 985 of 8 December 2014 of the National Environmental
Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) published in Government Gazette 38282 on 4 December 2014, Environmental Authorisation
from the Competent Authority, in this case the North West Department of Mineral Resources, is required for the activities
associated with this project.
In order to register as an interested and/or affected party for this process or to obtain any further information, kindly complete
the attached comments and registration form and send to the Project Manager (contact details below) on or before the 18th
January 2016 :
E-mail: kstroebel@csir.co.za
Kind Regards,
Kelly Stroebel
30
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Release of Draft Basic Assessment Report for Comment 30/01/2017
28/02/2017
Dear Stakeholder,
Notice of 30 day public comment period on the Draft Basic Assessment Report:
Basic assessment for the proposed Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on Farm
Kwaggaslagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp, North West Province
Please see attached letter notifying you of the release of the Draft BA Report to all I&APs for a 30-day
th
review period, which will extend to the 28 February 2017 (excluding public holidays). Please submit
any comments on the Draft BA Report to the CSIR Project Manager at the contact details provided
below by no later than 28th February 2017:
Ms Kelly Stroebel
CSIR
PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599
kstroebel@csir.co.za
021 888 2432
A hard copy of the Draft BA Report is available for public viewing at the Lichtenburg Public Library
(Nelson Mandela Road, Lichtenburg, North West). The Draft BA Report can also be downloaded
from the following website under "Special Needs and Skills Development Programme: Draft
Reports":
https://www.csir.co.za/environmental-impact-assessment
Kind Regards,
Kelly Stroebel
Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP)
CSIR Stellenbosch
_____________________
kstroebel@csir.co.za
Tel. : 021 888 2432
PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599
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Proof of delivery of hard copies and electronic copies of the Draft Basic
Assessment Report to key stakeholders and Competent Authority
33
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34
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix E4: I&AP Database
comment form
BID + letter 1 +
Physical
Company/organization Name Phone Postal Cell Email
Address
NATIONAL
Department of Mmatlala Fedsure Fedsure Building mrabothata@environment.g email + post
Environmental Affairs- Rabothata Building, Private Bag X447 ov.za
National Pretoria, 315 Pretorius Street
0002 Pretoria 0002
35
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Department of Mashudu 20 Steve Private Bag X138 mashuduma@daff.gov.za email + post
Agriculture, Forestry Marubini Biko Pretoria
and Fisheries (Formerly 0001
Beatrix)
Street
Arcadia
Pretoria
0002
National Department Kgauta (012) 444 Private Bag X59, kgauta.mokoena@dmr.gov.za email + post
of Mineral Resources Mokoena 3831 / 3821 Arcadia 0007
National Department Ms Ndileka K (012) 336 MohapiN@dwa.gov.za email
of Water Affairs mohapi 8234
National Department Namisha 012-336- MuthraparsadN@dwa.gov.za email
of Water Affairs Muthraparsad 8083
National Department Khayalethu 012) 444 Private Bag X59, khayalethu.matrose@dmr.go email + post
Mineral Resources Matrose 3308 Arcadia 0007 v.za
National Department Maoto 012-394- MMolefane@thedti.gov.za email
of Trade and Industry Molefane 5026
PROVINCIAL & MUNICIPALITY
Local Government & Lucky Fourie 018-388- lfourie@nwpg.gov.za email
Traditional Council 1083
Department Mineral Pieter Swart (018) 487 Private Bag A 1, Pieter.Swart@dmr.gov.za email + post
Resources North West 9830 KLERKSDORP, 2570
Department Mineral I Wesi (018) 487 Private Bag A 1, Ipeleng.Wesi@dmr.gov.za email + post
Resources North West 9830 KLERKSDORP, 2570
Department Mineral Aaron 0184879847 Private Bag A 1, aaron.kharivhe@dmr.gov.za email + post
Resources North West Kharivhe KLERKSDORP, 2570
South African Local Tikologo 018-464- tmakhoana@salga.org.za email
Government Makhoana 9387
Association: North
West (SALGA: NW)
DEDECT Nedick Bila 078-256- mbila@nwpg.gov.za email
36
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
1298
DEDECT Steven 018-389- smukhola@nwpg.gov.za email
Muklola 5959
DEDECT Tharina 018-389- tboshoff@nwpg.gov.za email
Boshoff 5656
North West Lovemore T 014-594- email
Development Makunike 2570
Corporation
Department of Local Nonkululeko 014-838- ntnango@nwpg.gov.za email
Government and Myeza 82642
Human Settlement
Department of Local Colleen 018-388- cmmutle@nwpg.gov.za email
Government and Mmutle 3598
Human Settlement
North West Mercy 018-387- mtumane@nwpg.gov.za email
Department of Tumane 7778
Finance, Economy &
Enterprise
Development (FEED)
North West Opgopleng 018-387- okgathea@nwpg.gov.za email
Department of Kgathea 7789
Finance, Economy &
Enterprise
Development (FEED)
North West Lebogang 018-387- lmotlhanke@nwpg.gov.za email
Department of Motlhanke 7795
Finance, Economy &
Enterprise
Development (FEED)
NW READ Rhuleni 018-389- rmathebula@nwpg.gov.za email
Mathebula 5122
NW READ Malefyane 081-304- mosadim@nwpg.gov.za email
Mosadi 4891
37
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
NW READ Portia 018-389- pkhrisjan@nwpg.gov.za email
Khrisjan 5995
NW READ Adriaan Van avanstraaten@nwpg.gov.za email
Straaten
Ditsobotla Local Le.Roi van PO Box 7, 084- leroivanniekerk@gmail.com email + post
Municipality Niekerk Lichtenburg 2740 931-
5705
Ditsobotla Local Municipal PO Box 7, 018 snnete@gmail.com email + post
Municipality Manager Lichtenburg 2740
633
3880
Ditsobotla Local Municipal PO Box 7, lesego.molotwane@gmail.com email + post
Municipality Manager PA Lichtenburg 2741
Ngaka Modiri Molema Goitsimosimo 073-529- Goitsetau123@gmail.com email
District Municipality Tau 2969
Ngaka Modiri Molema Thandi 072-260- gontsanat@nmmdm.gov.za email
District Municipality Gontsana 9549
Ventersdorp Local Elizabeth 018-064- Private Bag X1010 ematjione@ventersdorp.co.za email+post
Municipality Majione 8598 Ventersdorp
2710
Ward Councillor: Ga- Ward PO Box 7, post
Motlala Village Councillor: Lichtenburg 2740
Ga-Motlala
Village
Ward Councillor: Ward PO Box 7, post
Lichtenburg Councillor: Lichtenburg 2740
Lichtenburg
LANDOWNERS & NEIGHBOURS
Ga-Motlala Traditional Chief KS PO Box 90, post
Council (Landowner) Serobatse Ventersdorp,2710
Neighbouring Mr A du Preez PO Box 2309, post
Landowner- Lichtenburg, 2740
38
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Goedvooriutzicht 120
IP
Neighbouring Mr JJ du PO Box 64, post
Landowner- Grootpan Preez Lichtenburg, 2740
117 IP
Neighbouring Mr CZH PO Box 1689, post
Landowner- Corsendae Pretorius Lichtenburg, 2740
118 IP
Neighbouring Mr D PO Box 1940, post
Landowner- Corsendae Bisschoff Lichtenburg, 2740
118 IP
Neighbouring Mr J van der PO Box 954, post
Landowner- Corsendae Merwe Lichtenburg, 2740
118 IP
Neighbouring Mr HP PO Box 1133, post
Landowner- Rietpan Conradie Lichtenburg, 2740
479 JP
Neighbouring Mr H Jooste PO Box 1300, post
Landowner- Zwartrand Lichtenburg, 2740
123 IP
OTHER
North West Parks & Andrew 078-921- andrew.mvundle@gmail.com email
Tourism Board Mvundle 1916
NW Parks Board Bird Sampie van 082- barbersp@lantic.net email
Sanctuary der Merwe 443-
9777
South African National Dr. Howard PO Box 787, howard.hendricks@sanparks.o email+post
Parks (SANParks) Hendriks Pretoria, 0001 rg
Council for Geoscience Dr Stewart 280 Private Bag x112, Sfoya@geoscience.org.za email+post
Foya Pretoria Pretoria 0001
Street,
Silverton
39
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
South African Heritage Marie South PO Box 4637, Cape post
Resources Agency Town, 8000
(SAHRA)
South African National Ms Mpati (012) 844 makoam@nra.co.za email
Roads Agency Makoa 8013
Endangered Wildlife Stephanie 011-372- stephaniea@ewt.org.za email
Trust (EWT) Aken 3600
AgriLand Anneliza Private Bag X120, post
Collett Pretoria 0001
Grasslands Society of Feyni Du Toit P.O. Box 41, Hilton, post
South Africa 3245
Client Mr. MJ 11786 Nathan mosotetsimj@gmail.com email + post
Moletabsi Sidyiyo Street,
Bloemanda,
Kagisanong, 9323
40
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Appendix E5: Correspondence from I&APs
41
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42
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43
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Comments received on the Draft Basic Assessment Report
1. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR INFORMING US OF THIS DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT
IN CONNECTION TO THIS PROPOSED MINING ACTIVITY.
2. AS THE ARE IS SITUATED FAR FROM BARBERSPAN BIRD SANCTUARY, WHICH IS SITUATED
BETWEEN SANNIESHOF AND DELAREYVILLE, ABOUT 120 KM TO THE WEST OF THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY, IT IS MY OPINION THAT IT WILL NOT HAS AN EFFECT ON OUR AREA [NATURE
RESERVE/ RAMSAR SITE] AND WE WILL NOT ACTIVELY PARTAKE IN THE PROCESS.
3. THE ARE IS MUCH CLOSER TO ONE OF OUR OTHER NATURE RESERVE, NL MOLEMANE
NATURE RESERVE, NEAR OTTOSHOOP. I FORWARD YOUR E MAIL TO THE RELEVANT RESERVE
MANAGER, IF THEY WANT TO GIVE INPUT ON THE ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR PROPOSE
MINING ACTIVITY.
FRIENDLY REGARDS.
RESERVE MANAGER
46
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
From: "Moragorago Mabula" <mmabula@nwpg.gov.za>
To: <kstroebel@csir.co.za>
Date: 02/02/2017 14:38
Subject: NWP/DMR/142/2016: Proposed Mosetetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining Operation on
farm Kwaggaslagte 121 IQ
Good day,
I have received a request for comments with regards to the above mentioned project and request that
site inspection be conducted.
Proposed date and time: 07 February 2017 at 11:00.
Regards,
47
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48
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49
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
Acknowledgement of Application letter from DMR
50
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51
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Appendix F: Land ownership consent for this application
52
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53
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Appendix G: Specialist studies
54
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd DBAR: Appendices
HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR A PROPOSED
SMALL-SCALE ALLUVIAL DIAMOND MINE ON FARM
KWAGGASLAGTE 121-1, LICHTENBURG MAGISTERIAL
DISTRICT, NORTH WEST
Required under Section 38 (8) of the National Heritage Resources Act (No. 25 of 1999).
Report for:
On behalf of:
Dr Jayson Orton
ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd
6A Scarborough Road, Muizenberg, 7945
Tel: (021) 788 8425 | 083 272 3225
Email: jayson@asha-consulting.co.za
5 July 2016
ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd | Reg. no.: 2013/220482/07 ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd was appointed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR) to conduct an assessment of the potential impacts to heritage resources that might occur
through the proposed establishment of a small-scale alluvial diamond mine on Kwaggaslagte 121-
1, some 38 km east of central Lichtenburg.
The site is flat and covered in indigenous vegetation, but a large excavation has taken place in its
central part. The spoil heaps from this excavation are on site. The substrate is largely composed of
gravel and rock fragments.
The site inspection revealed three small mounds of rocks located 20 m outside the eastern corner
of the site as well as one small fossil stromatolite on a fragment of dolomite from one of the spoil
heaps. The mounds of rocks were likely cleared from the now abandoned agricultural lands
occurring on the site.
The finds reported here are not considered to have high cultural significance and, as such, no
further heritage actions are required prior to the commencement of mining. However, the project
Environmental Control Officer (ECO) and/or mine manager should be aware of the possibility of
uncovering fossil wood and/or large stromatolites during excavations. Should any such finds be
made they should be safeguarded, preferably in situ, and reported to SAHRA (Tel: 021 462 4502).
A palaeontologist may need to be appointed to examine and, if necessary rescue the finds and
associated scientific data.
Because there will be no significant impacts to heritage resources, it is recommended that the
proposed mining project should be authorised but subject to the following condition (which
should be included in the environmental authorisation):
Early Stone Age: Period of the Stone Age extending approximately between 2 million and 200 000
years ago.
Later Stone Age: Period of the Stone Age extending over the last approximately 20 000 years.
Middle Stone Age: Period of the Stone Age extending approximately between 200 000 and 20 000
years ago.
Abbreviations
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ iv
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... iv
Compliance with Appendix 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations ............................................................... v
1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Project description....................................................................................................................1
1.2. Terms of reference ...................................................................................................................2
1.3. Scope and purpose of the report .............................................................................................2
1.4. The author ................................................................................................................................3
2. HERITAGE LEGISLATION .............................................................................................................. 3
3. METHODS................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1. Literature survey and information sources ..............................................................................4
3.2. Field survey ...............................................................................................................................5
3.3. Impact assessment ...................................................................................................................5
3.4. Grading .....................................................................................................................................5
3.5. Assumptions and limitations ....................................................................................................5
3.6. Consultation processes undertaken .........................................................................................5
4. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT ........................................................................................ 5
4.1. Site context ...............................................................................................................................5
4.2. Site description .........................................................................................................................6
5. CULTURAL HERITAGE CONTEXT ................................................................................................... 7
5.1. Archaeological aspects .............................................................................................................7
5.2. Historical aspects and the built environment ..........................................................................7
6. FINDINGS OF THE HERITAGE STUDY .......................................................................................... 10
6.1. Palaeontology .........................................................................................................................10
6.2. Archaeology ............................................................................................................................10
6.3. Graves .....................................................................................................................................11
6.4. Built environment ...................................................................................................................11
6.5. Cultural landscape ..................................................................................................................11
6.6. Statement of significance .......................................................................................................12
6.7. Summary of heritage indicators and provisional grading ......................................................12
7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................... 13
8. LEGISLATIVE AND PERMIT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 15
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME INPUTS .......................................................... 15
10. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 15
11. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 15
12. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 16
APPENDIX 1 Curriculum Vitae .................................................................................................... 18
APPENDIX 2 Palaeontological study ........................................................................................... 20
ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd was appointed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) to conduct an assessment of the potential impacts to heritage resources
that might occur through the proposed establishment of a small-scale alluvial diamond mine
on Kwaggaslagte 121-1 (Figures 1 & 2). The site lies some 38 km east of central Lichtenburg.
Figure 1: Map (1:250 000) showing the location of the site some 38 km east of the town of
Lichtenburg. The area enclosed by the box is enlarged in Figure 2.
The establishment of a small-scale alluvial diamond mine has been proposed by Mosotetsi
(Pty) Ltd. The mine will cover 5 ha of land and will include a camp where mining equipment
and associated processing infrastructure and facilities will be located. The mining operations
will involve excavation within 1.5 ha of land and processing (crushing, grading, washing and
sorting) of minerals.
All aspects of the proposed project have the potential to impact on heritage resources.
1
GA-MOTLATLA
R53
Figure 2: Map (1:50 000) showing the location of the site (red star) 2 km east of the village
of Ga-Motlatla.
ASHA Consulting was requested to conduct a heritage impact assessment that would meet
the requirements of the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA). SAHRA, when
notified about the project, requested that a heritage impact assessment be carried out. The
assessment should include archaeology and any other applicable heritage components
(SAHRA comment dated 07 June 2016).
It should also be noted, however, that following S.38(3) of the National Heritage Resources
Act (No. 25 of 1999), even though certain specialist studies may be specifically requested, all
heritage resources should be identified and assessed.
2
of Mineral Resources who will review the Basic Assessment (BAR) and grant or withhold
authorisation. The HIA report will outline any mitigation requirements that will need to be
complied with from a heritage point of view and that should be included in the conditions of
authorisation should this be granted.
Dr Jayson Orton has an MA (UCT, 2004) and a D.Phil (Oxford, UK, 2013), both in
archaeology, and has been conducting Heritage Impact Assessments and archaeological
specialist studies throughout the western half of South Africa since 2004 (Please see
curriculum vitae included as Appendix 1). He has also conducted research on aspects of the
Later Stone Age in Northern and Western Cape and published widely on the topic. He is an
accredited heritage practitioner with the Association of Professional Heritage
Practitioners (APHP) and also holds archaeological accreditation with the Association of
Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA) CRM section (Member #233) as
follows:
Principal Investigator: Stone Age, Shell Middens & Grave Relocation; and
Field Director: Colonial Period & Rock Art.
2. HERITAGE LEGISLATION
The National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) No. 25 of 1999 protects a variety of heritage
resources as follows:
Section 34: structures older than 60 years;
Section 35: palaeontological, prehistoric and historical material (including ruins)
more than 100 years old;
Section 36: graves and human remains older than 60 years and located outside of a
formal cemetery administered by a local authority; and
Section 37: public monuments and memorials.
Following Section 2, the definitions applicable to the above protections are as follows:
Structures: any building, works, device or other facility made by people and which is
fixed to land, and includes any fixtures, fittings and equipment associated
therewith;
Palaeontological material: any fossilised remains or fossil trace of animals or plants
which lived in the geological past, other than fossil fuels or fossiliferous rock
intended for industrial use, and any site which contains such fossilised remains or
trace;
Archaeological material: a) material remains resulting from human activity which
are in a state of disuse and are in or on land and which are older than 100 years,
including artefacts, human and hominid remains and artificial features and
structures; b) rock art, being any form of painting, engraving or other graphic
representation on a fixed rock surface or loose rock or stone, which was executed by
human agency and which is older than 100 years, including any area within 10m of
such representation; c) wrecks, being any vessel or aircraft, or any part thereof,
3
which was wrecked in South Africa, whether on land, in the internal waters, the
territorial waters or in the maritime culture zone of the Republic, as defined
respectively in sections 3, 4 and 6 of the Maritime Zones Act, 1994 (Act No. 15 of
1994), and any cargo, debris or artefacts found or associated therewith, which is
older than 60 years or which SAHRA considers to be worthy of conservation; and
d) features, structures and artefacts associated with military history which are older
than 75 years and the sites on which they are found;
Grave: means a place of interment and includes the contents, headstone or other
marker of such a place and any other structure on or associated with such place;
and
Public monuments and memorials: all monuments and memorials a) erected on
land belonging to any branch of central, provincial or local government, or on land
belonging to any organisation funded by or established in terms of the legislation of
such a branch of government; or b) which were paid for by public subscription,
government funds, or a public-spirited or military organisation, and are on land
belonging to any private individual.
While landscapes with cultural significance do not have a dedicated Section in the NHRA,
they are protected under the definition of the National Estate (Section 3). Section 3(2)(c)
and (d) list historical settlements and townscapes and landscapes and natural features of
cultural significance as part of the National Estate. Furthermore, Section 3(3) describes the
reasons a place or object may have cultural heritage value; some of these speak directly to
cultural landscapes.
Section 38 (2a) states that if there is reason to believe that heritage resources will be
affected then an impact assessment report must be submitted. This report fulfils that
requirement.
Under the National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998; NEMA), as amended,
the project is subject to a BAR. SAHRA (for archaeology and palaeontology) and the North
West Provincial Heritage Resources Authority (NWPHRA; for built environment and
landscapes) are required to provide comment on the proposed project in order to facilitate
final decision making by the North West Department of Mineral Resources.
3. METHODS
A survey of available literature was carried out to assess the general heritage context into
which the development would be set. This literature included published material,
unpublished commercial reports and online material, including reports sourced from the
South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS). The 1:50 000 and 1:250 000
maps and the historical aerial photographs were sourced from the Chief Directorate:
National Geo-Spatial Information.
4
3.2. Field survey
The site was subjected to a detailed foot survey on 28 June 2016. This was during mid-
winter. Vegetation was low and dry and ground visibility was generally good, although just
under 1 ha of the site was already disturbed by an excavation and its associated spoil heaps.
During the survey the positions of finds were recorded on a hand-held GPS receiver set to
the WGS84 datum. Photographs were taken at times in order to capture representative
samples of both the affected heritage and the landscape setting of the proposed
development.
For consistency, the impact assessment was conducted through application of a scale
supplied by the CSIR.
3.4. Grading
Section 7 of the NHRA provides for the grading of heritage resources into those of National
(Grade 1), Provincial (Grade 2) and Local (Grade 3) significance. Grading is intended to allow
for the identification of the appropriate level of management for any given heritage
resource. Grade 1 and 2 resources are intended to be managed by the national and
provincial heritage resources authorities, while Grade 3 resources would be managed by the
relevant local planning authority. These bodies are responsible for grading, but anyone may
make recommendations for grading.
The study is carried out at the surface only and hence any completely buried archaeological
sites or palaeontological material will not be readily located. Similarly, it is not always
possible to determine the depth of such material visible at the surface. It should be noted,
however, that sections through the deposits were available for inspection within the
existing excavations and that the spoil heaps could be inspected for fossil material.
The NHRA requires consultation as part of an HIA but, since the present study falls within
the context of an EIA which includes a public participation process (PPP), no dedicated
consultation was undertaken as part of the HIA.
The site lies in a rural area just west of a village. There are no roads, power lines or any
other infrastructure in the general area. The farmland in the broader region is mostly used
for livestock grazing.
5
4.2. Site description
The site is very flat and coated in short grass and rock fragments (Figures 3 and 4). A large
excavation is placed in the centre of the site and this reveals gravel and rock in its spoil
heaps. There are also a number of termite mounds in the area.
Figure 3: View across the site facing towards the southwest showing the vegetation cover in
the foreground and the spoil heaps in the background.
Figure 4: View of the ground surface showing the Figure 5: Smaller gravel clasts on
typical rock fragments coating the surface. the excavation spoil heaps.
6
5. CULTURAL HERITAGE CONTEXT
This section of the report contains the desktop study and establishes what is already known
about heritage resources in the vicinity of the study area. What was found during the field
survey as presented below may then be compared with what is already known in order to
gain an improved understanding of the significance of the newly reported resources.
The National Cultural History Museum (1995) conducted a broad survey of a large area to
the north of Lichtenburg. They report on the presence of Early Stone Age (ESA) artefacts at
the diamond mines, while Van Schalkwyk (2008) notes that ESA and Middle Stone Age
(MSA) artefacts have been unearthed in the various diamond mines of the area and are also
sometimes found along river courses. Further west, the gravels of the lower Vaal River are
very well known for the ESA material and fossil animal bones that they have produced
(Cooke 1949; Goodwin 1928; Klein 1988; Peringuey 1911). Whether the same degree of
archaeological and fossil material might be present further east in palaeo-river channels is
not known, but at least some artefactual material has been collected from the region
(Mitchell 2002; Peringuey 1911). The National Cultural History Museum (1995) also noted
the existence of earlier mining settlements near Lichtenburg with one (Carlisonia) having
been reduced to rubble and another (Grasfontein) being represented solely by its general
dealers shop. In a more detailed survey of a site just north of Lichtenburg, Hutten (2012)
was unable to locate any heritage resources. Van Schalkwyk (2008), too, found no Stone Age
material on his linear survey extending north-westwards from Lichtenburg through
Bakerville. We do know, however, that Later Stone Age (LSA) engravings do occur on
dolomitic rocks in the general area (Willcox 1963; Figure 6). The Gestoptefontein-Driekuil
Complex is a well-known set of engraving sites occurring some 110 km to the southwest of
the study area and that include both Stone Age and historical imagery (Hollman 2011). Iron
Age archaeology is well-known to occur in the general region, although the lack of suitable
building rock in the area is the likely reason why kraal structures have not been recorded
here. Mason (1968:172) noted that Iron Age settlers avoided extensive grasslands such as
the grasslands of the western Karoo Highveld on the Lichtenburg Plain, possibly because of
the rarity of surface streams and low relief which denied water and natural topographic
protection to settlers in such territory.
Lichtenburg was a farming community that developed during the latter half of the
nineteenth century. The town itself was established in 1873. The nearby village of Bakerville
lies at the site of the early twentieth century diamond diggings.
7
Figure 6: Extract of a map showing the distribution of rock engravings (\\\) and
paintings (///) in South Africa. The present study area lies to the southwest of Site 16 on the
map (red oval). Source: Willcox (1963: fig. 2).
Lichtenburg saw action during the South African War (a.k.a. Anglo-Boer War). The town was
a strategic position and was held by both the Boer and British forces in turn. Colonel Robert
Baden-Powell led a large British force to secure the town and surrounding territory in
November 1900, but on Sunday 3rd March 1901 some 400 Boers under the joint commands
of Generals De la Rey, Smuts, Celliers, Vermaas and Lemmer attacked the town. This was
the Battle of Lichtenburg. Fourteen Boers and eighteen British were killed, while 38 Boers
and 24 British were wounded (Van Vuuren 2015).
The first diamond to be discovered in the area was found in 1924 on the farm Elandsputte
by John Voorendyk when digging a hole to construct a cattle dip. However, the State
Geologist at the time, Dr Harger, was unconvinced of the nature of the deposits and it was
only two years later when diamonds were again discovered in the area that Dr Harger
commenced prospecting. Ironically, and due to a navigational error on his part subsequent
work by him was carried out on part of Elandsputte and his rich findings there precipitated
the 1926 Lichtenburg diamond rush (Smith 2006). Figures 7 and 8 show early mining scenes
from the area. Voorendyks cattle dip was declared a National Monument (now a Provincial
Heritage Site [PHS]) in 1980 (SAHRA n.d.). Aerial photography shows that the area around
the present site has not been subjected to very much early 209 th century excavation as
compared to the region closer to Lichtenburg.
8
Figure 7: Grasfontein Diamond Diggings, 1927 (Source: Smith 2006).
The National Cultural History Museum (1995) noted that the historic diamond mining
landscape was constantly changing as a result of people reworking old mine dumps and
sometimes using the material to refill old mine pits. The area was also found to be littered
with old equipment and machinery, while a variety of corrugated iron structures dating to
the old mining days were also noted.
The National Cultural History Museum (1995) also recorded a number of cemeteries in the
area near Lichtenburg. These were for either black or white people and were generally in
very poor condition.
9
6. FINDINGS OF THE HERITAGE STUDY
This section describes the heritage resources recorded in the study area during the course
of the project.
6.1. Palaeontology
The palaeontological resources of the study area include stromatolites within the dolomites
of the Malmani Subgroup and possible fossil wood and pollens within the gravels. One small
stromatolite was seen on site but these are common and of far less significance than larger
examples. Please see the palaeontological specialist study by Dr John Almond contained in
Appendix 2 for further details.
6.2. Archaeology
No archaeological material, whether Stone Age or Iron Age, was found during the ground
survey. The only signs of human activity consisted of the large excavation and three small
piles of stones that are likely to have been cleared from the now abandoned agricultural
lands (waypoint 162; Figures 9 and 10). The stone piles are not within the study area.
The excavation seems likely to have been carried out within the last decade.
Figure 9: The three small piles of Figure 10: Aerial view of the area around waypoint 162
stones found at waypoint 162. showing the abandoned agricultural lands of the area.
10
Figure 11: Aerial view of the study area showing the location of the stone mounds (waypoint
162). The blue lines indicate the walk paths created during the survey and the red polygon is
the study area.
6.3. Graves
There was no evidence of any graves within the study area. Unmarked graves are highly
unlikely because of the rocky substrate. The three piles of stones noted above are certain to
have been removed from the agricultural lands.
The cultural landscape relates to the agricultural use of the area over many years. Although
currently used for livestock grazing, historical aerial photography shows that the area was
intensively cultivated in the past (Figure 12). The only remaining evidence of this is stones
moved out of fields and farm fences in places.
11
Figure 12: Aerial view of the study area as seen in 1944 (Job 77, Strip 006, photograph
03083). Note that the site polygon (in red) is a best estimate as there are insufficient
features to exactly locate it.
Section 38(3)(b) of the NHRA requires an assessment of the significance of all heritage
resources. In terms of Section 2(vi), cultural significance means aesthetic, architectural,
historical, scientific, social, spiritual, linguistic or technological value or significance.
The palaeontological heritage is deemed to have low cultural significance for its scientific
value.
The cultural landscape has low heritage significance for its aesthetic value.
No significant heritage indicators were found in the study area and no significant impacts to
heritage resources are expected. There are no heritage resources worthy of grading.
12
7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Any heritage resources (palaeontology, possible archaeology and the cultural landscape)
that are affected by the proposed development would be impacted during the construction
and operation phases when the site is cleared and then excavated. The impacts would be
direct but because of their very low significance would not require any further action prior
to the commencement of development.
Although no archaeological resources were located on the site, it is assumed for the
purposes of assessment that there could be some traces of past occupation still present on
the land. These would, however, have been heavily impacted by many years of ploughing.
As such, the impacts to archaeological heritage resources are rated as being of very low
significance.
Impacts to palaeontology, however, will certainly occur because fossil stromatolites were
recorded within the study area. However, they are of very limited scientific value and the
impact consequence is thus moderate. It is recommended that the Environmental Control
Officer (ECO) and mine staff should be made aware of the possibility of uncovering fossils
such as wood in the gravels and large stromatolites in the dolomite bedrock. With this plan
in place the significance of impacts would be reduced from low to very low.
Mining is not generally compatible with the local rural landscape but a precedent has
already been set by the large excavation currently located on the site. For this reason the
status of landscape impacts has been noted as neutral because the status quo will be
retained.
Table 1 below provides a formal assessment of the expected impacts. Cumulative impacts
are not of any great concern because:
No archaeological resources are present;
The only recorded fossils on the site are common and of low significance; and
The site is very small in relation to the broader cultural landscape and there are no
other similar developments in the vicinity that contribute similar impacts.
13
Table 1: Impact assessment summary table Construction Phase direct impacts.
environment/resource
Ranking of impact/risk
Reversibility of impact
= consequence x
Confidence level
Spatial Extent
Consequence
probability
Probability
Duration
Status
With mitigation
/management
/management
risk/impact)
mitigation
(residual
Without
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASES
Extreme
Destruction of
Negative Site Permanent Slight ly No High None required Very low Very low 5 High
archaeology
unlikely
Clearing
and Destruction of Very
Negative Site Permanent Moderate No High None required Low Very low 5 Medium
excavation palaeontology likely
of site
Erosion of
Loca Very Yes (with
cultural Neutral Long term Slight Moderate None required Very low Very low 5 High
l likely rehabilitation)
landscape
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Destruction of
Negative Site Permanent Slight Unlikely No High None required Very low Very low 5 High
archaeology
Clearing
and Destruction of Very
Negative Site Permanent Slight No High None required Very low Very low 5 Medium
excavation palaeontology likely
of site Erosion of
Loca Very Yes (with
cultural Neutral Long term Slight Moderate None required Very low Very low 5 High
l likely rehabilitation)
landscape
8. LEGISLATIVE AND PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
The project will not be subject to any heritage permits. Only in the event that important heritage
was discovered during mining, and which needed mitigation, would an archaeologist or
palaeontologist need to apply for a permit in their own name to undertake the work.
Only one aspect requires further consideration as part of the EMPr. The project Environmental
Control Officer (ECO) and/or mine manager should be aware of the possibility of uncovering fossil
wood and/or large stromatolites during excavations. Should any such finds be made they should
be safeguarded, preferably in situ, and reported to SAHRA (Tel: 021 462 4502). A palaeontologist
may need to be appointed to examine and, if necessary rescue the finds and associated scientific
data.
10. CONCLUSIONS
There are no significant heritage resources present on the site and significant impacts are thus not
expected. The only minor concern is palaeontology, but the only fossil material seen was a small
stromatolite that has very little scientific value because such finds are very common.
It is also noted that the NHRA requires a consideration of social need and, since this project is a job
creation initiative, it must be given preference over heritage resources of low significance.
11. RECOMMENDATIONS
Because there will be no significant impacts to heritage resources, it is recommended that the
proposed mining project should be authorised but subject to the following condition (which
should be included in the environmental authorisation):
15
12. REFERENCES
Cooke, H.B.S. 1949. Fossil mammals of the Vaal River deposits. Geological Survey of South Africa
Memoir 35(3): 1-109.
Goodwin, J.H. 1928. The archaeology of the Vaal River gravels. Transactions of the Royal Society of
South Africa 1: 77-102.
Heritage Western Cape. 2016. Grading: purpose and management implications. Document
produced by Heritage Western Cape 16 March 2016.
Hollman, J.C. 2011. The cutting edge: Khoe-San rock-markings at the Gestoptefontein-Driekuil
engraving complex, North West Province, South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis, University
of the Western Cape.
Hutten, M. 2012. Heritage Impact Assessment: heritage impact assessment for the proposed
Lichtenburg Solar Park north of Lichtenburg, North West Province. Unpublished report
prepared for Africa Geo-Environmental Services. Louis Trichardt: Hutten Heritage
Consultants.
Klein, R.G. 1988. The archaeological significance of animal bones from Acheulean sites in southern
Africa. African Archaeological Review 6: 3-25.
Mason, R. 1968. Transvaal and Natal Iron Age settlement revealed by aerial photography and
excavation. African Studies 27: 167-180.
Mitchell, P.J. 2002. Catalogue of Stone Age artefacts from Southern Africa in the British Museum.
The British Museum Occasional Paper 108. London: The British Museum.
National Cultural History Museum. 1995. Reconnaissance of remaining cultural resources in the
Bakerville Diamond Fields. Unpublished report prepared for the Department of
Environmental Affairs and Tourism. Sunnyside: National Cultural History Museum.
Peringuey, L. 1911. The Stone Ages of South Africa as represented in the Collection of the South
African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 8: 1-177.
SAHRA. n.d. Historic cattle dip, Elandsputte, Lichtenburg District. Accessed online on 20 June 2016
at: http://www.sahra.org.za/sahris/node/33381.
Smith, M. 2006. "On The Rand": a web site devoted to the history of early South African mining
related postcards, tokens & medals. Accessed online on 20th June 2016 at: http://www.on-
the-rand.co.uk/Index.htm.
Van Schalkwyk, J. 2008. Heritage impact report for the proposed 88kV power line from Watershed
Substation, Lichtenburg, to the Mmabatho Substation, North West Gauteng Province.
Unpublished report prepared for ARCUS Gibb (Pty) Ltd. Monument Park: J. van Schalkwyk.
16
Van Vuuren, D. 2015. Battle of Lichtenburg. Boer and Brit: our last South African Heritage.
Accessed online on 29 June 2016 at: http://www.boerenbrit.com/archives/4800.
Willcox, A.R. 1963. The rock art of South Africa. Johannesburg: Thomas Nelson and Sons (Africa)
(Pty) Ltd.
17
APPENDIX 1 Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae
Birth date and place: 22 June 1976, Cape Town, South Africa
Citizenship: South African
ID no: 760622 522 4085
Drivers License: Code 08
Marital Status: Married to Carol Orton
Languages spoken: English and Afrikaans
Education:
*Frank Schweitzer memorial book prize for an outstanding student and the degree in the First Class.
Employment History:
Spatial Archaeology Research Unit, UCT Research assistant Jan 1996 Dec 1998
Department of Archaeology, UCT Field archaeologist Jan 1998 Dec 1998
UCT Archaeology Contracts Office Field archaeologist Jan 1999 May 2004
UCT Archaeology Contracts Office Heritage & archaeological consultant Jun 2004 May 2012
School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Undergraduate Tutor Oct 2008 Dec 2008
Associate, Heritage & archaeological
ACO Associates cc Jan 2011 Dec 2013
consultant
Director, Heritage & archaeological
ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd Jan 2014
consultant
18
Professional Accreditation:
Extensive fieldwork as both Field Director and Principle Investigator throughout the Western and Northern Cape, and
also in the western parts of the Free State and Eastern Cape as follows:
19
APPENDIX 2 Palaeontological study
20
1
June 2016
1. PROJECT OUTLINE
The company Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd is proposing to undertake small-scale diamond mining on a small
(1.5 ha) site on the farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1, located c. 2 km west of the village of Ga-Motlatla, c.
35 km northwest of Ventersdorp and c. 40 km east of Lichtenburg, North West Province (Fig. 1).
This area falls under the Ditsobotla Local Municipality, within the Ngaka Modiri Molema District
Municipality. The site has been previously mined and features an open pit surrounded by flat-lying
agricultural lands.
The present desktop palaeontological heritage comment contributes to a Heritage Assessment for
the project that is being co-ordinated by Dr Jayson Orton of ASHA Consulting (Pty) Ltd (Address:
6A Scarborough Road, Muizenberg, 7945. E-mail: jayson@asha-consulting.co.za. Tel: 021 788
8425. Cell: 083 272 3225).
2. GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
The proposed diamond mining operation will centre on an existing pit (26 04 46 S, 26 33 40 E) in
flat-lying agricultural terrain at an elevation of around 1520 m amsl, some 2 km west of the village
of Ga-Motlata.
The geology of the study area is shown on 1: 250 000 sheet 2626 Wes-Rand (Fig. 3) Council for
Geoscience, Pretoria) for which a sheet explanation has not yet been published. The development
footprint overlies Precambrian (Proterozoic) dolomites and associated marine sedimentary rocks
that are assigned to the Malmani Subgroup (Chuniespoort Group) within the Transvaal
Supergroup (Eriksson & Altermann 1998, Eriksson et al. 2006). The 2 km-thick Malmani
Subgroup succession consists of a series of formations of stromatolitic and oolitic carbonates
(limestones and dolomites), cherts and black carbonaceous shales. These marine sediments were
laid down in a range of supratidal, intertidal and subtidal settings over a major epicontinental
carbonate platform in Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic times, roughly 2.55 to 2.50 Ga (billion
years ago). The bedrock unit represented at the study site is the Monte Christo Formation that
comprises some 300-500 m of breccias as well as stromatolitic and oolitic platform carbonates,
principally cherty dolomites in this area. The Malmani carbonates in the study area have been
subject to karstic (solution) weathering processes with near-surface concentration of insoluble
materials (chert, ferromanganese minerals etc) through downwasting (Fig. 2).
John E. Almond (2016) Natura Viva cc
2
The diamond deposits in the Lichtenburg area are in part associated with weathered, kaolinitised
alluvial or eluvial (residual) gravels of Late Cretaceous or younger Tertiary age that may have
been associated with south-flowing tributaries of the palaeo-Harts drainage system across the
Cargonian palaeo-highlands (De Wit 1981, De Wit et al. 2000, Partridge et al. 2006, cf Dollar
1998). According to the first authors, these gravels occur as surface stringers (see N-S dark
yellow strips in Fig. 3) or inside karstic hollows (sinkholes) within the underlying dolomitic bedrocks,
as at the present study site. The sinkholes may be related to an extensive ancient (Late
Cretaceous) African erosion surface. The basal productive Older Gravels consist mainly of
downwasted angular clasts of chert and vein quartz within a kaolinitic matrix. This facies is overlain
by similar but reddish gravels comprising chert, agate, vein quartz and rare diamonds. The Older
Gravels are largely of non-fluvial origin and may be of Late Cretaceous age. They are
unconformably overlain by greyish to reddish-brown, locally cross-bedded and diamondiferous
Younger Gravels of fluvial origin. Surface gravels in the area surrounding the pit are dominated by
cherty clasts downwasted from the Malmani dolomites.
Figure 1: Google earth satellite image of the Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond Mining
Operation (red dot) on the western part of Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 (white polygon)
situated c. 40 km east of Lichtenburg, North West Province.
Figure 2: Cut face in the existing small quarry on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 showing
karstified, thin-bedded cherts and dolomite of the Precambrian Monte Christo Formation at
the base. These are unconformably overlain by reddish-brown, chert-rich residual gravels
of possible Late Cretaceous age (Image kindly supplied by Dr J. Orton of ASHA Consulting
(Pty) Ltd).
3 km
Figure 3: Extract from 1: 250 000 geological map 2626 Wes-Rand (Council for Geoscience,
Pretoria) showing the approximate location (red dot) of the Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd Diamond
Mining Operation on the western part of Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1, c. 40 km east of
Lichtenburg, North West Province. The bedrock geology in the region comprises cherty
dolomites (solid blue-green) and banded cherts and dolomites of the Precambrian Monte
Christo Formation (Malmani Subgroup, Chuniespoort Group, Transvaal Supergroup) that
are locally stromatolitic. Qg (dark yellow) = stringers of Quaternary gravels, some
diamondiferous (Da = alluvial diamonds). Qs (pale yellow) = soils.
3. PALAEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE
The Malmani Subgroup platform carbonates of the Transvaal Basin, including the Monte Christo
Formation, host a variety of stromatolites (microbial laminites), ranging from supratidal mats to
intertidal columns and large subtidal domes. These biogenic structures are of biostratigraphic as
well as palaeoecological interest; for example, the successive Malmani dolomite formations are in
part differentiated by their stromatolite biotas (e.g. Truswell and Eriksson 1972, 1973, and 1975,
Schopf 2006 and Eriksson et al. 2006, among others). Microbial filaments and unicells have been
reported from stromatolites of the Transvaal Supergroup.
The non-fluvial, karstic-infill gravels and younger alluvial gravels are generally of low
palaeontological sensitivity. Fossil pollens and petrified woods of Late Cretaceous age have been
recorded from a sinkhole on Farm Grasfontein to the northwest of Lichtenburg, however (De Wit
1981, De Wit et al. 2000; cf also De Wit et al. 2009). Downwasted dolomitic clasts within the karst-
infill gravels on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 contain occasional small-scale stromatolitic domes (Fig.
4).
Figure 4: Dolomite clast from karst-infill gravels on Farm Kwaggaslagte 121-1 featuring a
small (few cm wide) domical stromatolite (Image kindly supplied by Dr J. Orton of ASHA
Consulting (Pty) Ltd).
4. CONCLUSIONS
In the case of any significant chance fossil finds during mining operation, these should be
safeguarded - preferably in situ - and reported by the ECO as soon as possible to the South
African Heritage Resources Agency, SAHRA (Contact details: SAHRA. P.O. Box 4637, Cape Town
8000. Tel: 021 462 4502. Email: cscheermeyer@sahra.org.za), so that appropriate mitigation by a
professional palaeontologist can be considered. Such mitigation usually involves the judicious
sampling, collection and recording of fossils as well as of relevant contextual data concerning the
surrounding sedimentary matrix. The palaeontologist concerned would need to apply beforehand
for a collection permit from SAHRA. These recommendations should be incorporated into the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this mining development.
5. REFERENCES
DE WIT, M.C.J. 1981. A geophysical investigation and geological interpretation of part of the
diamondiferous gravels on the farm Grasfontein (356JP), west of Bakerville. Unpublished MSc
thesis, University of Pretoria.
DE WIT, M.C.J. 1999. Post-Gondwana drainage and the development of diamond placers in
western South Africa. Economic Geology 94: 721-740.
DE WIT, M.C.J., MARSHALL, T.R. & PARTRIDGE, T.C. 2000. Fluvial deposits and drainage
evolution. In: Partridge, T.C. & Maud, R.R. (Eds.) The Cenozoic of southern Africa, pp.55-72.
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
DE WIT, M.C.J., WARD, J.D., BAMFORD, M.K. & ROBERTS, M.J. 2009. The significance of the
Cretaceous diamondiferous gravel deposit at Mahura Muthla, Northern Cape Province, South
Africa. South African Journal of Geology 112, 89-108.
ERIKSSON, P.G. & ALTERMANN, W. 1998. An overview of the geology of the Transvaal
Supergroup dolomites (South Africa). Environmental Geology 36, 179-188.
ERIKSSON, P.G., ALTERMANN, W. & HARTZER, F.J. 2006. The Transvaal Supergroup and its
precursors. In: Johnson, M.R., Anhaeusser, C.R. & Thomas, R.J. (Eds.) The geology of South
Africa, pp. 237-260. Geological Society of South Africa, Marshalltown.
PARTRIDGE, T.C., BOTHA, G.A. & HADDON, I.G. 2006. Cenozoic deposits of the interior. In:
Johnson, M.R., Anhaeusser, C.R. & Thomas, R.J. (Eds.) The geology of South Africa, pp. 585-604.
Geological Society of South Africa, Marshalltown.
SCHOPF, J.W. 2006. Fossil evidence of Archaean life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society B (2006) 361, 869-885.
TRUSWELL, J.F. & ERIKSSON, K.A. 1972. The morphology of stromatolites from the Transvaal
Dolomite northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of
South Africa 75, 99-110.
TRUSWELL, J.F. & ERIKSSON, K.A. 1973. Stromatolite associations and their
palaeoenvironmental significance: a reappraisal of a Lower Proterozoic locality in the North Cape
Province, South Africa. Sedimentary Geology 10, 1-23.
TRUSWELL, J.F. & ERIKSSON, K.A. 1975. A palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the early
Proterozoic Malmani Dolomite from Zwartkops, South Africa. Precambrian Research 9, 277-303.
Dr John Almond has an Honours Degree in Natural Sciences (Zoology) as well as a PhD in
Palaeontology from the University of Cambridge, UK. He has been awarded post-doctoral
research fellowships at Cambridge University and in Germany, and has carried out
palaeontological research in Europe, North America, the Middle East as well as North and South
Africa. For eight years he was a scientific officer (palaeontologist) for the Geological Survey /
Council for Geoscience in the RSA. His current palaeontological research focuses on fossil record
of the Precambrian - Cambrian boundary and the Cape Supergroup of South Africa. He has
recently written palaeontological reviews for several 1: 250 000 geological maps published by the
Council for Geoscience and has contributed educational material on fossils and evolution for new
school textbooks in the RSA.
Since 2002 Dr Almond has also carried out palaeontological impact assessments for developments
and conservation areas in the Western, Eastern and Northern Cape, Limpopo, Mpumalanga,
Kwazulu-Natal, Gauteng, Free State and North West Province under the aegis of his Cape Town-
based company Natura Viva cc. He has been a long-standing member of the Archaeology,
Palaeontology and Meteorites Committee for Heritage Western Cape (HWC) and an advisor on
palaeontological conservation and management issues for the Palaeontological Society of South
Africa (PSSA), HWC and SAHRA. He is currently compiling technical reports on the provincial
palaeontological heritage of Western, Northern and Eastern Cape for SAHRA and HWC. Dr
Almond is an accredited member of PSSA and APHP (Association of Professional Heritage
Practitioners Western Cape).
Declaration of Independence
I, John E. Almond, declare that I am an independent consultant and have no business, financial,
personal or other interest in the proposed development project, application or appeal in respect of
which I was appointed other than fair remuneration for work performed in connection with the
activity, application or appeal. There are no circumstances that compromise the objectivity of my
performing such work.
Dr John E. Almond
Palaeontologist
Natura Viva cc
Compiled For:
Compiled By:
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is undertaking the necessary
environmental authorisations for a proposed diamond mining operation (Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd) in
the North West Province. The CSIR is undertaking the work pro-bono as part of a Special
Needs Skills and Development Programme for the Dani Property Trust. In line with legislation,
Natural Scientific Services CC (NSS) performed the ecological component for the proposed
project.
The Project is located on the farm Kwaggaslaagte 121-1 near Ga-Motlatla Village, about 35 km
from Ventersdorp, North-West. From historical imagery, it is clear that the majority of the area
over the last 20 years has been under agriculture (crop fields). The site is also situated in the
Grassland Biome, and more specifically the Gh 15 Carletonville Dolomite Grassland. This
vegetation unit occurs on slightly undulating plains dissected by prominent rocky chert ridges.
Species-rich grasslands forming a complex mosaic pattern dominated by many species.
The ecological scan involved desktop research and fieldwork, which was performed during a site
visit on 18 February 2016. From the field investigations the study area was predominantly flat to
slightly undulating with very homogenous vegetation structure. The majority of the site was
transformed through previous mining (excavation) and agricultural practices. Therefore only
slight variations in vegetation structure could be seen with the defined habitat groups. These
included the natural habitat pockets referred to as Themeda-Ziziphus-Seriphium Rocky
Grassland and the transformed Seriphium -Berkheya Rocky Grassland (Past Farming) and
Seriphium- Melinis- Themeda Rocky Grassland (in recovery). In terms of floral Conservation
Important (CI) species, the Declining Boophone disticha and the Declining Hypoxis
hemerocallidea were, identified on Site. These are also considered Protected species under the
Nature Conservation Ordinance, 12 of 1983 that require a permit from North West Province.
As mentioned, habitat diversity within the small relatively flat chert-dominated Kwaggaslaagte
site is low and as such faunal diversity is expected to to be low. In total nine mammal, 32 bird, 5
reptile, 6 butterfly and one scorpion species were detected on site during the ecoscan. In spite
of this, a number of CI species may utilise the site albeit sporadically. Few (if any) are likely to
be resident and most CIS will not be dependent on the site.
A Site Significance assessment was based on the findings from the ecological scan, as well as
relevant international, national and provincial planning and other biodiversity conservation
initiatives. Ratings were assigned to each habitat, with the Themeda-Ziziphus-Seriphium Rocky
Grassland containing the highest rating (Moderate Significance). This community still shows
signs of a typical Carltonville Dolomitic Grassland indicative of the species recorded and also
contains Declining floral species, potential CI faunal species and shows limited disturbances.
Although the site is small, and relatively transformed through past agricultural practices, a
number of potential impacts could still occur and were highlighted within the report. This
included the direct loss of terrestrial vegetation and faunal habitat, faunal mortality and
displacement, the loss of CI floral species, potential introduction of Alien (plant) and feral - pest
(Faunal) species and sensory disturbances affecting behavioural patterns.
With the implementation of the mitigation measures suggested in this report, the significance of
most impacts on site from an ecological perspective are considered to be of Low Significance.
Based on the information available to date, with the brief field scan of the site, it is NSSs opinion
that there are no fatal flaws to the project and that provided the mitigation set out is adhered to
and that the developer shows commitment to the sustainable development, NSS have no
objections to the project going forward.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
6. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 13
6.1. Vegetation & Floral Communities .................................................................................. 13
6.2. Fauna ........................................................................................................................... 15
6.3. Impact Assessment....................................................................................................... 16
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 5-3 Terrain units occurring within land type Fa15 (AGIS, 2014) ............................. 8
Figure 5-4 Regional Vegetation and Land Types in the Study Area ................................ 11
Figure 5-5 Ecoregion and Quaternary Catchments in the Study Area ............................. 12
Figure 6-1 Main vegetation sampling points.................................................................... 14
Figure 7-1 Vegetation Communities within the Study Area. ............................................ 23
Figure 7-2 Photographs of the different habitats within the bounds of the study area ..... 24
Figure 7-3. Examples of indigenous plant species on site................................................ 25
Figure 7-4 Photographs of Conservation Important plant species on Site ....................... 27
Figure 7-5. Examples of faunal species on site ................................................................ 28
Figure 8-1 National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas in the Study Area .................. 38
Figure 8-2 Threatened Ecosystems and SANBI Priority Areas ....................................... 39
Figure 8-3 North West Biodiversity Conservation Assessment ....................................... 40
Figure 8-4 On Site Significance ...................................................................................... 41
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACRONYM DESCRIPTION
AoC Areas of Concern
CARA Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (Act 43 of 1983)
CAS Consulting and Analytical Services
CBA Critical Biodiversity Areas
CR Critically Endangered a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for
describing species in serious danger of facing extinction
CI Conservation Important Species
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
DD Data Deficient a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for
describing species for which there is inadequate data available to
assess their danger of facing extinction
DEA Department of Environmental Affairs
DWA Department of Water Affairs (Previously known as DWAF)
DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
DWS Department of Water and Sanitation (Previously known as DWA)
ECA Environmental Conservation Act (Act 73 of 1989)
EI Ecological Importance
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Programme
EMPR Environmental Management Programme Report
EN Endangered a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for
describing species in danger of facing extinction
ES Ecological Sensitivity
FEPA Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas
GG Government Gazette
GN Government Notice
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature, based in Gland,
Switzerland
LC Least Concern a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for
describing species not in danger of facing extinction
MBG Mining and Biodiversity Guideline
MBSP Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan
MNCA Mpumalanga Nature Conservation Act (Act 10 of 1998)
MPBA Mpumalanga Parks Board Act (Act 6 of 1995)
MTPAA Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency Act (Act 5 of 2005)
NAEHMP National Aquatic Ecosystem Health Monitoring Programme
NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
NEM:AQA National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004)
NEM:BA National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004)
ACRONYM DESCRIPTION
NEM:PAA National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (Act 57 of
2003)
NEMA National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998)
NEMWA National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008)
NFA National Forest Act (Act 48 of 1998)
NFEPA National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas
NHRA National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999)
NMPRD National Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of
2002)
NSBA National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment
NSS Natural Scientific Services CC
NVFFA National Veld and Forest Fire Act (Act 101 of 1998)
NWA National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998)
NT Near Threatened a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for
describing species not yet in danger of facing extinction, but close to
such a state
PES Present Ecological State
PrSciNat Registration as a Professional Natural Scientist
PS Protected Species
QDGS Quarter Degree Grid Square the basic unit used by the Surveyor
General for creation of 1:50 000 topographical maps
RHP River Health Programme
SAIAB South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute
SASS5 South African Scoring System version
SMP Strategic Management Plans
ToR Terms of Reference
TSP Threatened Species Programme a programme managed by SANBI
to assess the Red Data status of South African plants
VU Vulnerable a Red Data classification used by the IUCN for describing
species in danger of facing extinction
WMA Water Management Area
WQ Water Quality
WSA Water Service Act (WSA, Act 108 of 1997)
DECLARATION
1. Introduction
In South Africa, recent legislation has affirmed the national commitment to conservation. The
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act 10 of 2004) has been
assented by the South African President and was published in the Government Gazette in June
2004 (Vol. 467; No. 26426). The objective of this Act is to provide for, amongst others the
management and conservation of South Africas biodiversity within the framework of the
National Environmental Management Act, 1998; the protection of species and ecosystems that
warrant national protection; and the sustainable use of indigenous biological resources.
This report includes the findings of an ecological scan with an impact assessment for the site.
2. Terms of Reference
As agreed between the CSIR and NSS, our assessment was performed according to the
methodology described under Appendix 1, and this report includes:
A broad description of the biophysical attributes of the study area (relevant to an eco
assessment);
A list of any applicable legislation, guidelines, standards and criteria to be considered in
project planning (e.g. whether permits required for removal of certain species);
Broad determination of the conservation importance (in terms of national and provincial
priorities) of the sampled area;
the different vegetation types found, including overview on structure, dominant plant
composition and condition;
Species of Conservation Concern, if any, (Red Data / endemics / medicinal value) that
could potentially occur in the site and surrounds
An assessment of the potential impacts and a list of mitigation measures that will be
required to reduce these impacts (no detailed impact assessment was presented in the
Scope of Work, just a list of potential impacts).
Identification of any potential future work that may be required on site through the
assessment and motivation as to why.
3. Project Team
This assessment was conducted and managed by NSS. The NSS team have extensive
experience in project management and fieldwork for numerous ecological and biodiversity
studies as well as aquatic and wetland assessments. The team have also been involved in the
management and undertaking of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), Environmental
Management Programme Reports (EMPRs), Strategic Management Plans (SMPs) and
Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), thereby having a good understanding and
knowledge of impacts associated with different development sectors (Conservation, Mining,
Industrial and Commercial). In terms of accreditation and professional registrations the following
is applicable to NSS:
The senior team members are registered Professional Natural Scientists in the
ecological, environmental, aquatic and zoological fields.
The aquatics team are accredited with Department of Water and Sanitation (DWA) to
perform the SASS5 (South African Scoring System version 5) for aquatic macro-
invertebrate monitoring.
The Wetland Specialists is acknowledged by the DWS as a Competent Wetland
Delineator.
The details of the project team are included in Table 3-1 and Main CVs in Appendix 7.
4. Applicable Legislation
Legislation, policies and guidelines, which could apply to impacts of the proposed project on
biodiversity, are listed below. Although the list is comprehensive, additional legislation, policies
and guidelines that have not been mentioned may apply.
5.2. Climate
The study area receives rainfall, mostly during the summer months. Figure 5-2 shows monthly
rainfall and temperature data from January 2015 up until February 2016 (with the NSS fieldwork
undertaken in February 2016). The highest rainfall has been received over January, with
February and December receiving very little rainfall. The annual rainfall from January to
December 2015 was 218 mm, which indicates a dryer than usual year. The maximum
temperatures range from 30C in January and December and the minimum temperatures range
from 1C in June and July (www.weathersa.co.za, www.accuweather.com).
120 35
100 30
20
60
15
40
10
20 5
0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2015 2016
Rainfall Months
Min Temperature
Max Temperature
Mean Temperature
Figure 5-2 Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Patterns for Lichtenburg from January 2015 to
February 2016
Land types represent areas that are uniform with respect to climate, terrain form, geology and
soil. According to AGIS (2014), the study site is situated in land type Fa15 (Figure 5-4). Across
a landscape, usually five terrain units can be identified. Wetlands occur most frequently in valley
bottoms (unit 5), but can also occur on crests, mid slopes and foot slopes (units 1, 3 and 4). The
catena within land type Fa15 incorporate all of the four terrain units 1, 3, 4 and 5, as shown in
Figure 5.3. Presented in Table 5-1 is an overview of the soil forms and their extent of
coverage, which can be expected within different terrain units in land type Fa15.
Figure 5-3 Terrain units occurring within land type Fa15 (AGIS, 2014)
Table 5-1 Soil forms, their wetland potential, coverage, and erodibility classes within the
terrain units of land type Fa15
% COVER PER TERRAIN UNIT
SOIL FORM
1 3 4 5
SLOPE (%) 0-2% 2-5% 1-2% 0-1%
Soil-rock complex
Rock/Rots 16 7 17 6
Mispah Ms10, KlipfonteinMs11,Platt Gs14, Glenrosa Gs15, 72 46 33 14
Trevanian Gs17
Msinga Hu26, Clansthal Hu24,Lichtenburg Hu23 12 47 50 40
Devon We22, Newport Cv27,Southwold Cv26, Avalon Av26,Chinyika 40
Wo21
5.4. Hydrology
The study site falls within the Middle Vaal Management Area (WMA) 9, Quaternary Catchment
C24F and Ecoregion 11.01 (Highveld eco-region), (Figure 5-5). According to the DWA (2012),
the Middle Vaal WMA is located downstream of the confluence of the Vaal and the Rietspruit
Rivers and upstream of Bloemhof Dam. It extends to the Skoonspruit River in the north and the
Vet River in the south, and covers a total catchment area of 52 563 km2. The Middle Vaal WMA
incorporates portions of the Free State and North-West Provinces and is, therefore, important to
the regional economies of these provinces. Major rivers in the Middle Vaal WMA include the
Skoonspruit, Renoster, Vals, Vet and Vaal rivers (DWA, 2012).
The Monamaladi River (19km south west of the site) is a tributary of the Taaibosspruit, which
flows south and joins the Skoonspruit and eventually the Vaal River just downstream of the town
of Orkney. In the Skoonspruit Catchment, land use is predominately mining, dryland and limited
irrigated agriculture and urbanization. The Skoonspruit dolomitic eye represents an important
resource in the upper part of the catchment, providing water for irrigation agriculture and
Ventersdorp as well as base flow in the river. There are also substantial irrigation abstractions
through boreholes from the dolomitic compartments feeding the eye. Major impacts include
mining and agricultural return flows, flow regulation for irrigation use, and water quality related
problems due to urbanization, mining and agriculture (DWA, 2012).
A summary of the Present Ecological State (PES), Ecological Importance (EI), Ecological
Sensitivity (ES) and current impacts on the Monamaladi River is presented in Table 5-2 (DWS,
2014). The Desktop PES of the Monamaladi River is moderately modified (a Category) and a
loss and change of natural habitats and biota have occurred but the basic ecosystem functions
are predominately unchanged. According to the DWS (2014), the water quality (WQ) as well as
the instream and riparian habitats are impacted on by agriculture, trampling (by cattle), instream
dams, and roads. The EI of the Monamaladi River is moderate due to the presence of 48
species (riparian, wetland and aquatic species) in this sub-quaternary catchment as well as one
protected species. The main habitats for these species include an incised channel with surface
flows, grassy edges, riparian trees and shrubs as well as seepage and oxbow wetlands. The
size of stream, morphology and geomorphic habitat units determine the ES. The Monamaladi
River has a moderate sensitivity to modified flow conditions and water level changes (DWS,
2014). The degree of flow change will elicit a particular level of response and the smaller
streams are usually more sensitive i.e. rapid loss of useable habitats as flows decrease. The
Monamaladi River is a Lower Foothill and Endangered (EN) system and not protected (Nel &
Driver, 2012; Driver et al. 2011).
This vegetation unit occurs on slightly undulating plains dissected by prominent rocky chert
ridges. Species-rich grasslands forming a complex mosaic pattern dominated by many species
(Mucina & Rutherford, 2006).
Table 5-3 Dominant species found within the Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
Vegetation Type Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
Low Shrubs: Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum, Indigofera comosa, Pygmaethamnus
zeyheri var. rogersii, Searsia magaliesmontana, Tylosema esculentum, Ziziphus
zeyheriana,
Figure 5-4 Regional Vegetation and Land Types in the Study Area
6. Methodology
The ecological scan involved desktop research and fieldwork, which was performed during a site
visit on 18 February 2016.
1
The South African National Biodiversity Institute
6.1.1 Limitations
It is important to note that the absence of species on site does not conclude that the species is
not present at the site. Reasons for not finding certain species during the summer site visit may
be due to:
The small, fragmented nature of the site and disturbances from past excavation and
farming activities on site.
The short duration of fieldwork and the timing of the fieldwork, which occurred after a few
months of below average rainfall.
Some plant species, which are small, have short flowering times, rare or otherwise difficult
to detect may not have been detected even though they were potentially present on site.
Reporting including vegetation community descriptions, mapping of broad habitat types /
vegetation communities and CI species analysis. For CI floral species, Likelihood of
Occurrence (LO) rating is assigned to each species based on the availability of suitable
habitat using the following scale: Present; Highly likely; Possible; Unlikely or No Habitat
available.
6.2. Fauna
The lists were refined based on field observations, where the Likelihood of Occurrence (LO) of
each species was rated using the following scale:
1 Present: the species, or signs of its presence, was observed on Site or in the immediate
surrounding area by NSS, or in the region by SABAP observers.
2 High: the species is highly likely to occur, based on available distribution data, and
observed habitats.
3 Moderate: the species may occur, based on available distribution data, and observed
habitats and disturbances.
4 The species is unlikely to occur based on marginal distribution or a lack of suitable
habitat.
6.2.2 Fieldwork
Faunal observations were made while driving, walking, and inspecting different habitats on site
and in the area. Taxa were identified based on observations specimens, spoor, droppings,
burrows and other evidence. Rocks and logs were turned in search of reptiles, scorpions, frogs
and invertebrates. A sweep net was used to catch butterflies.
An atlas and Red Data book for South African scorpion or baboon spider species has not yet
been published. Note that due to spatio-temporal variation in human disturbances, the
conservation status of some species differs between the IUCN, the relevant national Red Data
assessment publication, and the ToPS list. Unless otherwise stated, the most threatened
status of a species is provided (in abbreviated form) in text, whether this is at a global or
national scale.
6.2.4 Limitations
Our visit was limited to a single day and, therefore, not all potentially occurring (especially
nocturnal) species were likely to be detected.
Some species, which are uncommon, small, migratory, secretive or otherwise difficult to
detect may not have been detected even though they were potentially present.
2
Note that a Loss of species is a global issue and is differentiated from a loss of flora/fauna population
3
Note that a visual impact or air emissions for example could be considered as severely impacting on
quality of life should it constitute more than a nuisance but not being life threatening
National 4
International/Global 5
On completion of the Impact Assessment, where negative impacts are identified, the study
should set mitigation objectives (i.e. ways of avoiding or reducing negative impacts), and
recommend possible mitigation actions. Where no mitigation is feasible, this will be stated and
the reasons given. Where positive impacts are identified, management actions to enhance the
benefit may also be recommended.
SANBI frequently collect/collate floral data within Southern Africa and update their PRECIS
database system (National Herbarium Pretoria (PRE) Computerised Information System) which
is captured according to quarter degree squares (QDSs). This is referred to the POSA database.
For this study, the Site falls with 2626BA. This QDG is under sampled as species recorded do
not exceed 65 species (Date extracted March 2016). For the purpose of comparative analysis,
the 2626B set of QDGs was used. This yielded 185 species of 52 families. The dominant
families being, POACEAE, FABACEAE, and ASTERACEAE (Table 7-1), with the herbs
representing 36.76%, graminoids representing 15.14% and dwarf shrubs (woody species)
representing over 12.43% of the total species listed for the area (Table 7-1).
In terms of the site, structural representation was following the trend presented within the larger
region (2626B QDGs), with forbs (herbs) and graminoids being the most dominant typical of
grassland habitats (Table 7-1).
Table 7-1 Top ten dominant families and most dominant growth forms obtained from the
POSA website for the QDS 2626B and on Site
No. OF % TOTAL
IMPORTANT FAMILIES GROWTH FORMS ON SITE
SPP SPP
POACEAE 28 Herb 36.76 40
FABACEAE 24 Graminoid 15.14 21.54
ASTERACEAE 16 Dwarf shrub 12.43 7.69
APOCYNACEAE 10 Geophyte 8.11 6.15
MALVACEAE 10 Shrub 7.03 6.15
CYPERACEAE 7 Succulent 5.41 7.69
ACANTHACEAE 6 Cyperoid 3.78 1.54
LAMIACEAE 6 Shrub / tree 3.78 -
ANACARDIACEAE 5 Climber / Scrambler 2.7 1.54
ASPHODELACEAE 4 Parasite 2.7 -
From the field investigations the study area was predominantly flat to slightly undulating with
very homogenous vegetation structure. The majority of the site was transformed through
previous mining (excavation) and agricultural practices (Table 7-2, Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-1).
Therefore only slight variations in vegetation structure could be seen with the following habitat
groups being defined (Figure 7-2):
Natural habitat pockets
o Themeda-Ziziphus-Seriphium Rocky Grassland
Transformed - Open pit
Transformed
o Seriphium -Berkheya Rocky Grassland (Past Farming)
o Seriphium- Melinis- Themeda Rocky Grassland (in recovery)
As mentioned, species variations within the different habitats were slight and therefore species
recorded within the sampling area are grouped and provided in Table 7-3. Common species
through the site included: Brachiaria serrata, Conyza podocephala, Cymbopogon cf. excavatus,
Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis chloromelas, Helichrysum rugulosum, Hermannia depressa,
Ocimum obovatum, Pogonarthria squarrosa, Selago densiflora, Themeda triandra, Trichoneura
grandiglumis and Ziziphus zeyheriana
In addition, within the habitats present on site, alien species were not prevalent.
Family Species
ASTERACEAE Helichrysum setosum Harv.
ASTERACEAE Helichrysum spp
MALVACEAE Hermannia depressa N.E.Br.
MALVACEAE Hermannia transvaalensis Schinz
MALVACEAE Hibiscus microcarpus Garcke
HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Av-Lall.
FABACEAE Indigofera comosa N.E.Br.
FABACEAE Indigofera spp
CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea ommanneyi Rendle
CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea spp
ACANTHACEAE Justicia anagalloides (Nees) T.Anderson
HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria spp
VERBENACEAE Lippia cf. rehmannii H.Pearson
POACEAE Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka
CONVOLVULACEAE Merremia verecunda Rendle
GERANIACEAE Monsonia burkeana Planch. ex Harv.
LAMIACEAE Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. obovatum var. obovatum
FABACEAE Ophrestia oblongifolia (E.Mey.) H.M.L.Forbes var. oblongifolia
POLYGONACEAE Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens
POACEAE Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem. & Schult.) Pilg.
PORTULACACEAE Portulaca cf. quadrifida L.
RUBIACEAE Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns
SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago densiflora Rolfe
ASTERACEAE Senecio venosus Harv.
ASTERACEAE Seriphium plumosum
Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex M.B.Moss var.
POACEAE sphacelata
POACEAE Sporobolus spp
POACEAE Themeda triandra Forssk.
POACEAE Trichoneura grandiglumis (Nees) Ekman
ASTERACEAE Ursinia nana DC. subsp. leptophylla Prassler
RHAMNACEAE Ziziphus zeyheriana Sond.
FABACEAE Zornia milneana Mohlenbr.
However, homogenous landscapes, either natural or that have been transformed through
historical farming practices and infrastructural development contain minimal diversity and
endemism. The current site has been affected within the past (at least the past 20 years) by
agricultural practices and those pockets that remain semi-natural are limited in terms of
habitat heterogeneity. Although considered a brief Eco Scan report, NSS has included a
section on Conservation Important (CI) species that were detected or could possibly be
detected on site. Within this section the CI species are discussed. These include the
National Threatened Plant Species Programme (TSP) lists, any Protected species according
to the Nature Conservation Ordinance (12 of 1983) and any specific Endemic or Rare
species.
The Threatened Plant Species Programme (TSP) is an ongoing assessment that revises all
threatened plant species assessments made by Craig Hilton-Taylor (1996), using IUCN Red
Listing Criteria modified from Davis et al. (1986). According to the TSP Red Data list of
South African plant taxa (accessed March 2016), there are 46 Red Data listed species
(Table 7-4) within North West Province (including Data Deficient species) of which 2 species
are Critically Endangered (CR), 4 Endangered (EN) and 8 are Vulnerable (VU).
Table 7-4 Numbers of conservation important plant species per Red Data category within
South Africa and North West (date accessed: March 2016)
SOUTH
NORTH
THREAT STATUS AFRIC 2626B
WEST
A
EX (Extinct) 28 - 0
EW (Extinct in the wild) 7 - 0
CR PE (Critically Endangered, Possibly Extinct) 57 - 0
CR (Critically Endangered) 332 2 0
EN (Endangered) 716 4 0
VU (Vulnerable) 1 217 8 0
NT (Near Threatened) 402 8 2
Critically Rare (known to occur only at a single site) 153 1 0
Rare (Limited population but not exposed to any direct or
1 212 4 0
potential threat)
Declining (not threatened but processes are causing a continuing
47 7 0
decline in the population)
LC (Least Concern) 13 856 1935 124
DDD (Data Deficient - Insufficient Information) 348 - 0
DDT (Data Deficient - Taxonomically Problematic) 904 12 1
Total spp (including those not evaluated) 23 399 2416 141
**Date accessed March 2016
From the POSA website (QDS 2626B) 1 CI species has been recorded in the Study Region.
This is the Near Threatened Cleome conrathii. A rare species recorded from central Gauteng
into the North West Province and the Kuruman District in northern Cape Province. It occurs
on stony slopes, usually on sandy soil. The possibility of this species occurring on site
(based on habitat requirements) is considered unlikely. The Carltonville Dolomitic
Grasslands are also known to house the DDT Delosperma davyi and the EN Habenaria
mossii. Delosperma davyi is known to occur on dolomite rocks at the edge of dense, shady
scrub above river lines and Habenaria mossii prefers open grassland on dolomite or in black
sandy soil. Both species have not been recorded this far west of Gauteng and the possibility
of occurrence on site is Unlikely.
The Declining Boophone disticha and the Declining Hypoxis hemerocallidea were, however,
identified on Site (Figure 7-4). These are also considered Protected species under the
Nature Conservation Ordinance, 12 of 1983. Protected Species may not be cut, disturbed,
damaged, destroyed without obtaining a permit from North West Province or a delegated
authority.
7.2. Fauna
Habitat diversity within the small relatively flat chert-dominated Kwaggaslaagte site is low
and as such a low faunal diversity is expected to occur. In spite of this a number of
Conservation Important Species (CIS) may utilise the site albeit sporadically. Few (if any)
are likely to be resident and most CIS will not be dependent on the site.
In total nine mammal, 32 bird, 5 reptile, 6 butterfly and one scorpion species were detected
on site during the ecoscan. These, mostly widespread and common species are presented
in Table 7-5. Some examples illustrated in Figure 7-5. Lists of potentially occurring faunal
species for the study area (based on nation-wide distribution maps and habitat availability
are presented in Appendices 1-6.
7.2.1 Mammals
Some 60 species are likely to occur based on habitat and distribution (LO of 1, 2 or 3 in
Appendix 1) of which sixteen are known to occur in the QDS (MammalMap, 2016). Nine
mammal species were detected on site (Table 7-6) only one of which is considered to be of
conservation importance namely Aardvark (PS). Fourteen of the 16 regionally occurring non-
game CIS are likely to occur (LO value of 2 or 3 in Table 7-6) albeit mostly non-resident and
fleeting.
Three NT bat species Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat, Darling's Horseshoe Bat and Natal Long-
fingered Bat may utilise the site for foraging. Although no suitable subterranean roosting
habitat exists on site for these species (cherty flats), a large dolomitic outcrop situated 7.8
km east holds several significant cave systems which are known to support large numbers of
horseshoe bats (pers. obs). The distribution of White Tailed Rat (EN) overlaps the site.
However, one major requirement of this grassland species, namely dense vegetation cover
(Skinner & Chimimba, 2005; Coetzee & Monadjem, 2008.), is distinctly lacking. All seven
naturally occurring CI carnivore species may occur sporadically, but are likely sparse and
under pressure from farmers and local communities. The presence of Aardvark, a recent
addition to the ToPS (2015) list (PS), was confirmed based on burrows encountered on site.
Southern African Hedgehog may well occur on site. Hedgehogs inhabit a diversity of habitats
in the temperate to semi-arid interior of South Africa where there is thick, dry vegetation
cover suitable for nesting, and an abundance of insects and other food items (Skinner &
Chimimba 2005; Stuart & Stuart 2007). Although widespread, hedgehogs are nowhere
common. Tiny Musk Shrew and Swamp Musk Shrew are precluded by marginal distribution
and a lack of marshy habitat respectively.
6
2,4,6
1
ATLAS
ORDER & 2,4
2,4 COMMON NAME GLOBAL 2 S.A.
LoO
SPECIES 5 ATLAS 3
IUCN NEM:BA
EULIPOTYPHLA (Hedgehogs & shrews)
Crocidura mariquensis Swamp Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 4
Crocidura fuscomurina Tiny Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 4
Crocidura hirta Lesser Red Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 2
Atelerix frontalis Southern African Hedgehog LC (S) NT - 2
CHIROPTERA (Bats)
Rhinolophus clivosus Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat LC (U) NT - 2
Rhinolophus darlingi Darling's Horseshoe Bat LC (U) NT - 2
Miniopterus natalensis Natal Long-fingered Bat LC (U) NT - 2
RODENTIA (Rodents)
Mystromys
3
albicaudatus White-tailed Rat EN (D) EN -
CARNIVORA (Carnivores)
Hyaena brunnea Brown Hyaena NT (D) NT PS 3
Panthera pardus Leopard NT (D) LC PS 2
Felis nigripes Black-footed Cat VU (D) LC PS 3
Otocyon megalotis Bat-eared Fox LC (U) LC PS 2
Vulpes chama Cape Fox LC (S) LC PS 2
Mellivora capensis Honey Badger LC (D) NT - 3
Poecilogale albinucha African Weasel LC (U) DD - 2
TUBULIDENTATA (Aardvark)
Orycteropus afer Aardvark LC (U) LC PS 1
PERISSODACTYLA (Zebras & Rhinoceros)
Ceratotherium simum White Rhinoceros NT (I) LC PS 5
Black Rhinoceros - North-
Diceros bicornis 5
eastern Race CR (I) VU EN
Equus zebra zebra Cape Mountain Zebra VU (U) VU VU 5 x
Equus quagga Plains Zebra LC (S) LC PS* 5 x
RUMINATA (Even-toed ungulates)
Connochaetes gnou Black Wildebeest LC (I) LC PS* 5 x
Connochaetes taurinus Blue Wildebeest LC (S) LC PS* 5 x
Alcelaphus buselaphus Red Hartebeest LC (D) LC PS* 5 x
Damaliscus pygargus
phillipsi Blesbok LC (S)* LC PS* 5 x
Key
Status: CR = Critically Endangered; D = Declining; DD = Data Deficient; EN = Endangered; I = Increasing; LC = Least
Concern; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected Species; S = Stable; U = Unknown; VU = Vulnerable
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low; 5 = May occur as a managed
population
CONSERVATION STATUS
6
2,4,6
1
ATLAS
ORDER & 2,4
2,4 COMMON NAME GLOBAL 2 S.A.
LoO
SPECIES 5 ATLAS 3
IUCN NEM:BA
1 2 3 4 5
Sources: Stuart & Stuart (2007); Friedmann & Daly (2004); ToPS List (2015); Monadjem et al. (2010); IUCN
6
(2013.1); MammalMap (2016)
*Listed on ToPS (2015) as Protected Game
7.2.2 Birds
Fewer than 300 bird species are likely to occur regionally. Collated data from the SABAP 1
and 2 list 226 for the relevant pentad 2600_2630. The number of species actually likely to
occur on site (ca. 200 species; in Appendix 2) is limited by the lack of open waterbodies,
wetlands and rocky outcrops. As such the bird community on site is characterised by
common and widespread grassland species (Table 7-7).
No CI bird species or signs thereof were detected on site. Of the 19 regionally occurring CIS
only six are likely to be encountered sporadically namely Cape Vulture (EN) and White-
backed Vulture (EN), Secretarybird (NT), Blue Crane (VU), Red-footed Falcon (NT) and
Melodious Lark (NT). With the exception of Melodious Lark these species are only likely to
utilise the site occasionally from a foraging perspective. Melodious Lark typically favours
short climax grassland with an abundance of bare patches between tufts (Hockey et al.
2006). On site the species is most likely to occur in areas of the site associated with the
Themeda-Ziziphus-Seriphium Rocky Grassland vegetation community especially those
along the western boundary.
ATLAS
CATEGORY & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
3 5 2
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
CONSERVATION STATUS
1 3 4
ATLAS
CATEGORY & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
3 5 2
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
LO
Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle VU (D) EN/VU EN 4
Circus ranivorus African Marsh-harrier LC (D) EN/LC PS 4
9. Cryptic & elusive insect-eaters
Mirafra cheniana Melodious Lark NT (D) LC/NT - 2 x
Agulhas Long-billed
Certhilauda brevirostris Lark LC (S) NT/NR - 4 x
Key
Status: D = Declining; EN = Endangered; I = Increasing; LC = Least Concern; NB = Non-breeding; NR =
Not Recognised by Birdlife International; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected Species; S = Stable; U =
Unknown population trend; VU = Vulnerable
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low
1 2 3 4 5
Sources: Newman (2002); ToPS List (2016); IUCN (2013.1); SABAP (2016); Taylor (2015)
7.2.3 Reptiles
ReptileMap (2016) lists five species for the QDS covering the study area but as many as ca.
30 reptile species may occur. During the site visit five species were detected four of which
represent additional species not recorded in ReptileMap (2016). Cape Gecko and Variable
Skink were by far the most ubiquitous species on site (numerous individuals of varying age
classes and eggs were encountered under rocks). Wahlberg's Snake-eyed Skink, Holubs
Sandveld Lizard, and Yellow-throated Plated Lizard were encountered less frequently.
No Red Data reptile species are likely to occur but the site may support three South African
endemics namely Thin-tailed Legless Skink, Eastern Ground Agama and Aurora Snake,
none of which were detected (Appendix 3).
7.2.4 Frogs
FrogMap (2016) lists 7 species for the QDS covering the study area and as many as 14 are
known to occur regionally. However the lack any open water bodies, streams or marshes on
site preclude the presence of at least five of these species. Species that are likely occur on
site are generally those that are less strictly tied to permanent water bodies and often found
some distance from water such as Bushveld Rain Frog, Eastern Olive Toad, Guttural Toad,
Red Toad, Snoring Puddle Frog, Boettgers Caco and Tremolo Sand Frog. Giant Bullfrog
(NT) may occur based on distribution, however no suitable breeding habitat was observed
on site. A pan that may provide potentially suitable breeding habitat is located 2.9 km south
of the site. As such dispersing juveniles or foraging individuals may occasionally move
across the site.
The stinger scorpion Uroplectes triangulifer was frequently encountered inhabiting shallow
scrapes beneath rocks on site. The species is known to enter houses but is not medically
important. Other species likely to occur on site include the stinger scorpion Uroplectes
carinatus and the burrowing scorpions Opistopthalmus pugnax and Opistopthalmus
carinatus. The latter two were formerly recognised as Protected under the old ToPS (2007)
but have since been omitted from the ToPS (2015) lists. The distribution ranges of
Parabuthus mossambicensis and Pseudolychas pegleri overlap the study area (Leeming,
2003) but are likely precluded by a lack of sandy soils and trees / surface debris
respectively.
At least two baboon spider species are reported to occur in the North-west Province
Harpactirella flavipilosa and Pterinochilus crassispinus (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2002) (Table
7-8). As with the aforementioned scorpions although Pterinochilus spp. were formerly
recognised as Protected under the old ToPS (2007) they have since been removed from the
ToPS (2015) lists. Despite extensive searching no baboon spiders nor their burrows were
detected on site.
8. Areas of Significance
The Site Significance assessment, which includes a significance map for terrestrial
biodiversity on the site, was based on the findings from the ecological scan, as well as
relevant international, national and provincial planning and other biodiversity conservation
initiatives as described below.
On a National level the site does not fall into any (refer to Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2):
Protected Areas
Considerable international, regional and national legislation and guidelines promote
the protection of biodiversity. This includes the National Environmental Management:
Protected Areas Act (NEM:PAA; Act 57 of 2003), which is focussed on the
conservation management of ecologically viable areas representative of South Africas
biological diversity and its natural landscapes and seascapes. There are no Protected
areas within or surrounding the site.
Terrestrial Priority Areas & Threatened Ecosystems
Nine terrestrial Priority Areas were identified for conservation in South Africa (Driver et
al., 2004). These Priority Areas were allocated where broad-scale habitat remained
unprotected, or was inadequately conserved. Threatened Ecosystems within each
Priority Area was gazetted on 9 December 2011 in the National Environmental
Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA; Act 10 of 2004). The identified Threatened
Ecosystems occupy 9.5% of South Africa. The site does not fall within either Priority or
Threatened Ecosystems.
Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas (FEPAs)
The National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area (NFEPA) project (Driver et al., 2011)
provides strategic spatial priorities for conserving freshwater ecosystems and
supporting sustainable use of water resources in South Africa. There were no NFEPAs
located on or surrounding the site.
According to the NW:C Plan, the study area (Figure 8-3) is situated in a Category 1
Critical Biodiversity Area (CBA 1). CBAs are areas of the landscape that need to be
maintained in a natural or near-natural state to ensure the continued existence and
functioning of species and ecosystems, and the delivery of ecosystem services. If
these areas are not maintained in a natural or near-natural state, then biodiversity
conservation targets cannot be met. Maintaining an area in a natural state can include
a variety of biodiversity-compatible land uses and resource uses. Similarly to Protected
Areas, Category 1 CBAs also include natural landscapes where:
o Ecosystems and species remain fully intact and undisturbed;
o These are areas with high irreplaceabilility or low flexibility in terms of meeting
biodiversity pattern targets. If the biodiversity features targeted in these areas
are lost then targets will not be met.
o These are landscapes that are at or past their limits of acceptable change.
Identified habitat units within the study site were ranked into High, Medium-high, Medium,
Medium-low or Low classes in terms of significance. This was undertaken according to a
sensitivity-value analysis (scoring in Table 8-1) and included input based on knowledge of
the area, on the ground investigations and experience when dealing with ecological systems
and processes. A summary overview of scoring the Areas of Local Conservation
Significance is presented in Table 8-2 and illustrated in Figure 8-4.
Figure 8-1 National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas in the Study Area
Although the site is small, and relatively transformed through past agricultural practices, a
number of potential impacts could still occur. These impacts are discussed below. A
summary of these impacts with significance ratings is provided in Table 9-2.
Fragmentation of these habitats is seen as negligible due to the scale of the development.
For example, although not detected during the survey, Giant Bullfrog is highly likely to occur
within the area and therefore aestivating individuals may be unearthed during
construction/operation and dispersing frogs may enter the site during the rainy season. This
species will be prone to road kill and persecution.
An influx of pest - feral animals is expected to accompany the influx of people on site. This is
likely to have an impact on, for example, small carnivores and ground nesting birds.
Management and Mitigatory Recommendations are highlighted within Table 9-3 below. With
Mitigation measures implemented, the significance of most impacts on site from an
ecological perspective are reduced to a Low Significance as highlighted in below.
With the implementation of the mitigation measures suggested in this report, the significance
of most impacts on site from an ecological perspective are considered to be of Low
Significance. Based on the information available to date, with the brief field scan of the site,
it is NSSs opinion that there are no fatal flaws to the project and that provided the mitigation
set out is adhered to and that the developer shows commitment to the sustainable
development, NSS have no objections to the project going forward.
POTENTIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION STATUS EXTENT EXTENT DURATION DURATION INTENSITY INTENSITY REVERSIBILITY IRREPLACEABILITY PROBABILITY PROBABILITY SIGNIFICANCE CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE
RATING SCORE RATING SCORE RATING SCORE RATING RATING RATING SCORE RATING SCORE RATING SCORE
CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION
Direct loss of terrestrial vegetation and faunal habitat
Loss of Medium to Low Significance habitat due to site
clearance and continued mining of the pit. Habitats to
be lost are:
Seriphium- Melinis- Themeda Rocky Grassland (in
recovery)
Without Negative Site specific 1 Long term (>15 years) 4 Medium 4 Low reversibility Low irreplaceability Definite (>90% chance) 1 Medium 9 High 3
Fragmentation of these habitats is seen as negligible With Negative Site specific 1 Long term (>15 years) 4 Medium-low 2 Moderate reversibility Low irreplaceability Probable (25-50% chance) 0.5 Low 4 Medium 2
due to the scale of the development
Faunal Mortality and Displacement (including CI species)
DECOMMISSIONING
Continued Loss/Degradation of Habitat
Once off and then
Reduce any edge effects occurring and monitoring quarterly for EO and
affected natural remaining pockets of four years, thereafter Rehabilitation
vegetation in the area Rehabilitate the site as per the Rehabilitation Plan Implement the Rehabilitation Plan yearly Team
Creation of Artificial (suboptimal) habitat
*Ideally the pit would need to be rehabilitated. New habitat can EO, Landscape
As a small positive, the open pit may be created to increase habitat variability in the area. Create During rehabilitation of designer, Ecologist
provide a wetland habitat long term if potential new habitat during rehabilitation - depressions to * Implementation through a areas - As and when and on the ground
water collects within it allow surface water build up (perhaps 2m deep and sloped) Rehabilitation Programme required team
Proliferation of Alien Species
Weekly within the rainy
season and monthly in the
dry season for the first
To prevent the influx of alien species and three years after closure.
pest faunal speces from surrounding *Monitor the site during all phases and after closure for any new Revisit Plan after the EO and removal
regions after closure emergents and remove as necessary. Implement Alien Invasive Plan three years team
11. References
AGIS, 2014. Agricultural Geo-Referenced Information System land type data. Website:
www.agis.agric.za.
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS (DWA), 2012. Classification of Significant Water
Resources (Rivers, Wetland, Groundwater and Lakes) in the Upper, Middle and Lower
Vaal Management Area (WMA) 8, 9, 10: Management Classes of the Vaal River
Catchment Report. Report No. RDM/WMA8,9,10/00/CON/CLA/0212.
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION (DWS), 2014. A Desktop Assessment of the
Present Ecological State, Ecological Importance and Ecological Sensitivity per Sub
Quaternary Reaches for Secondary Catchments in South Africa. Secondary: C2.
Compiled by RQIS-RDM: http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/peseismodel.aspx
DRIVER A., NEL J.L., SNADDON K., MURRAY K., ROUX D.J., HILL L., SWARTZ E.R.,
MANUEL J. & FUNKE N. 2011. Implementation Manual for Freshwater Ecosystem
Priority Areas. Water Research Commission, Pretoria.
DU PREEZ, L. & CARRUTHERS, V. 2009. A Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern
Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town.
FRIEDMANN, Y. & DALY, B. 2004. Red Data Book of the Mammals of South Africa: A
Conservation Assessment. CBSG Southern Africa, Conservation Breeding Specialist
Group (SSC/IUCN), Endangered Wildlife Trust, South Africa.
FROGMAP. 2016. Website: http://vmus.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
HENNING, G.A., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & BALL, J.B. 2009. South African Red Data Book:
Butterflies. SANBI Biodiversity Series 13. South African National Biodiversity Institute,
Pretoria.
HILL, M.O. 1979. TWINSPAN. A Fortran Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an
Ordered Two-way Analysis. Cornell University, New York.
HILTON-TAYLOR, C. 1996. Red Data List of Southern African Plants. Strelitzia 4. National
Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
IUCN (INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL
RESOURCES). 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN,
Gland, Switzerland.
IUCN. 2013.1. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2013.1. Widely
recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the
conservation status of plant and animal species. Website: www.iucnredlist.org.
Accessed in 2016.
LEEMING, J. 2003. Scorpions of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
LEPIMAP. 2016. Website: http://vmus.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
MAMMALMAP. 2016. Website: http://vmus.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
MEASEY, G.J. 2011. Ensuring a Future for South Africas Frogs: A Strategy for
Conservation Research. SANBI Biodiversity Series 19. South African National
Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
MECENERO, S., BALL J.B., EDGE, D.A., HAMER, M.L., HENNING, G.A., KRUGER, M.A.,
PRINGLE, E.L., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & WILLIAMS, M.C. Conservation Assessment of
Butterflies of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: Red List and Atlas. Saftronics and
the Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town.
MINTER, L., BURGER, M., HARRISON, J.A., BRAACK, H.H., BISHOP, P.J. & KLOEPFER,
D. 2004. Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and
Swaziland. SI/MAB Series #9. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
MONADJEM, A., TAYLOR, P.J., COTTERILL, F.P.D. & SCHOEMAN, M.C. 2010. Bats of
Southern and Central Africa A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. Wits
University Press, Johannesburg.
MUELLER-DOMBOIS & ELLENBERG. 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology.
John Wiley and Sons, New York.
MUCINA, L & RUTHERFORD, M.C. (eds). 2006. The vegetation map of South Africa,
Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19, South African National Biodiversity Institute.
NEL, J.L. & DRIVER, A. 2012. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2011:
Technical Report. Volume 2: Freshwater Component. CSIR Report Number
CSIR/NRE/ECO/IR/2012/0022/A, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research,
Stellenbosch.
NEL, J.L., MURRAY, K.M., MAHERRY, A.M., PETERSON, C.P., ROUX, D.J., DRIVER,
A.L., HILL, L., VAN DEVENTER, H., FUNKE, N., SWARTZ, E.R., SMITH-ADOA, L.B.,
MBONA, N., DOWNSBOROUGH, L. & NIENABER, S. 2011. Technical Report for
Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas project. Water Research Commission. WRC
Report No. 1801/2/11.
REPTILEMAP. 2016. Website: http://vmus.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
SABAP 1 & 2 (FIRST AND SECOND SOUTHERN AFRICAN BIRD ATLAS PROJECTS).
2016. Website: http://sabap2.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
SCORPIONMAP. 2016. Website: http://vmus.adu.org.za. Accessed in 2016.
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Publishers.
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Pietermaritzburg.
Websites:
www.accuweather.com
www.weathersa.co.za
12. Appendices
ATLAS
2,4,6
1 2,4 2,4
ORDER & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 2 S.A.
5 ATLAS 3
LO
IUCN NEM:BA
MACROSCELIDEA (Elephant-shrews)
Elephantulus myurus Rock Elephant-shrew LC (S) LC - 3
EULIPOTYPHLA (Hedgehogs & shrews)
Crocidura mariquensis Swamp Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 4
Crocidura fuscomurina Tiny Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 4
Crocidura cyanea Reddish-grey Musk Shrew LC (S) DD - 2
Lesser Grey-brown Musk
3
Crocidura silacea Shrew LC (S) DD -
Crocidura hirta Lesser Red Musk Shrew LC (U) DD - 2
Atelerix frontalis Southern African Hedgehog LC (S) NT - 2
CHIROPTERA (Bats)
Rhinolophus clivosus Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat LC (U) NT - 2
Rhinolophus darlingi Darling's Horseshoe Bat LC (U) NT - 2
Tadarida aegyptiaca Egyptian Free-tailed Bat LC (U) LC - 2
Miniopterus natalensis Natal Long-fingered Bat LC (U) NT - 2
Pipistrellus rusticus Rusty Pipistrelle LC (U) LC - 2
Neoromicia capensis Cape Serotine LC (S) LC - 2
Scotophilus dinganii Yellow-bellied House Bat LC (U) LC - 2
Nycteris thebaica Egyptian Slit-faced Bat LC (U) LC - 2
LAGOMORPHA (Hares & rabbits)
Lepus capensis Cape Hare LC (D) LC - 2
Lepus saxatilis Scrub Hare LC (D) LC - 2
Lepus sp. Hare - - - 1
RODENTIA (Rodents)
Cryptomys hottentotus Common Mole-rat LC (S) LC - 1
Hystrix africaeaustralis Porcupine LC (S) LC - 1
Pedetes capensis Springhare LC (U) LC - 2
Thryonomys swinderianus Greater Cane Rat LC (U) LC - 2
Xerus inauris Cape Ground Squirrel LC (S) LC - 1 x
Mystromys albicaudatus White-tailed Rat EN (D) EN - 3
Lemniscomys rosalia Single-striped Mouse LC (S) DD - 2
Rhabdomys pumilio Striped Mouse LC (S) LC - 2
Mastomys coucha Multimammate Mouse LC (S) LC - 2
Thallomys paedulcus Tree Rat LC (U) LC - 3
Aethomys namaquensis Namaqua Rock Mouse LC (S) LC - 2
Aethomys ineptus Tete Veld Rat LC (U) LC - 2
Otomys angoniensis Angoni Vlei Rat LC (S) LC - 4
Otomys irroratus Vlei Rat LC (S) LC - 4
Tatera leucogaster Bushveld Gerbil LC (S) DD - 2
Tatera afra Cape Gerbil LC (U) LC - 3
Tatera brantsii Highveld Gerbil LC (U) LC - 1
Saccostomus campestris Pouched Mouse LC (S) LC - 2
Dendromus melanotis Grey Climbing Mouse LC (S) LC - 2
Steatomys krebsii Krebs's Fat Mouse LC (S) LC - 3
CONSERVATION STATUS
ATLAS
2,4,6
1 2,4 2,4
ORDER & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 2 S.A.
5 ATLAS 3
LO
IUCN NEM:BA
CARNIVORA (Carnivores)
Proteles cristatus Aardwolf LC (S) LC - 2
Hyaena brunnea Brown Hyaena NT (D) NT PS 3
Panthera pardus Leopard NT (D) LC PS 2
Caracal caracal Caracal LC (U) LC - 2
Felis silvestris African Wild Cat LC (D) LC - 2
Felis nigripes Black-footed Cat VU (D) LC PS 3
Genetta genetta Small-spotted Genet LC (S) LC - 2
Genetta tigrina Large-spotted Genet LC (U) LC - 2
Suricata suricatta Suricate LC (U) LC - 2
Cynictis penicillata Yellow Mongoose LC (S) LC - 1
Galerella sanguinea Slender Mongoose LC (S) LC - 2 x
Ichneumia albicauda White-tailed Mongoose LC (S) LC - 2
Atilax paludinosus Water Mongoose LC (D) LC - 2
Mungos mungo Banded Mongoose LC (S) LC - 3
Otocyon megalotis Bat-eared Fox LC (U) LC PS 2
Vulpes chama Cape Fox LC (S) LC PS 2
Canis mesomelas Black-backed Jackal LC (S) LC - 2 x
Aonyx capensis Cape Clawless Otter LC (S) LC - 4
Mellivora capensis Honey Badger LC (D) NT - 3
Poecilogale albinucha African Weasel LC (U) DD - 2
Ictonyx striatus Striped Polecat LC (S) LC - 2
TUBULIDENTATA (Aardvark)
Orycteropus afer Aardvark LC (U) LC PS 1
HYRACOIDEA (Hyraxes)
Procavia capensis Rock Hyrax LC (U) LC - 4
PERISSODACTYLA (Zebras)
Ceratotherium simum White Rhinoceros NT (I) LC PS 5
Black Rhinoceros - North-
Diceros bicornis 5
eastern Race CR (I)* VU EN
Equus zebra zebra Cape Mountain Zebra VU (U)* VU VU 5 x
Equus quagga Plains Zebra LC (S) LC PS* 5 x
SUIFORMES (Pigs & hogs)
Phacochoerus africanus Warthog LC (S) LC - 2
RUMINATA (Even-toed ungulates)
Giraffa camelopardalis Giraffe LC (D) LC - 5 x
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kudu LC (S) LC - 5 x
Tragelaphus oryx Eland LC (S) LC - 5 x
Connochaetes gnou Black Wildebeest LC (I) LC PS* 5 x
Connochaetes taurinus Blue Wildebeest LC (S) LC PS* 5 x
Alcelaphus buselaphus Red Hartebeest LC (D) LC PS* 5 x
Damaliscus pygargus
5
phillipsi Blesbok LC (S)* LC PS* x
Oryx gazella Gemsbok LC (S) LC - 5 x
Sylvicapra grimmia Common Duiker LC (S) LC - 1
Redunca arundinum Reedbuck LC (S) LC - 5 x
Antidorcas marsupialis Springbok LC (I) LC - 2 x
Raphicerus campestris Steenbok LC (S) LC - 1
Aepyceros melampus Impala LC (S) LC - 5 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
ATLAS
2,4,6
1 2,4 2,4
ORDER & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 2 S.A.
5 ATLAS 3
LO
IUCN NEM:BA
Oreotragus oreotragus Klipspringer LC (S) LC - 2
Key
Status: CR = Critically Endangered; D = Declining; DD = Data Deficient; EN = Endangered; I =
Increasing; LC = Least Concern; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected Species; S = Stable; U =
Unknown; VU = Vulnerable
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low; 5 = May occur as a
managed population
1 2 3 4
Sources: Stuart & Stuart (2007); Friedmann & Daly (2004); ToPS List (2015); Monadjem et al.
5 6
(2010); IUCN (2013.1); MammalMap (2016)
*Listed on ToPS (2015) as Protected Game
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
2. Inland water birds
White-breasted
Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant LC (I) LC - 4 x
Phalacrocorax africanus Reed Cormorant LC (D) LC - 4 x
Anhinga rufa African Darter LC (D) LC - 4
Ardea cinerea Grey Heron LC (U) LC - 2 x
Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron LC (I) LC - 2 x
Ardea goliath Goliath Heron LC (S) LC - 4
Ardea purpurea Purple Heron LC (D) LC - 3
Egretta alba Great White Egret LC (U) LC - 4 x
Egretta garzetta Little Egret LC (I) LC - 4 x
Egretta intermedia Yellow-billed Egret LC (D) LC - 3 x
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret LC (I) LC - 1 x
Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron LC (D) LC - 4
Butorides striata Green-backed Heron LC (D) LC - 4
Egretta ardesiaca Black Heron LC (S) LC - 4 x
Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern LC (D) LC - 4
Black-crowned Night-
Nycticorax nycticorax heron LC (D) LC - 4
Scopus umbretta Hamerkop LC (S) LC - 3
Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork LC (D) EN/LC - 4 x
Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork LC (D) LC (NB) - 3
Ciconia nigra Black Stork LC (U) VU/LC VU 4 x
Ciconia ciconia White Stork LC (I) LC (NB) - 3 x
Threskiornis aethiopicus African Sacred Ibis LC (D) LC - 3 x
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis LC (D) LC - 4 x
Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda Ibis LC (I) LC - 2 x
Platalea alba African Spoonbill LC (S) LC - 4 x
Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo LC (I) NT/LC - 4 x
Phoenicopterus minor Lesser Flamingo NT (D) NT/NT - 4
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Black-winged
Glareola nordmanni Pratincole NT (D) NT/NT - 4 x
Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull LC (S) LC - 4
Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern LC (S) LC (NB) - 4 x
Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern LC (S) LC - 4
3. Ducks & wading birds
Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe LC (U) LC - 4
Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe LC (D) LC - 4 x
Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose LC (I) LC - 4 x
Alopochen aegyptiacus Egyptian Goose LC (D) LC - 1 x
South African
Tadorna cana Shelduck LC (I) LC - 4 x
Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck LC (D) LC - 4 x
Anas smithii Cape Shoveler LC (I) LC - 4 x
Anas sparsa African Black Duck LC (D) LC - 4
Anas undulata Yellow-billed Duck LC (S) LC - 4 x
Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed Teal LC (D) LC - 4 x
Anas capensis Cape Teal LC (I) LC - 4 x
Anas hottentota Hottentot Teal LC (D) LC - 4 x
Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Duck LC (I) LC - 4 x
Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Duck LC (D) LC - 4
Netta erythrophthalma Southern Pochard LC (D) LC - 4 x
Oxyura maccoa Maccoa Duck NT (D) NT/NT - 4
Thalassornis leuconotus White-backed Duck LC (D) LC - 4
Rallus caerulescens African Rail LC (U) LC - 4 x
Amaurornis flavirostris Black Crake LC (U) LC - 4 x
Porphyrio African Purple
madagascariensis Swamphen LC (U) LC - 4 x
Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen LC (U) LC - 4 x
Fulica cristata Red-knobbed Coot LC (D) LC - 4 x
Actophilornis africanus African Jacana LC (S) LC - 4
Rostratula benghalensis Greater Painted-snipe LC (D) VU/LC - 4
Charadrius pecuarius Kittlitz's Plover LC (U) LC - 4 x
Charadrius tricollaris Three-banded Plover LC (U) LC - 4 x
Vanellus coronatus Crowned Lapwing LC (I) LC - 1 x
Vanellus armatus Blacksmith Lapwing LC (I) LC - 2 x
African Wattled
Vanellus senegallus Lapwing LC (S) LC - 3
Gallinago nigripennis African Snipe LC (U) LC - 4 x
Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper LC (I) LC (NB) - 4 x
Calidris minuta Little Stint LC (D) LC (NB) - 4 x
Philomachus pugnax Ruff LC (D) LC (NB) - 4 x
Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper LC (D) LC (NB) - 4 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper LC (D) LC (NB) - 4 x
Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank LC (S) LC (NB) - 4 x
Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper LC (S) LC (NB) - 4 x
Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet LC (U) LC - 4
Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt LC (I) LC - 4 x
4. Large terrestrial birds
Struthio camelus Common Ostrich LC (D) LC - 5
Sagittarius serpentarius Secretarybird VU (D) VU/VU - 3
Peliperdix coqui Coqui Francolin LC (S) LC - 3
Orange River
Scleroptila levaillantoides Francolin LC (S) LC - 2 x
Pternistis swainsonii Swainson's Spurfowl LC (S) LC - 2 x
Coturnix coturnix Common Quail LC (D) LC - 2 x
Numida meleagris Helmeted Guineafowl LC (S) LC - 2 x
Anthropoides paradiseus Blue Crane VU (S) NT/VU EN 3 x
Eupodotis senegalensis White-bellied Korhaan LC (D) VU/LC - 4
Burhinus capensis Spotted Thick-knee LC (S) LC - 2 x
Cursorius temminckii Temminck's Courser LC (S) LC - 2 x
Double-banded
Rhinoptilus africanus Courser LC (S) LC - 3 x
Northern Black
Afrotis afraoides Korhaan - LC - 1 x
5. Raptors
Gyps coprotheres Cape Vulture VU (D) EN/VU EN 3 x
Gyps africanus White-backed Vulture EN (D) EN/EN EN 3 x
Torgos tracheliotos Lappet-faced Vulture VU (D) EN/VU EN 4 x
Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon LC (S) LC VU 4
Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon LC (I) VU/LC - 4
Falco amurensis Amur Falcon LC (S) LC (NB) - 1 x
Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon NT (D) LC (NB) - 3
Falco rupicoloides Greater Kestrel LC (S) LC - 2 x
- Rock Kestrel - LC - 4 x
Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel LC (S) LC VU 2 x
Milvus migrans Black Kite LC (U) LC (NB) - 3 2
Milvus aegyptius Yellow-billed Kite - LC - 3 x
Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite LC (S) LC - 2 x
Aquila spilogaster African Hawk Eagle LC (D) LC - 4
Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle VU (D) EN/VU VU 4
Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-eagle LC (S) LC - 4
Black-chested Snake-
Circaetus pectoralis eagle LC (U) LC - 2
Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-eagle LC (S) LC - 3
Buteo vulpinus Steppe Buzzard LC (I) LC (NB) - 2 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Accipiter ovampensis Ovambo Sparrowhawk LC (I) LC - 3
Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk LC (S) LC - 3
Accipiter melanoleucus Black Sparrowhawk LC (D) LC - 3
Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk LC (S) LC - 3
Southern Pale
Melierax canorus Chanting Goshawk LC (S) LC - 3
Circus ranivorus African Marsh-harrier LC (D) EN/LC PS 4
Polyboroides typus African Harrier-hawk LC (S) LC - 3
6. Owls & nightjars
Tyto alba Barn Owl LC (S) LC - 3 x
Asio capensis Marsh Owl LC (S) LC - 3 x
Bubo africanus Spotted Eagle-owl LC (S) LC - 3 x
7. Sandgrouse, doves etc
Pterocles namaqua Namaqua Sandgrouse LC (S) LC - 2 x
Columba guinea Speckled Pigeon LC (S) LC - 1 x
Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove LC (I) LC - 2 x
Streptopelia capicola Cape Turtle Dove LC (I) LC - 2 x
Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove LC (S) LC - 1 x
Oena capensis Namaqua Dove LC (I) LC - 2 x
Corythaixoides concolor Grey Go-away-bird LC (S) LC - 3
Cuculus solitarius Red-chested Cuckoo LC (S) LC (B) - 4 x
Clamator jacobinus Jacobin Cuckoo LC (S) LC (B) - 3 x
Chrysococcyx caprius Dideric Cuckoo LC (S) LC (B) - 2 x
Columba livia Rock Dove LC (D) AL - 1 x
Centropus superciliosus White-browed Coucal LC (S) LC - 4 x
Centropus burchelli Burchell's Coucal LC (S) LC - 2 x
8. Aerial feeders, etc
Apus apus Common Swift LC (D) LC (NB) - 2
Apus barbatus African Black Swift LC (S) LC - 2
Apus caffer White-rumped Swift LC (I) LC (B) - 2 x
Apus affinis Little Swift LC (I) LC - 2 x
Cypsiurus parvus Palm Swift LC (I) LC - 4
Colius striatus Speckled Mousebird LC (I) LC - 2 x
White-backed
Colius colius Mousebird LC (I) LC - 1 x
Urocolius indicus Red-faced Mousebird LC (U) LC - 2 x
Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher LC (U) LC - 4 x
Alcedo cristata Malachite Kingfisher LC (S) LC - 4
Brown-hooded
Halcyon albiventris Kingfisher LC (S) LC - 3 x
Merops apiaster European Bee-eater LC (D) LC (B/NB) - 2 x
White-fronted Bee-
Merops bullockoides eater LC (I) LC - 3
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Merops pusillus Little Bee-eater LC (D) LC - 4
Swallow-tailed Bee-
Merops hirundineus eater LC (S) LC - 4 x
Coracias caudatus Lilac-breasted Roller LC (S) LC - 4 x
Upupa africana African Hoopoe - LC - 2 x
Phoeniculus purpureus Green Wood-hoopoe LC (D) LC - 2
Rhinopomastus
cyanomelas Common Scimitarbill LC (D) LC - 4 x
Tockus nasutus African Grey Hornbill LC (S) LC - 3 x
Lybius torquatus Black-collared Barbet LC (D) LC - 2 x
Tricholaema leucomelas Acacia Pied Barbet LC (I) LC - 2 x
Trachyphonus vaillantii Crested Barbet LC (D) LC - 2 x
Indicator indicator Greater Honeyguide LC (I) LC - 3
Indicator minor Lesser Honeyguide LC (S) LC - 3
Golden-tailed
Campethera abingoni Woodpecker LC (S) LC - 4
Dendropicos fuscescens Cardinal Woodpecker LC (S) LC - 4
Jynx ruficollis Red-throated Wryneck LC (I) LC - 2
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow LC (D) LC (NB) - 1 x
White-throated
Hirundo albigularis Swallow LC (I) LC - 2 x
Pearl-breasted
Hirundo dimidiata Swallow LC (S) LC - 3 x
Hirundo semirufa Red-breasted Swallow LC (I) LC - 2 x
Greater Striped-
Hirundo cucullata swallow LC (I) LC - 1 x
Lesser Striped-
Hirundo abyssinica swallow LC (I) LC - 3
South African Cliff-
Hirundo spilodera swallow LC (I) LC (B, N-End) - 2 x
Hirundo fuligula Rock Martin LC (S) LC - 4
Riparia paludicola Brown-throated Martin LC (D) LC - 2 x
Riparia cincta Banded Martin LC (I) LC - 1 x
9. Cryptic & elusive insect-eaters
Mirafra cheniana Melodious Lark NT (D) LC/NT - 2 x
Mirafra passerina Monotonous Lark LC (D) LC - 3 x
Mirafra africana Rufous-naped Lark LC (D) LC - 2 x
Calendulauda
africanoides Fawn-coloured Lark LC (S) LC - 3 x
Calendulauda sabota Sabota Lark LC (I) LC - 3 x
Chersomanes
albofasciata Spike-heeled Lark LC (D) LC - 1 x
Chestnut-backed
Eremopterix leucotis Sparrowlark LC (S) LC - 2 x
Grey-backed
Eremopterix verticalis Sparrowlark LC (S) LC - 3 x
Calandrella cinerea Red-capped Lark LC (I) LC - 1 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Spizocorys conirostris Pink-billed Lark LC (D) LC - 3 x
African Red-eyed
Pycnonotus nigricans Bulbul LC (I) LC - 2 x
Pycnonotus tricolor Dark-capped Bulbul - LC - 2 x
Sylvia borin Garden Warbler LC (D) LC - 3 x
Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler LC (D) LC (NB) - 3 x
Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler LC (D) LC (NB) - 2 x
Yellow-bellied
Eremomela icteropygialis Eremomela LC (S) LC - 3 x
Acrocephalus gracilirostris Lesser Swamp-warbler LC (S) LC - 4 x
Sylvietta rufescens Long-billed Crombec LC (S) LC - 2 x
Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola LC (I) LC - 2 x
Cisticola aridulus Desert Cisticola LC (I) LC - 2 x
Cisticola textrix Cloud Cisticola LC (D) LC (N-End) - 1 x
Wing-snapping
Cisticola ayresii Cisticola LC (D) LC - 1
Cisticola fulvicapilla Neddicky LC (S) LC - 2 x
Cisticola lais Wailing Cisticola LC (S) LC - 3 x
Cisticola chiniana Rattling Cisticola LC (S) LC - 4 x
Cisticola tinniens Le Vaillant's Cisticola LC (S) LC - 4 x
Prinia subflava Tawny-flanked Prinia LC (S) LC - 2 x
Prinia flavicans Black-chested Prinia LC (S) LC - 2 x
Motacilla capensis Cape Wagtail LC (S) LC - 2 x
Anthus cinnamomeus African Pipit LC (S) LC - 2 x
Anthus similis Long-billed Pipit LC (S) LC - 2 x
Anthus leucophrys Plain-backed Pipit LC (S) LC - 2 x
Anthus vaalensis Buffy Pipit LC (I) LC - 2 x
Macronyx capensis Cape Longclaw LC (S) LC - 2 x
Mirafra fasciolata Eastern Clapper Lark - LC - 1 x
Agulhas Long-billed
Certhilauda brevirostris Lark LC (S) NT/NR - 4 x
Benguela Long-billed
Certhilauda benguelensis Lark LC (S) LC - 4 x
Certhilauda curvirostris Cape Long-billed Lark LC (D) LC (End) - 4 x
Eastern Long-billed
Certhilauda semitorquata Lark LC (D) LC (N-End) - 2 x
Certhilauda subcoronata Karoo Long-billed Lark LC (S) LC - 4 x
Mirafra apiata Cape Clapper Lark LC (D) LC (N-End) - 4 x
10. Regular insect-eaters
Parus cinerascens Ashy Tit LC (S) LC - 3 x
Dicrurus adsimilis Fork-tailed Drongo LC (S) LC - 3 x
Corvus albus Pied Crow LC (S) LC - 2 x
Corvus capensis Cape Crow LC (I) LC - 2 x
Anthoscopus minutus Cape Penduline-tit LC (S) LC - 3 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Turdoides jardineii Arrow-marked Babbler LC (S) LC - 3 x
Turdus libonyanus Kurrichane Thrush LC (U) LC - 3 x
Psophocichla litsipsirupa Groundscraper Thrush LC (U) LC - 3 x
Oenanthe monticola Mountain Wheatear LC (S) LC - 3 x
Oenanthe pileata Capped Wheatear LC (S) LC (B) - 2 x
Cercomela familiaris Familiar Chat LC (S) LC - 2 x
Myrmecocichla
formicivora Anteating Chat LC (S) LC - 1 x
Saxicola torquatus African Stonechat LC (S) LC - 2 x
Cossypha caffra Cape Robin-chat LC (S) LC - 2 x
White-throated Robin-
Cossypha humeralis chat LC (S) LC - 3 x
Cercotrichas paena Kalahari Scrub-robin LC (S) LC - 2 x
White-browed Scrub-
Cercotrichas leucophrys robin LC (S) LC - 3 x
Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher LC (D) LC (NB) - 2 x
Chestnut-vented Tit-
Parisoma subcaeruleum babbler - LC - 2 x
Bradornis mariquensis Marico Flycatcher LC (S) LC - 3
Sigelus silens Fiscal Flycatcher LC (S) LC (N-End) - 2 x
Batis molitor Chinspot Batis LC (S) LC - 2 x
Stenostira scita Fairy Flycatcher LC (S) LC (N-End) - 3 x
African Paradise-
Terpsiphone viridis flycatcher LC (S) LC - 3 x
Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike LC (D) LC (NB) - 2 x
Lanius collaris Common Fiscal LC (I) LC - 2 x
Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike LC (D) LC (NB) - 1 x
Laniarius ferrugineus Southern Boubou LC (S) LC - 3 x
Crimson-breasted
Laniarius atrococcineus Shrike LC (I) LC - 3 x
Dryoscopus cubla Black-backed Puffback LC (D) LC - 3 x
Brown-crowned
Tchagra australis Tchagra LC (S) LC - 2 x
Black-crowned
Tchagra senegalus Tchagra LC (S) LC - 3 x
Telophorus zeylonus Bokmakierie LC (S) LC - 2 x
Nilaus afer Brubru LC (S) LC - 2 x
Acridotheres tristis Common Myna LC (I) AL - 1
Creatophora cinerea Wattled Starling LC (S) LC - 2 x
Lamprotornis nitens Cape Glossy Starling LC (S) LC - 1 x
Onychognathus morio Red-winged Starling LC (I) LC - 3
Spreo bicolor Pied Starling LC (S) LC (N-End) - 1 x
Turdus smithi Karoo Thrush - LC (N-End) - 2 x
Turdus olivaceus Olive Thrush LC (U) LC - 4 x
11. Oxpeckers & nectar feeders
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Nectarinia famosa Malachite Sunbird LC (S) LC - 4 x
Cinnyris talatala White-bellied Sunbird LC (S) LC - 3 x
Chalcomitra amethystina Amethyst Sunbird LC (S) LC - 3 x
Orange River White-
Zosterops pallidus eye LC (U) LC - 3 x
Zosterops capensis Cape White-eye - LC (N-End) - 2 x
12. Seed-eaters
White-browed
Plocepasser mahali Sparrow-weaver LC (S) LC - 1 x
Passer domesticus House Sparrow LC (D) AL - 2 x
Passer motitensis Great Sparrow LC (S) LC - 3
Passer melanurus Cape Sparrow LC (S) LC - 1 x
Yellow-throated
Petronia superciliaris Petronia LC (S) LC - 3 x
Sporopipes squamifrons Scaly-feathered Finch LC (S) LC - 1 x
Ploceus capensis Cape Weaver LC (S) LC (N-End) - 3 x
Southern Masked-
Ploceus velatus weaver LC (S) LC - 1 x
Quelea quelea Red-billed Quelea LC (S) LC - 1 x
Euplectes orix Southern Red Bishop LC (S) LC - 2 x
Yellow-crowned
Euplectes afer Bishop LC (S) LC - 1 x
Red-collared
Euplectes ardens Widowbird LC (S) LC - 3 x
White-winged
Euplectes albonotatus Widowbird LC (S) LC - 3 x
Euplectes progne Long-tailed Widowbird LC (S) LC - 2 x
Amadina erythrocephala Red-headed Finch LC (S) LC - 1 x
Pytilia melba Green-winged Pytilia LC (S) LC - 3 x
Lagonosticta rhodopareia Jameson's Firefinch LC (S) LC - 3 x
Lagonosticta senegala Red-billed Firefinch LC (S) LC - 3 x
Orange-breasted
Amandava subflava Waxbill LC (S) LC - 2 x
Uraeginthus angolensis Blue Waxbill LC (S) LC - 3 x
Granatina granatina Violet-eared Waxbill LC (S) LC - 4 x
Estrilda erythronotos Black-faced Waxbill LC (S) LC - 4 x
Estrilda astrild Common Waxbill LC (S) LC - 2 x
Ortygospiza atricollis African Quailfinch LC (S) LC - 1 x
Vidua macroura Pin-tailed Whydah LC (S) LC - 2 x
Vidua regia Shaft-tailed Whydah LC (S) LC - 3 x
Vidua funerea Dusky Indigobird LC (S) LC - 3
Vidua chalybeata Village Indigobird LC (S) LC - 3
Long-tailed Paradise-
Vidua paradisaea whydah LC (S) LC - 2 x
Serinus mozambicus Yellow-fronted Canary LC (D) LC - 3 x
Serinus atrogularis Black-throated Canary LC (S) LC - 1 x
CONSERVATION STATUS
5
1
ATLAS
CATEGORY & 4
3 COMMON NAME GLOBAL ATLAS S.A.
SPECIES
4
3 5 2
LO
IUCN (REG/GLOB) NEM:BA
Serinus flaviventris Yellow Canary LC (S) LC - 2 x
Emberiza impetuani Lark-like Bunting LC (S) LC - 3 x
Cinnamon-breasted
Emberiza tahapisi Bunting LC (S) LC - 3 x
Emberiza capensis Cape Bunting LC (S) LC - 3 x
Golden-breasted
Emberiza flaviventris Bunting LC (S) LC - 3 x
Southern Greyheaded
Passer diffusus Sparrow LC (S) LC - 1 x
Northern Grey-headed
Passer griseus Sparrow LC (S) LC - 3 x
Key
Status: D = Declining; EN = Endangered; I = Increasing; LC = Least Concern; NB = Non-breeding; NR =
Not Recognised by Birdlife International; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected Species; S = Stable; U
= Unknown population trend; VU = Vulnerable
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low; 5 = Managed
populations
1 2 3 4 5
Sources: Newman (2002); ToPS List (2016); IUCN (2013.1); SABAP (2016); Taylor (2015)
4
ATLAS
1 1
SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 1 S.A.
3 ATLAS 2
4
IUCN NEM:BA
LO
PELOMEDUSIDAE (Terrapins)
Pelomedusa subrufa Marsh Terrapin - 2LC - 4
TESTUDINIDAE (Tortoises)
Psammobates oculifer Serrated Tent Tortoise - 1LC - 4
Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise - 1LC - 2
GEKKONIDAE (Geckos)
Lygodactylus capensis
capensis Common Dwarf Gecko - 1LC - 2
Pachydactylus capensis Cape Gecko - 2LC - 1
AMPHISBAENIDAE (Worm lizards)
Monopeltis capensis Cape Worm Lizard - 1LC - 4
LACERTIDAE (Typical lizards)
Holubs Sandveld
Nucras holubi Lizard - 2LC - 1
Pedioplanis lineoocellata
lineoocellata Spotted Sand Lizard - 2LC - 3
CORDYLIDAE (Girdled lizards & relatives)
Common Girdled
Cordylus vittifer Lizard - 1LC - 2 x
GERRHOSAURIDAE (Plated lizards & relatives)
Yellow-throated Plated
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Lizard - 2LC - 1
SCINCIDAE (Skinks)
Thin-tailed Legless 1LC
Acontias gracilicauda Skink LC (U) (END) - 2
CONSERVATION STATUS
4
ATLAS
1 1
SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 1 S.A.
3 ATLAS 2
4
IUCN NEM:BA
LO
Wahlberg's Snake-
Afroablepharus wahlbergii eyed Skink - 2LC - 1
Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink - 2LC - 2
Trachylepis punctatissima Speckled Rock Skink LC (S) 2LC - 2 x
Trachylepis punctulata Speckled Sand Skink - 2LC - 3
Trachylepis varia Variable Skink - 2LC - 1 x
VARANIDAE (Monitors)
Varanus albigularis albigularis Southern Rock Monitor - 2LC - 4
Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor - 2LC - 2
CHAMAELEONIDAE (Chamaeleons)
Common Flap-neck
Chamaeleo dilepis Chameleon LC (S)* 2LC - 4
AGAMIDAE (Agamas)
Eastern Ground 1LC
Agama aculeata distanti Agama - (END) - 2
Agama atra Southern Rock Agama - 1LC - 2
TYPHLOPIDAE (Blind snakes)
Afrotyphlops bibronii Bibrons Blind Snake - 1LC - 2
Delalande's Beaked
Rhinotyphlops lalandei Blind Snake - 2LC - 2
LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE (Thread snakes)
Leptotyphlops scutifrons Peters Thread Snake - 1LC - 2
LAMPROPHIIDAE (Advanced snakes)
Black-headed
Aparallactus capensis Centipede-eater LC (S) 2LC - 2
Common House
Boaedon capensis Snake - 2LC - 2
1LC
Lamprophis aurora Aurora Snake LC (D) (END) - 2
Lycodonomorphus rufulus Brown Water Snake - 1LC - 4
Lycophidion capense capense Cape Wolf Snake - 2LC - 2
Short-snouted Grass
Psammophis brevirostris Snake - 1LC - 3
Fork-marked Sand
Psammophis trinasalis Snake - 2LC - 3 x
Psammophylax rhombeatus
rhombeatus Spotted Grass Snake - 2LC - 4
Psammophylax tritaeniatus Striped Grass Snake LC (S) 2LC - 2
Pseudaspis cana Mole Snake - 2LC - 2
ELAPIDAE (Cobras & relatives)
Hemachatus haemachatus Rinkhals LC (S) 1LC - 2
Naja nivea Cape Cobra - 2LC - 3
COLUBRIDAE (Typical snakes)
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Red-lipped Snake - 2LC - 2
Dasypeltis scabra Rhombic Egg-eater LC (U) 2LC - 2 x
Key
Status: D = Declining; End = Endemic; LC = Least Concern; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected
Species; U = Unknown; VU = Vulnerable; 1 = Global; 2 = Regional
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low; 5 = May occur as a
managed population
CONSERVATION STATUS
4
ATLAS
1 1
SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 1 S.A.
3 ATLAS 2
4
IUCN NEM:BA
LO
1 2 3 4
Sources: Bates et al. (2014); ToPS List (2015); IUCN (2013.1); ReptileMap (2016)
3,5
ATLAS
1,4 4 3
FAMILY & SPECIES COMMON NAME GLOBAL 3 S.A.
3,5
4,6 ATLAS 2
IUCN NEM:BA
LO
BREVICIPITIDAE (Rain frogs)
Breviceps adspersus pentheri Bushveld Rain Frog LC (U)* LC - 2
BUFONIDAE (True toads)
Amietophrynus garmani Eastern Olive Toad LC (U) LC - 2 x
Amietophrynus gutturalis Guttural Toad LC (I) LC - 2 x
Schismaderma carens Red Toad LC (U) LC - 2 x
HYPEROLIIDAE (Leaf-folding & reed frogs)
Kassina senegalensis Bubbling Kassina LC (U) LC - 4 x
PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE (Puddle frogs)
Phrynobatrachus natalensis Snoring Puddle Frog LC (S) LC - 2
PIPIDAE (Platannas (African clawed frogs))
Xenopus laevis Common Platanna LC (I) LC - 4
PYXICEPHALIDAE (River, stream, moss & sand frogs)
Cacosternum boettgeri Boettgers Caco LC (U) LC - 2 x
Amietia angolensis Common River Frog LC (S) LC - 4 x
Amietia fuscigula Cape River Frog LC (S) LC - 4
Pyxicephalus adspersus Giant Bullfrog LC (D) NT PS* 3
Strongylopus fasciatus Striped Stream Frog LC (U) LC - 4
Tomopterna cryptotis Tremolo Sand Frog LC (S) LC - 2 x
Tomopterna natalensis Natal Sand Frog LC (U) LC - 3
Key
Status: LC = Least Concern; I = Increasing; NT = Near Threatened; PS = Protected Species; S = Stable; U =
Unknown
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low; a = November site visit; b =
December site vist; c = both site visits
1 2 3 4 5
Sources: ToPS List (2007); IUCN (2013.1); Minter et al. (2004); Du Preez & Carruthers (2009); FrogMap (2015);
6
BEC (2006)
*Old ToPS (2007) status, awaits inclusion into new ToPS (2015)
1 1 1 1,2 2
FAMILY & SPECIES COMMON NAME STATUS LO ATLAS
PIERIDAE
Belenois aurota Brown-veined white 1LC 1
Catopsilia florella African migrant 1LC 1
Colias electo electo African clouded yellow 1LC 2
Colotis evagore antigone Small orange tip 1LC 3
Colotis evenina evenina Orange tip 1LC 3
Eurema brigitta brigitta Broad-bordered grass yellow 1LC 1
Pinacopteryx eriphia eriphia Zebra white 1LC 4
Pontia helice helice Common meadow white 1LC 2 x
NYMPHALIDAE
Acraea horta Garden acraea 1LC 3
Acraea lygus Lygus acraea 1LC 4
Acraea neobule neobule Wandering donkey acraea 1LC 2
Byblia ilithyia Spotted joker 1LC 2
Danaus chrysippus orientis African monarch 1LC 1
Hamanumida daedalus Guinea-fowl butterfly 1LC 3
Hypolimnas misippus Common diadem 1LC 2
Junonia hierta cebrene Yellow pansy 1LC 2
Junonia oenone oenone Blue pansy 1LC 3
Junonia orithya madagascariensis Eyed pansy 1LC 1
Phalanta phalantha aethiopica African Leopard 1LC 2
Precis archesia archesia Garden commodore 1LC 3
Telchinia rahira rahira Marsh acraea 1LC 2
Telchinia serena Dancing acraea 1LC 2
Vanessa cardui Painted lady 1LC 2
LYCAENIDAE
Actizera lucida Rayed blue 1LC 3
Aloeides aranda Aranda copper 1LC 3
Aloeides molomo molomo Molomo copper 1LC 2
Anthene amarah amarah Black striped hairtail 1LC 2
Anthene definita definita Common hairtail 1LC 3
Azanus jesous Topaz babul blue 1LC 2
Azanus moriqua Thorn-tree babul blue 1LC 2
Azanus ubaldus Velvet-spotted babul blue 1LC 2
Chilades trochylus Grass jewel 1LC 2
Cigaritis mozambica Mozambique bar 1LC 3
Cigaritis natalensis Natal bar 1LC 3
Crudaria leroma Silver spotted grey 1LC 3
Cupidopsis jobates jobates Tailed meadow blue 1LC 2
Eicochrysops messapus
mahallakoaena Cupreous blue 1LC 2
Lampides boeticus Pea blue 1LC 2
Lepidochrysops glauca Silvery blue 1LC 2
Lepidochrysops ignota Zulu blue 1LC 2
Lepidochrysops letsea Free State blue 1LC 3
Lepidochrysops patricia Patricia blue 1LC 2
Lepidochrysops plebeia plebeia Twin-spot blue 1LC 3
1LC
Lepidochrysops procera Potchefstroom blue (RHS) 3
Lycaena clarki Eastern sorrel copper 1LC 3
Tarucus sybaris sybaris Dotted blue 1LC 1
1 1 1 1,2 2
FAMILY & SPECIES COMMON NAME STATUS LO ATLAS
Thestor basutus capeneri Basuto skolly 1LC 2
Tuxentius melaena melaena Black pie 1LC 2
Virachola antalus Brown playboy 1LC 3
Zizeeria knysna knysna Sooty blue 1LC 2
Zizula hylax Gaika blue 1LC 2
Key
Status: LC = Least Concern; RHS = Rare Habitat Specialist; 1 = Global
Likelihood of Occurrence (LoO): 1 = Present; 2 = High; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Low
1 2
Sources: Mecenero et al. (2013); LepiMap (2016)
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
KEY QUALIFICATIONS
Specialist Assessments:
Over 14 years performing ecological and vegetation surveys within Southern Africa.
Expertises are strong in the Savanna and Grasslands within Gauteng, North West, Limpopo,
Mpumalanga, KwaZulu Natal, Lesotho and Botswana. Further experience within the Karoid
Shrub, Kalahari and Fynbos Areas.
GIS Mapping, Database management, GIS Modelling undertaken within specialist projects
Co-ordinated and managed strategic spatial planning projects in Gauteng, North West
Conference Presentations:
Educational Training:
Education training for organisations such as Wits University and Induction Training in
Biodiversity Conservation for Mining Operations
EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
PAPERS PUBLISHED
PAPERS PRESENTED
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: TYRON KEN CLARK
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
KEY EXPERIENCE
Specialist Assessments:
Five years specialist consulting experience on over 70 projects in six countries (South Africa,
Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Sao-tome & Principe and Sierra Leone) and all provinces
in RSA conducting and / or managing the following:
Faunal assessments.
Wetland assessments.
Landscape Function Analysis.
Floral assessments (assisting).
Aquatic biomonitoring (assisting) and water sampling.
Public participation meetings.
Green Star ratings, Green Building Council.
Biodiversity management and action plans.
Impact assessments.
Research
The potential application of ground-penetrating radar for faunal research in South Africa
(current)
Climatic niche modelling; investigating the susceptibility of South Africa to invasion by
exotic reptiles using Maxent (2014).
Geographic Information Systems, ArcGIS and Diva GIS (2014).
Statistical analysis, R statistical computing program (2013).
Time-activity budgets of Rock Hyrax (2010).
Vegetation sampling, analysis and classification (2009-2010).
Preparation of samples for DNA sequencing and analysis (2009).
Amphibian acoustic recordings and analysis (2009).
Environmental Tutoring:
Four years at Happy Acres environmental centre actively educating youth on biological topics
in a practical setting.
Courses Completed:
2015: Wetland Management: Introduction and Delineation (University of the Free State)
2013: First aid Level 1 and 2 (Wilcare Safety Solutions)
2013: Off Road Driving (Proactive Driving for Sasol Botswana)
2010: Snake identification course (African Reptiles and Venom)
2010: Venomous snake handling course (African Reptiles and Venom)
2010: Snakebite treatment and IV course (African Reptiles and Venom)
EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
Teaching school groups about the environment with emphasis on biology in a practical setting.
Guiding horse trails around the Magaliesberg area, part time (ongoing).
RVS enterprises invoicing and sales, for DOMESTI hardware fixtures 2004-2005
Invoicing
Orders
Sales
Admin
MEMBERSHIPS
We, Dylan Blake and David Colquhoun McGibbon (both of Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd), as the appointed
independent hydrogeological specialists, in terms of the National Environmental Management Act
(NEMA) (No. 107 of 1998) 2014 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (No. R. 982),
hereby declare that we:
Dear Ms Stroebel
INTRODUCTION
Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd was commissioned by Ms Kelly Stroebel of the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) Environmental Management Services (EMS) in Stellenbosch to undertake a
hydrogeological specialist study for a basic assessment of the proposed small scale diamond mining by
Mosotetsi (Pty) Ltd near Ga-Motlatla, located ~35 km east of Lichtenburg in the North West Province.
The study aims to determine the geological and hydrogeological setting of the area as well as any
potential contamination impacts posed by the proposed small scale diamond mining activities, and
possible mitigation thereof. Umvoto Africa proposed the following:
A preliminary desktop study was undertaken comprising of:
1. Analysis of available 1:50 000 topographical, climate, drainage/surface water, land use and digital
elevation model (DEM) data in order to describe the hydroclimatological and physical setting of
the site;
2. Analysis of the 1:250 000 West Rand 2626 geological maps, 1:500 000 Johannesburg 2526
hydrogeological map, available DEMs, Google Earth/satellite imagery and any existing
geological/hydrogeological/EIA/geotechnical/consulting reports of the surrounding area, to
determine the geological and hydrogeological setting of the site;
3. Analysis of available Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) datasets, namely the National
Groundwater Archive (NGA), Water Management System (WMS) and Water Authorisation and
Registration Management System (WARMS). The data from these records assisted in the
planning of a basic field hydrocensus, and provided an idea of the hydrogeological conditions in
the vicinity of the site.
4. Analysis of potential contaminants arising from small scale mining at the site, and the identification
of potential risk to pollution receptors (i.e. contaminant source);
5. Identification of potential pollution receptors (groundwater users, groundwater bodies,
environmentally sensitive areas) (i.e. potential receptors).
A day and a half long site investigation was proposed to verify information collated during the desktop
groundwater assessment, and involved:
1. Identification of receptors, including boreholes, groundwater discharge points (e.g. springs and
seeps) and connectivity of site to any surface water sources e.g. rivers or wetlands (i.e. potential
groundwater-surface water interaction);
2. Basic hydrocensus: groundwater point type (borehole, spring, seep etc.) data (within similar
geological and hydrogeological conditions ~1-2 km from the proposed mining site), such as the
XYZ co-ordinates of the point, hydrochemistry (electrical conductivity, pH and temperature), and
water levels, yields, pumping rates etc. (for boreholes, if available) will be collected;
3. Hydrogeological and contamination potential reconnaissance determining site-specific
parameters.
Assumptions include that there are no unidentified aquifers present, with all analysis based on available
data, information and specialist knowledge. Limitations to the specialist study include that no invasive
in-situ site investigations (i.e. trial pitting, drilling, testing, detailed hydrochemical sampling,
hydrogeological modelling etc.) were undertaken, and that no mine works programme is currently
available (indicating the exact mining methodology to be used on site, potential equipment and materials
to be used, infrastructure layout, areas and depth to be excavated, and the exact amount and quality of
water required for any mining processes). The above findings are presented in this specialist report,
along with recommended mitigation measures for any potential impacts related to mining activities.
LOCALITY
The proposed Mosotetsi small scale diamond mining operation is located on 1.5 hectares (ha) of the
50 ha Kwaggaslaagte 1/121 farm located near Ga-Motlatla, ~35 km east of Lichtenburg (Ditsobotla Local
Municipality [LM], Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality [DM], North West) (see Figure 1 and Figure
2). The topography of the proposed 1.5 ha Mosotetsi mine is flat, with elevations ranging between
~1523-1524 meters above mean sea level (mamsl) (see Figure 3).
The proposed Mosotetsi mine falls within the northeastern corner of the C24F quaternary catchment, of
the Vaal Water Management Area (WMA). The main river within the C24F quaternary catchment is the
Taaibosspruit River (flowing southeastwards into the Skoonspruit River, which in turn flows southwards
into the Vaal River), although the headwaters of the Skoonspruit River are ~20 km southwest of the
proposed mining area. Ga-Motlatla, situated ~2 km east of the proposed mine, forms part of the Grootpan
Water Supply Scheme in terms of water supply management, and relies solely on groundwater for its
supply of water (Department of Water Affairs [DWA], 2010a).
The proposed Mosotetsi mine is situated in a semi-arid area, with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of
~550-600 mm/annum (falling mostly during mid-summer) (see Table 1). The average midday
temperatures range between 18C in June (winter) to 30C in January (summer), with a mean annual
evaporation (MAE) of ~1750-1850 mm/a (see Table 1). The area was first inhabited during a diamond
rush in 1926, but is now dominated by the production of maize, cattle and cement. Alluvial diamonds are
still mined in the area from the proposed mine towards Ventersdorp.
Table 1 Summarised GRDM 2010 and WR2005 values for the C24C (eastern neighbouring quaternary
catchment) and C24F (highlighted blue, within which the proposed Mosotetsi mine occurs)
quaternary catchments within the Vaal WMA.
Current Exploitation
Quaternary Total Area MAP MAE Recharge
Groundwater Potential
Catchment (km2) (mm/a) (mm/a) (mm/a) 3
Use (hm /a) (hm3/a)
C24C 1350 587 1750 39.09 14.87 22
C24F 2020 577 1830 26.95 1.30 34
2
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Figure 1 The proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine (represented by the yellow circle) on Kwaggaslaagte
1/121 (red polygon), situated near the catchment boundary/watershed of the C24C and C24F
quaternary catchments (Ditsobotla LM, North West).
Figure 2 Locality of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine (represented by the yellow polygon) on
Kwaggaslaagte 1/121 (red polygon), near the village of Ga-Motlatla.
3
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
a)
b)
Figure 3 a) Flat topography of Kwaggaslaagte 1/121 (looking westwards) where the proposed
Mosotetsi mine is situated; b) Previous alluvial diamond mine diggings on the proposed
Mosotetsi mine concession, looking southeastwards towards Ga-Motlatla in the distance.
GEOLOGY
The Chuniespoort Group (situated within the Transvaal Basin of the Transvaal Supergroup), and
specifically the Neoarchaean (~2600-2500 million years old [Ma]) dolomites of the Malmani Subgroup,
dominates the region surrounding the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine. The chert-rich dolomites (i.e.
magnesium-rich calcium carbonate rock) of the Monte Christo Formation, which falls within the Malmani
Subgroup, underlie the proposed mine (see Figure 4) and dip shallowly (<10) to the north.
The depositional environment of the Malmani Subgroup is interpreted to have been a stable shallow
marine platform and basin e.g. something akin to the present day Great Barrier Reef, and has been
subdivided into the following formations (oldest to youngest) (see Table 2): Oaktree, Monte Christo,
Lyttelton, Eccles and Frisco Formations (see Button [1976] and Eriksson and Truswell [1974] for more
detailed descriptions of the various formations).
4
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
The ~10-200 m thick Oaktree Formation, which occurs 10 km SSE of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond
mine, forms the base of the Malmani Subgroup and consists of carbonaceous shales, stromatolitic
dolomites and locally developed quartzites (Button [1976] and Eriksson and Truswell [1974]). The Monte
Christo Formation (which underlies the proposed mine as well as the immediate area within a ~10 km
radius of the mine) is ~300-500 m thick and consists of chert-rich dolomite and oolitic (Button [1976] and
Eriksson and Truswell [1974]).
The remaining Malmani Subgroup formations that overlie the Monte Christo Formation occur east and
north of the proposed mine. The Lyttelton Formation immediately overlies the Monte Christo Formation
~1.5 km north of the proposed mine, consists of 100-200 m of shales, quartzites and stromatolitic
dolomites (Button [1976] and Eriksson and Truswell [1974]), and is rich in iron and manganese (Taylor
1983). This is overlain by the 600 m thick cherty dolomites of the Eccles Formation (Button [1976] and
Eriksson and Truswell [1974]). The Frisco Formation forms the top of the Malmani Subgroup and consists
of 400 m of stromatolitic dolomites (Button [1976] and Eriksson and Truswell [1974]).
Figure 4 Geology (from the 2626 West Rand 1:250 000 geological map) of the area underlying and
surrounding the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine (red icon indicates the location of the
proposed mine). The teal (including dotted and white dashed) area represents the dolomitic
Monte Christo Formation (Vmm), the blue dotted area represents the dolomitic Lyttelton
Formation (Vml), the light blue area represents the dolomitic Eccles Formation (Vme), and
the light yellow and yellow areas represent overlying Quaternary (sometimes
diamondiferous) gravels (Qg) and surface sediment (Qs) respectively. Red Da and Cs
symbols represent alluvial diamond and brick clay mines within the Monte Christo
Formation and overlying Quaternary sediment respectively.
5
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Table 2 Stratigraphy of units in the vicinity of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine (with the blue
highlighted Monte Christo Formation, which underlies the proposed mine).
Map
Supergroup Group Subgroup Formation
Symbol
undifferentiated
- - - Quaternary gravels and Qg / Qs
surface sediment
Frisco Vmf
Eccles Vme
Transvaal Chuniespoort Malmani Lyttelton Vml
Monte Christo Vmm
Oaktree Vmo
Quaternary (~2.5 Ma to Recent) surface sediment, soil and sometimes diamondiferous (i.e. diamond-
bearing) alluvial (river-sourced) gravels overlie the Malmani Subgroup in the vicinity of the proposed
mine. In the Lichtenburg and Ventersdorp area diamondiferous alluvial gravels were deposited on the
irregular bedrock of the Malmani Subgroup dolomites (and specifically Lyttelton and Monte Christo
Formations) (see Wilson et al. [2006] and Marshall and Norton [2009] for a detailed overview of
diamondiferous gravel deposits and the sources of theses alluvial diamonds in the Lichtenburg and
Ventersdorp region). Over time karstification (i.e. dissolution of carbonate material by surface and/or
groundwater) has resulted in sinkholes forming within the dolomites, which in turn have been filled with
(sometimes diamondiferous) alluvial gravels when surface water transporting alluvial diamonds drained
over the sinkholes in the past these are known as potholes or runs (see Figure 5), with some
extending as deep as 70 meters below ground level (mbgl; e.g. the deep freshwater diving spot
Wondergat, ~40 km northwest of the proposed mine). These diamondiferous potholes can often form
positive topographic expressions because of the hard overlying gravels protecting the underlying strata
from being eroded, whilst the rest of the dolomitic material is denuded/eroded.
Figure 5 Old alluvial diamond diggings in the proposed Mosotetsi mine area. The alluvial gravels
overly the Monte Christo Formation dolomite, which was most likely deposited in a pothole
(or other karst dissolution feature) within the dolomites.
6
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
HYDROGEOLOGY
Dolomitic Karst Aquifers
Dolomite is a magnesium-rich calcium carbonate rock that can dissolve in the presence of water
combined with carbon dioxide (i.e. carbonic acid, H2CO3), which generally happens naturally as part of
weathering processes (DWA, 2009). This dissolution weathering can result in subsurface solution
cavities/cave systems and surface sinkholes/dolines forming, with the resulting dissolution landscape
being known as karst terrain (DWA, 2009). Any local or regional fault or fracture systems can further
enhance dissolution and karst development. These subsurface dissolution systems form excellent
secondary porosity features along which strong flowing groundwater can occur, often forming high-
yielding karst aquifer systems (provided sufficient recharge is present). The Malmani Subgroup in the
vicinity of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine forms such a fractured dolomitic karst aquifer, with
potential yields of ~5-20 litres/second (l/s) or ~0.15-0.5 million cubic metres per annum (hm3/a) per
borehole, which is significantly higher than most other rock formations (see Figure 6). Wetlands, pans,
springs, sinkholes and a lack of surface drainage may also be indicative of subsurface groundwater
bearing solution cavities (Taylor, 1983). Subsidence above major water conduits results in the
accumulation of chert breccia rubble covered by red soil, which is characteristically found adjacent to
ENE-WSW trending dykes in the Lichtenburg area (Taylor, 1983). Generally the dolomite karst aquifers
are unconfined to semi-confined, with compartmentalisation by dolerite dykes occurring (although no
known dykes are observed in the vicinity of the mine).
Figure 6 Hydrogeology (from the 2526 Johannesburg 1:500 000 hydrogeological map) of the area
underlying and surrounding the proposed Mosotetsi mine. According to the map, the
proposed mine is situated on aquifer c5 (green squares), which is classified as a
carbonate karst aquifer with median borehole yields of >5 l/s. Pink dots represent springs
with yields of >5 l/s (~40 km southeast of the proposed mine), whereas yellow and blue
triangles represent groundwater quality and level monitoring points respectively. Red
circles southeast of the proposed mine represent groundwater abstraction of >10 hm3/a for
irrigation and 2-5 hm3/a for domestic supply respectively.
7
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Due to partial dissolution of the dolomitic rock material, dolomite aquifers commonly experience surface
geotechnical problems such as sinkhole/doline formation, representing a local safety risk. Sinkhole
development can occur naturally along dykes, rivers, fractures/fault zones and above subsurface
dissolution cavities, but also can be caused by unmanaged and uncontrolled abstraction and/or
dewatering of dolomite aquifers (more than 5-10 m of drawdown), as well as the uncontrolled flow of acid
mine drainage (DWAF [2006a] and Howard et al. [2002]). It is recommended that the Guideline for the
Assessment, Planning and Management of Groundwater Resources within Dolomitic Areas in South
Africa (DWAF, 2006a) is closely followed during the establishment and mining of the site, along with
other documents referred to in DWA (2009).
Groundwater Quality
Groundwater quality is relatively good within the North West, with 60% of groundwater samples falling
within drinking water limits (Howard et al., 2002). On a regional 1:500 000 hydrogeological scale the
karst aquifers in the vicinity of the proposed mine have electrical conductivities (ECs) of
~0-70 milliSiemens per metre (mS/m), which is well below the SANS 241:2015 drinking water quality EC
limit of 170 mS/m. It is noted however that groundwater in the province is prone to salinization through
irrigation due to the semi-arid climatic conditions, relatively low rainfall and high evapotranspiration
(Howard et al., 2002). The geological and hydrogeological features responsible for dolomites being such
good aquifers (as described above, namely unconfined to semi-confined in nature, and surface to depth
8
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
dissolution features with high transmissivities and yields) also results in them being highly vulnerable to
anthropogenic contamination.
Groundwater quality in the Monte Christo Formation dolomites in the area surrounding the proposed mine
is good but hard (i.e. elevated alkalinity, calcium and magnesium concentrations, which is expected from
dolomitic aquifers). DWS WMS groundwater samples within ~5 km of the proposed mine (see Figure 10
and Figure 11) were compared to the SANS 241:2015 drinking water quality limits (see Table 5), with
groundwater being generally suitable for potable and industrial use. No WMS trace metal analyses or
data were available for boreholes within ~5 km of the proposed mine.
Table 3 DWS NGA borehole data within a ~5 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine.
Field BH BH Rest Water
Quaternary Discharge EC RWL
BH ID Latitude Longitude Farm Name Q (l/s) Chemistry Depth Diameter Level (RWL)
Catchment (Q) Date (mS/m) (mbgl)
Date (mbgl) (mm) Date
2626BA00090 -26.06719 26.56632 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F 5-Feb-10 2.63 - - 44.8 152 5-Feb-10 34.14
2626BA00091 -26.06720 26.56632 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F 23-Mar-10 2.63 - - 44.2 203 23-Mar-10 35.36
2626BA00092 -26.06719 26.56633 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F 1-Apr-39 1.51 - - 43.28 152 1-Apr-39 36.58
2626BA00176 -26.08891 26.57243 GA-MOTLATLA VILLAGE C24F 26-Mar-95 0.73 - - 74.2 203 11-Mar-95 36.56
2626BA00178 -26.07318 26.56769 GA-MOTLATLA VILLAGE C24F 29-Mar-95 2 - - 6.5 152 - -
2626BA00179 -26.07734 26.57259 GA-MOTLATLA VILLAGE C24F 30-Mar-95 9.8 - - 6.5 219 - -
2626BA00181 -26.08890 26.57242 GA-MOTLATLA VILLAGE C24F - - - - 43 152 - -
2626BA00184 -26.03791 26.53693 CORSENDAE C24F - - - - 42 152 - -
2626BA00190 -26.10185 26.53515 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 30 152 - -
2626BA00201 -26.11124 26.51740 GOEDVOORUITZIGHT C24F - - - - 30 152 - -
2626BA00202 -26.11130 26.51762 GOEDVOORUITZIGHT C24F - - - - 30 152 - -
2626BA00203 -26.08946 26.57268 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F - - - - 30 152 - -
2626BA00219 -26.11095 26.51574 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - - - - -
2626BA00263 -26.08913 26.57270 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F - - 25-Mar-87 49.5 - - - -
2626BA00265 -26.07302 26.56881 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F - - 25-Mar-87 54 44 152 - -
2626BA00267 -26.07302 26.56881 KWAGGASLAAGTE C24F - - 25-Mar-87 52.1 44 152 25-Mar-87 31.8
2626BA00328 -26.05468 26.59548 ZWARTRAND C24C - - - - 24.38 152 26-Mar-87 29.32
2626BA00329 -26.06052 26.60187 ZWARTRAND C24C 26-Mar-87 5 - - 91.44 152 - -
2626BA00330 -26.06052 26.60576 ZWARTRAND C24C 26-Mar-87 25 26-Mar-87 44.1 42.67 152 - -
2626BA00331 -26.06163 26.60548 ZWARTRAND C24C 26-Mar-87 25 - - 45.12 152 - -
2626BA00332 -26.06052 26.60659 ZWARTRAND C24C 26-Mar-87 25 - - 45.72 152 26-Mar-87 25.51
2626BA00333 -26.06218 26.60630 ZWARTRAND C24C 26-Mar-87 25 - - 33.53 152 26-Mar-87 26.46
2626BA00383 -26.10385 26.53798 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 34.14 152 23-Apr-87 28.9
2626BA00384 -26.10552 26.54020 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 61 23-Apr-87 48.5 60 152 - -
2626BA00385 -26.10468 26.54076 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 25 - - 60 152 23-Apr-87 27.1
2626BA00386 -26.10218 26.54631 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 25 23-Apr-87 49.3 60 152 23-Apr-87 29.33
2626BA00387 -26.10218 26.54659 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 28 23-Apr-87 49.3 60 152 23-Apr-87 29.26
2626BA00388 -26.10274 26.54687 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 38 23-Apr-87 49.3 60 152 - -
2626BA00389 -26.10135 26.54659 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 24 23-Apr-87 49.3 60 152 23-Apr-87 29.3
2626BA00390 -26.11357 26.51770 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 36.58 152 23-Apr-87 23.48
2626BA00391 -26.11496 26.51770 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 36.58 152 23-Apr-87 23.48
2626BA00392 -26.11163 26.51687 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 36.58 152 23-Apr-87 23.54
2626BA00393 -26.10802 26.51687 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F 23-Apr-87 24 - - 27 152 - -
2626BA00394 -26.10274 26.51103 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 28.04 152 23-Apr-87 23.38
2626BA00396 -26.10690 26.51465 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - - - 36.58 152 23-Apr-87 22.93
2626BA00400 -26.08079 26.50798 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - 23-Apr-87 54.8 - 152 26-Apr-87 31.59
2626BA00401 -26.08052 26.50826 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - 23-Apr-87 54.8 - 152 26-Apr-87 31.56
2626BA00402 -26.07996 26.50687 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - 23-Apr-87 54.8 - 152 - -
2626BA00403 -26.07885 26.50826 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - 26-Apr-87 54.8 - 152 - -
2626BA00404 -26.07857 26.50603 GOEDVOORUITZICHT C24F - - 26-Apr-87 54.8 - 152 - -
2626BA00433 -26.10913 26.53687 ROODEPOORTJE C24F 23-Apr-87 1 15-Apr-87 58 36.58 152 - -
2626BA00437 -26.11552 26.52131 ROODEPOORTJE C24F - - - - 36.58 152 15-Apr-87 29.16
2626BA00474 -26.04107 26.53687 CORSINDAE C24F 30-Mar-87 25 - - 36.58 152 30-Mar-87 30.15
2626BA00475 -26.04024 26.53798 CORSINDAE C24F 30-Mar-87 23 - - 36.58 152 - -
2626BA00476 -26.04108 26.53799 CORSINDAE C24F 1-Jan-87 23 30-Mar-87 39.5 36.58 152 - -
Average 19.2 - 51.1 41.4 - - 29.0
9
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Figure 7 DWS NGA boreholes (red circles) within a ~5 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond
mine (red marker).
Figure 8 DWS NGA boreholes (red circles) within a ~5 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond
mine (red marker), overlaid on the 2626 West Rand 1:250 000 geological map.
10
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Table 4 DWS WARMS borehole data within a 10 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine.
Register Quaternary Resource Registered
Latitude Longitude Water Use Sector
No. Catchment Type Volume (m 3/a)
23027733 -26.057220 26.632780 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 850450
23028572 -26.017200 26.626400 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 108300
23028778 -26.098330 26.643330 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1816000
23029081 -26.157100 26.538100 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 685000
23029232 -26.000000 26.550000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 289360
23032193 -26.150000 26.500000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 60450
23033717 -26.036389 26.537222 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 854500
23033824 -26.020000 26.550000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 883125
23036180 -26.037200 26.618100 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1429454
23037394 -26.113400 26.502800 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 410750
23038115 -26.133600 26.532900 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 656400
23038142 -26.010200 26.478800 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1107480
23038721 -26.053890 26.622220 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 140000
23038749 -26.157100 26.538100 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 832000
23038954 -26.090000 26.500000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 294000
23039098 -26.099800 26.522400 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1190000
23039604 -26.002800 26.534000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1969200
23043118 -26.020000 26.510000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 602794
23048355 -26.028610 26.603330 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 585650
23048916 -26.140000 26.530000 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1024000
23049158 -26.026670 26.615280 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 1222000
23050234 -26.090280 26.651390 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 876730
23053561 -26.019470 26.540335 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 500000
23055435 -26.119100 26.517400 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 73500
23055444 -26.119100 26.517400 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 73500
23055453 -26.119100 26.517400 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 73500
23058897 -26.081389 26.594444 C24F MINING BOREHOLE 9600
23068519 -26.067000 26.472100 C24C AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 533660
23071140 -26.067610 26.473130 C24F AGRICULTURE: IRRIGATION BOREHOLE 105750
Total 19257153
Figure 9 DWS WARMS boreholes (purple circles) within a ~10 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi
diamond mine (red marker).
11
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Figure 10 DWS WMS boreholes (orange circles) within a ~5 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi
diamond mine (red marker).
Figure 11 DWS WMS boreholes (orange circles) within a ~5 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi
diamond mine (red marker), overlaid on the 2626 West Rand 1:250 000 geological map.
12
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Table 5 DWS WMS hydrochemical data from boreholes within a ~5 km radius of the proposed
Mosotetsi diamond mine. The samples are compared to the SANS 241:2015 drinking water
standard, with samples that do not meet the standard being highlighted in red.
Macrochemical constituents are measured in milligrams per litre (mg/l), with the exception
of pH and electrical conductivity (mS/m).
Quaternary Sample
Sample ID Latitude Longitude pH EC TAL Ca Mg Na K Si Cl F NH4 NO3 PO4 SO4
Catchment Date
2626BA00184 -26.03739 26.53728 C24F 22-Mar-01 8.70 52.60 260.99 63.37 32.61 4.64 1.21 8.74 5.00 0.12 0.02 3.76 0.02 2.00
2626BA00190 -26.10139 26.53550 C24F 13-Mar-01 8.46 58.70 241.36 60.56 35.49 4.51 0.72 8.44 5.00 0.15 0.02 12.18 0.01 4.15
2626BA00201 -26.11072 26.51775 C24F 13-Mar-01 8.34 71.60 336.65 82.45 44.26 3.60 0.83 7.59 12.08 0.14 0.02 9.19 0.01 7.94
2626BA00202 -26.11078 26.51797 C24F 13-Mar-01 8.31 71.80 338.34 83.32 45.61 3.50 0.76 7.11 12.73 0.14 0.02 8.79 0.01 14.41
2626BA00203 -26.08894 26.57303 C24F 16-Mar-01 8.28 60.30 292.59 66.76 37.51 6.51 1.43 9.76 5.00 0.20 0.02 7.00 0.02 2.00
GOEDVOORUITZICHT 12382 -26.10194 26.51750 C24F 25-Oct-76 7.99 59.80 134.60 40.90 42.70 7.00 1.54 7.80 68.30 0.05 0.18 12.89 0.00 2.00
KWAGGASLAAGTE 12366 -26.06778 26.58444 C24C 22-Oct-76 8.17 59.60 246.50 53.10 35.30 3.80 1.07 6.12 29.10 0.05 3.37 3.54 0.01 2.00
KWAGGASLAAGTE 985 -26.06667 26.56667 C24F 22-Oct-76 7.98 49.10 221.10 28.60 39.40 6.40 1.29 8.53 9.40 0.05 1.29 7.45 0.02 2.00
ROODEPOORTJIE -26.08444 26.51750 C24F 26-Oct-76 8.11 47.60 208.30 30.00 44.00 3.00 0.86 4.82 20.00 0.05 1.93 4.45 0.01 2.00
Average 8.26 59.01 253.38 56.56 39.65 4.77 1.08 7.66 18.51 0.10 0.76 7.69 0.01 4.28
FIELD HYDROCENSUS
A hydrocensus and site visit by an Umvoto Africa staff member took place from the 7 th to 9th June 2016
(winter, at the end of a prolonged El Nino induced drought, which might result in lowered groundwater
levels) (see Table 6 and Figure 12). Five boreholes (including one that supplies Ga-Motlatla village) in
the vicinity of the proposed mine were visited it was noted however that the majority of the NGA
boreholes identified around Ga-Motlatla are no longer functioning due to poor maintenance or rocks being
thrown down the boreholes, resulting in the boreholes been blocked. Mr Molebatsi (owner of the
proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine) stated that there is a borehole (BH 3) ~1 km southwest of the mine
concession that has previously been used for mining, which has a good yield of ~2 l/s (the borehole could
however not be located during the hydrocensus, and the position on the map has been estimated). The
proposed mine owner was unsure of the exact water requirements for the mine, but it is likely they will
be in the range of ~10 000 l/day from (~0.35 l/s pumping rate based on an 8 hour pumping day). EC of
the measured boreholes was ~58 mS/m, meeting the SANS 241:2015 drinking water standard.
It was noted by a nearby Profet farmer that water levels within the Monte Christo Formation dolomite
aquifer east of the R53 (~6 km east of Ga-Motlatla) are ~40 mbgl and have dropped over the past 2 years
(likely due to drought conditions and associated groundwater overabstraction), and that water levels
further east within the Lyttelton Formation dolomite aquifer were even deeper at ~100 mbgl.
13
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
Table 6 Boreholes within a ~2 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine visited during the
field hydrocensus.
Borehole Latitude Longitude RWL (mbgl) Yield (l/s) EC (mS/m) pH Comments
BH 1
26.07915 26.57280 - ~5 58 7 Ga-Motlatla village borehole
(2626BA00179)
BH 2 26.08266 26.57218 - ~2 - - Ga-Motlatla borehole blocked with rocks
Kwaggaslaagte farm borehole not located during the visit but
BH 3 - - - ~2 - -
~1 km southwest of proposed Mosotetsi mine
BH 4 26.07358 26.58838 - - 58.8 7.7 Windmill east of Ga-Motlatla village
BH 5 26.05544 26.62884 ~40 - - - Profet farm boreholes, noted dropping RWL over last 2 years
Figure 12 Boreholes within a ~2 km radius of the proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine (yellow polygon)
within Kwaggaslaagte 1/121 (red polygon), visited during the June 2016 field hydrocensus.
14
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
labour intensive and unskilled operations, with mining generally being undertaken using pick and shovels
or with basic digging, extraction and sifting/sorting equipment.
The proposed Mosotetsi diamond mine aims to use basic equipment for mining, consisting of a JLB
excavator for digging, collection/storage bins, conveyer belt, sifter/sorter, and 10 foot pan (for washing),
although none of this has been finalised as part of a mine works programme (see Figure 13). A small
tailings dam facility might also be required. The proposed mine also plans to build a fuel storage area,
workshop, store room, ablution block, accommodation, dining room and kitchen, office, staff room, sorting
room and security office on the land surrounding the 1.5 ha mining concession.
Figure 13 Example of the basic machinery used for small scale diamond mining near Carlisonia.
15
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
o infiltration of possible AMD water and trace metals into the aquifer from tailings dams, if
present and unlined (also potential tailings dam leakage during large rainfall/flooding
events); and
o sewage leaks from staff buildings or portable toilets on-site (nitrates, microbiological
contamination and trace metals).
Due to the small scale nature and size of the proposed mining activity (and therefore small
amounts of potential contaminants involved, although this is also highly dependent on the extent
of any mineralisation present within the dolomites), the actual contamination hazard at a local
scale is likely to be low, resulting in a low risk of groundwater contamination (despite the high
vulnerability of the underlying dolomite aquifers). However this contamination risk to the entire
dolomitic aquifer system may increase to moderate at a regional level, when taking into account
numerous other small scale mining operations in the surrounding area (if unregulated from an
environmental perspective). Potential contamination receptors, other than the entire Monte
Christo Formation dolomitic aquifer underlying the mine area, include irrigation boreholes in the
nearby vicinity (closest potential irrigation boreholes ~2.5-4 km west and southwest of the
proposed mining site, based on NGA records). Provided groundwater flow direction is still in a
south-southwest direction, the Ga-Motlatla village abstraction boreholes are up-gradient of any
potential contamination plume from the proposed mine, and are therefore at very low risk to any
potential contamination originating from the proposed mine.
Groundwater Quantity The proposed mine plans to use groundwater from a nearby borehole,
at likely volumes of up to 10 000 l/day (10 m3/day / 3650 m3/a, or ~0.35 l/s pumping rate based
on an 8 hour pumping day). Due to the extensive groundwater resources available in the
immediate area (likely to be ~3 million m3/a), the abstraction of ~3650 m3/a for mining is highly
unlikely to have an impact on available groundwater resources and water levels in the area, even
during drought conditions. The risk of mining to groundwater quantity can therefore be defined
as very low.
Groundwater Recharge Mining operations may influence groundwater recharge in both a
positive and negative sense. Tailings dams, open mine diggings and trenches may increase
recharge into the aquifer locally artificially, via the ponding of surface water. These same tailings
dams, diggings and trenches may however alter runoff flow, negatively reducing recharge in other
parts of the aquifer locally. Mine vehicles used may compact the aquifer surface reducing
recharge locally as well. Due to the small extent of the proposed mining operation, the risk of
significantly negatively altering groundwater recharge into the aquifer is considered very low.
Groundwater Dewatering It is expected that the proposed mining will take place above the
highest encountered groundwater water levels in the area (~25-40 mbgl), therefore the risk of
groundwater dewatering through mining is considered very low.
Sinkhole Development Due to the low volumes expected to be abstracted and unlikely reduction
in water levels, the risk of sinkhole development via karst collapse from lowered water levels is
considered very low. Local zones of increased recharge via tailings dams, diggings and trenches,
in association with potential AMD may result in the development of new karst features below the
mine however, which might result in a low to moderate local risk of surface subsidence features.
Surface Water Impacts No surface drainage or rivers are present within the immediate vicinity
of the proposed mine, with the headwaters of the Taaibosspruit River being ~20 km from the mine
area (with the closest related high yielding discharge springs being ~40 km south of the proposed
mine). Any leaks or flow from tailings dams etc. will also likely infiltrate into the surrounding
dolomite aquifer (see above), with any contamination likely to be attenuated and diluted before
reaching regional discharge springs. Surface water impacts are therefore considered very low
risk.
16
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
17
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
The C24F quaternary catchment (within which the proposed Mosotetsi mine occurs) does not
have a Section 21 (a) General Authorisation (GA) for groundwater abstraction, hence a.
Section 21 (a) and (b) deal with taking water from a resource and storing it. Groundwater use,
i.e. Section 21 (a), for domestic use and non-commercial use (called Schedule 1 use), is excluded
from this requirement. To lower the administrative burden on the DWS, the Minister can declare
18
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
a General Authorisation (GA) for any water use, subject to limits and conditions. Although water
use under the GA is not required to be licenced, it must still be registered with the DWS (if
abstraction over 10 m3 occurs on any given day). Any water use that exceeds the GA limits, with
the exception of Schedule 1, requires a WUL. There is currently no GA for Section 21 (a)
groundwater abstraction for the C24F quaternary catchment (within which the proposed BH 3
abstraction borehole and Mosotetsi mine are situated). This means all groundwater abstraction
within the catchment requires a WUL, with the exception of Schedule 1 use and small industrial
users (which the proposed mine could potentially be classified as, and would only then require
groundwater registration with the DWS). Borehole details (geographic position, construction,
geology etc.) are also required to be registered on the DWS NGA.
It is unlikely water will be stored in dams on-site if abstracted (and any tailings dams will be small
volume dams), so Section 21 (b) would not apply. Sections 21 (c), (d) and (i) deal with impending,
diverting, altering or reducing stream flow in surface watercourses. These sections may apply to
the proposed Mosotetsi mine, depending on:
the definition of what a surface watercourse is and whether watercourses and/or wetlands
are present within the mining concession (to be determined by a hydrology expert); and
whether mining and associated activities will occur within these defined watercourses
and/or.
Sections 21 (e) to (h) deals with discharging waste in a water resource, which may apply to the
proposed mine, if tailings dam facilities are constructed, or there is potential for mine wastewater
to infiltrate into the underlying dolomite aquifer, and a WUL may be required in this instance.
Section 21 (k) refers to using water for recreational activities and Section 21 (j) is the activity that
includes dewatering for mining purposes, which both do not apply to the proposed mine (providing
trenching and digging is to occur above the groundwater table with respect to the latter).
If the proposed mining development is authorised then the mitigation measures and recommendations
as captured in this report should be followed, in order to ensure groundwater quality and quantity of the
underlying Monte Christo Formation dolomitic aquifer is not impacted severely, and the surrounding
community of Ga-Motlatla and local farmers who make use of groundwater are not adversely affected.
Yours sincerely
19
Mosotetsi Hydrogeological Specialist Study
REFERENCES
African Diamond AB. (2015). African Diamond AB Bakerville Presentation, September 2015
(http://adiam.se/Presentasjon_Bakerville.pdf).
Button, A. (1976). Stratigraphy and relations of the Bushveld floor in the eastern Transvaal. Transactions
of the Geological Society of South Africa, 79, 3-12.
Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs. (1986). 1:250 000 2626 West Rand Geological Series Map.
Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Water Affairs (DWA). (2009). Dolomite Guideline: A short guide to available documents
on procedures for developing dolomitic land. DWA, Pretoria, 23pp.
Department of Water Affairs (DWA). (2010a). Development of a Reconciliation Strategy for All Towns in
the Northern Region. Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, Ditsobotla Local Municipality.
First Order Reconciliation Strategy for Grootpan Water Supply Scheme: Grootpan and Ga-
Motlatla. Prepared by SRK Consulting for DWA Directorate: National Water Resource Planning,
Pretoria, 12pp.
Department of Water Affairs (DWA). (2010b). Groundwater Resource Directed Measures (GRDM)
software. DWA, Pretoria, 137pp.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). (1999). 1:500 000 2526 Johannesburg
Hydrogeological Map Series of the Republic of South Africa. DWAF, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). (2006a). A Guideline for the Assessment, Planning
and Management of Groundwater Resources within Dolomitic Areas in South Africa, Edition 1.
Prepared by G. Hubert, F. Wimberely T. and Pieterson for the DWAF. DWAF, Pretoria, 22pp.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). (2006b). Vaal River System: Large Bulk Supply
Reconciliation Strategy. Groundwater Assessment: Dolomite Aquifers. DMM Development
Consultants, Golder Associates Africa, SRK, WRP Consulting Engineers and Zitholele Consulting
on behalf of DWAF. DWAF Report Number: P RSA C000/00/4406/06, Pretoria, 64pp.
Eriksson, K. A. and Truswell, J. F. (1974). Tidal flat associations from the lower Proterozoic carbonate
sequence in South Africa. Sedimentology, 21, 293-309.
Howard, M., Mangold, S. and Mpambane, S. (2002). North West Province State of the Environment
Report. Chapter 10: Water Resources (http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html#2).
Marshall, T. R. and Norton, G. A. (2009). The nature of the alluvial diamond deposits of the Ventersdorp
District, North West Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 112, 109-124.
Middleton, B. J. and Bailey, A. K. (2008). Water Resources of South Africa 2005 Study (WR2005). WRC
Report Number TT 381/08.
Naidoo-Vermaak, M., (2006). The impacts of small scale artisanal diamond mining on the environment.
Unpublished MScEng mini dissertation, University of Johannesburg, 156pp.
20
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VSA Earth Science Consultants, (1995). RDP1 Community Water Supply Project: Brits, Marico, Koster,
Rustenburg and Ventersdorp Districts. Drilling and Testing of Boreholes March 1995 April 1995.
Prepared by VSA Earth Science Consultants for the Department of Water Affairs, 5pp.
Wilson, M. G. C., Henry, G. and Marshall, T. R., (2006). A review of the alluvial diamond industry and the
gravels of the North West Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 109, 301-
314.
21
UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
Full Name Dylan Blake
Position/Profession Associate-Principal Geologist / Earth Scientist
Year of Birth 1983
Experience 10 years
Nationality South African (ID No: 830911 5006 089)
LANGUAGES
Read Write Speak
English Fluent Fluent Fluent
Afrikaans Fair Fair Fair
TERTIARY EDUCATION
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
PROFESSIONAL AWARDS
Runner-up / WISA Excellence in Water Research Award for Outstanding Young Researcher, 2010
Special Mention
Honours Award Third best Geology Honours thesis in South Africa, 2006
Honours Scholarship UKZN Honours Scholarship, 2004
Rosenbach Placed first among University of Natal undergraduate students, 2003
Scholarship
Prestige Scholarship Placed second amongst University of Natal undergraduate students, 2002
Brenda Gourley Placed third amongst University of Natal undergraduate students, 2001
Scholarship
OVERVIEW OF EXPERIENCE
1
UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
2007 - 2014 Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd Geologist
2006 - 2007 Council for Geoscience (Marine Research Assistant
Geoscience Unit)
2004 - 2006 University of KwaZulu-Natal Tutor / Demonstrator
KEY SKILLS
Dylan Blake received 42 distinctions during the course of his undergraduate and Honours degree studies in
Geology and Environmental Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, where he specialised in coastal and
marine geology. During this time he undertook work in the fields of geological and geomorphological field
mapping, sediment analysis, differential GPS surveying and transmitted and reflected light microscopy, as
well as becoming familiar with many of the standard geological analysis software packages and GIS tools,
and report writing requirements.
Since joining Umvoto in 2007, Dylan has become proficient in hydrogeological desktop (DWS NGA, WARMS
and WMS data) and field monitoring data collection and analysis, groundwater assessments, South African
environmental/resource legislation (NWA, NEMA, NEMA: ICM, MPRDA etc.) and groundwater use licensing,
and rotary/core drilling supervision/contract management. He has significant experience in Table Mountain
Group and Sandveld/Bredasdorp Group stratigraphic analysis, and structural modelling and fractured rock
reservoir estimates of the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formation aquifers. Dylan has sited high yielding
boreholes in structurally complex regions of the Table Mountain and Bokkeveld Groups, and has undertaken
numerous groundwater assessments for farms, towns, schools, solar facilities and municipalities across the
Western and Eastern Cape (including Villiersdorp and Voorstekraal, farms near McGregor, Wellington,
Queenstown and George, and numerous other towns as part of the Southern All Towns Reconciliation
Strategy Study), North West and Limpopo (including the Bela-Bela, Modimolle and Mookgophong Local
Municipalities for the Magalies Water to Waterberg project) provinces. He has an extensive knowledge of the
geology and hydrogeology of South Africa, Ethiopia and Namibia, having grown up and studied in KZN,
worked for the past 5 years in the Western and Eastern Cape, and having frequently travelled to the northern
provinces of South Africa, Ethiopia and Namibia as part of various geological field trips and hydrogeological
projects.
His knowledge of coastal zone dynamics, sedimentary formations, environments and processes along the
South African coastline has introduced additional expertise to the company, and he has undertaken large-
scale coastal hazard assessments for the City of Cape Town and Provincial Government of the Western
Cape. He has also worked on various mineral exploration and disaster risk reduction projects and initiatives,
assisting the remote sensing team with geological and structural interpretations, and has a personal interest
in the potential effects of shale gas exploitation on water resources. Dylan is currently completing his MSc in
Geology, is involved in mentoring and training junior staff and interns at Umvoto Africa, and has also trained
government officials in basic hydrogeology. He received the young male runner-up and special mention for
Excellence in Water Research Award for Young Researcher from the Water Institute for Southern Africa in
2010. Dylan is a member of the Geological Society of South Africa and Water Institute for Southern Africa,
and is a registered professional natural scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific
Professionals.
EXPERIENCE
Hydrogeology
Geology
2016 Private Clients: South Peninsula Geological Assessments
Geological and coastal hazard assessments for coastal properties in the South
Peninsula, Cape Town
2013 Oshkosh Energy & Minerals: Proposed Sand Mining of Portion 6 Elandsfontyn Farm
349
Geology and hydrogeology specialist for mine works programme, environmental
scoping and EIA for sand mining along the west coast of the Western Cape.
2012 CSIR/Tullow Ethiopia: South Omo Block ESIA
Geology and hydrogeology specialist study as part of a larger environmental and social
impact assessment for onshore exploration drilling in southern Ethiopia.
2010 Private Client: Opinion on Advasols Southern Cape Gas Exploration Rights
Desktop geological and hydrogeological study and opinion on Advasols Environmental
Management Plan for proposed gas exploration in the southern Cape.
2010 Private Client: Oudekraal Baseline Assessment
Geology, hydrogeology and coastal processes specialist study as part of a baseline
assessment for proposed development at Oudekraal, Cape Town.
2008 Sasol Gas: MSP Seismic Investigation
Desktop and remote sensing geological and structural assessment for the
Mozambique to South Africa gas pipeline.
2007 Private Client: Diamond Exploration in NE Angola
Desktop and remote sensing geological assessment for diamond exploration within the
Camatu Concession, Lunda Norte Province (northeast Angola).
2007 Private Client: Vredenburg Sands Resource Estimation
Desktop resource assessment for sand mining in the Vredenburg area.
5
UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
2012 Rand Water EMS: Research Project to Investigate Acid Water Plumes, Decants and
Intersects with Rand Waters Potable Water Pipelines, and Environmental Mitigation
Thereof
Desktop geological and hydrogeological input into, and development of a risk
assessment tool to analyse the risk of Rand Waters pipelines to AMD.
2010 2012 Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Western Cape: Sea
Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment
Literature review, data collection, development of modelling and risk assessment
methodology for study into the effect of sea level rise in vulnerable areas on the
Western Cape coastline (West Coast, Overberg and Eden District Municipalities), and
assessment of flood risk.
2009 Aurecon/City of Cape Town: Disaster Risk Assessment
Undertook investigations and reporting for hazards relating to hydrogeological, coastal
zone and geological processes for the City of Cape Town.
2008 World Bank: Situation Analysis of Disaster Risk Reduction Policies and Practices
Assisted in the review of DRR policies and programmes in Malawi.
2007 UN/ISDR and Commonwealth Secretariat: Publication
Assisted with editing of a booklet entitled Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in
Africa: Mainstreaming Gender Concerns in the Hyogo Framework for Action and a
book chapter titled Integrating sustainable development into national frameworks:
Policy approaches for key sectors in small states.
Attended
2014 Application of Remote Sensing in Geological Mapping and Mineral Exploration
(University of Witwatersrand School of Geosciences)
Dr Roy Miller Symposium Damara Belt Excursion (GSN)
Unconventional Gas: Just the Facts Symposium (GSSA-Groundwater Division/WISA-
Mine Water Division/WRC)
2013 WRC Wat-Indaba: Unconventional Gas Drilling (WRC)
2012 1st SA-GEO Symposium (NEOSS/DST); Shale Gas Southern Africa (Vital Training)
2011 SUN Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch: Setbacks 2: Development of
Coastal Setback Lines
2010 SUN Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch: Setback Lines for Coastal
Developments
2010 University of Cape Town, Cape Town: 1st Shale Gas Workshop and GASH-SA Launch
(presented by Africa Earth Observatory Network)
2009 Institute for Water Studies University of the Western Cape, Cape Town: International
Geophysics Short Course (presented by UNESCO Chair in Hydrogeology)
2009 Institute for Water Studies University of the Western Cape, Cape Town: International
Short Course on Fractured Rock Aquifer Assessment (presented by UNESCO Chair in
Hydrogeology)
2008 SA Institute for Engineering and Environmental Geologists, Cape Town: Geotechnical
Soil Profiling and Core Logging Course
2008 Geological Society of South Africa, Cape Town: Drilling Methods and Techniques in
Exploration and Mining Course
2007 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), Cape Town: Groundwater
Resources Directed Measures Training Course
1. Blake, D. (2015). Cadmium contamination of groundwater in South Africa The potential hazard of
phosphate fertilizers. 14th South African Groundwater Division Conference, Muldersdrift, South Africa,
2015.
2. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., McGibbon, D. C., Hartnady, M. I. H. and Molzen, G. A. (2015).
Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project: Exploratory drilling results from the Blossoms Wellfield. Poster
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
exhibited at the 14th South African Groundwater Division Conference, Muldersdrift, South Africa,
2015.
3. McGibbon, D. C., Hartnady, C. J. H., Riemann, K. and Blake, D. (2015). Flow test analysis and
monitoring of the deep confined Peninsula Aquifer in Blossoms (Oudtshoorn), Western Cape, South
Africa. 14th South African Groundwater Division Conference, Muldersdrift, South Africa, 2015.
4. Blake, D. (2015). Natural coastal hazards along the South African coastline: Lecture 1 Sea level
change and associated coastal threats. University of Cape Town Summer School, January 2015.
5. Blake, D. (2015). Natural coastal hazards along the South African coastline: Lecture 2 Tsunami risk
in South Africa. University of Cape Town Summer School, January 2015.
6. Blake, D. (2014). Groundwater potential of the Swartland region. Malmesbury Agricultural Society
Dairy Study Group Annual General Meeting, Malmesbury, South Africa, June 2014.
7. Riemann, K., Blake, D. and Lee, P. (2014). Groundwater Development and Management. Module 6
to 8 of the Training on Integrated Water Resource Management: Continuation of the All Towns
Reconciliation Strategy Study, 26 to 29 May 2014.
8. Hay, E. R., Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2013). A future Oudtshoorn groundwater heritage trail.
Geoheritage Conference, Oudtshoorn, South Africa, 2013.
9. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. Groundwater exploration at Nuweberg
near Grabouw, for the City of Cape Town Table Mountain Group Aquifer Project. 3rd Regional
Conference of the Southern African Young Water Professionals, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2013.
10. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2013). Shale gas exploration in South Africa and possible future
groundwater quality and quantity issues. Shale Gas Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, 2013.
11. Hartnady, C. J. H. and Blake, D. (2012). Karoo shale gas development: Environmental impacts and
geophysical risks. Geological Society of South Africa Energy Options Conference, Johannesburg,
South Africa, 2012.
12. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., Isaacs, G. and Chimboza, N. (2012). Rapid qualitative sea level rise
risk assessment for coastal district municipalities of the Western Cape, South Africa. 1st SA-GEO
Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa, 2012.
13. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2011a). Shale gas exploration in South Africa and possible future
groundwater quality and quantity issues. Geosynthesis, Cape Town, South Africa, 2011.
14. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2011b). Shale gas exploration in South Africa and possible future
groundwater quality and quantity issues. 12th South African Groundwater Division Conference,
Pretoria, South Africa, 2011.
15. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. (2011a). Exploratory drilling results from the Table
Mountain Group aquifers, southwestern Cape, South Africa. 23rd Colloquium of African Geology,
Johannesburg, South Africa, 2011.
16. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. (2011b). Exploratory drilling results from the Table
Mountain Group aquifers, southwestern Cape, South Africa. Geosynthesis, Cape Town, South Africa,
2011.
17. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. (2011c). Exploratory drilling results from the Table
Mountain Group aquifers, southwestern Cape, South Africa. 12th South African Groundwater Division
Conference, Pretoria, South Africa, 2011.
18. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., Chimboza, N. C., Laidler, D. and Isaacs, G. (2011). Coastal hazard risk
assessment for parts of the Western Cape, South Africa. 23rd Colloquium of African Geology,
Johannesburg, South Africa, 2011.
19. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Chimboza, N. C. (2010). Rapid coastal hazard risk assessment for
the coastline administered by the City of Cape Town. Urban risk reduction: building resilient cities,
addressing urban disaster risk Disaster Management Conference for Africa 2010, Jeffreys Bay,
South Africa, 2010.
20. Blake, D., Laidler, D. and Isaacs, G. (2010). Sea level rise risk assessment for the Eden District
Municipality coastline. Urban risk reduction: building resilient cities, addressing urban disaster risk
Disaster Management Conference for Africa 2010, Jeffreys Bay, South Africa, 2010.
21. Blake, D., Mlisa, A. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2010). Large scale quantification of aquifer storage and
volumes from the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formations in the southwestern Cape. 1st Regional
Conference of the Southern African Young Water Professionals. Pretoria, South Africa, 2010.
22. Blake, D., Mlisa, A. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2009). Large scale quantification of aquifer storage and
volumes from the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formations in the southwestern Cape. 11th South
African Groundwater Division Conference. Cape Town, South Africa, 2009.
23. Blake, D. and Riemann, K. (2009). The importance of geological understanding in local groundwater
development: Case studies from the Overberg region, Western Cape. 11th South African
Groundwater Division Conference. Cape Town, South Africa, 2009.
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
24. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., Chimboza, N. C. and Kuhudzai, A. T. (2009). Coastal hazard risk
assessment for the coastline administered by the City of Cape Town. AfricaGIS 2009 International
Conference. Kampala, Uganda, 2009.
25. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., Mlisa, A. and Thompson, I. (2009). Large scale quantification of aquifer
storage and volumes: Case studies from the Berg WAAS. Poster exhibited at the International
Conference on Implementing Environmental Water Allocations. Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 2009.
26. Umvoto Africa, DiMP (University of Cape Town) and Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
(2007). Women and Environmental Health in Informal Settlements. Poster exhibited at the UN/ISDR
Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction conference. Zurich, Switzerland, 2007.
27. Umvoto Africa, DiMP (University of Cape Town) and Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
(2007). Women Plan(t) the Future. Poster exhibited at the UN/ISDR Global Platform for Disaster Risk
Reduction conference. Zurich, Switzerland, 2007.
PUBLICATIONS
Journal Articles and Books
1. Blake, D. (2014). Non-point Source Trace Metal Contamination of South African Aquifers - Role of
Fertilizers in Trace Metal (Specifically Cadmium) Contamination of Groundwater. WRC Project
K8/1031/1, 53pp.
2. Hay, E. R., Hay, P., DOr, G, Lee, P., Blake, D. and Conradie, S. (2014). Capacity Building for
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Rural Communities: Tsengiwe, Eastern
Cape. Water Research Commission Report No. 2126/1/14.
3. Hay, E. R., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Blake, D. (2011). Disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate
change. In: Strachan, J. and Vigilance, C. (Eds.), Integrating sustainable development into national
frameworks. Policy approaches for key sectors in small states. Commonwealth Secretariat, London,
United Kingdom, 17-36.
4. Hay, E. R., Hay, P., Mlisa, A., Blake, D., Imrie, S. and Goldberg, K. (2011). Investigating the social
vulnerability of people and their livelihoods and their response to water infrastructure: A risk-based
methodology to assess social vulnerability in the context of water infrastructure. Water Research
Commission Report No. 1888/1/11.
5. Blake, D., Mlisa, A. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2010). Large scale quantification of aquifer storage and
volumes from the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formations in the southwestern Cape. Water SA, 36
(2), 177-184.
6. Colvin, C., Riemann, K., Brown, C., Le Maitre, D., Mlisa, A., Blake, D., Aston, T., Maherry, A.,
Engelbrecht, J., Pemberton, C, Magoba, R., Soltau, L. and Prinsloo, E. (2009). Ecological and
environmental impacts of large-scale groundwater development in the Table Mountain Group (TMG)
aquifer system. Water Research Commission Report No. 1327/1/08.
7. Riemann, K., and Blake, D. (2009). Groundwater Reserve Determination for current and potential
Wellfield Development of TMG Aquifers. The Undertaking of the Rapid Reserve Determination for
the Oudtshoorn Municipality (WRC Project K8/871/1). Water Research Commission Report No. KV
236/10.
Consulting Reports
1. Blake, D. (2016). Kommetjie Erf 4170 Desktop Geological and Coastal Hazard Assessment.
Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Mr Bruce Campbell Smith. Report No. 864/02/01/2016 (May
2016), 12pp.
2. Jack, S. O, Blake, D., Wise, E. A, Fusa, M. M. and Towers, L. C. (2016). Annual Monitoring Report
October 2014 to September 2015. Gateway, Camphill and Volmoed Wellfields. Water Source
Development and Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Prepared for the Overstrand
Local Municipality (May 2015), 71pp.
3. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2016). Heldervue Estate Water Resource Development T1/T2
Drilling and Hydrochemistry. Prepared for Mr Charles Edmonds of UNIVEG South Africa (April 2016),
7pp.
4. Jack, S. O, Blake, D. and Fusa, M. M. (2016). Annual Monitoring Report October 2014 to September
2015. Kouevlakte Wellfield. Water Source Development and Management Plan for the Stanford
Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (April 2016), 43pp.
5. Blake, D. (2016). Scarborough Erf 158 Basic Geological Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa
(Pty) Ltd for Mr Chris Mace of Village Homes. Report No. 864/01/01/2016 (March 2016), 3pp.
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
6. Blake, D. and McGibbon, D. C. (2016). Rusthof LSEN School Groundwater Assessment and
Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Hatch Goba (Pty) Ltd. Report No.
859/03/01/2016 (February 2016), 16pp.
7. Blake, D. and McGibbon, D. C. (2016). Faircape Tokai Groundwater Development. Phase 1
Groundwater Assessment and Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Faircape
Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd). Report No. 857/01/01/2016 (February 2016), 26pp.
8. Blake, D., Hay, E. R., Riemann, K., Molzen, G. A., McGibbon, D. C., Towers, L., Adler, A., Nolakana,
L. and Lee, P. (2015). Middelberg 12/643 Water Use Licence Application Water Use Licence
Application. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Middelberg H2O (Pty) Ltd. Report No.
828/01/01/2015 (December 2015), 56pp.
9. Molzen, G. A., Blake, D. and Lee, P. (2015). Middelberg 12/643 Water Use Licence Application
Middelberg Groundwater Monitoring Protocol. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Middelberg
H2O (Pty) Ltd. Report No. 828/03/01/2015 (December 2015), 14pp.
10. Towers, L., Lee, P. and Blake, D. (2015). Middelberg 12/643 Water Use Licence Application
Sanitation Infrastructure Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Middelberg H2O (Pty)
Ltd. Report No. 828/02/02/2015 (December 2015), 12pp.
11. Blake, D., Adler, A. and Towers, L. (2015). Middelberg 12/643 Water Use Licence Application
Groundwater Hydrocensus. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Middelberg H2O (Pty) Ltd.
Report No. 828/02/01/2015 (December 2015), 15pp.
12. Riemann, K. and Blake, D. (2015). Motivation for Stanford Aquifer Model. Water Source
Development and Management Plan for the Stanford Area. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for
the Stanford Aquifer Monitoring Committee (November 2015), 11 pp.
13. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2015). Verlorenvalley 344 Water Resource Development
Groundwater Management and Borehole Siting. Prepared for Mr Charles Edmonds of UNIVEG South
Africa (October 2015), 12pp.
14. Blake, D. (2015). Orchards End Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Mr Russel
Hanly of Orchards End (August 2015), 5pp.
15. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Interim Monitoring Report October 2014 to March 2015.
Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Local
Municipality (August 2015), 8pp.
16. McGibbon, D. C., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Blake, D. (2015). Monitoring Report 2011-2014 Update.
Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Local
Municipality (August 2015), 64pp.
17. Shoko, V., Lee, P. and Blake, D. (2015). Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Slope Soaring
in the Table Mountain National Park and Fernkloof Nature Reserve (Western Cape). Prepared by
Umvoto Africa Pty (Ltd) on behalf of Two Oceans Slope Soarers (August 2015), 17pp.
18. Jack, S. O, Blake, D. and Fusa, M. M. (2015). Interim Monitoring Report October 2014 to March
2015. Gateway, Camphill and Volmoed Wellfields. Water Source Development and Management
Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (July 2015),
20pp.
19. Jack, S. O, Blake, D. and Fusa, M. M. (2015). Interim Monitoring Report October 2014 to March
2015. Kouevlakte Wellfield. Water Source Development and Management Plan for the Stanford
Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (July 2015), 13pp.
20. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D., Hartnady, M. I. H., Botha, F. S., Hay, E. R., Nolokana, L., McGibbon, D.
C., Riemann, K. and Kuhudzai, A. (2015). Danakil Potash Project Groundwater Modelling and
Water Resource Analysis. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Circum Minerals Ltd (July 2015),
114pp.
21. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Outeniqua Mountains Geological Update. Oudtshoorn
Groundwater Project Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Local Municipality (July
2015), 8pp.
22. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Jan Fouries Kraal Farm Groundwater Assessment and
Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Mr Gerrie Mathee (Uhuru Guest
Farm) (July 2015), 21pp.
23. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Brakfontein Solar Facility Hydrogeological Assessment:
Phase 2 Pumping Test and Hydrochemical Analysis. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf
of AE-AMD Renewable Energy (Pty) Ltd (June 2015), 17pp.
24. Blake, D., Jack, S. O, Shoko, V. and Fusa, M. M. (2015). Annual Monitoring Report October 2013 to
September 2014. Gateway, Camphill and Volmoed Wellfields. Water Source Development and
Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality
(March 2015), 66pp.
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
25. Blake, D. and Jack, S. O (2014). Interim Monitoring Report April 2014 to October 2014. Kouevlakte
Wellfield. Water Source Development and Management Plan for the Stanford Area. Prepared for the
Overstrand Local Municipality (December 2014), 20pp.
26. Blake, D. and Jack, S. O (2014). Annual Monitoring Report April 2013 to March 2014. Kouevlakte
Wellfield. Water Source Development and Management Plan for the Stanford Area. Prepared for the
Overstrand Local Municipality (December 2014), 37pp.
27. Riemann, K. and Blake, D. (2014). Stanford Aquifer Monitoring Protocol Version 2.0. Water Source
Development and Management Plan for the Stanford Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local
Municipality and Stanford Aquifer Monitoring Committee (December 2014), 21pp.
28. Molzen, G. A. and Blake, D. (2014). Drorivier Solar Facility Hydrogeological Assessment: Phase 1
Desktop Groundwater Resource Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of AE-
AMD Renewable Energy (Pty) Ltd (November 2014), 19pp.
29. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2014). Brakfontein Solar Facility Hydrogeological Assessment:
Phase 1 Desktop Groundwater Resource Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on
behalf of AE-AMD Renewable Energy (Pty) Ltd (November 2014), 14pp.
30. Lee, P, McGibbon, D. C., Mazibuko, S, Hay, E. R and Blake, D. (2014). Klip River Monitoring for Alien
Vegetation Control. Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project WCR17. Prepared by Umvoto Africa Pty (Ltd)
on behalf of Oudtshoorn Local Municipality (October 2014), 15pp.
31. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D. and Hay, E. R. (2014). Danakil Potash Project Phase 2 Hydrogeology
Study. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Remote Exploration Services for Circum
Minerals Potash Ltd (October 2014), 27pp.
32. Blake, D. (2014). CFB Sands (Pty) Ltd Philippi Southwest Silica Sand Prospecting Hydrogeological
Specialist Study. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Klipberg Consulting (Pty) Ltd for
DHS Silica Sands (Pty) Ltd (September 2014), 40pp.
33. Blake, D. (2014). DHS Silica Sands (Pty) Ltd Philippi Schaap Kraal Silica Sand Prospecting
Hydrogeological Specialist Study. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Klipberg
Consulting (Pty) Ltd for DHS Silica Sands (Pty) Ltd (September 2014), 40pp.
34. Blake, D. (2014). Western Cape Silica Sands (Pty) Ltd Philippi North Silica Sand Prospecting
Hydrogeological Specialist Study. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Klipberg
Consulting (Pty) Ltd for Western Cape Silica Sands (Pty) Ltd (September 2014), 38pp.
35. Blake, D. and Wise, E. A. (2014). Swellendam Primary School Hydrogeological Study Groundwater
Feasibility and Hydrocensus. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of WorleyParsons RSA
(Pty) Ltd for the Western Cape Department of Transport and Public Works (August 2014), 24pp.
36. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D. and Riemann, K. (2014). Umvoto Response to AGES Fractured
Aquifer Hydraulics and Hydrogeology of the Confined Oudtshoorn Basin. Contribution to the
Groundwater Reserve Study in the Gouritz WMA (August 2014).
37. Baker, K. V., Jack, S. O and Blake, D. (2014). Interim Monitoring Report October 2013 to March
2014. Volume 1: Gateway Wellfield. Water Source Development and Management Plan for the
Greater Hermanus Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (July 2014), 10pp.
38. Baker, K. V., Jack, S. O and Blake, D. (2014). Interim Monitoring Report October 2013 to March
2014. Volume 2: Camphill and Volmoed Wellfields. Water Source Development and Management
Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (July 2014),
10pp.
39. Blake, D., Baker, K. V. and Wise, E. A. (2014). Khanya Primary School Hydrogeological Study
Groundwater Feasibility and Hydrocensus. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of
WorleyParsons RSA (Pty) Ltd for the Western Cape Department of Transport and Public Works
(May 2014), 18pp.
40. Jack, S. O., Blake, D. and Burgers, K. (2014). Bonnievale Primary School Hydrogeological Study
Groundwater Feasibility and Hydrocensus. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of
WorleyParsons RSA (Pty) Ltd for the Western Cape Department of Transport and Public Works
(March 2014), 13pp.
41. Hay, E. R., Baker, K. V., Blake, D., Dor, G. and Riemann, K. (2014). Support to the Continuation of
the Water Reconciliation Strategy for the Western Cape Water Supply System Cape Flats Aquifer:
Situation Assessment & Potential for Successful Urban Groundwater Development and
Management. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) for the Department of Water Affairs, South Africa,
47pp.
42. Blake, D. (2014). Takkap Farm Groundwater Assessment and Borehole Siting. Prepared for
Koningskap BK (January 2014), 16pp.
43. Hartnady, C. J. H., Baker, K. V., Halenyane, K. and Blake, D. (2014). Zwaanswyk Farms
Groundwater Assessment and Borehole Siting. Prepared for Mr. Neil Paterson (January 2014), 24pp.
10
UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
44. Blake, D. and Baker, K. V. (2013). Propet SA Borehole Drilling and Pumping Report. Prepared for
Propet SA (Pty) Ltd (November 2013), 14pp.
45. Blake, D. (2013). Groote Schuur Estate Upgrade Hydrogeological Investigation. Prepared by
Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Aurecon South Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of the Department of Public
Works (October 2013), 27pp.
46. Blake, D. (2013). Upgrading of the Sir Lowrys Pass River Hydrogeological/Geotechnical
Investigation. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Gibb (Pty) Ltd, for the City of Cape
Town; Directorate: Roads and Stormwater; Branch: Catchment, Stormwater and River Management
(July 2013).
47. Blake, D. and von Scherenberg, L. (2012). Lakewood Village Borehole Drilling and Pumping Test
Report. Prepared for the Lakewood Village Trust (December 2012), 17pp.
48. Hartnady, C. J. H., Mlisa, A., Turton, A., Blake, D., Goyns, A., Simpson, G., von Scherenberg, L.,
Kuhudzai, A., Burgers, K. and Seyler, H. G. P. (2012). Research project to investigate acid water
plumes, decants and intersects with Rand Waters potable water pipelines, and environmental
mitigation thereof: Phase I. Prepared for Rand Water: Environmental Management Services
(November 2012), 136pp.
49. Burgers, K. M., Seyler, H. G. P and Blake, D. (2012). Water Source Development and Management
Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Results of Monitoring Programme April 2011 to September
2011. Volume 2: Hemel en Aarde Valley. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (September
2012), 39pp.
50. Blake, D. (2012). Thaba Tholo Game Farm Borehole Siting and Field Report. Prepared for the Thaba
Tholo Trust (September 2012), 31pp.
51. Blake, D. (2012). Water Supply at Bonniebrook Farm Groundwater Assessment and Borehole
Siting Report. Prepared for Mr. Jon Kark (August 2012), 14pp.
52. Blake, D. (2012). Knuy Farm (Ladismith) Hydrogeological Investigation Weir Siting Report.
Prepared for Dr. Neels de Villiers (August 2012), 12pp.
53. Blake, D. (2012). Lakewood Village Borehole Siting Report. Prepared for the Lakewood Village Trust
(July 2012), 10pp.
54. Blake, D., Riemann, K., Seyler, H. G. P. and Chimboza, N. (2012). Stormwater Asset Management
Plan (Phase 2B): High Level Master Planning for the Eastern Catchments Aquifer Infiltration
Potential and Contamination Risk Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of
Arcus Gibb (Pty) Ltd, for the City of Cape Town; Directorate: Roads and Stormwater; Branch:
Catchment, Stormwater and River Management (July 2012).
55. Seyler, H. G. P and Blake, D. (2012). Water Source Development and Management Plan for the
Greater Hermanus Area. Results of Monitoring Programme April 2011 to September 2011. Volume
1: Gateway Wellfield. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (May 2012), 57pp.
56. Galley, E. and Blake, D. (2012). Water Source Development and Management Plan for the Greater
Hermanus Area. Gateway Wellfield Borehole GWP02 Rehabilitation and Testing. Prepared for the
Overstrand Local Municipality (May 2012), 34pp.
57. Riemann, K., Joubert, A. and Blake, D. (2012). Determination of Resource Quality Objectives in the
Olifants Doorn Water Management Area Prioritisation Report. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd
in association with Southern Water Ecological Research and Consulting cc on behalf of the
Department of Water Affairs Directorate: RDM Compliance. 32pp.
58. Blake, D. (2012). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase B: Overberg District Municipality. Phase 3 Report: Sea Level Rise
and Flood Hazard Risk Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial
Government of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning:
Strategic Environmental Management (March 2012), 27pp.
59. Blake, D. and Chimboza, N. (2012). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster
Prone Area Along the Western Cape Coast. Phase B: Overberg District Municipality. Phase 2 Report:
Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Modelling. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial
Government of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning:
Strategic Environmental Management (March 2012), 26pp.
60. Blake, D. (2012). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase B: Overberg District Municipality. Phase 1 Report: Sea Level Rise
and Flood Risk Literature Review. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial Government
of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning: Strategic
Environmental Management (March 2012), 36pp.
61. Hartnady, C. J. H., von Scherenberg, L., Blake, D., Chimboza, N. and Kuhudzai, A. (2012). Geology,
hydrology and hydrogeology specialist study. Undertaken as part of the larger Environmental & Social
11
UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Onshore Exploration Drilling in the South Omo Block, Ethiopia, for
Tullow Ethiopia B. V. (March 2012), 53 pp.
62. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. (2012). Exploratory Phase: Engineering and Drilling.
Prepared by the TMG Aquifer Alliance as part of the Exploratory Phase of the Table Mountain Group
Aquifer Feasibility Study and Pilot Project.
63. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Riemann, K. (2012). Exploratory Phase: Hydrogeological
Reconnaissance. Prepared by the TMG Aquifer Alliance as part of the Exploratory Phase of the
Table Mountain Group Aquifer Feasibility Study and Pilot Project.
64. Riemann, K., Imrie, S., Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Hay, E. R. (2012). Exploratory Phase:
Wellfield Operation. Prepared by the TMG Aquifer Alliance as part of the Exploratory Phase of the
Table Mountain Group Aquifer Feasibility Study and Pilot Project.
65. Seyler, H. G. P., Hemsted, T., Galley, E., von Scherenberg, L. and Blake, D. (2011). Water Source
Development and Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Gateway Wellfield
Infrastructure Upgrade Technical Report. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (December
2011), 57pp.
66. Blake, D., von Scherenberg, L. and Seyler, H. G. P. (2011). Water Source Development and
Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Borehole GWP12 Drilling and Pumping Test
Report. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (December 2011), 30pp.
67. Blake, D. (2011). C1c2 Deepening Report. Prepared for Oudtshoorn Local Municipality as part of
Phase E of the Deep Artesian Groundwater Exploration for Oudtshoorn Municipal Supply (DAGEOS)
project (December 2011).
68. Baleta, M., Blake, D., Seyler, H. G. P. and Hay, E. R. (2011). Installation of groundwater monitoring
boreholes for the City of Cape Town - Solid Waste Disposal: Drilling Report for Athlone Refuse
Transfer Station and Kraaifontein Waste Management Facility. Prepared for the City of Cape Town
Solid Waste Disposal unit (September 2011), 50pp.
69. Baleta, M. A. S., Blake, D. and Seyler, H. G. P. (2011). Water Source Development and Management
Plan for the Stanford Area Overstrand Local Municipality. Drilling Report for 2010-2011: SWS01 and
STM03. Prepared by for the Overstrand Local Municipality (September 2011), 22pp.
70. Imrie, S., Seyler, H. G. P., Blake, D., Riemann, K. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2011). Water Source
Development and Management Plan for the Stanford Area Overstrand Local Municipality. Licence
Application for Kouevlakte Wellfield Geohydrology Summary Report. Prepared for Overstrand
Local Municipality (August 2011), 75pp.
71. Blake, D. (2011). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase A: West Coast District Municipality. Phase 3 Report: Sea Level Rise
and Flood Hazard Risk Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial
Government of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning:
Strategic Environmental Management (July 2011), 26pp.
72. Blake, D. and Chimboza, N. (2011). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster
Prone Area Along the Western Cape Coast. Phase A: West Coast District Municipality. Phase 2
Report: Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Modelling. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the
Provincial Government of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development
Planning: Strategic Environmental Management (July 2011), 30pp.
73. Blake, D. (2011). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase A: West Coast District Municipality. Phase 1 Report: Sea Level Rise
and Flood Risk Literature Review. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial Government
of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning: Strategic
Environmental Management (July 2011), 33pp.
74. Blake, D. (2011). Steenboksvlakte Phase 2 Field Report. Prepared for Mr. and Mgrs. Cloete
(February 2011), 9pp.
75. Blake, D. (2010). Optimum Coal Basic Groundwater Assessment. Prepared for Mr. Jon Lijens
(December 2010), 2pp.
76. Blake, D. and Baleta, M. A. S. (2010). Steenboksvlakte Groundwater Assessment: Letter Report.
Prepared for Mr. Gert Cloete (November 2010), 14 pp.
77. Blake, D. (2010). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase 3 Report: Eden District Municipality Sea Level Rise and Flood
Hazard Risk Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial Government of the
Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning: Strategic
Environmental Management (May 2010), 22pp.
78. Blake, D. and Chimboza, N. (2010). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster
Prone Area Along the Western Cape Coast. Phase 2 Report: Eden District Municipality Sea Level
Rise and Flood Risk Modelling. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial Government of
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning: Strategic
Environmental Management (May 2010), 23pp.
79. Blake, D. (2010). Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk Assessment for a Select Disaster Prone Area Along
the Western Cape Coast. Phase 1 Report: Eden District Municipality Sea Level Rise and Flood Risk
Literature Review. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for the Provincial Government of the Western
Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning: Strategic Environmental
Management (May 2010), 30pp.
80. Blake, D. (2010). Reconstruction of Trunk Road 22 Section 1 and Main Road 305 between Gouda
and Wolseley: Investigation of Possible Groundwater Seepage at Kilometre 17 along Trunk Road 22
Section 1. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for BKS (Pty) Ltd on behalf of the Western Cape
Provincial Department of Transport and Public Works (May 2010), 11pp.
81. Seyler, H. G. P., Mlisa, A., Chimboza, N. and Blake, D. (2010). Water Source Development and
Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Results of Gateway and Camphill Wellfield
Monitoring Programme April 2009 to September 2009. Prepared for the Overstrand Local
Municipality (March 2010), 55pp.
82. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2010). Opinion on Advasols southern Cape gas exploration rights:
Letter Report. Prepared for Marcec Legal Consulting, 15pp.
83. Blake, D. and Rosenkranz, A. (2010). Oudekraal Baseline Assessment: Geological, Hydrogeological
and Coastal Processes Analysis. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Doug Jeffery
Environmental Consultants (Pty) Ltd (January 2010), 26pp.
84. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Seyler, H. G. P. (2010). Water Source Development and
Management Plan for the Stanford Area Overstrand Local Municipality. Kouevlakte Exploration Siting
and Drilling Report. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (June 2010), 21pp.
85. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D., Baleta, M. A. S. and Seyler, H. G. P. (2010). Blossoms (Target Site C1)
Drilling Report. Prepared for Oudtshoorn Local Municipality as part of Phase E of the Deep Artesian
Groundwater Exploration for Oudtshoorn Municipal Supply (DAGEOS) project, 40pp.
86. Hay, E. R., Riemann, K., Blake, D., Galley, E. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2009). City of Cape Town
Disaster Risk Assessment Summary Report. Prepared for Aurecon for the City of Cape Town
Disaster Risk Assessment, City of Cape Town, 44pp.
87. Galley, E., Riemann, K., Blake, D. and Hay, E. R. (2009). City of Cape Town Disaster Risk
Assessment Aquifer Hazards. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd. for Aurecon for the City of
Cape Town Disaster Risk Assessment, City of Cape Town, 116pp.
88. Hartnady, C. J. H. and Blake, D. (2009). City of Cape Town Disaster Risk Assessment
Geohazards. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd. for Aurecon for the City of Cape Town Disaster
Risk Assessment, City of Cape Town, 64pp.
89. Blake, D. (2009). Skaapkraal Groundwater Investigation and Hydrocensus: Letter Report. Prepared
for Skaapkraal-Dutoit Group (July 2009), 16pp.
90. Blake, D. (2009). Property Pro Development Farms Groundwater Assessment Morgenson and
Queenstown Farms: Letter Report. Prepared for Property Pro Development (June 2009), 15pp.
91. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2009). City of Cape Town Disaster Risk Assessment Coastal
Zone Hazards. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd. for Aurecon for the City of Cape Town Disaster
Risk Assessment, City of Cape Town (June 2009), 34pp.
92. Seyler, H. G. P., Blake, D. and Goldberg, K. (2009). Water Source Development and Management
Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Monitoring results of Gateway Wellfield Monitoring Programme
October 2008 to March 2009. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (May 2009), 41pp.
93. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2009). Leeuwentuin Farm Groundwater Assessment: Summary
Report. Prepared for Kwezi V3 Engineers (April 2009), 21pp.
94. Blake, D. (2009). Mandalay Farms Groundwater Assessment: Letter Report. Prepared for Mr. Peter
Leppan (March 2009), 10pp.
95. Blake, D. (2008). Mount Rhodes Seepage Study: Letter Report. Prepared for the Body Corporate of
Mount Rhodes (December 2008), 6pp.
96. Riemann, K., Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D. and Mlisa, A. (2008). Updated Geology and Water
Balance Model Report. Prepared for Oudtshoorn Local Municipality as part of Phase E of the Deep
Artesian Groundwater Exploration for Oudtshoorn Supply (DAGEOS) project, Report No.
603/E.09/01/08 (December 2008), 59pp.
97. Riemann, K., Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D., Mlisa, A., Chimboza, N. and Hay, E. R. (2008). License
Application for C1 & C2 wellfields Geohydrology Summary Report. Prepared for Oudtshoorn Local
Municipality as part of Phase E of the Deep Artesian Groundwater Exploration for Oudtshoorn
Municipal Supply (DAGEOS) project. Report No. 603/E.10/01/2008 (December 2008), 103pp.
98. Blake, D., Groenewald, L. and Riemann, K. (2008). Villiersdorp New Boreholes: Summary Report.
Prepared for Theewaterskloof Local Municipality (November 2008), 25pp.
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UMVOTO AFRICA Dylan Blake
99. Blake, D., Groenewald, L. and Riemann, K. (2008). Voorstekraal New Boreholes: Summary Report.
Prepared for Theewaterskloof Local Municipality (November 2008), 24pp.
100. Blake, D., Seyler, H. G. P., Groenewald, L. and Riemann, K. (2008). Magalies Water to
Waterberg: Groundwater Resource Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd. in association
with P. D. Naidoo & Associates for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Limpopo
(September 2008), 44pp.
101. Riemann, K., Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Hay, E. R. (2008). The Assessment of Water
Availability in the Berg Catchment (WMA 19) by Means of Water Resource Related Models:
Groundwater Model Report Volume 8 TMG Aquifer, Witzenberg-Nuy Model. Prepared by Umvoto
Africa (Pty) Ltd. in association with Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd on behalf of the Directorate: National
Water Resource Planning. DWAF Report No. P WMA 19/000/00/0408, 59pp.
102. Riemann, K., Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H. and Hay, E. R. (2008). The Assessment of Water
Availability in the Berg Catchment (WMA 19) by Means of Water Resource Related Models:
Groundwater Model Report Volume 7 TMG Aquifer, Piketberg Model. Prepared by Umvoto Africa
(Pty) Ltd. in association with Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd on behalf of the Directorate: National Water
Resource Planning. DWAF Report No. P WMA 19/000/00/0408, 54pp.
103. Hartnady, C. J. H., Mlisa, A. and Blake, D. (2008). Mozambique to South Africa Gas Pipeline
(MSP) Seismic Investigation: Preliminary Desktop and Field Reconnaissance Study. Prepared for
Sasol Gas (Pty) Ltd. (June 2008), 74 pp.
104. Groenewald, L. and Blake, D. (2008). Verlorenvalley 344 Borehole Siting: Letter Report.
Prepared for Mr. Charles Edmonds (May 2008), 2pp.
105. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D. and Groenewald, L. (2008). Boyes Drive Borehole Siting: Letter
Report. Prepared for Mr. Peter Wright (January 2008), 5pp.
106. Groenewald, L., Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H and Riemann, K. (2008). Hydrogeological
Assessment of the Kliprand Area, Southern Namaqualand, Summary Report. Prepared for
Hondekloof Nickel (Pty) Ltd. (January 2008), 28 pp.
107. Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2007). Vredenburg Sands Preliminary Sand Estimation:
Letter Report. Prepared for Vredenburg Sands, 5pp.
108. Hartnady, C. J. H., Jackson, C., Mlisa, A., Blake, D. and MacLennan, S. A. (2007). Desktop
study in support of Diamond exploration within the Camatu Concession, Lunda Norte Province,
North-East Angola. Prepared for T-Junction Trade and Investment 39 (Pty) Ltd. (August 2007), 35
pp.
109. Hartnady, C. J. H., Seyler, H. G. P. and Blake, D. (2007). Water Source Development and
Management Plan for the Greater Hermanus Area. Interim Report on the Revised Geology and
Preliminary Aquifer Storage. Prepared for the Overstrand Local Municipality (April 2007), 29 pp.
Other
1. Blake, D. (2006). Beach dynamics along the Durban Bight coastline, KwaZulu-Natal. Unpublished
Honours thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 96pp.
14
UMVOTO AFRICA David McGibbon
Full Name David Colquhoun McGibbon
Experience 2 Years
TERTIARY EDUCATION
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Accident Prevention, Collision Avoidance and Skid Control (Killarney Training Centre)
The Application of Remote Sensing in Geologic Mapping and Mineral Exploration (Dr.Tsehaie Woldai)
OVERVIEW OF EXPERIENCE
KEY SKILLS
David McGibbon received 13 distinctions during the course of his undergraduate and Honours degree
studies in Geology at the University of Stellenbosch, where he specialised in structural geology and
mapping. He completed three months of fieldwork in Antarctica for his MSc which he was awarded in early
2014. During this time he undertook work in the fields of geological and structural field mapping,
geochemistry, differential GPS surveying and transmitted and reflected light microscopy, as well as
becoming familiar with many of the standard geological/hydrogeological analysis software packages
(Illustrator, Datamine, ERDAS, SgeMS, PhreeqC, AQTESOLV, AquaChem, FC programme) and GIS tools
(Arc GIS and Goodle Earth), and report writing requirements. Since joining Umvoto in 2014 he has gained
experience in hydrogeological field monitoring, percussion drilling and core drilling supervision, contract
supervision, undertaking hydrocensuses, ECO and drilling report writting, Carbon 14 sampling, tenders and
proposals, groundwater assessments, pumping test analysis and sustainable yield determination. He is
currently being trained in hydrogeology under the supervision of Dr. Chris Hartnady.
EXPERIENCE
2015 Private Client: Comments on Regulations Published under Government Notice R466
(Shale Gas Fracking)
Reviewing the fracking regulations for South Africa.
2015 Private Client: Danakil Potash Project Groundwater Modelling and Water Resource
Analysis
Pumping test analysis, water balance determination and sustainable yield determination of
exploration boreholes in the Danakil Depression for a Water Resource Evaluation for a
proposed potash mine.
2015 Private Client: Jan Fouries Kraal Groundwater Assessment and Borehole Siting
Mapping and reporting: A hydrogeological and geological study on Jan Fouries Kraal Farm in
Calitzdorp (Western Cape), to determine groundwater potential including determination and
siting of boreholes, and provision of licencing recommendations
2014 present Oudtshoorn Municipality: Deep Artesian Groundwater Exploration for Oudtshoorn
Supply (DAGEOS)
Geological, structural and hydrogeological mapping of Table Mountain Group aquifer
systems. Analysis of flow test data to estimate aquifer dynamics, such as recovery
predictions. Logging of TMG chips from C1d3 borehole (525 m). Contract and on-site
management of exploratory borehole drilling at Blossoms.
2014 2015 AE-AMD Renewable Energy: Solar Facility Groundwater Assessments
Hydrogeological investigations and hydrocensuses for proposed solar facilities in Reivilo
(North West). Pumping test analysis and sustainable yield determination.
2014 present Department of Water Affairs and Sanitation: Support to the Continuation of the Water
Reconciliation Strategy for the Western Cape Water Supply System
Cape Flats Aquifer Urban Groundwater Management Strategy development and analysising
potential point and non-point sources of pollution in the Berg River Catchment.
2008 2013 University field work and mapping
MSc field work in Antarctica for three months and Hons field work near Yzerfontein for one
month. Field trips during university to Aggeneys, Cape Columbine and Laingsburg.
Demonstrator for 3rd year field trips to Aggeneys and Nous Wells (2013), Nuy Valley (2013)
and Yzerfontein (2012). Demonstrator for practicals in 2013 for: structural geology to 2nd
and 3rd years, UCT, geography environmental science to 1st years, UCT.
2011 Bloy Resource Evalutaion located in George, South Africa
Resource evaluation internship
Consulting Reports
1. Blake, D. and McGibbon, D. C. (2016). Rusthof LSEN School Groundwater Assessment and
Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Hatch Goba (Pty) Ltd. Report No.
859/03/01/2016 (February 2016), 16pp.
2
UMVOTO AFRICA David McGibbon
2. Blake, D. and McGibbon, D. C. (2016). Faircape Tokai Groundwater Development. Phase 1
Groundwater Assessment and Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Faircape
Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd). Report No. 857/01/01/2016 (February 2016), 26pp.
3. Blake, D., Hay, E. R., Riemann, K., Molzen, G. A., McGibbon, D. C., Towers, L., Adler, A., Nolakana,
L. and Lee, P. (2015). Middelberg 12/643 Water Use Licence Application Water Use Licence
Application. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Middelberg H2O (Pty) Ltd. Report No.
828/01/01/2015 (December 2015), 56pp.
4. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Outeniqua Mountain Geological Update. Prepared by
Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Municipality, Report No. 603/F1.7/2/2015 (July 2015), 8pp.
5. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Interim Monitoring Report October 2014 to March 2015.
Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Municipality, Report No. 603/2.2/1/2015 (August
2015), 8pp.
6. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D., Hartnady, M. I. H., Botha, F. S., Hay, E. R., Nolokana, L., McGibbon,
D. C., Riemann, K., Lourens, J. B. Lourens and Kuhudzai, A. (2015). Danakil Potash Project
Groundwater Modelling and Water Resource Analysis. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for
Circum Minerals Ltd (July 2015), 117pp.
7. McGibbon, D. C., Blake, D. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2015). Monitoring Report 2011 2014 Update.
Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Municipality, Report No. 603/2.2/1/2014 (August
2015), 64pp.
8. McGibbon, D. C. and Hartnady, C. J. H. (2015). Pumping Test Report 2014. Prepared by Umvoto
Africa (Pty) Ltd for Oudtshoorn Municipality, Report No. 603/2.2/2/2014 (August 2015), 96pp.
9. Hartnady, C. J. H., Blake, D., Hartnady, M. I. H., Botha, F. S., Hay, E. R., Nolokana, L., McGibbon,
D. C., Riemann, K., Lourens, J. B. Lourens and Kuhudzai, A. (2015). Danakil Potash Project
Groundwater Modelling and Water Resource Analysis. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd for
Circum Minerals Ltd, Report No. 838/06-08/01/2015 (July 2015), 117pp.
10. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Jan Fouries Kraal Farm Groundwater Assessment and
Borehole Siting. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of Mr Gerrie Mathee (Uhuru Guest
Farm) (July 2015), 21pp.
11. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2015). Brakfontein Solar Facility Phase 2 Pumping Test and
Hydrochemical Analysis Report. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on behalf of AE-AMD
Renewable Energy (Pty) Ltd (June 2015), 17pp.
12. Lee. P., McGibbon. D., Mazibuko. S., Hay. R. and Blake. D., 2014. Klip River Monitoring for Alien
Vegetation Control. Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project WCR 17. Prepared for Oudtshoorn Local
Municipality.
13. McGibbon, D. C. and Blake, D. (2014). Brakfontein Solar Facility Hydrogeological Assessment:
Phase 1 Desktop Groundwater Resource Assessment. Prepared by Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd on
behalf of AE-AMD Renewable Energy (Pty) Ltd (November 2014), 14pp.
Presentations
1. McGibbon, D. C. (2015). Flow test analysis and monitoring of the deep confined Peninsula aquifer in
Blossoms (Oudtshoorn), Western Cape, South Africa. 4th South African Young Water Professional
and 1st African Young Water Professional Conference, Council for Scientific and Industrial research
(CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, 2015.
2. Hay, R., McGibbon, D. C., Botha, F. (2015). Cape Flats and False Bay Opportunity to Change.
IMESA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 2015.
3. McGibbon, D. C. (2015). Flow test analysis and monitoring of the deep confined Peninsula aquifer in
Blossoms (Oudtshoorn), Western Cape, South Africa. 14th South African Groundwater Division
Conference, Muldersdrift, South Africa, 2015.
4. Blake, D., Hartnady, C. J. H., McGibbon, D. C., Hartnady, M. I. H. and Molzen, G. A. (2015).
Oudtshoorn Groundwater Project: Exploratory drilling results from the Blossoms Wellfield. Poster
exhibited at the 14th South African Groundwater Division Conference, Muldersdrift, South Africa,
2015.