STRUCTURAL STEEL
PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION:
A. The term "Structural Steel" is used as defined in accordance with the AISC Code
of Standard Practice.
C. Detailing, fabrication and erection of structural steel shall comply with all
applicable OSHA regulations.
(NTS: Select and list specification sections for inserting into this subsection based
on the following:
1. Specification sections that contain products and construction that the reader
might expect to find in this section BUT are specified elsewhere.
2. Specification sections referenced in the body of this section.)
A. Section 03300: Cast-in-Place Concrete
1.03 REFERENCES:
6. A 194/A 194M: Specification for Carbon and Alloy-Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service
7. A 307: Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
Tensile Strength
8. A 325: Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi
Minimum Tensile Strength
10. A 385: Practice for Providing High Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)
11. A 449: Specification for Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs
14. A 780: Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
Galvanized Coatings
15. A 992: Standard Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use in
Building Framing
17. F 1554: Standard Specification For Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105
ksi Yield
1. Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry, 29 CFR 1926
Subpart R Safety Standards for Steel Erection
1.04 SUBMITTALS:
2. Complete and checked shop and erection drawings for all structural steel
components. Show materials, anchor rods, member and connection
details, piece marks, openings, shop and field bolting and welding in
conformance with AISC Detailing Manual, AISC Manual and AWS
Structural Welding Code. Indicate cleaning, shop painting and hot-dip
galvanizing requirements.
3. Submit the welding procedure for each type of weld prior to welding.
B. Mill certificates and copy of reports for all analyses and tests required by
referenced ASTM Standard Specifications and AWS Structural Welding Code.
B. Tolerances:
C. Tension Calibrator:
2. Provide tension calibrator measuring device at the job site when high-
strength bolts in slip-critical connections and connections subject to direct
tension are being installed and tightened.
2. Each welder, welding operator and tack welder shall be certified by test to
perform type of work required in conformance with AWS D 1.1.
Table 05120-1
Fastener Tension Required for Slip-Critical Connections and Connections Subject
to Direct Tension
Minimum Tension *
Nominal Bolt Size A 325 Bolts A 490 Bolts
Inches mm kips kN kips kN
1/2 13 12 53 15 67
5/8 16 19 84 24 107
3/4 19 28 125 35 156
7/8 22 39 173 49 218
1 25 51 227 64 285
1 1/8 28 56 249 80 356
1 1/4 32 71 316 102 454
1 3/8 35 85 378 121 538
1 1/2 38 103 458 148 658
2. Reject all galvanized steel arriving at the site damaged or damaged during
construction.
B. Transport, handle and store materials to protect from weather, rusting, corrosion
C. Store structural shapes off ground on supports, with webs of flanged shapes
vertical. Cover and protect steel from snow, rain and ground splatter.
D. Use nylon slings or padded cables for handling galvanized material. Do not drop
or drag galvanized material.
E. Provide galvanized bolts, nuts and washers for connecting galvanized steel
members. Ship and store together in wood or metal containers.
F. Provide carbon steel bolts, nuts and washers for connecting carbon steel members.
Ship and store together in wood or metal containers.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
D. Round, square and rectangular structural tube members (HSS) shall conform to
ASTM A 500, Grade B.
2.02 FASTENERS:
B. High-Strength Carbon Steel Bolts, Nuts and Washers: ASTM A 325, Type 1.
C. Hot-Dip Galvanized Bolts, Nuts and Washers in conformance with ASTM A 153
and A 385.
6. Do not use high-strength tension control bolts when bolts are galvanized.
(NTS: Include the following paragraph if a bridge crane is included in the project.)
2.03 CRANE RAILS:
2.04 WELDING:
B. Provide equipment for welding, electrodes, welding wire and fluxes capable of
producing indicated welds when used by certified welders under AWS welding
procedures. Provide welding materials that comply with requirements of AWS
Structural Welding Code.
A. Provide hot-dip galvanizing in conformance with ASTM A 123, Grade 100 to all
steel indicated or specified to be galvanize coated.
B. Provide hot-dip galvanizing, in conformance with ASTM A 153, to all bolts, nuts
and washers that will be used with galvanized steel.
C. Complete all fabrication and prepare surfaces of steel by removing all weld
spatter, flux, residue, burrs and metal surface defects before galvanizing. Clean
weldments with power wire brush prior to galvanizing.
D. Provide steel dipped into solution of zinc chloride plus ammonium chloride
E. Chromate treat all pieces that will be in contact with or encased in concrete or
masonry after galvanizing.
1. Two coats of one of the following coating systems may be substituted for
the chromate treatment:
d. Or equal.
F. Tap bolt nuts after hot-dip galvanizing in conformance with ASTM A 563.
G. Inspect galvanized material for compliance with these specifications. Mark the
material with a clearly visible stamp indicating the name of the galvanizer, the
ASTM number and the weight of zinc coating in ounces per sq. ft [grams per
square meter].
B. Touch-up all damaged galvanized surfaces with one of the following zinc rich
coatings:
2.07 FABRICATION:
1. AISC Manual
B. Perform shearing, manual flame cutting with mechanically guided torch and
chipping such that it will not induce residual stress in metal being cut. Radii of
re-entrant corners shall be as large as practicable but not less than 3/4 inch [19
mm]. Perform flame cutting so that metal being cut is not carrying stress. Finish
exposed edges.
C. Provide full cross section bearing on milled ends of columns, crane rails,
monorails and bearing stiffeners.
D. Connect all members with ASTM A 325 high strength bolts unless otherwise
indicated or specified. Provide clean-cut holes without torn or ragged edges and
remove all outside burrs.
E. Welded Connections:
2. Provide complete weather seal weldments made with 1/16-in. [1.6 mm]
minimum continuous fillets to all members having Type S and E Service
and to all welded connections that will be galvanized.
G. Make connections with ASTM A 307 carbon steel bolts when indicated or
specified.
H. Provide ASTM F 1554 anchor rods with washer and heavy hex nuts. Provide hot-
dip galvanized anchor rods, washers and heavy hex nuts with galvanized steel.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 ERECTION:
A. Align column bases and bearing plates for beams and similar structural members
with steel wedges or shims. Tighten anchor rods after alignment and positioning
members and fill entire area under bearing plates with non-shrink, non-metallic
grout specified in Section 03300. Remove steel wedges or shims and grout voids
solid.
B. Provide anchor rods and anchors with templates for correct placement into
concrete, masonry or other supporting materials.
C. Hold steelwork securely in place with temporary bracing and stays to resist all
vertical and lateral loads, until members are permanently fastened and floors and
roofs completed.
D. Use only calibrated wrenches for tensioning high-strength bolts for slip-critical
joints and connections subjected to direct tension.
E. The Owners testing agency shall inspect and torque test field-assembled bolted
construction in conformance with AISC Specification for Structural Joints.
I. Fasten splices of compression members and members having milled ends after the
abutting surfaces have been brought completely into contact.
K. Perform temporary bracing and bolting of work to support construction live load
L. Do not enlarge holes or damage metal in the vicinity of holes with drift pins
during assembly.
O. Where erection bolts are abandoned in place, remove bolts, completely plug weld
holes, grind flush with adjacent surfaces and paint to match shop coat. Use
specified galvanize touch-up for galvanized members.
P. Align bridge crane runway beams in parallel and level from end to end.
(NTS: Include the following paragraphs if a bridge crane is included in the project.)
3.02 CRANE RAILS:
B. Fasten crane rails to runway beam with rail clamps, in pairs, one each side of rail,
spaced not more than 30 inch centers. Bolt each clamp to runway beam top
flange with two bolts and self-locking nuts. Allow one/thirty-second inch
clearance between clamp plate and top of rail flange and one quarter inch
clearance between clamp plate and edge of rail flange to provide a "floating rail"
in conformance with AISC Manual. Do not use hook bolts. Center crane rail on
the runway beam. In no case shall the crane rail eccentricity be greater than three-
fourths of the runway beam web thickness. The entire assembly will be rejected
if the crane rail eccentricity exceeds the three-fourths limitation. Replace and
remove entire rejected assembly from job site at no additional cost to the Owner.
C. Install crane rails with milled ends and tight joints at splices. Use bolted splice
bars to maintain joint alignment in conformance with AISC Manual. Do not use
welded butt joints.
D. Retighten splice bolts within 30 days and every three months thereafter in
conformance with AISC Manual.
B. Install ASTM A 325 bolts with hardened washer under element being turned in
tightening. Install plate washers in both outer plies when using oversize and
slotted holes. Install galvanized washer under bolt head and nut when using
galvanized bolts.
3.04 WELDING:
END OF SECTION