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SECTION 05120

STRUCTURAL STEEL

THIS SPECIFICATION SECTION RELATES TO STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND SHALL BE EDITED


ONLY BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER OF RECORD FOR THE SPECIFIC PROJECT.

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION:

A. The term "Structural Steel" is used as defined in accordance with the AISC Code
of Standard Practice.

B. Provide structural steel as indicated and specified.

C. Detailing, fabrication and erection of structural steel shall comply with all
applicable OSHA regulations.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS:

(NTS: Select and list specification sections for inserting into this subsection based
on the following:
1. Specification sections that contain products and construction that the reader
might expect to find in this section BUT are specified elsewhere.
2. Specification sections referenced in the body of this section.)
A. Section 03300: Cast-in-Place Concrete

B. Section 05210: Steel Joists

C. Section 05300: Steel Deck

D. Section 05500: Miscellaneous Metal

E. Section 09940: Shop Painting

F. Section 09941: Field Painting

G. Section 09850: High Performance Coatings

H. Section 14301: Hoisting Equipment

1.03 REFERENCES:

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(NTS: Select the appropriate references to be included in the project. Add or edit
references as appropriate. Delete those references that are not applicable.)
A. American Institute of Steel Construction AISC:

1. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

2. AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design

3. AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges

4. AISC Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A 325 or A 490


Bolts

5. AISC Structural Steel Detailing Manual

B. American Welding Society AWS:

1. AWS D1.1: Structural Welding Code Steel

C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Publications:

1. A 6/A 6M: Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural


Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling

2. A 36/A 36M: Specification for Carbon Structural Steel

3. A 123: Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and


Steel Products

4. A 143: Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip


Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedures for Detecting
Embrittlement

5. A 153/A 153M: Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and


Steel Hardware

6. A 194/A 194M: Specification for Carbon and Alloy-Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service

7. A 307: Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
Tensile Strength

8. A 325: Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi
Minimum Tensile Strength

9. A 384: Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During

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Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies

10. A 385: Practice for Providing High Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)

11. A 449: Specification for Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs

12. A 563: Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

13. A 572: Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-


Vanadium Structural Steel

14. A 780: Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
Galvanized Coatings

15. A 992: Standard Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use in
Building Framing

16. F 436: Specification for Hardened Steel Washers

17. F 1554: Standard Specification For Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105
ksi Yield

D. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

1. Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry, 29 CFR 1926
Subpart R Safety Standards for Steel Erection

E. Equivalent British/European codes and standards may be used; however, the


equivalency shall be demonstrated and submitted by the Contractor and approved
by the CM/CS.

1.04 SUBMITTALS:

A. Shop Drawings: Submit the following in conformance with Section 01300:

1. Shop and erection drawings for all structural steel to be approved by


CM/CS prior to fabrication.

2. Complete and checked shop and erection drawings for all structural steel
components. Show materials, anchor rods, member and connection
details, piece marks, openings, shop and field bolting and welding in
conformance with AISC Detailing Manual, AISC Manual and AWS
Structural Welding Code. Indicate cleaning, shop painting and hot-dip
galvanizing requirements.

3. Submit the welding procedure for each type of weld prior to welding.

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4. Qualification test reports bearing witness certification by an independent
testing laboratory for each welder, welding operator and tacker to be
employed in the work.

B. Mill certificates and copy of reports for all analyses and tests required by
referenced ASTM Standard Specifications and AWS Structural Welding Code.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if materials are to be hot-dip galvanized.)


C. Certificate stating that the zinc coating conforms to the ASTM specified
requirements.

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

A. Provide in accordance with Section Section 01400 as specified herein.

B. Tolerances:

1. Maintain tolerances conforming to AISC Code of Standard Practice.

2. Permissible variation tolerances conforming to ASTM A6.

C. Tension Calibrator:

1. Provide certification by an independent testing laboratory confirming the


accuracy of the tension-measuring device when slip-critical connections
and connections subject to direct tension are being used. Confirm
accuracy not more than 30 days prior to use on project and at intervals not
more than six months thereafter.

2. Provide tension calibrator measuring device at the job site when high-
strength bolts in slip-critical connections and connections subject to direct
tension are being installed and tightened.

3. Frequency and of number confirmation tests to be performed and the test


procedure to be employed to conform to the AISC Specification for
Structural Joints.

4. Return tension calibrator measuring device to the independent testing


laboratory for certification if CM/CS questions its accuracy.

5. Use the calibrated tension measuring device to tighten high-strength bolts


in slip-critical connections and connections subject to direct tension in
conform to Table 05120-1.

D. Welding Qualification and Certification:

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1. Furnish written welding procedure for all welds in conformance with the
AWS D 1.1.

2. Each welder, welding operator and tack welder shall be certified by test to
perform type of work required in conformance with AWS D 1.1.

3. If a welder or welding operator has not been engaged in a specific welding


process for a period of six months or more, that individual shall be deemed
unqualified and shall not perform work on the project until the individual
has been qualified again by testing in conformance with AWS D 1.1.

4. Maintain duplicate qualification and certification records at the job site


readily available for examination.

Table 05120-1
Fastener Tension Required for Slip-Critical Connections and Connections Subject
to Direct Tension
Minimum Tension *
Nominal Bolt Size A 325 Bolts A 490 Bolts
Inches mm kips kN kips kN
1/2 13 12 53 15 67
5/8 16 19 84 24 107
3/4 19 28 125 35 156
7/8 22 39 173 49 218
1 25 51 227 64 285
1 1/8 28 56 249 80 356
1 1/4 32 71 316 102 454
1 3/8 35 85 378 121 538
1 1/2 38 103 458 148 658

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


E. Galvanize:

1. Reject all galvanized steel, including bolt assemblies, not conforming to


specifications.

2. Reject all galvanized steel arriving at the site damaged or damaged during
construction.

1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING:

A. Provide in conformance with Section 01610 and as specified.

B. Transport, handle and store materials to protect from weather, rusting, corrosion

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or other damage.

C. Store structural shapes off ground on supports, with webs of flanged shapes
vertical. Cover and protect steel from snow, rain and ground splatter.

D. Use nylon slings or padded cables for handling galvanized material. Do not drop
or drag galvanized material.

E. Provide galvanized bolts, nuts and washers for connecting galvanized steel
members. Ship and store together in wood or metal containers.

F. Provide carbon steel bolts, nuts and washers for connecting carbon steel members.
Ship and store together in wood or metal containers.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 STRUCTURAL STEEL:

A. W shapes shall conform to ASTM A 992 unless otherwise indicated or specified.

B. C, M, S and HP shapes shall conform to ASTM A 572, Grade 50, unless


otherwise indicated or specified.

C. Angles, plates and bars shall conform to ASTM A 36.

D. Round, square and rectangular structural tube members (HSS) shall conform to
ASTM A 500, Grade B.

E. Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A 53, Grade B.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


F. Hot-Dip Galvanized Carbon Steel in conformance with ASTM A 123, A 143, A
384 and A 385.

2.02 FASTENERS:

A. Carbon Steel Bolts, Nuts and Washers: ASTM A 307, Grade A.

B. High-Strength Carbon Steel Bolts, Nuts and Washers: ASTM A 325, Type 1.

C. Hot-Dip Galvanized Bolts, Nuts and Washers in conformance with ASTM A 153
and A 385.

1. High-strength carbon steel bolts, Type I.

2. Grade DH, ASTM A 563 or Grade 2H, ASTM A 194 nuts.

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3. Hardened washers in conformance with ASTM F 436.

4. Bees wax lubrication for threaded parts of bolts and nuts.

5. Purchase bolts, nuts and washers from a single supplier.

6. Do not use high-strength tension control bolts when bolts are galvanized.

D. Carbon Steel Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if a bridge crane is included in the project.)
2.03 CRANE RAILS:

A. Provide in conformance with crane manufacturer's requirements and as indicated


or specified. Provide all materials needed for fabrication and construction of
crane rails, including:

1. Joint bar bolts: ASTM A 449 or ASTM A 325.

2. Joint bar nuts: ASTM A 563, Grade B or ASTM A 325.

2.04 WELDING:

A. Class E70XX electrodes.

B. Provide equipment for welding, electrodes, welding wire and fluxes capable of
producing indicated welds when used by certified welders under AWS welding
procedures. Provide welding materials that comply with requirements of AWS
Structural Welding Code.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


2.05 GALVANIZE:

A. Provide hot-dip galvanizing in conformance with ASTM A 123, Grade 100 to all
steel indicated or specified to be galvanize coated.

B. Provide hot-dip galvanizing, in conformance with ASTM A 153, to all bolts, nuts
and washers that will be used with galvanized steel.

C. Complete all fabrication and prepare surfaces of steel by removing all weld
spatter, flux, residue, burrs and metal surface defects before galvanizing. Clean
weldments with power wire brush prior to galvanizing.

D. Provide steel dipped into solution of zinc chloride plus ammonium chloride

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immediately prior to galvanizing. Do not use galvanizing process utilizing flux
blanket overlaying molten zinc.

E. Chromate treat all pieces that will be in contact with or encased in concrete or
masonry after galvanizing.

1. Two coats of one of the following coating systems may be substituted for
the chromate treatment:

a. Series 161 Tneme-Fascure by Tnemec Co. Inc.

b. Kop-Coat Super Hi-Gard by Kop-Coat Inc.

c. Valspar-Series 89 by Valspar Corp.

d. Or equal.

2. Prepare the steel surface in conformance with the manufacturer's printed


instructions immediately before applying the initial coat of the two coat
system.

F. Tap bolt nuts after hot-dip galvanizing in conformance with ASTM A 563.

G. Inspect galvanized material for compliance with these specifications. Mark the
material with a clearly visible stamp indicating the name of the galvanizer, the
ASTM number and the weight of zinc coating in ounces per sq. ft [grams per
square meter].

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


2.06 GALVANIZE TOUCH-UP:

A. Galvanize Touch-Up: Where galvanizing is damaged, touch-up abraded areas,


using brushed-on method, with zinc-rich coating. Touch-up repair with zinc-rich
coating of not less than 3 mil [0.075 mm] and not more than 6 mil [0.15 mm] dry
film thickness.

B. Touch-up all damaged galvanized surfaces with one of the following zinc rich
coatings:

1. Endupor, zinc-rich coating by Dampney Manufacturing Co.

2. ZiRP, zinc-rich coating by Duncan Galvanizing Corp.

3. ZRC Cold Galvanizing Compound or ZRC Galvilite by ZRC Worldwide,


Division of Norfolk Corp.;

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4. Or equal.

2.07 FABRICATION:

A. Fabricate each element and connection as indicated on the fabrication shop


drawings approved by the CM/CS. Fabricate and shop assemble work to the
greatest extent practical in conformance with following publications:

1. AISC Manual

2. AISC Specification for Structural Joints

3. AISC Detailing Manual

4. AWS Structural Welding Code

B. Perform shearing, manual flame cutting with mechanically guided torch and
chipping such that it will not induce residual stress in metal being cut. Radii of
re-entrant corners shall be as large as practicable but not less than 3/4 inch [19
mm]. Perform flame cutting so that metal being cut is not carrying stress. Finish
exposed edges.

C. Provide full cross section bearing on milled ends of columns, crane rails,
monorails and bearing stiffeners.

D. Connect all members with ASTM A 325 high strength bolts unless otherwise
indicated or specified. Provide clean-cut holes without torn or ragged edges and
remove all outside burrs.

E. Welded Connections:

1. Connections indicated or specified shall be welded.

2. Provide complete weather seal weldments made with 1/16-in. [1.6 mm]
minimum continuous fillets to all members having Type S and E Service
and to all welded connections that will be galvanized.

F. Weld or bolt shop connections in conformance with specified AWS Structural


Welding Code and AISC publications.

G. Make connections with ASTM A 307 carbon steel bolts when indicated or
specified.

H. Provide ASTM F 1554 anchor rods with washer and heavy hex nuts. Provide hot-
dip galvanized anchor rods, washers and heavy hex nuts with galvanized steel.

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I. Provide and fasten bumpers on each end of bridge crane runway beams in
conformance with the requirements of the bridge crane manufacturer.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 ERECTION:

A. Align column bases and bearing plates for beams and similar structural members
with steel wedges or shims. Tighten anchor rods after alignment and positioning
members and fill entire area under bearing plates with non-shrink, non-metallic
grout specified in Section 03300. Remove steel wedges or shims and grout voids
solid.

B. Provide anchor rods and anchors with templates for correct placement into
concrete, masonry or other supporting materials.

C. Hold steelwork securely in place with temporary bracing and stays to resist all
vertical and lateral loads, until members are permanently fastened and floors and
roofs completed.

D. Use only calibrated wrenches for tensioning high-strength bolts for slip-critical
joints and connections subjected to direct tension.

E. The Owners testing agency shall inspect and torque test field-assembled bolted
construction in conformance with AISC Specification for Structural Joints.

F. Tighten all high-strength bolts to the snug-tight condition in conformance with


AISC Specification for Structural Joints, except when slip-critical joints and
connections subjected to direct tension are indicated or specified.

G. High-strength tension control bolting may be substituted for calibrated wrench


bolting of slip-critical joints and connections subject to direct tension. Do not use
high-strength tension control bolts when bolts are galvanized.

H. Align and adjust members forming parts of a complete assembly before


permanent fastening.

I. Fasten splices of compression members and members having milled ends after the
abutting surfaces have been brought completely into contact.

J. Report errors in shop fabrication or deformation resulting from handling or


transportation immediately to CM/CS. Replace and remove from job site
incorrect fabricated or deformed material at no additional cost to the Owner.

K. Perform temporary bracing and bolting of work to support construction live load

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and combined dead, wind, earthquake and erection loads as erection progresses.

L. Do not enlarge holes or damage metal in the vicinity of holes with drift pins
during assembly.

M. Enlarge holes to admit bolts for connections only if approved in writing by


CM/CS. Make enlargements only by drilling. Refinish enlarged holes with paint
to match the shop coat. Use specified galvanize touch-up for galvanized
members.

N. Flame cut bolt holes are not permitted.

O. Where erection bolts are abandoned in place, remove bolts, completely plug weld
holes, grind flush with adjacent surfaces and paint to match shop coat. Use
specified galvanize touch-up for galvanized members.

P. Align bridge crane runway beams in parallel and level from end to end.

Q. Locate monorail beams as indicated and level from end to end.

(NTS: Include the following paragraphs if a bridge crane is included in the project.)
3.02 CRANE RAILS:

A. Installation: Provide in conformance with crane manufacturer's printed


instructions and as indicated or specified.

B. Fasten crane rails to runway beam with rail clamps, in pairs, one each side of rail,
spaced not more than 30 inch centers. Bolt each clamp to runway beam top
flange with two bolts and self-locking nuts. Allow one/thirty-second inch
clearance between clamp plate and top of rail flange and one quarter inch
clearance between clamp plate and edge of rail flange to provide a "floating rail"
in conformance with AISC Manual. Do not use hook bolts. Center crane rail on
the runway beam. In no case shall the crane rail eccentricity be greater than three-
fourths of the runway beam web thickness. The entire assembly will be rejected
if the crane rail eccentricity exceeds the three-fourths limitation. Replace and
remove entire rejected assembly from job site at no additional cost to the Owner.

C. Install crane rails with milled ends and tight joints at splices. Use bolted splice
bars to maintain joint alignment in conformance with AISC Manual. Do not use
welded butt joints.

D. Retighten splice bolts within 30 days and every three months thereafter in
conformance with AISC Manual.

3.03 HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTING:

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A. Provide workmanship and techniques for bolted construction in conformance with
requirements of AISC Specification for Structural Joints and as indicated or
specified.

B. Install ASTM A 325 bolts with hardened washer under element being turned in
tightening. Install plate washers in both outer plies when using oversize and
slotted holes. Install galvanized washer under bolt head and nut when using
galvanized bolts.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


C. Do not reuse galvanized high-strength bolts, nuts and washers.

3.04 WELDING:

A. Workmanship and techniques for welded construction to conform to requirements


of AWS Structural Welding Code and as indicated or specified.

B. No field welding permitted unless indicated on CM/CS approved fabrication shop


drawings.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be galvanized.)


C. No field welding permitted on galvanized steel.

(NTS: Include the following paragraph if material is to be hot-dip galvanized.)


3.05 GALVANIZE TOUCH-UP:

A. Galvanize Touch-Up: Where galvanizing is damaged, touch-up abraded areas,


using brushed-on method, with zinc-rich coating. Touch-up repair with zinc-rich
coating of not less than 3 mil [0.075 mm] and not more than 6 mil [0.15 mm] dry
film thickness.

3.06 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT:

A. Provide in accordance with Section 01700.

END OF SECTION

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