Input material
Manure, energy crops, organic waste
power installed in MW
950 3711
1000
3000 2690
0 0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
-1
KS = 0,033 mmol/L
material
carbo-
proteins hydrate fats
microorganism
acetate H2, CO2
CH4, CO2
Static models
Baserga
based on gas production except KTBL and batch test
of organic components mostly used for facility design
qKoS = xCH qCH + xLip qLip + xProt qProt
Keymer & Schilcher
based on Baserga incl. derived from evaluating animal feed
degradation coefficients qKoS = xi VQi qi
i
Boyle
based on elementary maximum of gas production as reference
composition state b c 3d e
CaH bOc Nd Se + a + + H2O
4 2 4 2
a b c 3d e
+ CH 4
2 8 4 8 4
a b c 3d e
+ + + + CO2 + d NH3 + e H2S
2 8 4 8 4
80
60
40
CCM 2
CCM 3
20 inhibition
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
test duration in d
Comparison to a large
scale biogas plant
Dynamic models
Andrews & Graef Hill & Barth ADM1
Degradation steps 1 2 19
Input material acetic acid organic matter, CH, XP, XL, MS, AA, AC,
acetic acid PR, BU, VA, LCFA, H2,
CH4, 7 MO, Comp, IN, IC ,
PI, SI
Gas CH4, CO2, H2O CH4, CO2, NH3, H2O CH4, CO2, H2, H2O
Temperature vapour pressure growth rate, vapour Henry coefficient, acid
pressure coefficient, vapour pressure
Gas solubility CO2 CO2, NH3 CH4, CO2, H2
Ionic equilibrium CO2, acetic acid, H2O CO2, acetic acid, H2O VOA, CO2, H2O, NH3
Inhibition substrate Substrate substrate, NH3, H2, pH
Complexity low medium high
Adapted to process stability, less less input, many output many input parameters,
input parameters parameters many dependencies
CH: carbohydrate, XP: protein, XL: lipid, MS: monosaccharide, AA: Amino Acid, LCFA: Long Chain Fatty Acid,
VA: Valeric Acid, BU: Butyric Acid, PR: Propionic Acid, AC: Acetic Acid, MO: Microorganism, Comp: Composites, PI: Particulate Inert,
SI: Soluble Inert, IN: Inorganic Nitrogen, IC: Inorganic Carbon, A-: Anions, C+: Cations
CH4 production VCH 4 = v m VL YCH 4 / X X1 YCO 2 / X 47 kmolCO2/kmolX Yield coefficient biomass to CO2
18 0.18
0.0045 1 to 3 l/day
1 to 2 l/day
microorganism concentration
16 0.16
0.0040
substrate concentration
gas production in l/day
14 0.0035 0.14
12 1 to 2 l/day
0.0030 0.12
in kmol/m
in kmol/m
10 0.0025 0.10
8 0.0020 0.08
6 0.0015 0.06 1 to 2 l/day
4 0.0010 0.04
2 0.0005 1 to 3 l/day 0.02
1 to 3 l/day
0 0.0000 0.00
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
test duration in d test duration in d
test duration in d
concentration HCO3
7.0
growth rate in 1/day
methane in vol.-%
1 to 2 l/day 0.010
40 0.20 6.0
in kmol/m
5.0 0.008
1 to 3
pH
30 0.15
4.0 0.006
20 0.10 3.0
0.004
2.0
10 0.05 0.002
1.0
1 to 3 l/day 1 to 3 l/day
0 0.00 0.0 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
test duration in d test duration in d test duration in d
Conclusion
Tool to design and optimise biogas plants
Investigation of process failures and reaction rates possible
Outlook
More data needed for validation, especially for dynamic models
expand simulation for modeling of gas treatment
PMix = Ne n 3 dR5
,t
H tRe f
SUB SUB
tRe f ,t
HDIG DIG
Heat demand Reaktion
Heat loss via roof, wall and ground (heat transfer coefficient of
every layer depending on temperature, wind speed, geometry,
fluid properties)
Dissipation Mixer
Enthalpy balance fr heat of reaction and temperature difference
substrate / biogas (heating value, evaporation, heat capacity)