Excelet

The Nuts and Bolts of "Let's Make an Error"

Let's add some washers to the nuts and bolt

and assume this extra mass is an error.

We are assuming you have completed the "Nuts and Bolts of Extrapolation" activity.
click here

So let's examine two different ways of adding the washers!

We investigate the occurrence of a nut with a different material density in the bag of five nuts.

We calculate standard error of the slope and y-intercept of your original data in
the "Nuts and Bolts of Extrapolation" activity for the statistical diehards.

Click on the tabs to navigate!!!

Revised November 2011

Let's make an error! The addition of an error
bolt = 30 g nut = 10 g washer = g

number of mass mass mass - mass mass mass - mass number of washers
nuts no washers washer(s) washer/nut placed on before any nuts
1 40 40 40 0
calculate mass differences 0
2 50 50 50
3 60 60 60
4 70 70 70 0
type of error number of washers
5 80 80 80 per each nut added
0
total mass, g

90
80
f(x) = 10x + 30
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
number of nuts

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Exploring mixed nuts! What happens if one of the nuts has a different density? This is the errant nut!

Add the values of the bolt and nut masses into the yellow cells to generate data and a plot.
Bolt mass = 30 g Nut mass = 10 g
We will assume this is for stainless steel nuts and bolt. Select a errant nut material
Number Density of the Nut
of nuts mass (g) f(x) = - 0.00x - 10.00
nut mass steel comparison new material stainless steel 10 stainless steel
90
1 40.0 10.00
mass (g) 40 40.0 -10
80 Dn =
2 50.0 10.00 f(x)50 = 10.00x + 30.00 50.0 -10 7.8 g/cm3
70
3 60.0 10.00 R 60 = 1.00 60.0 -10
4 70.0 60
10.00 70 70.0 -10 errant nut = 10.00 g
5 80.0 50
10.00 80 80.0 -10
40 Select position of errant nut
30 errant nuts location
20 1 -10.0 1
10
0 0
Highlight errant point
0 1 2 3 4 5
number of nuts
No error, change density!!!

0
Stainless steel comparison line

0
calculate % error

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material density metals The calculations for the graph

 1 aluminum 2.70 http://materials.usask.ca/tables/metal/ are located under the graph!
2 brass 8.50
3 copper 8.96
4 gold 19.3
5 iron 7.87
6 magnesium 1.74
7 nickel 8.90
8 crystalline) 1.24 http://www.polymerprocessing.com/polymers/PA66.html
9 lene (HDPE) 0.96 http://matse1.matse.illinois.edu/polymers/h.html
10 inless steel 7.80
Generate Random Error in a Model
From any of the models developed in this activity,
add the values of the bolt and nut masses into the yellow cells to generate data and a plot.
Bolt mass = 10 g Nut mass = 5 g
(slope) (y-intercept)
Number
of nuts mass (g) 70 What is the R-squared

mass (g)
1 15.6 15.6 value for this perfect
60
2 17.3 17.3= 5.0309090909x + 9.44
f(x) model?
3 26.5 50 26.5
4 29.4 40 29.4
5 33.2 33.2 What happens to the
30
6 41.8 41.8 slope and y-intercept
7 42.9 20 42.9 when random error
8 47.6 10 47.6 tracer point occurs?
9 57.1 57.1 0 #VALUE! Leave the noise scroll
0
10 59.7 59.7 -1 #VALUE! set and hit the F9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
number of nuts -1 0 key repeatively.

What happens if random noise is added to the mass measurements?

30 R-squared = 0.986
no noise add noise

What happens to the data points?

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Balance Error for Massing by Difference
Massing by Difference Calculation
Select an error: constant error = 0 proportional error = 0 on y-scale on x-scale
100 50 actual with
standard balance balance no error
mass, g mass, g 70 y = x line container
5 5 f(x) = 0x - 5.80155714351155E-15
0 tracer line: container + material & material 6.50 6.50
10 10 5 5 0.0 6.5
60
20 20 balance, g 10 10 6.5 6.5 - container
30 30 20 20 6.5 0.0 mass 5.00 5.00
40 40 50 30 30 tracer line: container 100
50 50 40 40 0.0 5.0 material
40 50 50 5.0 5.0 mass 1.50 1.50
70 70 5.0 0.0 30
30
%error for 0
material
20
mass
Perfect calibration with
standard masses, data 10 The dashed green lines (- - - - -)
plots on the y = x line. show the container with material
0 and the empty container masses.
0 10 20 standard
30 mass,
40 g 50 60 70

Calibration Curve for a Balance

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Calculating Error in Linear Regression
Here we calculate the standard error of the slope,
Type your masses in from the "The Nuts and Bolts of Extrapolation." y-intercept, and the data points (y-values).
number of
nuts mass (g) Values recalculate on
1 12 using LINEST entering all 5 points!!!
2 slope (m) Err:502 Err:502 y-intercept (b)
3 10 std error (m) Err:502 Err:502 std error (b) slope std. error
4 r-squared Err:502 Err:502 std error of y Err:502 Err:502
5 8 F Err:502 Err:502 df
regression Err:502 Err:502 residual y-intercept std. error
sum of squares sum of squares Err:502 Err:502
mass, g

6
INSTRUCTIONS
Click on F7 r-squared
4
click on the formula bar Err:502
when the data is highlighted extend or shorten the range
2 then hold the Ctrl and Shift keys down and hit Enter std. error of y values
Err:502
0
0 1 2number of nuts
3 4 5

The LINEST function is set for your 5 data points.

The LINEST function returns an array of data; hence it operates a little different than typical functions.

Sinex 2011
For further info on the LINEST function - click here