Lecture 5 Losses of
Prestress
Dr.
Dr Hazim Dwairi
Types of Losses
Immediate Time-dependent
Types of Losses
Losses of PS
Concrete Steel
General Notes
General Notes
General Notes
Type of PS Losses
Type Stage Stress Loss
Pre Post (ti, tj) Total
Elastic shortening At transfer At seq
sequential
ential --- fpES
(ES) jacking
Relaxation (R) Before After transfer fpR(ti, tj) fpR
and after
transfer
Creep (CR) After After transfer fpCR(ti, tj) fpCR
transfer
Shrinkage (SH) After After stransfer fpSH
SH(ti, tj) fpSH
SH
transfer
Friction (F) --- At jacking --- fpF
Anchorage Set (A) --- At transfer --- fpA
Total Life Life fpT(ti, tj) fpT
Total Losses
Pretensioned Members:
9fpT = fpES+ fpR+ fpCR+ fpSH
fpR= fpR(to,ttr)+
)+fpR(ttr,ts)
to = time at jacking (usually zero)
ttr = time at transfer (usually 18 hours)
ts = time at stabilized loss (usually 5 years)
Th
Thus,
9fpi = fpJ - fpR(to,ttr) - fpES
Total Losses
Post-tensioned Members:
Post-
9fpT = fpA+ fpF+ fpES+ fpR+ fpCR+ fpSH
fpR= fpR(ttr,ts)
fpES is applied only when tendons are jacked
sequentially and not simultaneously.
Thus,
9fpi = fpJ - fpA - fpF
Tendon Friction
Jacking stress
Anchorage set
Pi Pi
ES
Pi L
ES =
Ec Ac
Pi
=
Ec Ac
Es Pi nPi
f pES = Es ES = = = nf cs
Ec Ac Ac
f pES = nf cs
f cs = stress in the concrete at the steel level
For the general case of eccentric tendon :
e 2 M D .e
Pi
f cs = 1 + 2 +
Ac
r Ic
M D = Self - weight moment
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Prestressed Concrete
Post--tensioned Beams:
Post 3 2 1
1
3
2
For stress-
stress-relieved strands:
log t f pi
f pR = f pi 0.55
10 f py
' t' is in hours
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Prestressed Concrete
For low-
low-relaxation strands:
log t f pi
f pR = f pi 0.55
45 f py
' tt' is in hours
For step-
step-by
by--step losses:
log t 2 log t1 f pi
f pR = f pi 0.55
10 f py
log t 2 log t1 f pi
f pR = f pi 0.55
45 f py
F2=F1
F1
d F1d
F1
dF1 F2=F1-dF1
ln F1 ln F2 =
F1
= e
F2
F2
= e
F1
ln F1 = ; if = L / R
F2 = F1e = F1e L R
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Prestressed Concrete
/2 /2
y
m
x/2
m 2m
tan 2 = =
x2 x
1
if y m & 2 = 4 y x
2
8y
Then = in radians
x
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Prestressed Concrete
A
f pA = E ps
L
Where :
A magnitude of slip
L tendon length
E ps modulus of prestressing tendon
Anchorage Slip
Creep Loss Loss
Elastic Shortening
Shrinkage Loss
Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Relaxation Loss